my mission this morning to give you - ibracon.org.br · my mission this morning ... •concrete...

My Mission This Morning

• Exciting report of my visit to this Congress

• Exciting Introduction to ACI

• Boring talk about concrete

To give you:

I have seen and enjoyed beautiful things

this week…

And I have seen the bright future

of IBRACON

and our Industry

Intro

to

ACI

Good Friend,

Trusted

Companion,

Expert Concrete

Engineer

ACI’s Leadership:

And

Executive Vice

President

(Chief of Staff)

(Executive Director)

of

ACI

ACI’s Leadership:

• Technical & educational society

• Dedicated to improving design,

construction, maintenance, & repair of

concrete structures

• Large and growing connecting point for

access to world-wide concrete knowledge

• A Trade or Promotional Association

• A Government Agency

• A University

“Provide

knowledge and

information for the

best use of

concrete”

ACI’s Mission:

A worldwide

unified concrete

community made

up of equal

partners

ACI’s Vision:

• Nearly 20,000 Members in 129 countries

• 5400 members outside North America

• Over 6000 Student Members

• 1000 Organizational Members

• 3900 Volunteers

Architects

Consultants

Contractors

Educators

Engineers

Materials Suppliers

Lawyers

Researchers

Students

Laboratory Technicians

ANYONE interested in concrete

• 120 Technical Committees

• 25 Education and Certification Committees

• 30 Administrative Committees

280,000 hours donated

$35,000,000 cash value

• Codes

• Specifications

• Reports and Guides

• References

• Annual Manual of Concrete Practice

• Concrete International (CI)

• ACI Structural Journal

• ACI Materials Journal

• Information for the design, construction,

and repair of concrete and concrete

structures

• Scholarships and fellowships

• Seminars

• Publications

• Online learning

• Student competitions

• Technical sessions at

ACI conventions

Educational Activities

• 101 Chapters Worldwide

• 58 Chapters in the U.S.A.

• 43 Chapters outside the U.S.A.

Certification • Largest certifying body in the concrete industry

• Over 400,000 exams administered

•Over 26,000 exams conducted per year

• Certified individuals residing in 54 countries

• Certification programs in English, Spanish, French,

Chinese

Certification Programs

• Flatwork Finisher

• Field Technician

• Craftsmen

• Strength Technician

• Laboratory Technician

• Aggregate Technician

• Inspector

• Tilt-Up

• Shotcrete Nozzleman

• Transportation Inspector

•Adhesive Anchor Installer

• Spring and fall conventions

• 330 committee meetings

• 40 technical sessions

• Student competitions

• 1400 to 1600 attendees

representing 34 countries

• 2012 Spring Convention

• March, 2012

• Dallas, Texas, U.S.A.

Conventions

Educator Membership Program

•Full-time Concrete Educators

•Not ACI member 5 years

•Free E-Membership

Magazine & Journal Subscriptions

•Member & Student access to ACI resources

•Member rates for convention

A unified, worldwide community of equal

partners

IBRACON

• Open to all International Partners

• Partners supply abstracts of their papers

to ACI

• ACI includes partner journals on the portal.

• Full text of the journal papers can be hosted

at ACI or the partner’s Web site

www.concrete.org

• ACI Committee 130, Sustainability of

Concrete

• ISO TC-71 SC8

• Seminars, sessions, and forums at

ACI conventions

• Two publications via CAM Publishing

• Concrete Joint Sustainability Initiative (JSI)

• An agreement between 26 U.S.

Concrete-related societies

• Establishing an Industry Vision

for a sustainable future

www.concrete.org

From Liquid to Solid:

Transitions in Concrete Behavior:

or

Concrete Waits for No One

From Liquid to Solid:

Transitions in Concrete Behavior:

or

Concrete Waits for No One

Roberto C. A. Pinto

and Ken Hover

Monitoring the Liquid to Solid

Transition in Concrete

with Conventional Tests

Jon Abel, Roberto Pinto

and Ken Hover

Abel, J.H., Pinto, R.C.A., Hover, K.C., Monitoring the liquid to

solid transition in concrete with standard tests, ACI Special

Publication SP-259: Transition from Fluid to Solid: Re-

Examining the Behavior of Concrete at Early Ages, Kyle Riding,

Editor, American Concrete Institute, March 2009.

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000

Time After Batching Concrete (hrs)

1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing

Testing Fresh Concrete

Finishing

Testing Hard Concrete

Slip Forming

Form RemovalForm Tightening

Shore/Falsework RemovalConstruction Loading

Service LoadingInitial Concrete Temperature

Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing

First-Season Scaling

Later-Season Scaling

Steel Corrosion Appears

Structural RepairMaterial Expense Incurred

Material Invoiced

Material Charged to OwnerOwner Pays ContractorContractor Pays Supplier

Owner Derives Income

Concrete’s

Time Scale

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced



Construction

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced



Fresh Concrete

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced



Hydration

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced



Finance

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced



Service Life

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced



Durability

Maintenance

Repair

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced



Construction =

(1/10)%

Service Life

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced



“Early Age”

= (1/10)%

Service Life

0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000


1 s

ec

1 m

in

10 m

in

1 h

our

1 d

ay

1 w

eek

28-d

ays

56-d

ays

90-d

ays

6 m

onth

s

1 y

ear

2 y

ears

5 y

ears

10 y

ears

15 y

ears

20 y

ears

50 y

ears

1 L

ifetim

e100 y

ears

MixingTransport

Ca(OH)2 Production

Slump Loss Setting

Strength Gain

Hydration

Placing


Finishing


Slip Forming




Curing Environment

Service Environment

Prestressing





Material Invoiced


Owner Derives IncomeFresh State =

(2/1000) %

Service Life

Concrete is hard

for a very long time

(durability problems

notwithstanding)

Concrete is hard


It is fresh for a very short time

Concrete is hard


It is fresh for a very short time

And the rate of transition

matters!

Who worries about this transition

and its rate?

Who cares about this transition

and its rate?

The Contractor!

The contractor is in a race with

the concrete

Time,

and Tide,

wait for

no

Contractor

Time,

and Tide,

and Concrete

wait for

no

Contractor

(or Engineer)

Time,

and Tide,

and Concrete

wait for

no

Contractor

(or Researcher)

Time,

and Tide,

and Concrete

Aggregates Paste

Aggregates Paste

Aggregates can Move in Workable Concrete

Aggregates Paste

LubricantFresh

Concrete

Aggregates Paste

LubricantFresh

Concrete

Hardened

ConcreteAdhesiveHardened

ConcreteAdhesive

A Look Inside

What drives the liquid-to-solid

transition?

Aggregates Paste

LubricantFresh

Concrete

Hardened

ConcreteAdhesiveHardened

ConcreteAdhesive

Development of internal

Shear Resistance

81°

Figure 2

Slump Angle of

Repose

0 mm (0 in) 81°

50 mm (2 in) 76°

100 mm (4 in) 6888

150 mm (6 in) 54°°

200 mm (8 in) 34°

250 mm (10 in) 11°

Assuming constant volume and conical shape

Original Shape

“Slumped” Shape

qo=

81o

q

68°

Hydration

Transitions in Concrete Behavior

Degree of

Hydration

Time (hours to days)


Heat

Released


Heat of

Hydration

About 450 kJ

per

Kg Cement

Heat of

Hydration

About 450 kJ

per

Kg Cement

About 10-15% of Heat

Energy input at Cement

Plant returned to

Contractor

(at no extra charge)

Cornell University, June 21, 2004 Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D.

Contractor’s Heat Bonus

How fast is this heat of hydration produced?

333 kg Cement / m3

3 - 250 Watt Heat Lamps / m3

333 kg Cement / m3

2 - 250 Watt Heat Lamps / m3

Average over first 24 hours

Isothermal Calorimetry

Field Calorimeter

As defined by our ability

to track changes

3-Stages in the

Early Life of Concrete


Slump Loss

Strength Gain

Setting



Slump Loss

Setting


Slu

mp


Slump Loss

Strength Gain

Setting


Pen

etr

ation

Resis

tan

ce

~ 6 mm footprint

~ 0.03-0.04 MPa foot pressure

Measuring Penetration Resistance

Penetrate 1 in

in 10 seconds Contact Area

Force Required

Mortar

ASTM C403

Setting Time

Prof. Roberto C.A. Pinto

U.F.S.C.

Performed

on mortar

sieved

from concrete

Penetration

Test

in concrete


U.F.S.C.

Probe sized to simulate a typical

footprint.

~ No footprint

6 mm @ ~ 0.1 MPa concrete

pressure

Window of Finishability

Begin

Finishing

End Finishing

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

es

ista

nc

e

Time (hours)

Slump Loss

Strength

Gain Setting




Slump Loss

Strength Gain

Setting


Hydration

A Single

Case History

•28 MPa mix

•Air Entrained

•333 kg cem/m3

•13 cm slump

@45 min

•19 mm stone

•Ready-mixed

(Dry Batch Plant)

•Summer


U.F.S.C.

0 1 2 3 4 5

Time After Batching (hrs)

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

Air

Te

mp

era

ture

(C

)

40

50

60

70

80

Re

lative

Hu

mid

ity

Environmental Data

Air Temperature

Relative Humidity

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

(F)

0 1 2 3 4


70

75

80

85

90

Fre

sh

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

F)

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34F

resh C

oncre

te T

em

pera

ture

(C

)

Concrete Temperature

In Troughs

Continuously Agitated

0 1 2 3 4


70

75

80

85

90

Fre

sh

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

F)

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34F

resh C

oncre

te T

em

pera

ture

(C

)

Concrete Temperature

In Troughs


Solar Heating?

Faster Hydration?

No sun?

Air cooling?

Slower Hydration?

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3


2

3

4

5

6

AS

TM

C 2

31 A

ir C

onte

nt (%

)

Fresh Air Content

Measured Air

Air Apparent per Density

Continuously agitated

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3


2

3

4

5

6

AS

TM

C 2

31 A

ir C

onte

nt (%

)

Fresh Air Content

Measured Air

Air Apparent per Density

Outlier?

Continuously agitated

0 1 2 3 4

Hours after Batching

0

1

2

3

4

5

Slu

mp (

inches)

Slump

Unagitated


0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp (

mm

)

0 1 2 3 4


0

1

2

3

4

5

Slu

mp (

inches)

Slump

Unagitated


0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp (

mm

)

Slump Loss Models

Linear 75 mm/Hr

50 mm/Hr

0 1 2 3 4


0

1

2

3

4

5

Slu

mp (

inches)

Slump

Unagitated


0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp (

mm

)

Slump Loss Models

Linear

Parabolic

0 1 2 3 4


0

1

2

3

4

5

Slu

mp (

inches)

Slump

Unagitated


0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp (

mm

)

Slump Loss Models

Linear

Parabolic

Exponential decay

Half-Life = 25 min

0 1 2 3 4


0

1

2

3

4

5

Slu

mp (

inches)

Slump

Unagitated


0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp (

mm

)

Slump Loss Models

Linear

Parabolic

Exponential decay

Half-Life = 25 min

CONSTANT

30 State & Federal Highway Engineers

vs. 1 Truckload of Concrete

“What is the slump

of the concrete?”

30 60 90 120

Minutes after Batching

0

1

2

3

4

Slu

mp

(in

ch

es)

National Highway InstituteConcrete Materials Module

University of Nevada at Reno, 1994

25 mm

50 mm

75 mm

100 mm

30 60 90 120

Minutes after Batching

0

1

2

3

4

Slu

mp

(in

ch

es)

National Highway InstituteConcrete Materials Module

University of Nevada at Reno, 1994

25 mm

50 mm

75 mm

100 mm Slump loss rate

about

50 mm / Hour

0 2 4 6Hours after Batching

1

2

3

4In

ch

es

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

10

20

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

Slump & Setting

Un-agitated Slump

Agitated Slump

Setting

Initial Set

Final Set

Slump

ASTM C143


1

2

3

4In

ch

es

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

10

20

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

Slump & Setting

Un-agitated Slump

Agitated Slump

Setting

Initial Set

Final Set

Penetration Resistance

(Setting)

ASTM C403


1

2

3

4In

ch

es

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

10

20

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

Slump & Setting

Un-agitated Slump

Agitated Slump

Setting

Initial Set

Final Set

Measurable

Penetration Resistance at

about zero slump

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Hours After Batching

0

100

200

300

400

500

Co

mpre

ssiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

psi)

First 12 Hours

Un-agitated Slump

Agitated Slump

Setting

Compression Cyls

0

1

2

3C

om

pre

ssiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

mP

a)

0

10

20

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

C 403 Time

of Final Set

0 2 4 6 8 10 12


0

100

200

300

400

500

Co

mpre

ssiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

psi)

First 12 Hours

Un-agitated Slump

Agitated Slump

Setting

Compression Cyls

0

1

2

3C

om

pre

ssiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

mP

a)

0

10

20

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

C 403 Time

of Final Set

Extrapolate strength-gain

to about Zero slump

0 2 4 6 8 10 12


0

100

200

300

400

500

Co

mpre

ssiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

psi)

First 12 Hours

Un-agitated Slump

Agitated Slump

Setting

Compression Cyls

0

1

2

3C

om

pre

ssiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

mP

a)

0

10

20

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

C 403 Time

of Final Set

Extrapolate strength-gain

to about Zero slump

Measurable Comp. Str.

At about C403 final set

0 40 80 120 160 200


24

26

28

30

32

34

36

Te

mp

era

ture

(C

)

80

85

90

95(F

)

Ambient Air

Concrete & Mortar

Maturity Hours

0

100

200

300

400

500

Ma

turi

ty E

qu

iva

len

t H

ou

rs @

20

C

Arrhenius-Type Maturity, Tref = 20C (68F), Ea = 33.5 kJ/mol

1 10 100 1000 10000

Maturity (Equivalent Hours @20C)

0

100

200

300

400

500

Cu

mu

lative

He

at

Re

lea

se

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

50

100

150

200

Cu

mu

lative

He

at

Re

lea

se

d B

TU

/lb

Ce

me

nt

Field Calorimeter Results

Haybox output

Fitted Curve

1 10 100 1000 10000


0

100

200

300

400

500

Cu

mu

lative

He

at

Re

lea

se

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

50

100

150

200

Cu

mu

lative

He

at

Re

lea

se

d B

TU

/lb

Ce

me

nt


Haybox output

Fitted Curve

[Time, Concrete T, Ea] → Maturity

[Maturity and Calorimetry] → Heat release = f(Maturity)

1 10 100 1000 10000


0

100

200

300

400

500

Cu

mu

lative

He

at

Re

lea

se

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

50

100

150

200

Cu

mu

lative

He

at

Re

lea

se

d B

TU

/lb

Ce

me

nt


Haybox output

Fitted Curve

[Time, Concrete T, Ea] → Maturity

[Maturity and Calorimetry] → Heat release = f(Maturity)

Heat Release = f (degree of hydration)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12


0

100

200

300

400

500

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

psi)

First 12 Hours

Un-agitated Slump

Agitated Slump

Setting

Compression Cyls

Heat Released

0

1

2

3C

om

pre

ssiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

mP

a)

0

10

20

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Cu

mu

lative

He

at R

ele

ase

d B

TU

/lb

0

50

100

150

200

kJ/k

g

C 403 Time

of Final Set

Heat

Released

Typical Heat Evolution

with Time

Heat Evolution with Time

Cumulative heat evolution

Typical Heat Evolution with Time

Cumulative heat evolution

Re-set origin: If expt. begins 1-1/2 hrs after batching

0 2 4 6 8 10 12


0

100

200

300

400

500

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

psi)

First 12 Hours

Un-agitated Slump

Agitated Slump

Setting

Compression Cyls

Heat Released

0

1

2

3C

om

pre

ssiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

mP

a)

0

10

20

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Cu

mu

lative

He

at R

ele

ase

d B

TU

/lb

0

50

100

150

200

kJ/k

g

C 403 Time

of Final Set

Heat

Released

Re-set origin: Expt. begins 1-1/2 hrs after batching

28-Day Properties

0 200 400 600


24

26

28

30

32

34

36

Te

mp

era

ture

(C

)

0 7 14 21 28Days After Batching

80

85

90

95

(F)

Ambient Air

Concrete & Mortar

Maturity Hours

Cum. Heat Released

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Ma

turi

ty E

qu

ivale

nt H

ou

rs @

20

C

0

100

200

Cu

mu

lative

Hea

t R

ele

ased

BT

U/lb

Ce

me

nt

0

100

200

300

400

kJ/k

g

Concrete temperature assumed

constant at 26C (79F)

28 days

0 200 400 600


0

5

10

15

20

25

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

mP

a)


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

(psi)

Compression Strength

Maturity Hours

Cum. Heat Released

Strength Fit

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Ma

turi

ty E

qu

iva

len

t H

ou

rs @

20

C

0

100

200

Cu

mu

lative

Hea

t R

ele

ase

d B

TU

/lb

Ce

me

nt

0

100

200

300

400

kJ/k

g

0 200 400 600


0

5

10

15

20

25

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

mP

a)


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

(psi)

Compression Strength

Maturity Hours

Cum. Heat Released

Strength Fit

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Ma

turi

ty E

qu

iva

len

t H

ou

rs @

20

C

0

100

200

Cu

mu

lative

Hea

t R

ele

ase

d B

TU

/lb

Ce

me

nt

0

100

200

300

400

kJ/k

g

Max Cum. Heat Output

= 350 kj/kg cement

Max Degree of Hydration

= 350 / 450 BTU/lb cement = 80%

0 200 400 600


0

5

10

15

20

25

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (

mP

a)


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

(psi)

Actual Data

FHP Maturity Function

ACI Comm. 209

Maturity Hours

Log Fit

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Ma

turi

ty E

qu

ivale

nt H

ou

rs @

20

C

1 10 100Hours after Batching

80

84

88

92

96

(F)

0

1

2

3

4

5(i

nch

es)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(psi)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ma

rtu

rity

2

0C

Ho

urs

0

40

80

120

160

200

BT

U p

er

lb

Graph 1

Heat Released

26

28

30

32

34

36

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

100

200

300

400

He

at R

ele

ase

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

10

20

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (m

Pa

)Heat Evolution


80

84

88

92

96

(F)

0

1

2

3

4

5(i

nch

es)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(psi)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ma

rtu

rity

2

0C

Ho

urs

0

40

80

120

160

200

BT

U p

er

lb

Graph 1

Concrete Temp

Heat Released

26

28

30

32

34

36

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

100

200

300

400

He

at R

ele

ase

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

10

20

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (m

Pa

)

Concrete Temp


80

84

88

92

96

(F)

0

1

2

3

4

5(i

nch

es)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(psi)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ma

rtu

rity

2

0C

Ho

urs

0

40

80

120

160

200

BT

U p

er

lb

Graph 1

Concrete Temp

Heat Released

Line/Scatter Plot 11

26

28

30

32

34

36

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

100

200

300

400

He

at R

ele

ase

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

10

20

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (m

Pa

)

Air Temp


80

84

88

92

96

(F)

0

1

2

3

4

5(i

nch

es)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(psi)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ma

rtu

rity

2

0C

Ho

urs

0

40

80

120

160

200

BT

U p

er

lb

Graph 1

Concrete Temp

20C Maturity

Heat Released

26

28

30

32

34

36

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

100

200

300

400

He

at R

ele

ase

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

10

20

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (m

Pa

)

Maturity


80

84

88

92

96

(F)

0

1

2

3

4

5(i

nch

es)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(psi)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ma

rtu

rity

2

0C

Ho

urs

0

40

80

120

160

200

BT

U p

er

lb

Graph 1

Concrete Temp

20C Maturity

Heat Released

Slump

26

28

30

32

34

36

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

100

200

300

400

He

at R

ele

ase

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

10

20

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (m

Pa

)

Slump


80

84

88

92

96

(F)

0

1

2

3

4

5(i

nch

es)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(psi)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ma

rtu

rity

2

0C

Ho

urs

0

40

80

120

160

200

BT

U p

er

lb

Graph 1

Concrete Temp

20C Maturity

Heat Released

Setting

Slump

26

28

30

32

34

36

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

100

200

300

400

He

at R

ele

ase

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

10

20

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (m

Pa

)

Setting


80

84

88

92

96

(F)

0

1

2

3

4

5(i

nch

es)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(psi)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ma

rtu

rity

2

0C

Ho

urs

0

40

80

120

160

200

BT

U p

er

lb

Graph 1

Concrete Temp

Compressive Strength

20C Maturity

Heat Released

Setting

Slump

26

28

30

32

34

36

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

100

200

300

400

He

at R

ele

ase

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

10

20

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (m

Pa

)

Compr.

Strength

•Rapid changes in slump & setting

= early and short-fuse events

•Hydration just getting good start by end of

slump-loss & setting periods

•Heat-release and maturity

= continuous functions over entire period

•Tracking changes requires multiple testing

specialists, working quickly.


Slump Loss

Strength Gain

Setting


Hydration

Batc

h

Tra

nsport

Dis

charg

e

Pla

ce

Consolid

ate

Flo

at

Fin

ish

Cure

Pro

tect

Pre

str

ess

Rem

vove form

s

Ap

ply

Co

nstr

uctio

n L

oa

ds

Accept

Ap

ply

Se

rvic

e L

oa

ds

Pay for

work

com

ple

ted


80

84

88

92

96

(F)

0

1

2

3

4

5(i

nch

es)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

(psi)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

(psi)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ma

rtu

rity

2

0C

Ho

urs

0

40

80

120

160

200

BT

U p

er

lb

Graph 1

Concrete Temp

Compressive Strength

20C Maturity

Heat Released

Setting

Slump

26

28

30

32

34

36

Co

ncre

te T

em

pe

ratu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

Slu

mp

(m

m)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Pe

ne

tra

tio

n R

esis

tan

ce

(m

Pa

)

100

200

300

400

He

at R

ele

ase

d k

J/k

g C

em

en

t

0

10

20

Co

mp

ressiv

e S

tre

ng

th (m

Pa

)

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