mutations mutations can occur in dna replication protein synthesis

12

MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in •DNA replication •Protein Synthesis

Upload: kenneth-fields

Post on 04-Jan-2016

225 views

Category:

Documents

1 download

Report

Download

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

MUTATIONS

Mutations can occur in•DNA replication•Protein Synthesis

Page 2: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

Replication Error

• Nondisjunction: chromosomes fail to properly separate during anaphase

Page 3: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

Whole chromosome mutations: May be diagnosed by a karyotype. Examples: Down’s syndrome (trisomy), Turner’s syndrome (X0), Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY)

Page 4: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

Mutations can affect a single base, several bases, or an entire chromosome.Example: translocation

Page 5: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

Mutations can occur during replication or protein synthesis.

Mistakes could occur in either step

TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION

Occurs inside the nucleus when the DNA strands separate

Occurs in the cytoplasm at a ribosome

mRNA is made using the DNA template, then it leaves the nucleus via a nuclear pore

mRNA lined up at ribosome has “codon” (three base sequence) that the tRNA matches with an “anticodon”.

Page 6: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

An

erro

r in

bas

e se

quen

ce in

DN

A o

r m

RN

A w

ould

res

ult i

n th

e w

rong

am

ino

acid

.

Page 7: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

Frameshift Mutations:reading errors cause insertions or deletions

Page 8: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

8

Making ProteinsMaking Proteins

DNADNA: TAC CGA TCG TGA ACT

mRNAmRNA: AUG GCU AGC ACU UGA

ProteinProtein: Met-Ala-Ser-Thr-Stop

TranscriptionTranscription

TranslationTranslation

Page 9: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

9

Effect of Mutation Effect of Mutation on Proteinon Protein

DNADNA: TAC CGA TCG TGA ACT

mRNAmRNA: AUG GCU AGC ACU UGA

ProteinProtein: Met-Ala-Ser-Thr-Stop

TranscriptionTranscription

TranslationTranslation

C

G

Gly

Page 10: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

Point mutation: a single base is incorrect.

Which amino acid would be delivered?

Would every single

base change

result in a different

amino acid?

Page 11: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

Internal Mutations: a change in nucleotide sequence

• Occur during replication• Usually fatal to the cell, but vital for increasing genetic variety• Mutagen = agent that causes mutations (UV rays, chemicals, asbestos, cigarette smoke, etc.)

Page 12: MUTATIONS Mutations can occur in DNA replication Protein Synthesis

Types of Internal Mutations• Changes in nucleotide sequence• Are usually fatal to the cell, but vital for increasing

genetic variety• Types:

Viral DNA tethering domains complement replication ...bushmanlab.org/assets/pdf/publications/schneider_2013.pdf · Viral DNA tethering domains complement replication-defective mutations

MUTATIONS Chapter 11.3, Chapter 12. Mutations Mutation = change in DNA sequence Mutations can be caused by errors in replication, transcription, translation,

Mutations Year 13. Mutations A mutation is a permanent genetic mistake in a gene or a chromosome. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced. Spontaneous

12-4 MUTATIONS. I. KINDS OF MUTATIONS 1. Mutation- change in genetic material that can result from incorrect DNA replication 2. Point Mutations- gene

Translesion synthesis past acrolein-derived DNA adduct, file4 replication that does occur, results in mutations (13-16). Specifically, PdG induced base substitutions occurred at an

Mutations in the Escherichia coli dnaG Gene Suggest Coupling between DNA Replication and

A.Gene Mutation 1. Mutations are Classified in Different Ways: 2. The Rates of Spontaneous Mutations: 3. How Spontaneous Mutations Occur: 4. Mutagens and

Mutations Natural and Artificial Mutations. Mutations There are 2 classes of mutations Nucleotide mutations occur when 1-4 nucleotides are altered, added

Chapter 12.4: Mutations - Featured Products · Chapter 12.4: Mutations Mutations: changes in the genetic material. gene mutations ... Chromosome Original (template) DNA Replication

Mutations Year 11. Mutations A mutation is a permanent genetic mistake in a gene or a chromosome. Mutations can occur spontaneously or be induced. Spontaneous

Mutations in trfA Replication Geneof the Broad-Host-Range ... · wild-type trfA gene. These observations suggest that the mutations affect a regulatory activity of the TrfA replication

Mutations. What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (arent passed to offspring) May occur in gametes (eggs

AIM: How do mutations occur in DNA ?

Genetics of Cancer Part 2. Review Two mutations must occur:

Mutations. A Few Words on Mutations Mutations can be neutral, positive, damaging or lethal Can occur at the single base or chromosomal level Naturally

1 MUTATIONS What Are Mutations? Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring) May occur in gametes

Unit 4 Evolution and Ecology. Mutations Any alteration in the base sequence of DNA Errors can occur naturally during DNA replication. DNA can be changed

Understand what mutations are Understand how they occur Analyze the different types of mutations Understand how mutations affect amino acid

Genetic Mutations Good, bad or neutral?. Mutations Inheritable errors made in DNA during replication 3 broad groups: Beneficial Deleterious Neutral

Mutations - Weebly · What Are Mutations? •Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA •May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring) •May occur in gametes (eggs &

Mutations in Hemophilia B, Occur at the Argl”-Val Activation Site or

Mutations Gene mutations occur within a gene and result in a change in the nucleotide sequence. Chromosomal mutations affect all or part of a chromosome

5. DNA Replication - Weeblybiology12-benabo.weebly.com/.../5._dna_replication.pdfDNA Replication - Why?! DNA Replication MUST occur in Eukaryotic cells before Mitosis or Meiosis occurs

Mutations. A Mutation is a change in an organism’s DNA It can occur naturally whenever a base is incorrectly copied, especially during DNA Replication

genetic analysis of dna replication in bacteria: dnab mutations that

MUTATIONS. Defn: Permanent chagnes in nucleotide sequence. occur in somatic cells or germline cells. only germline cells inherited. somatic mutations

Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes 1. Cancer mutations occur in two forms

Mutations. A mutations are a change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA Mutations are essential for evolution to occur Mutations are the ultimate source

12.6 DNA Repair. DNA Repair Errors in DNA replication or damage to DNA create mutations Errors in DNA replication or damage to DNA create mutations -

Gene Mutations and Expression. Mutations -mutation- random change in genetic material -can happen during replication, transcription, translation, or cell

Mutation - ULisboabmg.fc.ul.pt/Disciplinas/GBM/aulas/8MutacRepar.pdf · Mutation might also occur during DNA replication Wilde-type Mutant. Two basic classes of mutations based on

MUTATIONS. Weird Genetics Mutations A change in genetic information Can occur randomly (naturally) Or can be deliberately

Modern Genetics SB.notebook · •Mutations can occur naturally during DNA replication (slow process: it takes many (thousands of generations) for the ... mutation. Modern Genetics

Mutations - Mr. Ciardullo's Class Webpage · 2018. 9. 10. · Mutations involving multiple chromosomes are likely to occur in meiosis, during the prophase I. Large-Scale Mutations

Impaired Replication of Hepatitis C Virus Containing Mutations in a