music box from fpga4fun.doc

8/13/2019 Music Box from fpga4fun.doc

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Reference: http://www.fpga4fun.com/Links.html

The main FPGA vendors in the world are

Xilinxand their University Program

Alteraand their University Program

Latticeand their University Program

Actel

QuickLogic

Other links

A repository of many FPGA-FAQs, created from the comp.arch.pganewsgroup.

Lots of FPGA links on this ePanaramapage. The page has a nasty popup though.

The opencores.orgsite, with its growing collection of pro!ects.

Some nice conerence papers an" articlesfrom An"raka#s site, plus other nice pages like

$ultiplication in FPGAsand %istri&ute" Arithmetic.

The FPGA Arca"esite, with old popular games recreated in FPGAs.

uild your own FPGA!"ased Logic Analy'er.Also from the same author, FreeP()freeware

P# layout software.

The Open(ollector %ata&ase,a compilation of open hardware tools $ designs.

The Alien *laughter ++video game on an FPGA.

$y,%L, an open source package that lets you use Python as an hardware description and

verification language.

The latest fun is to put a custom #P% inside an FPGA.road su"&ect. Try these links'

The FPGA (PUwe" site, and their X*O(#P% pro&ect.

The (% sot (PU core, a synthesi(a"le )*!"it #P% with development tools.

A nice list of Open +Ps / Open (ores.

The Leon-0SPA+# core.

The 1ios-++#P%, with manypro!ectsand linksfrom the #ornell %niversity.
http://www.xilinx.com/http://www.xilinx.com/univ/http://www.altera.com/http://www.altera.com/education/univ/http://www.latticesemi.com/http://www.latticesemi.com/http://www.latticesemi.com/support/universityprogram/http://www.actel.com/http://www.quicklogic.com/http://www.fpga-faq.com/http://groups.google.com/groups?q=comp.arch.fpgahttp://www.epanorama.net/links/fpga.htmlhttp://www.epanorama.net/links/fpga.htmlhttp://www.opencores.org/http://www.opencores.org/projects/http://www.andraka.com/papers.htmhttp://www.andraka.com/http://www.fpga-guru.com/multipli.htmhttp://www.fpga-guru.com/distribu.htmhttp://www.fpga-guru.com/distribu.htmhttp://www.fpgaarcade.com/http://minila.sourceforge.net/http://minila.sourceforge.net/http://www.freepcb.com/http://opencollector.org/summary.phphttp://opencollector.org/summary.phphttp://www.ugrad.physics.mcgill.ca/~beek/as2/http://myhdl.jandecaluwe.com/http://www.fpgacpu.org/http://www.fpgacpu.org/xsoc/cc.htmlhttp://www.tinyboot.com/cd16/index.htmhttp://www.lug-kiel.de/links/details/hdl.htmlhttp://www.gaisler.com/cms4_5_3/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=52http://www.altera.com/products/ip/processors/nios2/ni2-index.htmlhttp://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ece576/FinalProjects/http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ece576/FinalProjects/http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ece576/http://www.xilinx.com/univ/http://www.altera.com/http://www.altera.com/education/univ/http://www.latticesemi.com/http://www.latticesemi.com/support/universityprogram/http://www.actel.com/http://www.quicklogic.com/http://www.fpga-faq.com/http://groups.google.com/groups?q=comp.arch.fpgahttp://www.epanorama.net/links/fpga.htmlhttp://www.opencores.org/http://www.opencores.org/projects/http://www.andraka.com/papers.htmhttp://www.andraka.com/http://www.fpga-guru.com/multipli.htmhttp://www.fpga-guru.com/distribu.htmhttp://www.fpgaarcade.com/http://minila.sourceforge.net/http://www.freepcb.com/http://opencollector.org/summary.phphttp://www.ugrad.physics.mcgill.ca/~beek/as2/http://myhdl.jandecaluwe.com/http://www.fpgacpu.org/http://www.fpgacpu.org/xsoc/cc.htmlhttp://www.tinyboot.com/cd16/index.htmhttp://www.lug-kiel.de/links/details/hdl.htmlhttp://www.gaisler.com/cms4_5_3/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=52http://www.altera.com/products/ip/processors/nios2/ni2-index.htmlhttp://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ece576/FinalProjects/http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/ece576/http://www.xilinx.com/


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Music boxere we teach our FPGA how to play sounds and music.

-e start "y generating a single tone. Then slowly more fun stuff like producing a police siren and play

a tune.

ou can listen to the sound produced "y clicking on the speaker icon. For e/ample here0s the 1police

siren1 .

The hardware

A Pluto "oard, a speaker and a )23 resistor are used for this pro&ect.

A more formal representation looks like this'

The oscillator provides a fi/ed fre4uency to the FPGA. The FPGA divides the fi/ed fre4uency to drive an

56. The 56 is connected to a speaker through a )23 resistor. y changing the 56 fre4uency, the FPGA

produces different sounds.

The HDL design

*imple &eep

FPGAs can easily implement "inary counters. Let0s start with a )*!"its counter.Starting from the 789( clock, we can simply 1divide the clock1 using the counter. A )* "its countercounts from : to *88;8


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inputclkCoutputspeakerC

>> inary counter, )*!"its wideregD)8':E counterCal2ays


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A""ing a parameter

ere0s essentially the same code. A new parameter named 1clkdivider1 was added, and the counterwas changed into a 1count!down1 counter ! &ust a matter of preference.

mo"ulemusicJJ:>7C

regD)J':E counterCal2ays7C

regD7;':E toneCal2ays


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that go down from )7K to :.To switch "etween the up!ramp and the down!ramp, we use toneD77E. As soon as the up!ramp hits)7K, we switch to the down!ramp, until it goes to :, and then "ack to the up!ramp...

2ireD*':E ramp ?


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inputclkCoutputspeakerC

regD7K':E toneCal2ays


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To go from one octave to the ne/t, fre4uency is multiplied "y 171. asy to do in hardware, we do thatin step J.To go from one note to the ne/t, fre4uency is multiplied "y 1).:8MJ1. Rot really easy to do inhardware. So we use a look!up ta"le with pre!calculated values.

-e divide the main clock "y 8)7 for note A, "y J@; for note AU, "y J8* for note ... +emem"er,dividing "y a lower value gives us a higher fre4uency>higher note, that0s what we want.

al2ays> AU>"

7' clkdivider ? J8*!)C >> ;' clkdivider ? J;)!)C >> #J' clkdivider ? J:*!)C >> #U>B"

8' clkdivider ? ;@J!)C >> B*' clkdivider ? ;*7!)C >> BU>"

K' clkdivider ? ;J7!)C >> @' clkdivider ? ;7;!)C >> FM' clkdivider ? ;:J!)C >> FU>G"

):' clkdivider ? 7@K!)C >> G))' clkdivider ? 7K)!)C >> GU>A"

)7' clkdivider ? :C >> should never happen );' clkdivider ? :C >> should never happen )J' clkdivider ? :C >> should never happen )8' clkdivider ? :C >> should never happenen"case

al2ays


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mo"ulemusic> ;' clkdivider ? J;)!)C >> #

J' clkdivider ? J:*!)C >> #U>B" 8' clkdivider ? ;@J!)C >> B*' clkdivider ? ;*7!)C >> BU>"

K' clkdivider ? ;J7!)C >> @' clkdivider ? ;7;!)C >> FM' clkdivider ? ;:J!)C >> FU>G"

):' clkdivider ? 7@K!)C >> G))' clkdivider ? 7K)!)C >> GU>A"

)7' clkdivider ? :C >> should never happen );' clkdivider ? :C >> should never happen

)J' clkdivider ? :C >> should never happen )8' clkdivider ? :C >> should never happenen"case

regD@':E counternoteCal2ays


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The 1divide "y )71 module takes a * "its value > and &ust do a divide "y 1;1 on the remaining "its

case


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-e also want that

the tune pauses after the +69 ends

the 1fullnote1 of value : is a 4uiet note.

so we change the last line of the previous design from

al2ays


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*creenshot

ere0s the view of a 7K9( signal, sampled at )::9( and reconstructed using the 1samplee4uivalent time1 techni4ue.

Links ow to "uild a"igital oscilloscope"ased on the AB#:@:J and 6penGL

A nice Oscilloscope FAQsite with lots of information.

,o2 oscilloscopes 2orkfrom )>; Precision.

Pro&ing ,igh-*pee" %igital %esignsfrom *ignal (onsulting= +nc.
http://glory.honour.ca/projects/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope.htmlhttp://glory.honour.ca/projects/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope.htmlhttp://www.qsl.net/wd1v/scopefaq/http://www.bkprecision.com/download/scope/HowScopeWork.pdfhttp://www.bkprecision.com/http://www.signalintegrity.com/Pubs/straight/probes.htmhttp://www.signalintegrity.com/http://glory.honour.ca/projects/Oscilloscope/Oscilloscope.htmlhttp://www.qsl.net/wd1v/scopefaq/http://www.bkprecision.com/download/scope/HowScopeWork.pdfhttp://www.bkprecision.com/http://www.signalintegrity.com/Pubs/straight/probes.htmhttp://www.signalintegrity.com/

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