Muscles , Action, Origin,

Insertion, Intervationstudy guide:)

Frontalis • action: raises eyebrows ,

wrinkles forehead skin

horizontally

• Origin: Epicranial

aponeurosis

• Insertion: skin of eyebrows

and root of nose

• Intervation: cranial nerve 7

Occipitalis

• Action: pulls scalp posteriorly

• Origin: Occipital and temporal

bones

• Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis

• Intervation: cranial nerve 7

Orbicularis Oculi

• Action: produces blinking,

squinting, draws eyebrows

inferiorly

• Origin: frontal and maxillary

bones and ligaments around

orbit

• Insertion: tissue of eyelid

• Intervation: cranial nerve 7

Zygomatic minor

action: elevates upper lip

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: skin and muscle at

corner of the mouth

intervation: cranial nerve 7

Zygomaticus MAJOR

• Action: Action: smiling muscle

• Origin:lateral fascia associated

with master muscles

• Insertion: akin at angle of

mouth

• intervation: cranial nerve 7

Risorius • Action: draws corner of lip laterally, tenses lip

• Origin: lateral fascia associated with master muscles

• insertion: skin at angle of mouth

• intervation : cranial nerve 7

Levator Labii Superioris

• Action: raises upper lip

• Origin: Zygomatic bone and

infraorbital margin of maxilla

• Insertion: skin and muscle of

lower lip

• intervation: cranial nerve 7

Depressor Labii Inferioris

• Action: draws lower lip

inferiorly

• Origin: Body of mandible

lateral to its midline

• Insertion: skin and muscle of

lower lip

• Intervation: Cranial nerve 7

Orbicularis Oris

• Action: closes lips, “Duck

Face” muscle

• Origin arises indirectly from

maxilla and mandible

• Insertion: encircles mouth:

inserts into muscles and skin

at angles of the mouth

• intervation: cranial nerve 7

Buccinators

• Used in whistling and sucking,

well developed in nursing

infants

• origin: molar region of maxilla

and mandible

• Insertion: orbicularious Oris

• Intervation: cranial nerve 7

Platysma

• Action: pulls lower lip back and

down, tenses skin of neck

during shaving , depress

mandible

• Origin: fascia of chest (over

pectoral muscle and deltoid)

• Insertion: lower margin of

mandible , and skin and

muscle at corner of mouth

• Intervation: Cranial nerve 7

Masseter

• action: prime mover of jaw

closure , elevates mandible ,

used in Mastication

• Origin: Zygomatic arch and

zygomatic bone

• Insertion: angle and ramus

of mandible

• Intervation: Trigeminal nerve

Temporalis

• Action: closes jaw , elevates

and retracts mandible

• Origin: temporal fossa

• Insertion: coronoid process of

mandible via tendon that

passes deep to zygomatic

arch

• Intervation: trigeminal nerve

Sternocleidomastoid

• Action: prime mover of active head

flexion, contraction of both muscles

causes neck flexion , acting alone

each muscle rotates head toward

shoulder on opposite side

• origin: manubrium of sternum and

medial portion of clavicle

• insertion: mastoid process of

temporal bone and superior

nuchal line of occipital bone

• intervation : Accessory nerve and

branches of cervical spinal

nerves C2 and C3

external intercostals

• Action: elevates the rib cage

and aid in inspiration,

synergist of the diaphragm

• Origin: inferior border of rib

above

• Insertion: superior border of rib

below

• Intervation: intercostal nerves

Diaphragm • Action : prime mover of

inspiration

• Origin: inferior , internal surface

of rib cage and sternum , costal

cartilages of last six ribs and

lumbar vertebrae

• Insertion: central tendon

• Intervation: phrenic nerve

internal intercostals

• Action: depress the rib cage

and aid in forced expiration

• Origin: superior border of rib

below

• Insertion: inferior border(

coastal groove) of rib above

• Intervation: intercostal nerves

Rectus abdominis

• Action: flex the lumbar region

of the vertebral column,

increase intra-abdominal

pressure

• Origin: pubic crest and

symphysis

• Insertion: Xiphoid process and

costal cartilages of ribs 5-7

• Intervation Intercostal nerves

• ( T6 or T7-T12)

External Oblique • Action: when both muscles contract

simultaneously they aid the rectus

abdomens in flexing the vertebral

column and in compressing the

abdominal wall, acting individually

each muscle produces lateral flexion

of the trunk

• Origin: by fleshy strips from outer

surfaces of lower eight ribs

• Insertion: most fibers insert into

line alba via a board aponeurosis

• Intervation: internal costal nerves

• (T7-T12)

Internal Oblique

• Action: same as the external

oblique

• Origin: Lumbar fascia , iliac

crest and inguinal ligaments

• Insertion: Linea alba, pubic

crest, last three or four ribs,

and costal margin

• Intervation: Intercostal

nerves (T7-T12) and L11

Transversus abdominis

• Action: same as the external

oblique

• Origin: inguinal ligament,

lumbar fascia, cartilages of last

six : iliac crest

• Insertion: linea alba , pubic

crest

• intervation : Intercostal nerves

(t2-T12) and L1

Pectoralis minor

• Action: draws the scapula

forward and downward when

the ribs are fixed with scapula

fixed, acts as accessory

muscle of inspiration

• Origin: anterior surface of ribs

3-5

• insertion : coracoid process of

scapula

• Intervation : medial and lateral

pectoral nerves (C6-C8)

Serratus anterior

“the Boxer’s muscle” • action: protracts and holds the

scapula against chest wall.

Fixes shoulder for horizontal

arm movement

• Origin: by a series of muscles

slips from ribs 1-8 (or 9)

• Insertion: entire anterior

surface of vertebral border of

scapula

• Intervation: Long thoracic

nerve (C5 - C7)

Trapezius

• Action: raise scapula , adduct

scapula , depresses scapula.

• Origin : midline of axial

skeleton C7-T12

• Insertion: along accordion and

spine of scapula and lateral

third of clavicle

• intervation: Accessory nerve

Pectoralis major

• Action: flexion, adduct, and

medially rotate at the shoulder

• Origin: Sternal end of clavicle ,

sternum, cartilages of ribs 1-6

and aponerosis of external

oblique muscle

•

Latissimus dorsi

“widest muscle of the back • Action: Extension, adduction, and

medially rotate arm at shoulder

• origin: indirect attachment via

lumbodorsal fascia into spines of

lower six thoracic vertebrae , lower 3

to 4 ribs, and iliac crest; also from

scapula’s inferior angles

• insertion: Spirals around teres major

to insert in floor of tubercular groove

of humerus

Deltoid

• Action: prime mover of arm

abduction

• Origin: Embraces insertion of

the trapezius ‘ lateral end of

clavicle ; accordion and spine

of scapula

• insertion: deltoid tuberosity of

humerus

• intervation: axillary nerve (C5-

C6)

Teres major

(“ Minnie Lat”)

• action: extension , adducts

and medially rotates the arm

• Origin: posterior surface of

scapula at inferior angle

• Insertion: crest of lesser

tubercle on anterior humerus ;

insertion tendon fused with

that of latipsiimus dorsi

Triceps brachii

“three bellies”

• Action: prime mover of forearm

extension

• Origin: Shaft of humerus

• Insertion: by common tendons

into olecranon ulna

• Intervation: Radial nerve ( C6-

C8)

biceps brachii

“two bellies”

• Action: flexes elbow joint (

supnation)

• Origin: Coracoid process

• Insertion: by common tendon

into radial tuberosity

• Intervation: musculocutaneous

nerve (C5- C6)

Brachialis

deep to biceps

• action: major forearm flexor

• Origin: front distal humerus :

embraces insertion og deltoid

muscle

• Insertion coronoid process of

ulna and capsules at elbow

joint

• Intervation:musculocutaneous

nerve

Brachioradialis

• Action: synergist in forearm

flexion

• Origin : lateral supracondylar

ridge at distal end of humerus

• Insertion: base of radial styloid

process

• Intervation: radial nerve

Iliopsoas

• Action: prime mover for flexing

the thigh or for flexing the

trunk on the thigh during a

bow

• Origin: iliac fossa and crest

• Insertion: lesser trochanter of

femur bia iliopsoas

• Intervation: Femoral nerve (L2

and L3)

Sartorius

crosses lateral to medial• action: when sitting used to

cross one leg over the other

“tailer’s muscle”

• Origin: anterior superior iliac

spine

• Insertion: winds around medial

aspects of knee and inserts

into medial aspect of proximal

tibia

• Intervation: femoral nerve

Adductor muscles

• Action: adducts the thighs

• Origin: pubic rami

• Insertion: linea aspera

• Intervation: Obturator nerve

Gracilis

• Action: adducts the thigh

• Origin: inferior ramus and

body of pubis and adjacent

ischial ramus

• Insertion: medial surface of

tibia just inferior to its medial

condyle

• Intervation: Obturator nerve

Rectus Femoris

(Quadriceps formoris)

• “feather muscle”

• Action: extends the knee and

flexes the thigh

• Origin: anterior inferior iliac

spine and superior margin of

acetabulum

• Insertion: patella and tibial

tuberosity via patellar ligament

• Intervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus Lateralis

(Quadriceps formoris)

• Action: extends the knee

• Origin:greater trochanter,

intertrochanteric line ( femur)

• Insertion: patella and tibial

tuberosity via patellar ligament

• Intervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus Medialis

• Action: extends the knee

• Quadriceps formoris

• Origin: Linea aspera;

intertrochanteric line, linea

aspera , femur

• Insertion: patella and tibial

tuberosity via patella ligament

• Intervation: Femoral nerve

Vastus intermedius

• Action: extends the knee

• Quadriceps formoris

• Origin: anterior and lateral

surfaces of proximal femur shaft

• insertion : patella and tibial

tuberosity via patella ligament

• Intervation:femoral nerve

gluteus maximus

• Action: major extensor of the

thigh

• Origin: dorsal ilium , sacrum,

and coccyx

• Insertion: Gluteal Tuberosity of

femur ; iliotibial tract

• intervation: Inferior gluteal

nerve

Gluteus medius

• Action: abducts the thigh

• Origin: between anterior and

posterior gluteal lines on

lateral surfaces of ilium

• Insertion: by short tendon into

lateral aspect of greater

trochanter of femur

• Intervation: Superior Gluteal

Nerve

Biceps Femoris

• Hamstring

• Action: extends the thigh and

flexes the knee

• Origin: Ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: common tendon

passes downward and laterally

forming lateral border of

popliteal fossa to insert into

head of fibula and lateral

condyle of tibia

• Intervation: Sciatic nevre

Semitendinsosus

• hamstring

• Action: extends the thigh and

flexes the knee

• Origin : ischial tuberosity

• Insertion: medial aspect ofm

upper tibial shaft

• Intervation: sciatic nerve

Semimembranosus • hamstring

• Action: extends the thigh and

flexes the knee

• Insertion: ischial tuberosity

• insertion: medial condyle of

tibia via oblique popliteal

ligaments to lateral condyle of

femur

• intervation: sciatic nerve

• Most Medial

tibialis anterior

• Action: prime mover of

dorsiflexion

• Origin: lateral Condyle and

upper 2/3 of tibial shaft:

interosseous membrane

• Insertion: by tendon into

inferior surface of medial

cuneiform and first metatarsal

bone

• Intervation: deep fibular nerve

Gastrocnemius

• Action: plantar flexes the foot

• Origin: by the two heads from

medial and lateral condyles of

femur

• Insertion: Posterior calcaneus

via calcaneal tendon

• Intervation: tibial nerve

Soleus

• Action: plantar flexes the foot

• Origin : extensive origin from

superior tibia, fibula , and

interosseous membrane

• Insertion: posterior calcaneus

via calcaneal tendon

• Intervation: Tibial nerve