myanmar (courtney).ppt

7/23/2019 Myanmar (Courtney).ppt

1/44

By,

Courtney M.


2/44

Map of Burma


3/44

Early HistoryIt is believed that the Mon people were the rst

to migrate into the Ayeyarwady alley. !hiso""urred in appro#. $%&& BCE. !he Mon were

!heravada Bhuddists and dominated thesouthern areas of Burma.'ollowing the Mon was the (yu ) now *nown as

Burmese+ peoples who arrived in Burma in $st"entury BC.!hese *ingdoms de"lined in the thA- when what

is present unnan atta"*ed./ote0 the Mon are still a prominent peoples in

Burma, ma*ing up the 1ndlargest population in

the nation after the Burmese.


4/44

Modern -ay Mon Children


5/44

2ing Anawrahta )$&334$&55

A-+2ing Anawrahta was the rst 2ing to rule over

Myanmar as a single *ingdom. He united theBurmese and the Mon into one nation andmade !heravada Buddhism the nationalreligion. His "apital was at Bagan in theAyeyarwaddy alley and it 6ourish as areligious "enter lled with pagodas andshrines.


6/44

Anawrahta7s Bagan


7/44

Ananda !emple )Bagan+


8/44

2ublai 2han8!he

Mongols8!ai49hanIn $155 2ublai 2han7s for"es began invading

Burma, ending the Bagan *ingdom.:ith the Mongols "ame the !ai49han ) ofunnan + who spread out into the areas ofBurma, !hailand, and Cambodia.!he Mongols leave in $1;5, but the 2ingdom of

Bagan has been irreversibly split into four main

*ingdoms 0 Ava or Inwa ) "ontrolling theBurmese upper state+, the Mon *ingdom ofHanthawady founded by 2ing :areru) "ontrolling lower Burma +, the


9/44

2ublai 2han


10/44

!aungoo )$%=$4$5%1+>ed by the young *ing !abinshweti, age nine,!aungoo defeated the power Mon *ingdom atBago, reunifying 9outhern Burma by $%3&.

!abinshweti7s son, Bayinnnaung , "ontinues onthe *ingdom by "on?uering @pper Burma,Manipur, the 9han 9tates, Chiang Mai ) part ofwhat is now northern !hailand +, Ayutthaya )part

of !hailand+, and >an ang ) a se"tion of >aos. +However, Bayinnaung7s empire unraveledalmost immediately after his death in $%;$.


11/44

!aungoo )"ont7d+However, Bayinnaung7s grandson

Anau*petlun regrouped and reestablished asmaller *ingdom "overing @pper Burma,>ower Burma, and the 9han 9tates.

After Anau*petlun7son !halun7s reign )$14$3;+ the *ingdom slowly de"lined for the

ne#t hundred years until, with the help of the'ren"h and the 9iamese, the Mon su""essfullyrebel and nally divided the remains of the*ingdom.


12/44

!aungoo


13/44

2onbaung )$5%14$;;%+'ounded by 2ing Alaungpaya who also foundedangon )also *nown as


14/44

2ing Mindon founds Mandalay and ma*es it

his "apital in $;%. Dne of the most revered*ings in Burmese history, Mindon su""essfullybalan"es the growing threats of 'ren"h andBritish "on?uests.

In $;;% Britain o"ially lays "laim to Burma,

"apturing Mandalay and e#iling the royalfamily to India.

2onbaung Cont7d


15/44


16/44

British Capture of Mandalay


17/44

Colonnial (eriod )$;;4

$3;+Burma is administered as a provin"e of British

India prior to be"oming a self4governing "olony in$=5.

In a failed attempt to fa"ilitate trade, Britainopened Burma7s borders to India and China.However, soon the new immigrants displa"ed thenative Burmese in the larger urban areas.D"tober $$0 iolen"e brea*s out at the

Eindawya (agoda in Mandalay when Burmesemon*s try to prevent non4buddhist Britsh fromentering. !he head mon* is senten"ed to life inprison. Mon*s su"h as @ :isara be"ome martyrs innew protests and uprisings against British


18/44

Burmese Mon*


19/44

Colonial Burma


20/44

@sing Burmese >abor to build !hai4Burmese


21/44

:riter Feorge Drwell is stationed as a poli"ein Burma for ve years. His story G@pon9hooting an Elephant is a result of his yearsin the "olony.

) Drwell7s station in

Burma +


22/44

Colonial 'lag ofBurma


23/44

'ebruary $1 , $35!he (anglong Agreement 0 Aung 9an7s

administration rea"hes an agreement with the9han, 2a"hin, and Chin peoples. It de"laredGfull autonomy in internal administration forthe 'rontier Areas. !his agreement alsoestablished the 2a"hin 9tate, thenorthernmost state in Burma. A Chin 9tatewas also brought into being the following year.


24/44

Aung 9an


25/44

anuary 3th

$3;Burma is given its independen"e and

be"omes a republi" *nown as the G@nion ofBurma. @nli*e most of the previous British"olonies, Burma did not be"ome part of theBritsh Commonwealth of /ations.

!he /ew


26/44

'lag of Independent

Burma


27/44

/e :in7s Coup-emo"rati" rule of Burma is ended with the "oupd7etat of Feneral /e :in. Driginally the Burmese(rime Minister, /e :in overthrew the governmentand too* the titles of Chairman, Head of 9tate,

and leader of the


28/44

/e :in7s Coup Cont7duly 5, $1 0


29/44

Feneral /e :in


30/44

Burmese :ay !o 9o"ialism

)$14$;;+/e :in begins an agenda of nationaliKation of

industries, repression of minorities, and a poli"estate. !hese ideals led to e#pulsion of foreigners,

isolationism, and "losing oL the e"onomy. !riedto enfor"e a state4san"tioned form of Buddhism.

!his agenda in"reased Burma7s stability and*ept it separated from getting entangled in

Asian Cold :ar "on6i"ts. However, it also lead toa great in"rease in poverty and a military revolt.

/e :in develops government as a Military unta.


31/44

Military Coup of $;;In /e :in7s farewell spee"h at his resignation, he

threatened that even though he was steppingdown from o"e, protestors would not be

wel"ome in Burma and that the soldiers meant toput them down would Gshoot straight to hit.

!atmadaw !roops upheld this promise,systemati"ally *illing and maiming hundreds of

protestors throughout the "ountry.9eptember $;, $;; 0 Feneral 9aw Maung

brutally "rushes protestor uprisings in angon.!here is rumor that /e :in has helped to plan ande#e"ute the "oup from the ba"*ground.


32/44

Feneral 9aw Maung


33/44

May $!he Burmese Fovernment holds its rst free

ele"tions in =& years. !he /ational >eague for-emo"ra"y, the party of female Burmese hero

Aung 9an 9uu 2yi won by a landslide, howeverthe Military unta7s party, the 9tate (ea"e and-evelopment Coun"il, annulled the results,refusing to step down. Aung 9an 9uu 2yi was

put under house arrest soon after and remainsso today.


34/44


35/44

Mar"h 3, 1&&1An alleged plot to overthrow the military unta

developed by /e :in7s son4in4law Aye Naw:in was e#posed. Aye Naw :in and his wife

)/e :in7s daughter + 9andar :in were putunder house arrest along with /e :in himself.

!hat 9eptember Aye Naw :in and his threesons were found guilty of treason and

senten"ed to death. !hey are still awaitinge#e"ution in


36/44

1&&5 @prisings!he uprisings in August were led by well4*nown

rebels su"h as Min 2o /aing, who obtains thenom de guerre G *ing of *ings. !he Military

"ra"* down on the uprisings ?ui"*ly and stillrefuses to allow the


37/44

Mon*s (rotesting in

9ittwe


38/44

(rotestors in angon


39/44

Cy"lone /argisMay =rd, 1&&; 0 Cy"lone /argis devastated Burma

when it stru"* the densely populated ri"e4farmingarea of Irrewaddy. Current reports suggest that

more than $=&,&&& people are either missing ordead from the disaster. It is on re"ord as theworst disaster in Burmese history. !he BurmeseFovernment failed to allow large4s"ale foreign aidservi"es into the "ountry, however news stories

state that the foreign aid that was provided todisaster vi"tims was modied to ma*e it appearas if it was from the military regime, with allmedia running photos of Feneral !han 9hwe

"eremonially handing out disaster relief.


40/44

i"tims of the 9torm


41/44


42/44


43/44

JBurma Oa"ir"POQ;=3POQ;11&P '


44/44

:or*s Consulted Cont7d

JBurma History.J Ber*eley Fraduate9"hool of ournalism. 1; an. 1&&

Thttp088ournalism.ber*eley.edu8proe"ts8burma8history.htmlU.

JMyanmar History 4 2ing Anawrahta.J

MA/MA

myanmar (courtney).ppt

Documents