mutations + natural selection
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Mutations + Natural Selection. Can This Power Evolution?. What exactly is a mutation?. A mutation is a mistake or copying error in the genetic code. If a mistake is made, the protein that is coded for will not be constructed properly and will be compromised in function—it won’t work right!. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Mutations + Natural Selection
Can This Power Evolution, Or Does It Result in Entropy?
What exactly is a mutation?
• A mutation is a mistake or copying error in the genetic code.
• If a mistake is made, the protein that is coded for will not be constructed properly and will be compromised in function—it won’t work correctly!
Proteins Must Be Constructed Correctly to Function Properly
The Most Common Mutations are Genetic Misspellings
• Take 4 nails, measure 1.3 cm between each and nail. Make sure and start 6.2 cm from the outermost edge of the board. The wood must be coated with water seal first.
• Take 4 nails, measure 1.3 cm bteween each and nail. Make sure and start 6.2 cm from the outermost edge of the board. The wovd must be coated with water seal first.
• Take 4 nazls, measure 1.3 cm bteween each and nail. Make sure and start 6.m cm from the outermost edge of the board. The wovd must be coated with water seal first.
Most Mutations Have Very Little Net Effect By Themselves—They are called “near neutral.”
• However, over time they add up. Like the rusting of a car over many years.
According to Evolution Mutations Change Organisms For the Better
• Over millions of years according to evolution, mutations (mistakes) will be beneficial and cause favorable traits to be expressed.
• Slowly over time body plans will be altered/changed and new species will be produced
• Natural selection + mutations cause evolutionhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWM31KpLmr4
The evidence does not support this
The overwhelming evidence points to natural selection acting on traits that were produced by preexisting genes.
The evidence shows mutations to be harmful, not beneficial…let’s prove this point!
Mutations are harmful Evidence One
• http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/listdiseasecards.pl?type=full&no_limit=1
• There are thousands of clearly defined diseases that are documented to be mutant in origin.
• There is not a single unambiguous beneficial mutation
Evidence Two
Geneticists theorize that it is possible that perhaps 1 in a million mutations might be beneficial.
If this is true it still does not help evolutionGenes are inherited in clusters, so even if there are
beneficial mutations present they will be far outnumbered. It will still be down…not up.
Harmful mutations still kill and destroy information.
Possible Beneficial Mutations• CCR532-Causes a certain cell protein to be incomplete. HIV virus is unable
to enter the cell. However people with this mutation are more susceptible to encephalitis and West Nile.
• HBS-1 copy of this mutant genes provides resistance to malaria. However 2 copies and you have sickle cell anemia.
• Lactose tolerant mutation-allows adults to tolerate milk where otherwise one would be lactose intolerant. This is the result of a broken promoter gene. The promoter is supposed to turn off after a certain age. The mutated promoter stays on like a light switch left on when no one is home.
• Antibiotic resistance strains of bacteria. Allows certain bacteria to resist Rx treatments. This appears as an advantage however the overall trend is still down not up. These mutated strains will not compete well with other strains in a normal environment.
Evidence 3
The data clearly illustrates that mutations can never CREATE code. They can only act upon code. The question still remains, where did the code come from? The answer cannot be mutations.
How did the code become code to begin with?