History

Mumbai -the seven island cityMohd Tanzeel Faraz3PD12AT025PDACEG

Pre-Historic PeriodBombay, now Mumbai, more correctly Greater Mumbai, started out as seven small islands with villages of Kolis

Their main means of living was from fishing and their goddess was Mumba Devi.

These were seven islands when the Portuguese ceded these to the British as 'dowry' for the marriage of the English King Charles II to Catharine of Braganza of Portugal, in 1661.

MahimParelWorliMazgaonOld BombayOld Womans IslandColaba

Origin of Mumbai

The Portuguese who first claimed possession of the seven islands called these Bom Baie, meaning Good Bay, and the city was called Bombay upto the early 70's.

The origin of the word Mumbai-it is now claimed the word Mumbai is derived from the word for the local diety of the region, a goddess called Mumbadevi.

The Hindu Rule

Ashoka ofMagadha

-TheMaurya Empireunder Emperor Ashoka ofMagadhain the third century BCE.

Kanheri Caves

Mahakali Caves-The port ofSopara(present-dayNala Sopara) was an important trading centre during the first century BCE-Buddhist monks, scholars, and artists created the artwork, inscriptions, and sculpture

Islamic period

The islands came under the control of the Muslim rulers of Gujarat in 1348, ending the sovereignty of Hindu rulers over the islands.Muzaffar Shah I-Gujarat Sultanate (1391- 1535)Rai QutbAhmad Shah I WaliSultan Bahadur ShahThe Sultanate's patronage led to the construction of many mosques, prominent being theHaji Ali Dargah inMahim, built in honour the Muslim saintHaji Aliin 1431.

Haji Ali TOMB & MOSQUE

Is a mosque and dargah (tomb) located on an islet off the coast of Worli in Southern part of Mumbai. An finest example of Indian Islamic architectureThe dargah contains the tomb of Sayed Peer Haji Ali Shah Bukhari.

The Haji Ali Dargah was constructed in 1431 in memory of a rich Muslim merchant, Sayyed Peer Haji Ali Shah Bukhari , who gave up all his worldly possessions before making a pilgrimage to Mecca.

On Thursdays and Fridays, the shrine is visited by at least 40,000 pilgrims

Portuguese ColonizationPortuguese explorerFrancisco de Almeida's ship sailed into the deep natural harbour of the island in 1508, and he called itBom Bahia(Good Bay), which the English pronounced Bombay.Bahadur Shah signed the Treaty of Basseinwith the Portuguese on 23 December 1534. According to the treaty, the islands of Mumbai and Bassein were offered to the Portuguese. Bassein and the seven islands were surrendered toNuno da Cunha, Viceroy ofPortuguese India, on 25 October 1535, ending the Islamic rule in Mumbai. Portuguese used this area to promote their religion, St. Michael church in Mahim was constructed by a Portuguese ruler.

In 1534, the Portuguese captured the islands and established a trading centre (or 'factory') there.This trading place slowly grew, with local people trading products such as-

SilkMuslinChintzOnyxRiceCottonTobacco

British Period

In October 1626, whilst at war with Portugal, English sailors heard that the Portuguese had "got into a hole called Bombay" to repair their ships.They attacked Bombay, but the ships had already left. The English burned down buildings, and destroyed two new Portuguese ships.The marriage treaty ofthe King Charles II of EnglandandCatherine of Portugalon 8 May 1661 placed Bombay in British possession as a part of Catherine's dowry to Charles.

Weds

Charles II did not want the trouble of ruling these islands and in 1668 persuaded the East India Company to rent them for just 10 pounds of gold a year.Within a few years the Company transformed Bombay-In 1670, the Parsi businessman Bhimjee Parikh imported the first printing press into Bombay. -In 1854 the first Indian cotton mill was opened.-In 1845 the Reclamation project connected all the small parts of the city into a big island.-In 1853, the first Indian railway opened, which stretched from Bombay to Thana.-Afterwards Bombay saw even more development construction of new buildings. Wilson College, Chowpatti, Malabar hill, Victoria terminus railway station and even Gate way of India to welcome King George five and Queen Mary to India.

Independent India

Bombay even played a major role in Indian freedom struggle.

Balagangadhara tilak from Ratnagiri was the first popular leader of theIndian Independence Movement. The first session of Indian National Congress was held in Bombay on 31st December 1885.

In 1956 San Yanyukta Maharashtra Committe was formed in Pune. It demanded separate state on the basis of Marathi language and Bombay as its capital.

This was not accepted by the Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

After continued protest the request was accepted and Maharashtra state was formed with Bombay as its capital.The city changed its name in 1995 to Mumbai, after Mumbadevi, the stone goddess of the deep-sea fishermen who originally lived on the islands before they were driven out by the East India Company.

Post-Independence

Sky-scrapers, towering architecture, the Bombay Stock Exchange, tarred roads and a boom in the secondary and tertiary sector changed the city's status and brought it up to one of the top four cities in the country. Today, Mumbai is the fourth most populous city in the world.

After this there was a Rise of Bollywood in Bombay and it continued to grow a business hub in the coming years.

Famous Gothic Architectures Victoria Terminus: The station was christened to commemorate Victoria Jubilee Day in 1887 when India's first steam engine puffed out to neighboring Thane, about 45 kms away. Today it has been rechristenedChhatrapati Shivaji Terminusafter the Maratha warrior Shivaji Maharaj.

Bombay Municipal Corporation:This is Bombay's Municipal Headquater,It is also known as the Bombay Municipal Corporation Building, or BMC building for short. Now at the entrance the bronze statue of Sir Phirozeshah Mehta, founder member of the Municipal Corporation stands an impressive structure.

Gateway of India: The Gateway of India was built to commemorate the visit ofKing George VandQueen Maryto Mumbai, prior to theDelhi Durbar, in December 1911. The foundation stone was laid on 31 March 1911, by the governor of BombaySir George Sydenham Clarke. The last British troops to leave India following the country'sindependence, the First Battalion of theSomerset Light Infantry, passed through the gateway on their way out in a ceremony on 28 February 1948, signalling the end ofBritish rule.

-After the decline of the Maurya Empire, between 3rd to 13th century the islands fell to many hands. SatavahanasAbhirasKalachurisMauryas of KonkanChalukyasRashtrakutasSilhara dynasty of konkan ruled the region between 8th to 12th century. They constructed Elephanta caves.King Bhimdev of Gujrat founded his kingdom in the region in the late 13th century. He was a very powerful king and most of the people gives him the credit for setting the Bombay. His capital was in Mahim.

The Mumbai NowHome to around 13 million peopleMulti-Cultural CityCentre of Indias Bollywood IndustryMost populated City in IndiaRanks 4th in World (in Population)The worlds busiest suburban railway network

MUMBAITourist PLACE

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1. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya MuseumThis is the largest museum in Mumbai. Inside are antiques from all over the country. Starting from the old sculptures, Mughal paintings are beautiful,tools handmade weapons. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastharau Sangrahalaya Museum is located at 159-161 Mahatma Gandhi (MG) Road, Fort.Travelled Distance:26 KmTime spent in Traveling:39 Minutes.

A local favorite for the colorfulThalithat it serves. It's a mix ofRajasthaniandGujrati

2. Chowpatty beach

This is one popular touristattractions inMumbaito watchthe sunset. Manypeople whogo to Chowpatty beach to breathe the sea air while eating bhelpuri (fried snacks) or choose to swim. Still wonderingwhere is itlocated? Try visiting the address Chowpatty, Marine Drive (Netaji Subhashchandra Bose Road). Day's Travel Time:32 Minutesbhelpuris (puffed rice snacks) and other Indian delights.

3.Elephanta island

Small island in the Mumbai Harbor is famous for its ancient cave temples carved, especially the temple of Shiva. Here you can see the carving three-faced statue of the god. Transportation that is needed is a boat that is available near the Gateway of India.

Travel Time:124 Minutes

Nothing particular special to say, it was just fried rice, taste was ok not great but its cheap and ok for the price we paid.

4. India GateUsually the gate is used as carnival center for the forecasters, the boats are decorated and many others. India Gate is located just in front of Mumbai HarbDay's Travel Time:37 Minutes.

5. Haji Ali Drgah

Place on this small island used as a place of worship for Muslims in Mumbai. Uniquely, the people rarely come to Haji Ali is rarely found when the tides because of the bridge (Worli Bay) could be asleep.

6. JehangirArt Gallery

If you want to seegreat performances, visit to JehangirArt Galleryis located at 161B Mahatma Gandhi (MG) Road, Kala Ghoda. There are many fineworks of artand good in this place. this gallery become one of famous touristattractions inMumbai.

7. Juhu beach

The most appropriate time to visit the Juhu beach the afternoon. Here you can walk around waiting for the sunset while eating a snack fresh

8.Mahalaxmi Dobi Ghat

There are thousands of traditional garments at the Mahalaxmi dhobi Ghat. They began to look closely at the Mahalaxmi railway station up on a bridge.

9. Marine Drive

Marine Drive dubbed as the "Queen's Necklace" the most beautiful in the evening. This is a popular spot along the coast of the Arabian Sea, from afternoon until evening.

10. St Thomas' Cathedral

One of the oldest remaining building inMumbaiis the St. Thomas' Cathedral. The building was built in the 17th century to 18 with Byzantine designs. In it there are also several old graves in the UK.

11.The Hanging Gardens

The Hanging Gardens, Mumbai, in Mumbai, India, also known as Ferozeshah Mehta Gardens, are terraced gardens perched at the top of Malabar Hill, on its western side, just opposite the Kamala Nehru Park.

Slums in Mumbai

ContentOverviewTypes of Slums in MumbaiDharaviBasic Amenities in SlumsEpidemics & Other DisastersReformation PlansConclusionReference Links

OverviewThough Mumbai is a City of Dreams, it is also a major hub for slums in the city

According to a recent research, it has been noted that half of Mumbais population lives in slums

Types of Slums in Mumbai

Introduction to Types of SlumsChawls Chawls are basically one room structures with small cooking spaces and common sanitation areas

Zopadpattis Zopadpattis are typical squatters in vernacular. They are the most predominant categories which fall under slum

Pavement Dwellings Pavement Dwellings are shanties built on footpaths alongside roads or pavements. Majority of the pavement dwellers dwell from different regions of the country

DharaviDharavi is one of the largest slum dwelling region in the world

Founded in the year 1880 during British regiment, the Dharavi region has only expanded in the number of residents in its slum

Economy in DharaviThere are many pottery, textile industries located in Dharavi

Over the recent years, large recycling industries have also formed their base in Dharavi

Sanitation Sanitation in slums is extremely poor. There are limited community toilets to take care of basic utilities of the residents in slums. Hence, many prefer defecating in the open

Water Supply On comparing with sanitation facilities in slums, the water supply coverage is still decent

Waste Management There are inadequate bins, lack of awareness among slum dwellers Basic Amenities

Due to lack of sanitation facilities, cleanliness, etc, the slum residents have always witnessed significant loss of lives

Plagues, malaria, cholera, typhoid, jaundice, etc have always targeted the local residents

Epidemics & Other Disasters

Transforming Mumbai into a World Class CityResettlement & Rehabilitation Of Urban Poor

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Mumbais VisionTransforming Mumbai into a world class city with a vibrant economy and globally comparable quality of life.

Importance Of MumbaiCommercial and financial capital of IndiaGenerates 5% of Indias GDPContributes over 1/3rd of Indias tax revenuesThe two ports in Mumbai handle 1/3rd of the countrys total foreign tradeShares about 38% and 26% of international and domestic air traffic respectivelyContributes over Rs. 40,000 crore p.a. as taxes to Central GovernmentA very high rate of migration to Mumbai for employment

Rs. thousand Crore p.a.

Cus-tomsExciseIn-comeState Total

892513

Less than 1% of revenue generated in Mumbaiploughed back into cityMUMBAI contributes more than RS. 40,000 Crore annually to GoICen-tral 4255

Mumbai showing visible signs of decline

Engine of economic growth of country is losing out to other cities. Overburdened Transport System Proliferation of slums especially in sites reserved for essential infrastructureDeclining industrial and economic activitiesEncroachments surrounding the Airport leading to safety and security concerns Lack of affordable housing

15 Largest cities in the world, 2000-15

05,000,00010,000,00015,000,00020,000,00025,000,00030,000,000Tokyo MumbaiDhakaSo PauloDelhiMexico CityNew YorkCalcuttaKarachiLagosLos AngelesShanghaiMetro ManilaBeijingCairo

2015

2000

Population in Lakhs1961197119811991200114.0038.9932.8549.6031.74

67.5028.0030.9033.2688.00Island citySuburbsYearPopulation explosion adding pressure on existing infrastructure

35.00

115.00

2011

No. of vehicles registered in lacs198119912001

Mumbai - Mahim Junction Year

1.5219711961

0.61

Ever increasing vehicular growth choking the road corridors3.096.2310.3016.002011E

3 Key areas for Mumbais transformation

Transportinfrastructure

Civicinfrastructure

EconomicGrowth

Housing

Towards a world-class MumbaiSlum DevelopmentResettlement & Rehabilitation of SlumsMetro Rail MUTP I & IIMUIPWestern FreewayMumbai Trans-Harbour Link

12nd international airport Augmentation of water supplyUpgradation of drainage systemsNational Status to KEM Hospital

Resettlement and Rehabilitation

55% live in slums and 65 lakhs people do not have permanent shelter (Approximately 3000 Slums pockets)Slums and Encroachments affecting vital public projects12 lakhs houses needed to provide shelter to slum dwellersPresent Scenario of Housing

Land has become scarce. Vast tracts of lands are locked up due to CRZ regulations and salt pan leases.Thousands of buildings are in dilapidated conditions endangering the lives of lakhs of people

Slums affected by Vital Infrastructure Projects Implementation of MUTP and MUIP requires shifting of 58000 slum dwelling families comprising of about 3,50,000 population in the right of way of roads and safety margins on the rail corridorsAbout 23,000 slum dwelling families are affected by MUTPAbout 35,000 slum dwelling families are affected by MUIPMore than 80,000 slums surround the Airport require immediate rehabilitation

ProjectRequirementAlready shiftedYet to be shiftedMUTP 22, 829 14,0008,829MUIP 35, 0006,00029,000Total57, 829 20,00037,829

Current Status of Rehabilitation

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