multiple diseases ppt

7/28/2019 Multiple Diseases Ppt

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Multiple Diseases


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Pinkeye (also called conjunctivitis)is redness and swelling of the

conjunctiva, the mucousmembrane that lines the eyelid andeye surface. The lining of the eye isusually clear. If irritation orinfection occurs, the liningbecomes red and swollen.Pinkeye is very common. It usuallyis not serious and goes away in 7to 10 days without medical

treatment. Most cases of pinkeye are causedby:Infections caused by viruses orbacteria . Dry eyes from lack of tears orexposure to wind and sun. Chemicals, fumes, or smoke(chemical conjunctivitis ).

Allergies .


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Molluscum Contagiousum is a viral infectionof the skin or occasionally of the mucousmembranes , sometimes called water warts .It is caused by a DNA poxvirus called themolluscum contagiosum virus The virus commonly spreads through skin-to-skin contact. [Handling objects that have the virus on

them ( fomites ), such as a towel, can alsoresult in infection. The virus can spreadfrom one part of the body to another or toother people. The virus can be spreadamong children at day care or at school.

o uscum con ag osum s con ag ous unthe bumps are gone.Most cases of molluscum will clear upnaturally within two years (usually withinnine months). So long as the skin growthsare present, there is a possibility of

transmitting the infection to anotherperson. When the growths are gone, thepossibility for spreading the infection isended. [


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Because Molluscums last so long andthey are not harmful, there is no reasonto send a child home.

The child should be reminded to keepthe rash covered.


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Eczema is a form of dermatitis, orinflammation of the epidermis (the outerlayer of the skin.

Eczema is broadly applied to a range of persistent skin conditions. These includedryness and recurring skin rashes that arecharacterized by one or more of thesesymptoms : redness, skin edema (swelling),itching and dryness, crusting, flaking,blistering, cracking, oozing, or bleeding.


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There are several different types of dermatitis. The different kinds usually have in

allergens .


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Hives are red and sometimes itchy bumps onyour skin. An allergic reaction to a drug orfood usually causes them. Allergic reactionscause your body to release chemicals that can

have other allergies are more likely to gethives than other people. Other causes includeinfections and stress.


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FIFTH DISEASE IS A MILD RASH ILLNESSCAUSED BY PARVOVIRUS B19. THIS DISEASE ISALSO CALLED ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM. IT ISMORE COMMON IN CHILDREN THAN ADULTS.

14 DAYS (SOMETIMES UP TO 20 DAYS) AFTERGETTING INFECTED WITH PARVOVIRUS B19.ABOUT 20% OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS WHO

GET INFECTED WITH THIS VIRUS WILL NOTHAVE ANY SYMPTOMS.


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THE FIRST SYMPTOMS OF FIFTH DISEASEARE USUALLY MILD AND NONSPECIFIC. THE

FIRST SYMPTOMS OF FIFTH DISEASE AREUSUALLY FEVER, RUNNY NOSE, AND HEADACHE. AFTER SEVERAL DAYS, YOU MAY GET A REDRASH ON YOUR FACE. THIS IS CALLED"SLAPPED CHEEK" RASH . THIS RASH IS THEMOST RECOGNIZED FEATURE OF FIFTHDISEASE. IT IS MORE COMMON IN CHILDREN

SECOND RASH A FEW DAYS LATER ON THEIRCHEST, BACK, BUTTOCKS, OR ARMS ANDLEGS. THE RASH MAY BEITCHY, ESPECIALLY ON THE SOLES OF THEFEET. THE RASH CAN VARY IN INTENSITYAND MAY COME AND GO FOR SEVERALWEEKS. IT USUALLY GOES AWAY IN 7 TO 10DAYS, BUT IT CAN LAST SEVERAL WEEKS. ASTHE RASH STARTS TO GO AWAY, IT MAYLOOK LACY.


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Lice are parasitic insects that can be found onpeople's heads, and bodies.Human lice survive by feeding on humanblood.Lice infestations are spread most commonly

by close person-to-person contact. Dogs,cats, and other pets do not play a role in thetransmission of human lice. Lice move bycrawling; they cannot hop or fly. Both over-the-counter and prescription medications areavailable for treatment of lice infestations.


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Diptheria is an upper respiratory tractillness caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae , a facultative anaerobic ,Gram-positive bacterium .[1][2] It ischaracterized by sore throat, low fever ,and an adherent membrane (apseudomembrane ) on the tonsils ,p arynx , an or nasa cav ty. m erform of diphtheria can be restricted tothe skin. Less common consequencesinclude myocarditis (about 20% of cases)

and peripheral neuropathy


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Diphtheria once was a majorcause of illness and deathamong children. The U.S.recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921,resulting in 15,520 deaths.Starting in the 1920s,di htheria rates dro ed

The incubation period of diphtheria is 25 days(range, 110 days).Diphtheria can involvealmost any mucousmembrane. For clinicalpurposes, it is convenientto classif di htheria into a

quickly in the U.S. andother countries that beganwidely vaccinating.

number of manifestations,depending on the site of disease:Respiratory diphtheria

Anterior nasal diphtheria Pharyngeal and tonsillar

diphtheria Laryngeal diphtheriaCutaneous diphtheria


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Tetanus is induced by anexotoxin of the tetanusbacillus ( Clostridium

tetani ), which growsanerobically at sites of an

.characterized by painfulmuscular contractions,primarily of the masseter,and other large muscles.


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A respiratory disease caused by bacteria.Can cause Airway obstruction, coma, anddeath if not treated.

Diphtheria toxoid (contained in Tdap, DTP,DTaP, DT or Td vaccines) can prevent thisdisease.


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PERTUSSIS IS A VERY CONTAGIOUSDISEASE ONLY FOUND IN HUMANS ANDIS SPREAD FROM PERSON TO PERSON.PEOPLE WITH PERTUSSIS USUALLYSPREAD THE DISEASE BY COUGHING OR

WITH OTHERS, WHO THEN BREATHE INTHE PERTUSSIS BACTERIA. MANYINFANTS WHO GET PERTUSSIS ARE

INFECTED BY OLDER SIBLINGS, PARENTSOR CAREGIVERS WHO MIGHT NOT EVENKNOW THEY HAVE THE DISEASE.


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Polio is a crippling and

potentially deadly infectiousdisease caused by a virus thatspreads from person to personinvading the brain and spinalcord and causing paralysis.

Because polio has no cure,vaccination is the best way toprotect yourself and the onlyway to stop the disease fromspreading.


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MEASLES IS A RESPIRATORY DISEASECAUSED BY A VIRUS. THE DISEASE ISALSO CALLED RUBEOLA. MEASLESVIRUS NORMALLY GROWS IN THECELLS THAT LINE THE BACK OF THETHROAT ANDLUNGS.

MEASLES SPREADS THROUGH THE AIRBY BREATHING, COUGHING ORSNEEZING. IT IS SO CONTAGIOUS

THAT ANY CHILD WHO IS EXPOSEDTO IT AND IS NOT IMMUNE WILLPROBABLY GET THE DISEASE.


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ABOUT ONE OUT OF 10CHILDREN WITH MEASLES

ALSO GETS AN EARINFECTION, AND UP TO ONEOUT OF 20 GETS

.OUT OF 1,000 GETSENCEPHALITIS, AND ONE ORTWO OUT OF 1,000 DIE.


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MUMPS IS A CONTAGIOUSDISEASE THAT IS CAUSED BYTHE MUMPS VIRUS. MUMPSTYPICALLY STARTS WITH AFEW DAYS OF FEVER,

HEADACHE, MUSCLE ACHES,TIREDNESS, AND LOSS OFAPPETITE, AND IS FOLLOWEDBY SWELLING OF SALIVARYGLANDS.


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An acute viral rashSymptoms- Rash andfever for two to three days(mild disease in childrenand young adults)Complicatons- Birthdefects if acquired by apregnant woman:deafness, cataracts, heartdefects, mentalretardation, and liver and

Transmission-Spread bycontact with aninfected person,throughcoughing and

20% chance of damage tothe fetus if a woman isinfected early inpregnancy)

sneez ngRubella- Rubellavaccine

(contained inMMR vaccine) canprevent thisdisease.


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Hepatitis A is a liver disease causedby the hepatitis A virus (HAV).Hepatitis A can affect anyone.Symptoms:yellow skin or eyes,tiredness, stomach ache, loss of appetite, or nausea.

ost common y sprea ycontamination of stool.Good personal hygiene and proper

sanitation can also help prevent thespread of hepatitis A.


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Hepatitis B is spread when blood, or otherbody fluid infected with the Hepatitis B virusenters the body of a person who is not infected.People can become infected with the virus

during activities such as: Birth (spread from an infected mother to herbaby during birth).

, , -injection equipment. Sharing items such as razors or toothbrusheswith an infected person. Direct contact with the blood or open sores of an infected person. Exposure to blood from needle sticks or othersharp instruments.


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CHICKENPOX IS A VERY CONTAGIOUS DISEASE


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CAUSED BY THE VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV). ITCAUSES A BLISTER-LIKE RASH, ITCHING, TIREDNESS,AND FEVER. CHICKENPOX CAN BE SERIOUS,ESPECIALLY IN BABIES, ADULTS, AND PEOPLE WITHWEAKENED IMMUNE SYSTEMS. IT SPREADS EASILYFROM INFECTED PEOPLE TO OTHERS WHO HAVE

NEVER HAD CHICKENPOX OR RECEIVED THECHICKENPOX VACCINE. CHICKENPOX SPREADS IN THEAIR THROUGH COUGHING OR SNEEZING. IT CAN ALSOBE SPREAD BY TOUCHING OR BREATHING IN THE

BLISTERS.THE BEST WAY TO PREVENT CHICKENPOX IS TO GETTHE CHICKENPOX VACCINE.BEFORE THE VACCINE, ABOUT 4 MILLION PEOPLE

WOULD GET CHICKENPOX EACH YEAR IN THE UNITEDSTATES. ALSO, ABOUT 10,600 PEOPLE WEREHOSPITALIZED AND 100 TO 150 DIED EACH YEAR ASA RESULT OF CHICKENPOX.


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multiple diseases ppt

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