MUSIC OF INDIA

DAY 2

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12

Tala Ektal: 12-beat cycle

CLAP 2 WAVE

2 CLAP 2

WAVE

2 CLAP 2 CLAP 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

Tala Tintal: 16-beat cycle

CLAP 2 4

13 14 15 16

3 CLAP 2 43

WAVE

2 43 CLAP 2 43

Music by THE BEATLES

LOVE

YOU

TOO

Tabla

Sitar

Tambura

• Sitar begins with a brief introduction of the notes of the raga-like scale in unmeasured time

• A background drone of Tambura and bass guitar continues throughout

• The Tabla drumbeat enters, establishing a driving metrical pulse of tala-like cycles

MUSIC OF INDIA

PAKISTAN

AFGHANISTANIRAN

NEPAL

CHINA

PHILIPPINESINDIA

SRI LANKA

BANGLADESH

• Saffron - for courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation

• White - for purity and truth

• Green - for faith and fertility

THE INDIAN FLAG

• The Indian flag symbolizes freedom and was called a flag not only of freedom for ourselves, but a symbol of freedom for all people by the late Prime Minister Pandit Nehru

• It is a Buddhist symbol dating back to 200th century BC. It intends to show that there is life in movement and death in stagnation.

• The wheel in navy blue indicates the Dharma Chakra, the wheel of law in the Sarnath Lion Capital.

Prime Minister Nehru and Mahatma Gandhi

Hinduism • The most dominant religion in India.

Islam Buddhism

Jainism Sikhism

Christianism

MUSIC OF INDIA

PAKISTAN

AFGHANISTANIRAN

NEPAL

CHINA

PHILIPPINESINDIA

SRI LANKA

BANGLADESH

ISLAM

BUDDHISM

HINDUISM

SOUTH INDIA

Two Types of Indian Music1.Hindustani Music

2. Carnatic Music

1. – music of Northern India

2. - music of Southern India

• Have foreign influences specially in their musical intruments

• Islamic traditions

• Remained pure, traditional

• Most music are devotional, texts taken from the Vedas

Elements of Indian Music1. RAG - derived from the Sanskrit "raaga" which means

"color, or passion”

• A generalized form of melodic practice that prescribes set of rules for building a melody resulting in a framework that can be used to compose or improvise, allowing for endless variation within the set of notes.• The melodies of Indian music are based on ragas (in southern India, ragam).

• is a list of the notes that are used in a particular piece of music just like the scales

• also associated with particular moods, specific season and/or time of day

• creating the raga's proper mood is one of the Indian musician's most important tasks.

Indian Musical Scale

Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Do Re Mi Fa Sol La

Ti

Indian Musical Scale

Elements of Indian Music

• are organized in long rhythmic cycles called talas (in southern Indian thaalam)

2. TALA

• there are more than 100 different talas• these rhythmic cycles are quite long and complex; the Carnatic tradition in particular includes some of the most complex and sophisticated rhythmic structures of any music tradition.

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12

Tala Ektal: 12-beat cycle

CLAP 2 WAVE

2 CLAP 2

WAVE

2 CLAP 2 CLAP 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

Tala Tintal: 16-beat cycle

CLAP 2 4

13 14 15 16

3 CLAP 2 43

WAVE

2 43 CLAP 2 43

3. DRONE• unchanging tone or group of

tones against which the melody moves

• Usualy the 1st and 5th

Basic Structure of Hindustani Instrumental Music

1. ALAP• Exploration of the Rag starting from

the high notes gradually moving towards the low notes

• Is not measured, has no rhythmic element

• Once a regular pulse starts to establish itself, the composition has already reached the Jor.

Basic Structure of Hindustani Instrumental Music

2. GAT• Precomposed melody that comes in

after the establishment of the Jor

• composition of the Gat has to agree with the Tala that the percussion will employ

ALAP

JOR

GAT

Raga Ahir Bhairav

Tala: Tintal

Sitar

BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS

It is a string instrument

prominently used in

Hindustani classical

music. It can be played

solo or in combination

with other instruments.

Bansuri / Venu

BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTSBansuri is the north

Indian flute that typically has six to

seven holes. It used to be associated only

with folk music, but today it is found in

classical Hindustani. Venu is the south

Indian flute and is used in the Carnatic system.  It typically has eight holes and

is very popular in all south Indian styles.

 .

Jaltarang

BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS

It consists of china bowls filled with

water and struck by means of two cane

sticks. Each bowl can be tuned to the

desired frequency by varying the quantity of water in it. These

bowls are placed in a semi - circle

arrangement around the player and

played.

Tampura

BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS

A four stringed drone instrument

resembling a sitar except it has no frets.  The word

"tanpura“ is common in the north, but in

south India it is called "tambura",

"thamboora", "thambura", or

"tamboora".  The tanpura is known for its very rich sound.

Tabla

BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS

It consists of two drums called tabla

and dagga respectively. The

treble drum is generally made of wood and the top is covered with a

stretched skin. The tabla is about 11 inches long while

the dagga is about 10 inches long.

Pakhawaj

BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS

It is essentially a north Indian version of the mridangam and is the most common north Indian representative of the class of barrel shaped drums known as mridang.  It was once common throughout north India, but in the last few generations tabla has usurped its position of importance.

Mridangam

BASIC TRADITIONAL INSTRUMENTS

It is a South Indian version of the

pakhawaj and bears a strong superficial

resemblance to it but there are major

differences in construction and

technique.  The tone of the instrument is

quite different due to differences in construction.

Instruments typically used in Hindustani music:

1. Sitar 2. Bansuri 3. Sarod 4. Tanpura5. Tabla6. Pakhavaj 7. Surbahar 8. Shehnai 9. Sarangi10.Santoor

Instruments typically used in Carnatic music:

1. Venu2. Mridangam3. Ghatam 4. Violin5. Gottuvadyam6. Harmonium7. Veena8. Kanjira

Characteristics of Indian Music1. Does not rely on absolute pitch

2. Improvisatory

3. Uses drone

4. Lengthy

5. Finds aesthetic value in nasal sound in vocal music

6. Employs the use of microtones