Music in the Czech lands 1750-1830 Music in the Czech lands 1750-1830

(also music by czech composers outside (also music by czech composers outside Czech lands)Czech lands)

Jan Václav Stamic (1717-1757) MANNHEIM Jan Václav Stamic (1717-1757) MANNHEIM

František Xaver Brixi (1732-1771) PRAGUEFrantišek Xaver Brixi (1732-1771) PRAGUE

Jiří Antonín Benda (1722-1795) GOTHAJiří Antonín Benda (1722-1795) GOTHA

Anton Rössler Rosetti (ca1750-1792) Anton Rössler Rosetti (ca1750-1792) GERMANYGERMANY

Antonín Rejcha (1770-1836) PARISAntonín Rejcha (1770-1836) PARIS

Václav Jan Křtitel Tomášek (1770-1850) Václav Jan Křtitel Tomášek (1770-1850) PRAGUEPRAGUE

Jan Václav Hugo Voříšek (1791-1825) VIENNAJan Václav Hugo Voříšek (1791-1825) VIENNA

Jan Václav StamicJan Václav Stamic (1717-1757) (1717-1757) Born in Německý Brod, studied at jesuit Born in Německý Brod, studied at jesuit

college in Jihlava and later Prague college in Jihlava and later Prague (gymnasium, university)(gymnasium, university)

„„Composer, violinist and teacher. He ranks Composer, violinist and teacher. He ranks among the most important early Classical among the most important early Classical symphonists and was influential in making the symphonists and was influential in making the court of the Elector Palatine at court of the Elector Palatine at MannheimMannheim a a leading centre of orchestral performance and leading centre of orchestral performance and composition“ (GROVE). composition“ (GROVE).

Sinfonia pastorale op. 4/2 (Presto)Sinfonia pastorale op. 4/2 (Presto) Organ concerto No. VI F major (Allegro)Organ concerto No. VI F major (Allegro)

positiv, 2 violins, viola, double-bass only, positiv, 2 violins, viola, double-bass only, harpsichordharpsichord

František Xaver BrixiFrantišek Xaver Brixi (1732-1771) (1732-1771) Son of a church musician, studied at piarist Son of a church musician, studied at piarist

gymnasium. 1759 appointed Kapellmeister of St Vít gymnasium. 1759 appointed Kapellmeister of St Vít Cathedral (the highest position in Prague and in the Cathedral (the highest position in Prague and in the country).country).

Best known and probably most influential composer Best known and probably most influential composer in Czech lands with an output ca 500 works, mostly in Czech lands with an output ca 500 works, mostly sacred music: masses, litanies, oratorios, works for sacred music: masses, litanies, oratorios, works for so called so called Musica navalisMusica navalis..

Missa di Gloria (mid of the 18th century, together 45 Missa di Gloria (mid of the 18th century, together 45 minutes)minutes)Gloria + Et in terra (chorus, strings, 2 clarini, organ)Gloria + Et in terra (chorus, strings, 2 clarini, organ)

Sinfonia in C minor (Allegro molto)Sinfonia in C minor (Allegro molto)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVUS6lZIkjMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVUS6lZIkjM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNHDJ5IkXdE&feature=relatedv=dNHDJ5IkXdE&feature=related

„„Brixi was one of the leading musical figures of mid-Brixi was one of the leading musical figures of mid-18th-century Bohemia. His tremendous output of 18th-century Bohemia. His tremendous output of about 500 works was rooted in the Neapolitan about 500 works was rooted in the Neapolitan style… Brixi’s style is distinguished from that of his style… Brixi’s style is distinguished from that of his contemporaries by its fresh melodic writing, contemporaries by its fresh melodic writing, vivacious rhythm and lively bass lines, and from that vivacious rhythm and lively bass lines, and from that of his predecessors by its simple yet effective of his predecessors by its simple yet effective instrumentation. He often made use of folk music in instrumentation. He often made use of folk music in his works. During his lifetime his music was widely his works. During his lifetime his music was widely disseminated in Bohemia and Moravia, as well as in disseminated in Bohemia and Moravia, as well as in other countries… He had a profound effect on other countries… He had a profound effect on Bohemian musical taste, and Mozart’s favourable Bohemian musical taste, and Mozart’s favourable reception in Prague in the 1780s was at least partly reception in Prague in the 1780s was at least partly due to Brixi’s lasting influence. The easy appeal of due to Brixi’s lasting influence. The easy appeal of his musical style left an impression on Czech his musical style left an impression on Czech composers for the rest of the 18th century“ composers for the rest of the 18th century“ (GROVE) .(GROVE) .

CítolibyCítoliby Village situated 60 kilometres to the Village situated 60 kilometres to the

northwest from Prague with flourishing northwest from Prague with flourishing artistic activity, iniciated by the art-loving artistic activity, iniciated by the art-loving noble family Pachtas of Rájov.noble family Pachtas of Rájov.

Group of musicians, concentrated at the Group of musicians, concentrated at the local court, active also at the village church. local court, active also at the village church. Václav Jan Kopřiva (1708-1789) was the Václav Jan Kopřiva (1708-1789) was the leading person for so called Citoliby School leading person for so called Citoliby School – ca six musicians/composers from the – ca six musicians/composers from the following generation.following generation.

Karel Blažej Kopřiva (+1785): Fuga-Karel Blažej Kopřiva (+1785): Fuga-Pastorella in CPastorella in C

Jiří Antonín BendaJiří Antonín Benda (1722-1795) (1722-1795) Son of a bohemian musician, studied at Son of a bohemian musician, studied at

piarist gymnasium in Kosmonosy (as Brixi) piarist gymnasium in Kosmonosy (as Brixi) and later at jesuit gymnasium, 1742 and later at jesuit gymnasium, 1742 emigrated with his parents and sister to emigrated with his parents and sister to Prussia to join his brothers as violinist in Prussia to join his brothers as violinist in the court orchestra.the court orchestra.

1750 appointed Kapellmeister of the 1750 appointed Kapellmeister of the dukes court at Gotha. Composed church dukes court at Gotha. Composed church music and stage works, esp. Melodramas music and stage works, esp. Melodramas (first Ariadne on Naxos, 1775, appreciated (first Ariadne on Naxos, 1775, appreciated by Mozart, followed by Medea and by Mozart, followed by Medea and Pygmalion).Pygmalion).

SynopsisSynopsis (Ariadne on Naxos, premiere (Ariadne on Naxos, premiere 1775)1775)

Ariadne (spoken role), having fled from Ariadne (spoken role), having fled from Crete with Theseus (spoken role), awakens Crete with Theseus (spoken role), awakens on the desolate island of Naxos to learn on the desolate island of Naxos to learn that he has abandoned her. Feelings of that he has abandoned her. Feelings of disbelief, anger, grief and love swirl in her disbelief, anger, grief and love swirl in her mind along with tender memories. A storm mind along with tender memories. A storm mounts and at its height she throws mounts and at its height she throws herself from a cliff into the sea (GROVE).herself from a cliff into the sea (GROVE).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybJPvg4WI6wv=ybJPvg4WI6w

Anton Rössler RosettiAnton Rössler Rosetti (ca1750-1792) (ca1750-1792) studied at jesuits in Praguestudied at jesuits in Prague

His Requiem of 1776 was used at a His Requiem of 1776 was used at a memorial ceremony for Mozart in Prague memorial ceremony for Mozart in Prague in 1791. in 1791.

Oratorio Jesus in Gethsemane (1790)Oratorio Jesus in Gethsemane (1790) Cantata HalleluiahCantata Halleluiah Number of instrumental compositions for Number of instrumental compositions for

wind instrumentswind instruments

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBWmcDgfvfYv=CBWmcDgfvfY