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Musculoskeletal Anatomy Quiz 2Pelvic girdle

Hip formed by pair (2) hip bones OS COXAE OR COXAL

Connects lower limbs to axial skeleton - with strongest ligaments of the body

Spreads weight from upper body to lower limbs

Supports visceral (gut) organs of body

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ILLIUM

Large flaring bone forms superior region of coxal bone

Consists of body & a superior winglike portionALA

Posterolarteral surface called GLUTEAL SURFACE

Auricular surface articulates with Sacrum (sacroiliac joint)

MAJOR MARKINGS

Iliac Crests

Four spines

Greater sciatic notch

Iliac fossa Arcuate line

Pelvic brim

ISCHIUM

Forms posteroinferior part of hip bone

Thick body articulates with ilium, thinner ramus articulates with pubis

MAJOR MARKINGS

Ischial spine

Lesser sciatic notch

Ischial tuberosity

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PUBIS

Forms anterior portion of hip bone Articulates with ISCHIUM & ILIUM

MAJOR MARKING

Superior & inferior Rami

Pubic crest

Pubic tubercle

Pubic arch

Pubic symphysis

Obturator foramen (along with ilium & ischium

COMPARISON OF MALE/FEMALE PELVIC STRUCTURE

Characteristic Female Male

Bone thickness Lighter, thinner, and smootherHeavier, thicker, and more

prominent markings

Pubic arch/angle 8090 5060

Acetabula Small; farther apart Large; closer together

SacrumWider, shorter; sacral curvature is

accentuatedNarrow, longer; sacral promontory

more ventral

Coccyx More movable; straighter Less movable; curves ventrally

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THE LOWER LIMB 3 Segments of lower limb thigh, leg, foot

FEMUR

Sole bone of the thigh, largest & strongest bone in body

Articulates proximally with hip & distally with TIBIA & FIBULA

MAJOR MARKINGS

Head

Fovea capitis

Greater & lesser trochanters

Gluteal tuberosity

Later & medial condyles

Epicondyles

Linea aspera

Patellar surface

Intercondylar notch

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Movements at the hip

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MUSCLES CROSSING HIP & KNEE JOINTS

The most anterior compartment muscles of hip & thigh FLEX femur at hip & extend leg at knee

Posterior compartments muscles of hip & thigh EXTEND thigh & flex leg

Medial compartment muscles ADDUCT the thigh

The 3 groups are enclosed by the FASCIA LATA

MOVEMNTS OF THIGH AT HIP Ball & socket hip joints allows FLEXION, EXTENSION, ADDUCTION, CIRCUMDUCTION, ROTATION

Most important thigh FLEXERS are ILIPSOAS (prime mover), TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE & RECTUS

FEMORIS

Medially located ADDUCTOR muscles & SARTORIUS assist in thigh FLEXION

Thigh EXTENSION primarily effected by HAMSTRING muscles (BICEPS FEMORIS, SEMITENDINOSUS, &

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS)

Forceful extension helped by GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

ABDUCTION & ROTATION effected by GLUTEUS MINIMUS & ANTAGONIZED by LATERAL ROTATERS

5 ADDUCTOR muscles control ADDUCTION of thigh (ADDUCTOR MAGNUS, ADDUCTOR LONGUS,ADDUCTOR BREVIS, PECTINEUS & GRACILIS)

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MOVEMENTS OF THE KNEE JOINTS

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS sole extensor of knee joints

ANTAGONIST to quadriceps femoris are the hamstring muscles that flex the knees

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Knees and legsLibrary