Name: ______________________ Class: _________________ Date: _________ ID: A

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7th Grade Summer Science

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which of the following identifies the levels of classification in correct order?

A. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species B. genus, species, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, familyC. domain, kingdom, genus, species, phylum, class, order, family D. genus, species, phylum, class, order, family, domain, kingdom

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 2. The following dichotomous key can be used to identify the order of the unknown shark that is pictured.

How does the unknown shark differ from sharks in order Heterodontiformes?

A. The unknown shark lacks a third eyelid.B. The unknown shark has its mouth behind its eyes.C. The unknown shark has fins on its back.D. The unknown shark does not have spines in its fins.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 3. Organisms store energy for future use. Which of the following is an example of stored energy that occurs as part of the carbon cycle.A. Plants release carbon dioxide into the environment.B. Plants hold water in their leaves and stems.C. Animals radiate heat into the environment.D. Animals store glucose in cells.

____ 4. Which of the following statements about energy pyramids is true?A. The largest proportion of organisms are found in the top level.B. The smallest proportion of organisms are found in the top level.C. Carnivores are most likely to be found in the bottom level.D. Producers are most likely to be found in the top level.

____ 5. Juan is studying fossils. His teacher wrote the following statements on the board and asked the students to put them in the correct order to describe how fossils are formed.

1. Minerals seep into the organism’s body and replace it with stone.2. The organism completely decomposes, leaving behind an imprint.3. An organism dies and its body is covered with a layer of sediment.4. Time passes, and sediment layers continue to build up on the organism.

Which is the correct order of events for fossil formation?

A. 3, 4, 1, 2B. 2, 3, 4, 1C. 1, 3, 2, 4D. 3, 2, 1, 4

____ 6. Anna found a bone while working on an excavation. She identified it as a dinosaur bone. What event had to happen for this fossilized bone to exist?

A. The dinosaur’s soft tissues were replaced with stone.B. The dinosaur’s body was exposed to the air for a long time.C. The dinosaur’s body was submerged in seawater for a long time.D. Minerals seeped into the dinosaur’s bones before they completely

decomposed.

____ 7. Which of these descriptions is an example of an unused body structure?

A. a bat’s wing that enables it to flyB. the tiny leg bones found in snakes that have no legsC. the front legs of a dog that supports its weight as it walks and runsD. the tentacles of an octopus that aid it in movement and catching prey

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 8. Which of these statements is most likely true of two species that share a recent common ancestor?

A. The two species have different developmental patterns.B. The two species share DNA sequences.C. The two species have similar arms and legs.D. The ancestors of each species looked very different.

____ 9. Snakes have tiny leg bones that are not used for movement. What type of inference do scientists make when they observe these types of structures, which are reduced in size and function?A. Snakes have adaptations for walking if the environment changes. B. Snakes share a common ancestor with animals that use legs for

walking. C. Snakes share a common ancestor with organisms that have no leg

bones.D. Snakes have the same DNA as organisms that have no leg bones.

____ 10. The diagram below shows a model of the proposed relationships between some groups of ancient and modern mammals.

According to the diagram, how long ago did whales and pigs have a common ancestor?A. about 15 million yearsB. about 45 million yearsC. about 55 million yearsD. about 65 million years

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 11. Beth is studying the populations of wolves and rabbits in a local forest. She knows that wolves hunt rabbits and other small animals for food, and rabbits eat plants. She also knows that average yearly temperatures in the forest have not changed over the last 30 years. However, the size of the forest has decreased significantly as people have cleared out large parts of it for building houses. She found the graph below of population sizes for both species.

What conclusion could Beth draw based on this information?A. Predation is a factor that affects rabbit populations.B. Temperature is a factor that affects wolf populations.C. Living space is a factor that affects wolf populations.D. Living space is a factor that affects rabbit populations.

____ 12. Which ecosystem has a temperate climate, moderate rainfall, and rich soil that can support many types of tall grasses?A. dunesB. estuaryC. forestD. prairie

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 13. A company is planning to build a new factory that uses freshwater pumped from a river to cool its machines while they operate. The company plans on constructing the new factory near an estuary. The freshwater used by the factory will be cooled back to outside temperatures and then released into the estuary. Which limiting factor in the estuary would be affected by the building of this new factory?A. sunlight penetrationB. salt levels in the waterC. nutrient levels in the soilD. temperature of the water

____ 14. The diagram below shows that when two plants with blue flowers are crossed, the offspring have either blue flowers or white flowers.

This outcome is an example of which of the following?

A. codominanceB. semidominanceC. complete dominanceD. incomplete dominance

____ 15. Which statement correctly describes how genes can produce a phenotype?A. One gene is responsible for all traits.B. Each trait is determined by a single gene.C. One gene can be responsible for many traits.D. Each gene is responsible for exactly one trait.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 16. The diagram shows parts of the human body. These parts work together to help you digest the food you eat.

Which term best describes the entire group of parts that are labeled?A. cellB. organC. tissueD. organ system

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 17. Eugene drew the following diagram to describe the levels of structural organization of an animal’s body. At the top of the pyramid he put the animal’s body. The level of organization that is least specialized will be at the bottom.

Which of the following should Eugene list at the bottom of his diagram?A. organB. tissueC. cellD. organ system

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 18. Eugene drew the following diagram to describe the levels of structural organization of an animal’s body. He will list the cell as both the least specialized and the most numerous at the bottom of the pyramid.

Which of the following should he list in level 1 on the diagram?A. organismB. organC. tissueD. organ system

____ 19. Eugene is studying the levels of structural organization of an animal’s body. Which level would describe a dog’s eye?A. organB. tissueC. organismD. organ system

____ 20. Plant cells contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll has a role in the process of photosynthesis. What does chlorophyll do?

A. produces glucose from oxygenB. produces oxygen from glucoseC. absorbs light energy from the sunD. absorbs glucose from the plant

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 21. How do organisms get the energy they need?

A. Plants get energy from fertilizers, and animals get energy by drinking water.

B. Plants get energy from glucose produced in the soil, and animals get energy directly from sunlight.

C. Plants do not require energy because they do not move, and animals get energy by performing exercise.

D. Plants break down the glucose they produced in photosynthesis, and animals get energy from eating other organisms.

____ 22. Cellular respiration takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. This diagram shows the different parts of a eukaryotic cell.

In which part of the cell does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotes?

A. cell membraneB. mitochondriaC. nucleusD. ribosomes

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 23. People rely on the fermentation process to produce certain kinds of food. Which of these items is most likely made as a result of fermentation?

A.

B.

C.

D.

____ 24. Which of the following is a PRODUCT of photosynthesis?

A. glucose B. chlorophyllC. chloroplastsD. carbon dioxide

____ 25. What information is included in a food web?

A. definitions of producer, consumer, and decomposerB. the amount of food energy available in an ecosystemC. the feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystemD. the number of different types of organisms in an ecosystem

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 26. Some consumers, such as many flying insects, need large amounts of energy to grow and move from one place to another. How do consumers get energy to function?

A. Consumers obtain all of their energy by eating other organisms.B. Consumers obtain some energy from other organisms and some from

sunlight.C. Consumers obtain most of their energy by absorbing it from their

environments.D. Consumers light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy

stored in food.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 27. The food web below shows the feeding relationships among organisms in a temperate forest.

Which of the following would be a logical effect on the ecosystem if the deer population doubles within a short period of time?

A. The plant population will decrease rapidly and then the rodent population will decrease.

B. The number of trees will increase rapidly as deer begin to eat the insects that consume trees.

C. The population of insects that feed on ferns will increase rapidly and then drop off rapidly.

D. The number of wolves in the forest will decrease due to competition with deer for resources.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 28. The figure below shows a food chain that might exist in a field or meadow.

How many organisms within this food chain are consumers?

A. 1B. 3C. 4D. 5

____ 29. According to Gregor Mendel’s laws of genetic inheritance, when two parents have different genes for a trait, one form of the trait will be dominant and the other recessive. The dominant form normally appears in the offspring. In this illustration, one cat parent has genes for gray fur and the other has genes for white fur. Gray fur is dominant. The gene for gray fur is A. The gene for white fur is a.

What color would the kittens have to be in order to provide evidence supporting Mendel’s laws?

A. grayB. whiteC. white with gray spotsD. gray stripes

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 30. Many scientists study climate theory and ways that Earth’s climate may have changed throughout its history. Researchers in Antarctica study ice samples that are thousands of years old. Why would they study samples of ancient ice?

A. They expect to find evidence of earthquakes.B. They want to locate traces of ancient human populations.C. They are seeking evidence of past atmospheric composition.D. They are searching for evidence of the region’s natural resources.

____ 31. Scientists are not certain what signals cause manatees to begin migrating, although manatees seem to sense when cold weather is coming. By tracking manatees, scientists have found evidence that manatees travel hundreds of miles during their seasonal migration. The map below shows the migratory range of the manatee.

According to the map, which are the FARTHEST points in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico where manatees commonly migrate?

A. Wilmington, North Carolina, and Mobile, AlabamaB. Savannah, Georgia, and Tampa, FloridaC. Pensacola, Florida, and Jacksonville, FloridaD. Miami, Florida, and Mobile, Alabama

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 32. Emily knows that an organism must be able to perform all the functions necessary for life. Which of the following is an organism?

A. DNAB. nucleusC. cytoplasmD. prokaryote

____ 33. Which of the following statements is true?

A. All organisms have nuclei.B. All organisms are unicellular.C. All organisms are multicellular.D. All organisms are made of cells.

____ 34. Which of the following is the best tool for studying prokaryotic organisms?

A.

B.

C.

D.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 35. What term describes the SMALLEST unit that can perform all of the functions necessary for life?

A. a single cellB. a cell nucleusC. a cell membraneD. a multicellular organism

____ 36. Which statement best describes two functions of blood?A. It delivers antigens to the rest of the body and maintains water balance.B. It obtains oxygen from the air and eliminates carbon dioxide from the

body.C. It carries waste products away from cells and helps regulate body

temperature.D. It removes pathogens from the lymph and produces the cells that fight

infections.

____ 37. The circulatory system has several types of blood vessels. Look at the following diagram.

Which statement about the diagram is correct?A. Label 1 indicates blood flow in an artery, and label 3 indicates a vein.B. Label 1 indicates blood flow in a vein, and label 3 indicates an artery.C. Label 2 indicates blood flow in a vein, and label 3 indicates a capillary.D. Label 2 indicates blood flow in a capillary, and label 3 indicates an

artery.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 38. Read the following two statements:

I. This is a single tube that connects the larynx to the lungs. II. This is one of two tubes that connects the trachea to the lungs.

Which of the following is true?A. Statement I refers to the trachea.B. Statement I refers to the bronchi.C. Statement II refers to the alveoli.D. Statement II refers to the pharynx.

____ 39. When he eats, Eli chews his food carefully. Which of these explains what Eli is doing as his teeth mash and crush the food into small pieces?A. He is performing peristalsis. B. He is chemically digesting his food.C. He is mechanically digesting his food.D. He is mixing his saliva with bile.

____ 40. Which term refers to the muscular contractions that push food through such organs as the esophagus and the intestines? A. absorptionB. digestionC. enzymesD. peristalsis

____ 41. Which structure releases enzymes into the small intestine to aid in chemical digestion?A. anusB. large intestineC. pancreasD. rectum

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 42. Pierre is studying the organs in the human digestive system. He looks at a diagram of the intestines, similar to the one that follows.

Which of the following correctly describes the diagram?A. Structure A is the small intestine, and structure B connects the mouth to

the stomach.B. Structure A is the small intestine, and structure B absorbs water from

digested material.C. Structure A is the large intestine, and structure B absorbs nutrients from

digested material. D. Structure A is the large intestine, and structure B produces bile and

stores it temporarily.

____ 43. Juan goes to see his doctor because his stomach has been bothering him. The doctor tells Juan that the problem is not actually with his digestive system, but is with the body system that regulates and controls the digestive system. To which body system is the doctor referring?A. circulatory B. excretory C. nervous D. respiratory

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 44. Look at the following diagram.

In what order does waste from the bloodstream pass through the parts of the urinary system?A. R, S, T, WB. W, R, T, SC. T, R, W, SD. S, W, R, T

____ 45. What do scientists call organisms, viruses, or proteins that can make people sick?A. diseasesB. vaccinesC. antibodiesD. pathogens

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 46. The first time Juan ate walnuts, he enjoyed them. The second time he ate walnuts, Juan had an allergic reaction to the nuts and his skin turned pink, bumpy, and itchy. Why did Juan’s body fail to react to the walnuts the first time he ate them?A. The first walnuts did not contain antigens.B. The first time Juan ate walnuts, he expected an allergic reaction.C. Juan’s body developed antibodies after he ate walnuts the first time.D. The second batch of walnuts Juan ate contained vaccines that made his

body react.

____ 47. Which two senses respond to chemical information?A. taste and smellB. touch and taste C. hearing and touchD. smell and hearing

____ 48. How does information about how food tastes get to the brain?A. The chemicals from the food pass from the mouth to the nasal passage

and into the brain. B. Taste receptors on the retina sense the chemicals in food and send

vibrations to the brain. C. Taste buds on the tongue sense chemicals in the food and send

electrical signals to the brain. D. The chemicals in the food pass into the bloodstream through the gums

and are taken to the brain.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 49. The body constantly makes new blood cells. This image shows the inner structure of a bone.

Which of the following makes new blood cells?

A. cartilageB. spongy boneC. bone marrowD. compact bone

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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____ 50. Muscles often work together to produce movement, as shown below.

When the biceps contracts and gets shorter, what does the triceps do?

A. It relaxes and gets longer.B. It relaxes and gets shorter.C. It contracts and gets longer.D. It contracts and gets shorter.

Name: ______________________ ID: A

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Short Answer

1. The image below shows an ecosystem.

What is a limiting factor for plant populations in this ecosystem?

2. Give one example of a carnivore and one example of a herbivore.

3. How do muscles, bones, and joints interact when a person exercises, such as when running or power walking?