Muslim CivilizationsMuslim Civilizations

622-1629622-1629

The Religion of IslamThe Religion of Islam Followers called Followers called

MuslimsMuslims Emerged in the Emerged in the

desert Arabian desert Arabian Peninsula where Peninsula where Arab tribes lived.Arab tribes lived.

Nomadic herders Nomadic herders called called Bedouins Bedouins moved through the moved through the deserts to reach deserts to reach seasonal seasonal pasturelands. pasturelands.

Competition between Competition between the two groups led to the two groups led to warfare.warfare.

Muhammad becomes a Muhammad becomes a prophetprophet

MuhammadMuhammad born in born in oasis town of Mecca in oasis town of Mecca in 570.570.

Mecca- Mecca- market town at market town at the crossroads of the crossroads of several caravan routes.several caravan routes.

Also pilgrimage center Also pilgrimage center where Arabs came to where Arabs came to pray at the Kaaba, an pray at the Kaaba, an ancient temple that ancient temple that housed statues of pagan housed statues of pagan gods and goddesses. gods and goddesses.

Muhammad’s early lifeMuhammad’s early life

Shepherd among Shepherd among the Bedouinsthe Bedouins

Led caravans and Led caravans and became a became a successful successful merchant.merchant.

Known for his Known for his honesty and was a honesty and was a devoted father and devoted father and husband.husband.

God’s messengerGod’s messenger Muhammad troubled Muhammad troubled

by Mecca’s moral illsby Mecca’s moral ills When 40 he heard When 40 he heard

the voice of an the voice of an angel, Gabriel, angel, Gabriel, calling him to be the calling him to be the messenger of God.messenger of God.

He was encouraged He was encouraged by his wife, Khadija, by his wife, Khadija, to take the call. to take the call.

Khadija was the first to convert to Khadija was the first to convert to the faith called Islam.the faith called Islam.

Islam means “to submit to God”Islam means “to submit to God” Encouraged Arabs to give up their Encouraged Arabs to give up their

worship of pagan gods and submit to worship of pagan gods and submit to the one true god, Allah.the one true god, Allah.

MuhammadMuhammad Because his teachings Because his teachings

were radical, many did were radical, many did not listen to him.not listen to him.

He would be pushed He would be pushed out of Mecca because out of Mecca because merchants believed merchants believed his religion would his religion would interfere with trade. interfere with trade.

Muhammad would Muhammad would leave Mecca and go to leave Mecca and go to YathribYathrib, a journey , a journey called the called the hijra. hijra.

Yathrib later renamed Yathrib later renamed Medina-Medina- “City of the “City of the Prophet”Prophet”

Great information Mrs. Kelly, I bet this will be on the test!

The Hijra: A Turning PointThe Hijra: A Turning Point

In Medina people agreed to follow his In Medina people agreed to follow his teachingsteachings

They became a community of Muslims They became a community of Muslims or umma.or umma.

Brought peace to MedinaBrought peace to Medina As his reputation grew, many more As his reputation grew, many more

converted to Islamconverted to Islam But Meccan leaders grew hostile But Meccan leaders grew hostile

towards the Muslims and prepared for towards the Muslims and prepared for war.war.

Muhammad battles the Muhammad battles the MeccansMeccans

Muhammad wins and returns to Muhammad wins and returns to MeccaMecca

Rededicates the Kaaba to Allah and it Rededicates the Kaaba to Allah and it becomes the most holy place in becomes the most holy place in Islam.Islam.

Muhammad works to unite the Arabs Muhammad works to unite the Arabs under Islam.under Islam.

Teachings of IslamTeachings of Islam

Monotheistic- belief in one godMonotheistic- belief in one god Quran- Quran- sacred text of Islam, teaches sacred text of Islam, teaches

that god is all-powerful and that god is all-powerful and compassionate.compassionate.

People are responsible for their own People are responsible for their own actions. actions.

Believe that God had sent other Believe that God had sent other prophets, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, prophets, Abraham, Moses and Jesus, but that Muhammad was the last and but that Muhammad was the last and greatest prophet.greatest prophet.

QuranQuran

Contains the Contains the sacred word of God sacred word of God as revealed to as revealed to Muhammad.Muhammad.

Teaches God’s will Teaches God’s will and provides a and provides a guide for life. guide for life.

Emphasizes Emphasizes honesty, honesty, generosity and generosity and social justicesocial justice

QuranQuran

Harsh penalties for Harsh penalties for crimescrimes

On judgment day On judgment day you will face you will face eternal punishment eternal punishment in hell or eternal in hell or eternal bliss in paradise. bliss in paradise.

Muslims follow Muslims follow the Five Pillars of Islamthe Five Pillars of Islam

This is a great test question!!

1. Declaration of Faith1. Declaration of Faith

Called the Called the shahada. shahada.

““There is no god There is no god but God, but God, Muhammad is the Muhammad is the messenger of messenger of God.”God.”

2. Daily prayer2. Daily prayer

5 times a day5 times a day Ritual washing and Ritual washing and

then face the holy then face the holy city of Mecca to city of Mecca to pray. pray.

Muslims can pray Muslims can pray anywhere but often anywhere but often gather in gather in mosques-mosques-house of worship. house of worship.

3. Give charity to the poor3. Give charity to the poor

Money is collected Money is collected in the forms of a in the forms of a tax called the tax called the zakat.zakat.

Others give Others give individual individual donations. donations.

4. Fast during Ramadan4. Fast during Ramadan

Fast from sunrise Fast from sunrise to sunset during to sunset during the holy month of the holy month of Ramadan, the Ramadan, the month Muhammad month Muhammad received his first received his first revelations from revelations from God. God.

5. Make the 5. Make the hajjhajj, or pilgrimage , or pilgrimage to Mecca if physically and to Mecca if physically and

financially able.financially able.

5. Make the 5. Make the hajjhajj, or pilgrimage , or pilgrimage to Mecca if physically and to Mecca if physically and

financially able.financially able. Pilgrims participate in Pilgrims participate in

ceremonies ceremonies commemorating the commemorating the actions of Muhammad, actions of Muhammad, Abraham and Abraham and Abraham’s family.Abraham’s family.

Simple attire Simple attire symbolizes the symbolizes the abandonment of the abandonment of the material world for the material world for the sake of God. sake of God.

Another duty is Another duty is jihad,jihad, or or struggle in God’s service. struggle in God’s service.

Personal duty for Muslims who focus Personal duty for Muslims who focus on overcoming immorality within on overcoming immorality within themselves. themselves.

Jihad can also be interpreted as a holy Jihad can also be interpreted as a holy war to defend Islam and the Muslim war to defend Islam and the Muslim community. (Like the crusades to community. (Like the crusades to defend Christianity)defend Christianity)

A holy war may only be declared by A holy war may only be declared by the community, not by an individual the community, not by an individual Muslim or a small group. Muslim or a small group.

People of the BookPeople of the Book

Muslims, Jews and Christians all Muslims, Jews and Christians all worship the same God. worship the same God.

Quran teaches that Islam is God’s Quran teaches that Islam is God’s final and complete revelation. final and complete revelation.

Muslims consider Jews and Christians Muslims consider Jews and Christians to be “People of the Book”.to be “People of the Book”.

Islamic way of lifeIslamic way of life Sharia-Sharia- Islamic Islamic

system of law.system of law. Includes Includes

interpretation of the interpretation of the Quran, examples of Quran, examples of behavior and behavior and Muslim traditions.Muslim traditions.

Regulates moral Regulates moral conduct, family life conduct, family life and business and business practices. practices.

ShariaSharia

applies religious principles to all legal applies religious principles to all legal situations. situations.

Unifies Muslims under a common Unifies Muslims under a common legal framework.legal framework.

Impact of Islam on WomenImpact of Islam on Women

Before Islam, Before Islam, limited rightslimited rights

Could not inherit Could not inherit property and had property and had to obey a male to obey a male guardian. guardian.

Unwanted Unwanted daughters could be daughters could be killed at birth. killed at birth.

Extended rights under IslamExtended rights under Islam Affirmed the spiritual Affirmed the spiritual

equity of all Muslims.equity of all Muslims. ““Whoever does right Whoever does right

will enter the will enter the garden.”garden.”

Under the Quran Under the Quran women can reject a women can reject a marriage offer and marriage offer and you cannot kill you cannot kill daughters. daughters.

Educate womenEducate women

Spiritually equal but different Spiritually equal but different roles for men and womenroles for men and women

Women would inherit Women would inherit less money than less money than men. men.

Women had a harder Women had a harder time getting a time getting a divorce. divorce.

Veiling upper-class Veiling upper-class women and secluding women and secluding them in a separate them in a separate part of the home. part of the home. (Persian custom)(Persian custom)

Dress modestly.Dress modestly.

Muslim/Christian Muslim/Christian differencesdifferences

Muslim’s believe Muslim’s believe that Jesus is a that Jesus is a prophet, but not prophet, but not the final the final prophet. They prophet. They do not consider do not consider him the son of him the son of God. God.

Muslim’s Muslim’s pray/ask for help pray/ask for help from Allah (God from Allah (God in Arabic). They in Arabic). They do not believe in do not believe in intermediaries intermediaries (Jesus)(Jesus)

Differences cont.Differences cont.

Muslim’s believe Muslim’s believe Jesus did not die Jesus did not die on the cross, a on the cross, a Roman soldier Roman soldier did. The did. The crucifixion is not crucifixion is not in the Qur’anin the Qur’an

Muslim’s believe Muslim’s believe in Mary and the in Mary and the virgin birth and virgin birth and they believe that they believe that Jesus raised the Jesus raised the dead.dead.

Differences cont.Differences cont.

Muslim’s believe Muslim’s believe (as well as (as well as Christians) that Christians) that the Qur’an is the Qur’an is pure and pure and unaltered. unaltered. GodGod Angel Angel GabrielGabriel Muhammad. Muhammad.

Muslim’s believe Muslim’s believe that the Bible that the Bible has been has been corrupted by corrupted by translators and translators and scholars. scholars.

Other StuffOther Stuff

The The SunnaSunna is the is the only other only other sacred source sacred source for Muslims. It is for Muslims. It is the practice and the practice and examples of the examples of the Prophet Prophet Muhammad. Muhammad.

The The HadithHadith is a is a reliable report of reliable report of what the what the prophet said or prophet said or did. did.