municipal solid waste
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MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE. Management & Practices. Er. Chinmoy Chakraborty Asssitant Engineer (Mech) Agartala Municipal Corporation. What is MSW. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Management & Practices
Er. Chinmoy ChakrabortyAsssitant Engineer (Mech)
Agartala Municipal Corporation
What is MSW
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) more commonly known as trash or garbage consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. This garbage is generated mainly from residential and commercial complexes. With rising urbanization and change in lifestyle and food
What is MSW
habits, the amount of municipal solid waste has been increasing rapidly and its composition changing. In 1947 cities and towns in India generated an estimated 6 million tones of solid waste, in 2012 it is about 160 million tones. This comes from our homes, schools, hospitals, and businesses. Municipal Solid Waste does have four broad category-Organic, Toxic, Recyclable, BMW.
What is MSW
Organic Waste : kitchen waste, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits etc.
Toxic Waste : Old medicines, paints, chemicals,
bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer pesticide containers, batteries
etc. Recyclable : Paper, glass, metals, plastics. BMW : Hospital waste such as cloth
soiled with blood and other body fluids.
Approximate Decomposition Time of Waste Type of Waste Degeneration Time
Organic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels, leftover foodstuff, etc. a week or two.
Paper 10–30 days Cotton cloth 2–5 months
Wood 10–15 years
Woolen items 1 year
Tin, aluminum, and other metal items such as cans 100–500 years
Plastic bags one million years
Glass bottles undetermined
Management for MSW
Management is the collection, transportation, processing, recycling and disposal, monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetic. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive substances.
Management for MSW
Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.
Open Dumping Open Dumping
Compost (14%)98 % 30%
7.0
Transfer Station(Compaction)
Transfer Station(Compaction)
Resource Recovery
Transfer Station
SANITARY LANDFILL
NH4
Ground Water
16.0
Recyclable Inorganic & Others Organic Recyclable Inorganic & Others Organic
56%
MSW Management
Scientific Dumping Scientific Dumping
OPEN GROUND
Disposal & Processing
MSW rules 2000 clearly specifies “DISPOSAL” in terms of the specified manner so as to prevent contamination of ground water, surface water and ambient air quality. ULB’s responsibility is to adopt suitable technology of combination of technologies to make use of waste so as to minimize the burden of landfill.
Disposal & Processing
Few Technology Options:
Technology Status Sanitary Landfill with recovery of organic waste
A good option. Most of the Ulbs are adopting this option.
Vermiculture Practical for small volume of waste. Large area is required.
Power Generation through bio-methanation
Can be used for source segregated food waste with low CN ratio
An aerobic digestion for organic manure
There is a risk factor of waste water discharge
Modern Sanitary Landfill
Landfill Structure Disposal and Processing
Scientific landfill must have following infrastructure facilities1.Approach Roads 2.Weigh Bridge 3.Administrative Building & Laboratory4.Site Drainage 5.Leachate Collection & Treatment 6.Landfill Gas Collection 7.Monitoring Network
Disposal and Processing
Waste from the city are to be carried in perfectly covered condition by using Compactors etc. All carried waste are initially be stacked on concrete yard protected by surrounding drainage system. Entire quantity of waste collected passes through the processes -
Sanitization
Disposal and Processing
Bioconversion & value enhancement Segregation of recyclable item Bio degradable waste (moisture content <
20%) finally goes to mechanical plant Mechanical plant does have certain process
where further segregation is done while waste moves through different sizes trommel/scanner.
Disposal and Processing
Trenching Method Anaerobic Enclosed Hall Method Closed Box or Tunnel Method Windrow Composting with weekly turning for aeration either by lifting ,shifting or turning
Disposal and Processing Types of Compost
Disposal and Processing
Compost Plant with Trommel & Conveyor
Disposal and Processing
After the composting process is over the rejects are taken to the Landfill in which no. of cells are made to run for a certain period. The base liner of each cell at initial layer is a composite liner comprising of 50 cm highly compacted soil. Over this a Geo-synthetic Clay Liner (GCL) is used to prevent ground water pollution.
Landfill
Disposal and Processing
A 1.5 mm HDPE Geo membrane is placed over the GCL. Leachate collection system is placed over the Geo-membrane with other additional layers of Gravel, Geo Textile etc. to make it perfectly impermeable.
Landfill
Disposal and Processing Closure
After the Landfill Cell is fully filled up it is to be properly capped. The various layers are placed on the waste as gravel of 200 mm thick, soil layer 600 mm thick, 1 mm thick HDPE liner. Over that a 150 mm gravel layer is placed as a drainage layer then a soil layer of 400 mm thick is placed for vegetation, plantation etc. for a pleasing look
Disposal and Processing
Landfill site after Scientific Closure
Primary Collection Road Sweeping D2D Collection Improvement of waste collection from slum areaa. Handling of other waste
Construction Debris Drainage silt
Disposal and processing
Technical Steps for handling MSW :
Effective Transportation with GPS Tracking Waste Segregation Waste Processing Compost Plant Sanitary Landfill with Leachate Treatment. Handling of BMW. Education & Awareness
Disposal and Processing
Technical Steps for handling MSW :
AN OVERVIEW OF SWM OF AGARTLA
Source of Waste Generation Quantity/Day
Household 80 MT/Day
Street Littering 15 MT/Day
Hotels & Restaurants 20 MT/Day
Vegetable Market 30 MT/Day
Other Commercial Establishment 15 MT/Day
Total 250 MT/Day
Statistics
Parameters Quantity in percentage
Weight in Tons
Compostable organics 72.5 182.25
Recyclable 2.8 7.00
Metal & Glass 1.50 3.75
Plastics 6.50 16.25
Inerts & Others 16.70 41.75
Total 250.00
Statistics
Primary Collection NGOs to collect household waste generally
kitchen waste from the household bins (distributed to house hold from AMC’s end) and transport through tricycle van/ auto tipper to dispose off primarily in the community bins of capacity 1.1/4.5 cum available in the main roads
No of NGOs- 20
User Charge per Household : Rs. 30 PM
Collection & Transportation
Primary Collection Hotel, restaurants and other commercial
establishments are also covered in door to door collection.
No of NGOs : 01
User Charge : Rs. 250 PM All vegetable markets are also covered by NGOs
No of NGOs : 10
Collection & Transportation
1.1 cum & 4.5 Cum container
Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Collection & Transportation
Refuse Compactor 8 cum Refuse Compactor 14 cum
Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Refuse Collector 8 cum Dumper Placer
Collection & Transportation
Secondary Collection
Auto Tipper Sweeping Machine
600 nos. 1.1 cum container and 60 nos. 4.5 cum metallic community bins are placed across the city.
21 nos. refuse compactor to transport waste from 1.1 cum capacity CB.
6 nos. dumper placer for transportation of waste from 4.5 cum capacity CB.
18 open tipper truck for transportation of waste 10 nos. mini auto tipper are in the service of
door to door collection
Collection & Transportation
Most of the vehicles movement are tracked with GPS system namely vehicle tracking system introduced in the year 2012.
To handle debris, construction material 6 nos. skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe loader are utilized which minimizes manpower & time
De-siltation is being done using 2 nos. De-silting Machines comprising 4 dump tanks. Work is in progress for covered and un covered drains.
Collection & Transportation
BMW (Bio Medical Waste) is collection done through 02 nos. specialized vehicle from 65 nos. of hospitals, pathological labs, clinic and incinerated in out incinerator at Hapania.
To handle debris, construction material 6 nos. skid steer loader along with 02 nos. back hoe loader are utilized which minimizes manpower & time.
Collection & Transportation
Desilting Machine
Collection & Transportation
Skid Steer Loader & Back Hoe Loader
Collection & Transportation
Collection & Transportation BMW Collection-Transportation Vehicle –Processing in Incinerator
20 nos. TATA Ace based hopper type mini tipper will shortly be inducted in the door to service which will be made departmental activity to ensure cent percent D2D collection across the whole AMC area .
Setting of “Design, Build and Operate basis 250 TPD Solid Waste Processing Plant is in progress at Devendra Chandra Nagar.
02 nos. new 14 cum refuse compactor will be inducted in the service.
Latest Initiatives
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