Working with Parents

Class 1 CDA 103 B

Relationship with Parents begins before Birth

Our first human

connections lay the

foundation for all future

relationships

Erikson’s 1st Development Task

• Trust versus Mistrust• Feeding and Comfort Behaviors–Key to development of trust– Infants trust when they come to

expect their needs will be met–Balance needed between trust in

the caregiver & a healthy sense of mistrust necessary for self-protection–Cultural differences exist in feeding

and comforting practices

Securely Attached

Insecurely attachedAvoidantResistant

Consistent Across Cultures

Forms of Attachment

Attachment• Securely attached: regulate emotions, show empathy & ability to modulate and direct emotion

• Insecurely attached: respond abnormally to other children’s distress, to stranger’s and care takers

Parenting Practices Produce

View Video Clip on Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwxjfuPlArY&feature=related

a. What is attachment theory?

b. What is its purpose of the stranger test?

Journal 1: Please Respond

Journal 2: Apply

a. What can happen when there is serious disruption in the early relationships between parent and child?

b. How can we help parents build secure relationships with their children?

PlayBuildsStrongFamily

Bonds

Kinds of Play• Dramatic Play & Modeling– Imitation of behavior patterns– Interaction using imagination and

fantasy – Playing house, fire fighter, super hero

• Games & Rituals –Contributes to learning about rules– Experience cause & effect &

consequences–Duck, Duck, Goose to Soccer

• Helps child –Explore the physical environment–Test scientific problem-solving

ability–Negotiate use of shared materials,

space & tools–Complete projects with observable

results

Constructive Play

© Allyn & Bacon 2007

–Helps child develop muscle strength, coordination, control and agility• Rough-and-tumble play –Look for a “play face” when attempting to figure out if child is playing or fighting

Active Physical Play

• Helps child –Explore and rehearse social roles

he/she has seen–Test ability to negotiate with others–Regulate emotions through

imagination–Examine personal concerns in

nonthreatening way

Imaginative Play

© Allyn & Bacon 2007

• Helps child – Develop needed everyday life skills– Learn & rehearse social roles and cooperative routines– Set and achieve manageable goals– Develop competence in family & society

Functional Play

How do fathers & mothers play differently with their children?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JPGbM4w1ho

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cpOW4G3OOc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=axb8fmbas5Q

Journal 3:

• Expression of warmth or nurturance• Strategies for discipline• Quality of communication• Expectations for maturity

Baumrind’s 4 Dimensions of Parenting

1. Authoritarian—high expectations with low nurturance

1. children conscientious, obedient, and quiet—but not happy

2. Permissive—little control, but nurturing– children lack self-control & not

happy

.

Baumrind’s 3 Styles of Parenting

3. Authoritative – Parents provide limits, guidance and model compromise

With this approach, children are most likely to be

successful, articulate, intelligent & happy

Style Control Warmth Discipline

Authoritarian High Low Strict Rules

Authoritative High High Discussion

Permissive Low High Rare

Neglect Low Low Absent

Parenting Styles

Recent Studies

• Link between parenting styles and child behavior is more complex– Impact of child’s temperament– Influence of community & cultural views

on child’s perception of parenting– Positive examples of authoritarian

parenting in urban families• Produce high-achieving, emotionally

regulated children• Strict and warm can be successful

What are your views on parenting?

As a teacher, how can you influence positive parenting practices?

Journal 4:

Techniques of Discipline

• In deciding which technique to apply, parents should ask:– How does a technique relate to my

child?–Child’s temperament/age/perceptions

• Culture is a strong influence– Expectations–Offenses– Punishments

What About Spanking?

• Reasons for parenting variations: culture, religion, ethnicity,

parents’ upbringing• Developmentalists caution children

who are physically punished tend to be more aggressive

• Domestic violence of any kind can increase aggression between peers and within families

•In United States, is time-out a Developmentally Appropriate Practice?

•What are alternatives?

Journal 5:

What is the purpose of guidance?

The purpose of guidance is

Self Control

What is self control?

Self Control is

becoming the master of myself!

Why is guidance positive?

Positive Guidance

• We are modeling what we want the children to learn to do–Restrain our first inclination–Use quiet voices–Look for a solution that helps

everybody

• If we model disrespect, the children will be disrespectful

How do we help children change their behaviors?

Changing Behaviors

1. Identify the child’s need being expressed by the behavior

2. Help a child notice the problem behavior that needs to stop

3. Then help the child to identify the behavior that will replace the problem behavior and will meet the same need

4. Practice the replacement behavior

Self-Regulating Learners

Journal 6:•What helps children become

self-regulating learners

•What do self regulating learners look like?

Self-Regulating Learners

• Know themselves – strengths- interests- distractions

• Know and apply successful learning strategies

• Recognize & differentiate contexts adjusting their behavior accordingly

• Manage their own volition to reach their own goals

• 1st we learn awareness of own emotions; this is called

Emotional Literacy how to the interpret and express emotions

• Next we apply that Emotional Literacy to become aware of the emotional response of others

Emotional Regulation

• Television & video games offer a dilemma for parents–Parents find video a good babysitter–Parents believe video can sometimes

be an educational tool• Research suggests turning off the TV

to avoid exposing children to video violence as it results in human violence

The Challenge of Media

Understanding Human Development by Craig/Dunn ©

2007 Pearson Education

Thomas and Chess: Temperament

• Temperament is the inborn/characteristic way a person reacts to the world.

• Three temperament styles:–Easy: 40% of children–Difficult: 10% of children–Slow-to-warm-up: 15% of children–Other (combination) : 35%

Rothbart

• Temperament style may change through interactions with family & other caregivers.

• “Fit” of parent & child temperaments –determinant of infant-caregiver interaction–determinant of child adjustment

Recall Erikson’s Model for building successful human

relationships