MUSCLES

Activity 1Write down as many muscles as you can and identify where on the body the muscle is located

WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE MUSCLES WE NEED TO LEARN ?

1.DELTOID 7. TRAPEZIUS2.PECTORALS 8. LATISSIMUS DORSI3.BICEPS 9. GLUTEALS4.TRICEPS 10. HAMSTRINGS5.ABDOMINALS 11. GASTROCNEMIUS6.QUADRICEPS

Activity 2There are types of muscle tissue or classification of muscle type, name them?

Also give an example for each

MUSCLE FIBRESThere are 2 types of muscles fibre:• Fast twitch• Slow twitch

What are the characteristics of these 2 types and which athletes require which type

Muscle fibres and sporting activitySPORTS REQUIRING SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRES INCLUDE…

Muscle fibres and sporting activitySPORTS REQUIRING FAST TWITCH MUSCLEFIBRES INCLUDE…

MUSCLE FIBRESSLOW TWITCH FIBRES are deep red in colour and they have a good oxygen supply to the working muscle

FAST TWITCH FIBRES are white and work much more quickly, but they also tire more quickly

1.Stand up on tip-toes for as long as you can before you tire and put you feet flat back on the floor

TIME THESE TWO TESTS

2.Now raise one leg so the knee is bent at 90 degrees the other foot should remain flat on the floor

How long did you manage, in relation to the muscles contraction and the fibres themselves what do you think is going on?

The first wasn’t as long because the Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles being contracted have a high proportion of fast twitch muscle fibres

When the foot is flat these muscles aren’t now contracted so can last a long time before tiring

UNDERSTANDING MUSCLESA feature of muscle fibres is that they can contract,or pull against the skeleton.

What they cannot do is push.

Most muscles are long and thin, but when theycontract they get SHORTER and THICKER.

CHECK YOUR BICEP MUSCLE !

Muscles and Movement

Activity 3For the following muscles give the bones that are the origin and the insertion for that muscle

• Bicep• Tricep• Deltoid

ORIGIN INSERTION

SCAPULA RADIUSHUMERUS ULNACLAVICLE HUMERUS

Muscles and Movement

The ends of the bones that form a joint are covered with smooth material calledCARTILAGE, which reduces friction betweenthe bones

Bones are joined to other bones by LIGAMENTS, which are elastic and help to support the joint.

Because muscles cannot push, to make joints work, they are arranged in pairs called ANTAGONISTIC PAIRS.

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THE BEST EXAMPLE OF ANTAGONISTIC PAIRSOF MUSCLES ARE THE BICEPS and TRICEPS.

At the elbow, in order to bend the arm, the BICEPS contract (shorten) while the TRICEPS relax (lengthen).

Activity 4Define Muscle Tone?

Muscle cells are never all resting at the same time. Some are always ready for action, day and night.

Activity 5Define the following terms which relate to movement of limbs:• Flexion• Extension• Rotation• Adduction• Abduction

Muscle ContractionWhat are the 3 types of muscle contraction give an example for each form of contraction

1.ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS

2. ISOTONIC ECCENTRIC

3. ISOTONIC CONCENTRIC

• Isometric contraction is where the muscle stays the same length during contraction, or when activity is being carried out. Tension occurs in the muscle but the distance between the ends stays the same.

• Isotonic Concentric contraction is where the muscle shortens when performing an action. There is obvious movement when the ends of the muscle move closer together.

• Isotonic Eccentric contraction is occurs when the muscles lengthen under tension. The ends of the muscle moves further away during an action.