munday copyright 20061 bound for glory: an environmental history of anacaonda, montana pat munday,...
TRANSCRIPT
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Munday copyright 2006 1
Bound for Glory:An Environmental History of
Anacaonda, MontanaPat Munday, PhD
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The ACM, Superfund, Next Stop?
• Anaconda within national context
• Landscape as social construction
• Problems and opportunities
• Landscape is the story we tell ourselves
about who we are.
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Munday copyright 2006 3Marcosson (1957)
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Marcus Daly (1841-1900)
• The Alice Mine (1876)• Demand for copper• The ACM• Butte “smoke wars”
Marcosson (1957)
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Anaconda, 1884
Kelly (1983)
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ACM: Vertical Integration
Mt Hist Soc Shay Petritz
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Anaconda, 1887
MT RR History
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Morris (1997)
Montana Hotel c. 1900
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Anaconda Brewery
BeerHistory.com
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Munday copyright 2006 10Courthouse c. 1900
Morris (1997)
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Morris (1997)
Daly’s Racetrack
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Kelly (1983)
Daly’s Tammany c. 1895
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The Changing Landscape,Main Street looking south
1900
Mt RR Hist
1909
Mt RR Hist
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U Washington Library
The Melting Pot Myth
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Smoke Wars
Anaconda Standard,1911
MacMillan (2000)
Washoe Reduction Works, 1903
MacMillan (2000)
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Munday copyright 2006 16Kelly (1983)
The Big Stack and
the bigger stack, 1918
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Munday copyright 2006 17BA&P, Durant Canyon c. 1902
Mutschler (2002)
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Morris (1997)
Smelter Hill Commuter c. 1906
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Mutschler (2002)
BA&P c. 1915
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Durant Station c. 1915
Mutschler (2002)
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Munday copyright 2006 21Pouring Anodes, 1942
Murphy (2003)
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Smelterwomen, 1944
Mercier (2001)
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The Changing Landscape,Main Street looking south
1909
Mt RR Hist
1950s
Mt RR Hist
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Montana NRDP
The End of an Era
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Munday copyright 2006 25Finn (1998)
War in Europe
(Peaked at 150,000 tons in 1916)
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The Superfund Era• CERCLA (EPA)
• CECRA (Mt NRDP)
• Anaconda Smelter-Community Soils (1983 1987-98)• Stream Side Tailings (1983 1995)• Clark Fork River (1985 2004)
• Natural Resource Damage suit filed (1983)• Partial settlement (1998)
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Mt NRDP
Silver Bow Creek – Tailings Removal
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Questionable Arsenic Levels
• Anaconda = 500 mg/kg• Lingering concerns re:
attic & wall dust• Bi-Mart fiasco with
“brownfield”• Social Justice issues?
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
< 10 11.-29 30-99 100-399
Fre
quen
cy
Cleanup Levels (mg/kg)Davis et al (2001)
X
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Old Works Golf Course
EPA
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Natural Resource Damage Program
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NRD Program
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Mt NRDP
Anaconda Uplands Injury
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Mt NRDP
Watershed Land Acquisition
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Next Stop?
• Ecological restoration as social reconstruction
• Sustainable use of natural resources
• Recreational amenities
• Good schools
• Pleasant towns
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Recreational Amenities
Hans Will
Dick Wright
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Discovery Ski Area
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Library of Congress
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Questions?
I. The ACM EraACM overview
Town of Anaconda
Changing landscape
BA&P
Wartime
The end of an era
II. The Superfund EraCERCLA (EPA)
CECRA (Mt NRDP)
III. Next Stop?
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Print Sources• Davis, Andy et al. “Policy Analysis: An Analysis of Soil Arsenic Records of Decision”
Environmental Science & Technology 35 (2001): 2401-2407.
• Finn, Janet L. Tracing the Veins (University of California Press, 1998).
• Kelly, Matt. Anaconda: Montana’s Copper City (Butte, Montana: Soroptimist Club of Anaconda/Artcraft Printing, 1983).
• MacMillan, Donald. Smoke Wars: Anaconda Copper, Montana Air Pollution, and the Courts, 1890-1920 (Helena, MT: Montana Historical Press).
• Marcosson, Isaac F. Anaconda (NY: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1957).
• Mercier, Laura. Anaconda: Labor, Community, and Culture in Montana’s Smelter City (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2001).
• Mitchell, Don. “Writing the Western: New Western History’s Encounter with Landscape.” Ecumene 5 (1998): 7-29.
• Morris, Patrick F. Anaconda, Montana: Copper Smelting Boom Town on the Western Frontier (Bethesda, MD: Swann Publishing, 1997).
• Munday, Pat. Montana’s Last Best River: The Big Hole and its People (Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2001).
• Murphy, Mary. Hope in Hard Times (Helena, MT: Montana Historical Press, 2003).
• Mutschler, Charles V. Wired for Success: The Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway, 1892-1985 (Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 2002).