mus culo skeletal
TRANSCRIPT
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Terminologi • Lengan atas : Brachii/arm• Lengan bawah : Ante brachii/fore arm• Pergelangan tangan: wrist/ carpalia• Tangan : Manus/hand
– Metacarpal– Digiti (os. Phalanx)/finger
• Tungkai atas : Femoris/thigh• Tungkai bawah: Cruris/leg• Pergelangan kaki: ankle/Tarsalia• Kaki : Pedis/foot
– Metatarsal– Digiti (os phalanx)
• Jari 1 tangan : Pollicis (Pollux)• Jari 5 tangan : Digiti minimi• Jari 1 kaki : Hallucis (hallux)
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Terdiri dari
• Sendi bahu• Sendi siku• Sendi pergelangan
tangan• Sendi tangan
(interphalanx)
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Humerus
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Sendi bahu
• Terdiri dari beberapa tulang dan sendi
• Sendi utama : articulatio glenohumeri
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GERAKAN PADA SENDI BAHU
1.Gerak EXTENSIotot utama (prime mover) yang bekerja :m. latissimus dorsi (1)m. teres mayor (2)m. deltoid pars posterior
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2. Gerak FLEXIPrime mover:
- m. deltoideus pars anterior (1)
- m. coracobrachialis (2)
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3. Gerak ABDUKSIPrime mover:- m. deltoid pars media- m. supraspinatus
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4. Gerak ADDUKSIPrime mover:- m. pectoralis mayor- m. latissimus dorsi
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5. Gerak Eksorotasi (rotasi eksterna
Prime mover:m. infraspinatus (1)m. teres minor (2)
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6. Gerak endorotasi (rotasi interna)Prime mover: - m. subscapularis - m. teres mayor- m. latisimus dorsi- m. pectoralis mayor
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7. Gerak Elevasi ScapulaPrime mover:m. trapezius (1)m. levator scapulae (2)
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8. Gerak RetraksiPrime mover:
m. rhomboid may (1)m. rhomboid min (2)
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9. Gerak ProtraksiPrime mover:m. serratus ant.
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Gerak circumdictio
• Merupakan gabungan dari semua gerakan bahu
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Otot rotator cuff• Fungsi memutar dan
menarik caput humeri, terdiri dari:– M. supraspinatus– M. infraspinatus– M. subscapularis– M. teres minor
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Articulatio CUBITI (SIKU)
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• Ada 3 Persendian1. Artic. Humeroulnar2. Artic. Humeroradial3. Artic. Radioulnar
jenis sendi :- Hinge (Gynglimus)- Pivot (Trochoidea)
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GERAK ARTICULATIO CUBITI
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Gerak supinasi dan pronasi
3. Gerak SupinasiPrime mover:
m. biceps brachii (1)m. supinator (2)
4. Gerak PronasiPrime mover:m. pronator teres (1)m. pronator quadratus (2)
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Gerak flexi dan extensi
1. Gerak FlexiPrime mover:m. Biceps brachii (1)m. Brachialis (2)
2. Gerak ExtensiPrime mover:m. triceps
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PERGELANGAN TANGAN (WRIST)
• Fungsi Pergelangan tangan mengontrol posisi tangan dapat bergerak ke segala arah
Tulang pergelangan tangan (os.carpalia)
- Ada 8 buah- Menghubungkan lengan bawah
(ante brachii) dengan tangan melalui 3 persendian
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• 3 persendian pada pergelangan tangan1. Radio – carpal2. Radio – ulnar3. Intercarpalia
• Jika digabung menjadi sendi condyloid sendi utama : RADIOCARPAL
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GERAK PADA PERGELANGAN TANGAN
Flexi Extensi Deviasi radial Deviasi ulnar pronasi supinasi
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Flexi pergelangan tangan
• M. Flexor carpi ulnaris• M. Flexor carpi radialis• M. Palmaris longus
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Extensi pergelangan tangan
• M. Extensor carpi radialis longus dan brevis• M. Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Otot intrinsik
Terdiri dari 3 grup otot1. Grup thenar2. Grup hypothenar3. mm. Interossei dan
mm. lumbricales
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Otot ekstrinsik semua otot yang ada di lengan bawah (ante brachii) kecuali :- m. supinator- m. pronator- m. brachioradialis
Terdiri dari grup flexor dan extensor
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• Grup flexor(2). m. flexor digitorum profundus tendo: berinsersi pada basis phalanx distal
(1). m.flexor digitorum superficalis tendo: berinsersi pada phalanx media dengan berbentuk “V”
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Grup extensor
Tendo extensor berjalan dibawah retinaculum extensorTerdiri dari :• m.extensor digitorum comunis• m. extensor indicis• m. extensor digiti minimi
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• Grup otot Thenar (area pollicis) gerakan pollicis1. Abductor pollicis brevis2. flexor pollicis brevis3. opponen pollicis4 adductor pollicis
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• Grup otot hypothenar (area digiti minimi)gerakan digiti minimi1. abductor digiti minimi2. flexor digiti minimi3. opponen digiti minimi (letaknya di
bawah otot 1 dan 2)4. Palmaris brevis
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SENDI PANGGUL (hip)
Persendian antara caput femur dan acetabulum
Jenis sendi :spheroideal Gerak pada 3 bidang
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Hip joint
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• Coxae terdiri dari :- ilium- ischium- pubis
• Pada anak terpisah
Pertemuan ke 3 tulang tersebut pada:acetabulum
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Articulatio coxae
• dibungkus oleh capsul articulatio yang tebal
• diperkuat oleh ligamen• bagian dalam capsul
dilapisi oleh membran synovial mencegah terjadi penekanan pada synovial
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Gerakan pada sendi panggul- flexi- extentio- abductio- adductio- internal rotatio (endorotatio)- external rotatio (exorotatio)- circumdictio
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• Gerak Flexi panggulPrime mover:m. iliopsoas :1. m. psoas mayor2. m. iliacus
• Gerak extensor panggulPrime mover :1.m.Gluteus maximus
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• Gerak abductio panggulPrime mover :m. gluteus medius
• Gerak adductio panggulPrime mover:m. adductor longus (3)
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• Gerak flexi, abductio dan exorotatio pada posisi flexi articulatio genuPrime mover :
m. sartorius
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• Gerak abductio panggul pada posisi flexi panggul
prime mover:m. tensor fasciae latae
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• Gerak internal rotatio (endorotatio)otot utama :m. gluteus minimusm. tensor fasciae latae
• Gerak external rotasi
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ARTICULATIO GENU (KNEE)
• Dibentuk oleh femur dan tibia
• Jenis persendian “condyloid” biaxial
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• Gerakan pada articulatio genu- flexi- extensi- internal rotation- external rotation
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Gerak extensi articulatio genuPrime mover :m. quadriceps femoris
• 1. m. rectus femoris• 2. m. vastus intermedius• 3. m. vastus medialis• 4. m. vastus lateralis
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• Gerak flexi articulatio genuPrime mover:m. hamstring:-m.semitendinosus(2)-m.semimembranosus(3)-m.biceps femoris(4)
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Gerak endorotasi genu
• M. popliteus
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Pergelangan kaki (ankle) dankaki (pedis/foot)
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• Pergelangan kaki dibentuk oleh
- persendian tibia- fibula distal
- persendian antara tibia dan talus
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Jumlah tulang kaki
26 buah :- 7 tulang tarsal- 5 tulang metatarsal- 14 tulang phalanx (setiap jari disusun
3 tulang kecuali jari I disusun 2 tulang)
• Posterior : calcaneus dan talus• Media : cuneiforme (3),
cuboid, naviculare• Anterior : metatarsal (5), phalanx
(14)
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Ligamen pergelangan kaki
1. sisi lateral- lig. Talofibular anterior
- lig. Calcaneofibular- lig. Talofibular posterior
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Ligamen Pergelangan kaki(Ankle)
2. pada sisi medial (lebih kuat)
lig. Deltoid 4 ligamen - lig. Tibionavicular - lig. Talotibial anterior
- lig. calcaneotibial - lig.Talotibial posterior
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OTOT INTRINSIK KAKI- m. lumbricales- m. flexor hallucis brevis
- m. flexor digitorum brevis- m. flexor digiti quinti brevis
- m. extensor digitorum brevis- m. interossei dorsales dan plantares
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Gerak flexi metatarsophalangeal
otot utama :m. lumbricales(1)m. flexor hallucis longus(2)
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• Otot pada pergelangan kaki dan kaki otot ekstrinsik dan intrinsik
OTOT EKSTRINSIK(posterior, lateral, anterior, medial)KELOMPOK POSTERIOR superficial
1. triceps surae (m.gastrocnemius, m.plantaris, m. soleus)
gerakan :plantarflexi
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Gerak plantar flexi
• M. triceps surae-m.gastrocnemius- m.plantaris- m. soleus
-
tendo achilles
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KELOMPOK MEDIAL (POSTERIOR profundus)
m. tibialis posteriorm. flexor digitorum longusm. flexor hallucis longus
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Gerak inversi kakiPrime mover:
m. tibialis posterior
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Gerak flexi interphalangeal
• Prime mover-m.flexor digitorum longus(1)-m.flexor digitorum brevis(2)-m.flexor hallucis longus(3)
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Kelompok lateral:gerak Eversi
Gerak eversi kakiPrime mover:
- m. peroneus longus(1)- m. peroneus brevis(2)
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KELOMPOK ANTERIOR
–m. tibialis anterior –m. extensor digitorum longus–m. extensor hallucis longus- m. peronius tertius
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Gerak dorsiflexi dan inversi kaki
Otot utama:m.Tibialis anterior
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Gerak extensi metatarsophalangeal
• Otot utamam. extensor digitorum longus (1)m. extensor hallucis longus (3)