mushroom pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals a presentation by mr allah dad khan former director...
TRANSCRIPT
D R . ISH R AT N A Z
D EPA RTM EN T O F PLA N T PATH O LO G YTH E U N IV ER S ITY O F A G R IC U LTU R E, P ES HAWA R
K H Y BER PA K TH U N K H WA
Mushroom pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals
Mushrooms
Often grouped with vegetables, mushrooms provide many of the nutritional attributes of produce, as well as attributes more commonly found in meat, beans or grains.
Medicinal component of mushrooms
Mushrooms are relatively high in proteins of good quality, containing all essential amino acids and are rich in lysine and leucine, which most staple cereal foods are either low in or lacking.
Mushrooms are excellent source of folic acid.
Medicinal component of mushrooms
Mushrooms are low: In calories, Fat-free, Cholesterol-free, Gluten-free, and very low in sodium, Yet they provide important nutrients, including selenium,
potassium (8%), riboflavin, niacin, vitamin D and more. They have a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy 94 kJ (22 kcal)Carbohydrates 4.3 gFat 0.1 gProtein 2.5 gVitaminsThiamine (B1) (9%) 0.1 mgRiboflavin (B2) (42%) 0.5 mgNiacin (B3) (25%) 3.8 mgPantothenic acid (B5) (30%) 1.5 mgVitamin C (0%) 0 mgTrace mineralsCalcium (2%) 18 mgPhosphorus (17%) 120 mgPotassium (10%) 448 mgSodium (0%) 6 mgZinc (12%) 1.1 mg
Medicinal component of mushrooms
Mushrooms are a good source of B vitamins.B vitamins also play an important role in the nervous system.Pantothenic acid helps with the production of hormones and
also plays an important role in the nervous system.Riboflavin helps maintain healthy red blood cells.Niacin promotes healthy skin and makes sure the digestive and
nervous systems function properly.
Medicinal component of mushrooms
Mushrooms are also a source of important minerals:Selenium is a mineral that works as an antioxidant to
protect body cells from damage that might lead to heart disease, some cancers and other diseases of aging.
It also has been found to be important for the immune system.
Medicinal component of mushrooms
Ergothioneine is a naturally occurring antioxidant that also may help protect the body’s cells.
Mushrooms provide 2.8-4.9 mg of ergothioneine per serving of white, portabella or crimini mushrooms.
Medicinal component of mushrooms
Copper helps make red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body. Copper also helps keep bones and nerves healthy.
Potassium: (98-376 mg of potassium per 84 gram serving)Maintenance of normal fluid and mineral balance, which helps
control blood pressure.
Beta-glucans: Contribute to resistance agai.nst allergies
(Mushrooms) Beta-glucans
Nutraceuticals
Nutraceuticals:The term nutraceutical refers to the functional foods that are
consumed as a part of the normal diet.
Mushrooms are nutraceuticals. Nutraceutical possess medicinal as well as nutritional attributes. E.g Ganoderma medicines or capsules.
Reishi: Ganoderma lucidum
Widely used Nutraceutical Mushroom
Lowering the blood pressureLowering the level of blood sugarAnti-tumorImmuno-modulatoryHematoprotective activitiesIncreasing body resistanceImprove hearing and sight
(Singh et al., 2007; Singh et al., 2008; Singh et al., 2009).
Mushroom as Pharmaceuticals
When a chemically defined preparation with medicinal properties is obtained such as mushroom, this can be referred to as Pharmaceutical.
Pharmaceuticals have special medical usage, being used therapeutically for the treatment of special medical conditions.
Applied as OrallyInhalationTopicallyInjection
Mushroom Medicines
Shiitake, Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer
Shiitake contains an anti-cancer compound known as polysaccharides lentinan
Medicinal mushrooms
Maitake (Grifola frondosa (Dicks.:Fr.) S.F. Gray
D-fraction (anti-cancer), from maitake mushroom.
Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr) Loyd Krestin, anticancer agent from Trametes
versicolor
Polysaccharide-K – a protein extract from the trametes versicolor fungus, or turkey tail –boost the immune system of cancer patients in (Japan)
Medicinal mushrooms
Schizophyllum commune (Fr.:Fr)
Schizophyllan, anticancer agent from Schizophyllum commune.
Cordyceps militaris (Caterpillar fungus)
Agaricus bisporus
Anti-cancer properties
Pleurotus spp.
Pleurotus species have high medicinal value. Compounds extracted from these mushrooms exhibit activity against various chronic diseases including
Hypertension,Hypercholesterolemia, Anti-oxidantAnti-inflammatoryAnti-tumor(Wasser, 2002).
Pleurotus spp
Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus pulmonarius
Possess anti-oxidant and anti-tumor activity.
Phellinus rimosus
Indian mushroom, Phellinus rimosus shows anti-hepatotoxic activities