mysql's json data type and document store
TRANSCRIPT
Confoo VancouverDecember 6th 2016
MySQL’s JSON
& Docstore
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● Dave Stokes− Started using PHP when it was called Personal
Home Page (and moved from Msql to MySQLabout the same time)
− Was hired at MySQL AB as a PHP Programmer in the MySQL Certification Group
− Now MySQL Community Manager for Oracle− Lives in Justin Texas
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[email protected] @Stoker
● 21 Years Old Latest Release is MySQL 5.7, MySQL 8 Announced
Group Replication and Document Store
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MySQL Recap
JSON Data Type
JSON Standard
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7159
&http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-
404.htm
{ "id": 1, "name": "A green door", "price": 12.50, "tags": ["home", "green"]}
JSON Example
UTF8MB4The JSON standards specify that all JSON documents will be in the UTF8MB4 character set.
Not Jason
JSON is a data type like INT or CHAR in MySQL
5.7--
So you can save a document in column of a
row in a table of a database!
Note:
MySQL handles strings used in JSON context using the utf8mb4 character set and utf8mb4_bin collation. Strings in other character sets are converted to utf8mb4 as necessary. (For strings in the ascii or utf8 character sets, no conversion is needed because ascii and utf8 are subsets of utf8mb4.)--https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json.html
--https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json.html
Optimized storage format: JSON documents stored in JSON columns are converted to an internal format that permits quick read access to document elements. When the server later must read a JSON value stored in this binary format, the value need not be parsed from a text representation. The binary format is structured to enable the server to look up subobjects or nested values directly by key or array index without reading all values before or after them in the document.
You could store JSON data in a
CHAR/Varchar/text field but there are
no easy to use functions to help or
you end up using regex -- ughh!!!!
mysql>CREATE TABLE foobar (foo INT, bar JSON);
mysql>INSERT INTO foobar VALUES (1,'{ "name" : "dave", "home" : [ "Justin", "Texas", 76247 ]}');
mysql> SELECT * FROM foobar;+------+------------------------------------------------------+| foo | bar |+------+------------------------------------------------------+| 1 | {"home": ["Justin", "Texas", 76247], "name": "dave"} |+------+------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
JSON Functions to ...
× Create JSON values
× Search JSON values
× Modify JSON value
× Return JSON value attributes
Name DescriptionJSON_APPEND() Append data to JSON documentJSON_ARRAY() Create JSON arrayJSON_ARRAY_APPEND() Append data to JSON documentJSON_ARRAY_INSERT() Insert into JSON array-> Return value from JSON column after evaluating path;
equivalent to JSON_EXTRACT().JSON_CONTAINS() Whether JSON document contains specific object at pathJSON_CONTAINS_PATH() Whether JSON document contains any data at pathJSON_DEPTH() Maximum depth of JSON documentJSON_EXTRACT() Return data from JSON document->> Return value from JSON column after evaluating path
and unquoting the result,JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT()).JSON_INSERT() Insert data into JSON documentJSON_KEYS() Array of keys from JSON documentJSON_LENGTH() Number of elements in JSON documentJSON_MERGE() Merge JSON documentsJSON_OBJECT() Create JSON objectJSON_QUOTE() Quote JSON documentJSON_REMOVE() Remove data from JSON documentJSON_REPLACE() Replace values in JSON documentJSON_SEARCH() Path to value within JSON documentJSON_SET() Insert data into JSON documentJSON_TYPE() Type of JSON valueJSON_UNQUOTE() Unquote JSON valueJSON_VALID() Whether JSON value is valid
JSON_EXTRACT
JSON_EXTRACT(json_doc, path[, path …])
mysql> SELECT json_extract(bar,'$.Breed') FROM foo;+-----------------------------+| json_extract(bar,'$.Breed') |+-----------------------------+| NULL || ["Beagle", "Small"] |+-----------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_EXTRACT shorthand ->
column->path
mysql> SELECT bar->'$.Breed' FROM foo;+---------------------+| bar->'$.Breed' |+---------------------+| NULL || ["Beagle", "Small"] |+---------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Example
mysql> select * from foo;+------+------------------------------------------------+| id | bar |+------+------------------------------------------------+| 1 | {"name": "Dave"} || 2 | {"name": "Jack", "Breed": ["Beagle", "Small"]} |+------+------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
JSON_contains
mysql> select * from foo;+------+------------------------------------------------+| id | bar |+------+------------------------------------------------+| 1 | {"name": "Dave"} || 2 | {"name": "Jack", "Breed": ["Beagle", "Small"]} |+------+------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT json_contains(bar,'{\"name\": \"Dave\"}') FROM foo;+-------------------------------------------+| json_contains(bar,'{\"name\": \"Dave\"}') |+-------------------------------------------+| 1 || 0 |+-------------------------------------------+
JSON_contains_pathmysql> select * from foo;+------+------------------------------------------------+| id | bar |+------+------------------------------------------------+| 1 | {"name": "Dave"} || 2 | {"name": "Jack", "Breed": ["Beagle", "Small"]} |+------+------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select json_contains_path(bar,'one','$.Breed') from foo;
+-----------------------------------------+ [ONE\ALL]| json_contains_path(bar,'one','$.Breed') |+-----------------------------------------+| 0 || 1 |+-----------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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JSON_contains_pathmysql> select json_contains_path(bar,'one','$.Breed') from foo;+-----------------------------------------+ | json_contains_path(bar,'one','$.Breed') |+-----------------------------------------+| 0 || 1 |+-----------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from foo where json_contains_path(bar,’one’,’$.Breed);
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An example using a WHERE clause.
JSON_INSERTmysql> UPDATE foo set bar = JSON_INSERT(bar, '$[99]', 'x');Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from foo;+------+-------------------------------------------------------+| id | bar |+------+-------------------------------------------------------+| 1 | [{"name": "Dave"}, "x"] || 2 | [{"name": "Jack", "Breed": ["Beagle", "Small"]}, "x"] |+------+-------------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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Insert position, append to end if not exist
JSON_REPLACE
UPDATE foo set bar =
JSON_REPLACE(bar, '$[0]',JSON_ARRAY(1,2,3));Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 2 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from foo;+------+------------------+| id | bar |+------+------------------+| 1 | [[1, 2, 3], "x"] || 2 | [[1, 2, 3], "x"] |+------+------------------+
...])JSON_depth
mysql> select * from foo;+------+-------------------------------------------------------+| id | bar |+------+-------------------------------------------------------+| 1 | [{"name": "Dave"}, "x"] || 2 | [{"name": "Jack", "Breed": ["Beagle", "Small"]}, "x"] |+------+-------------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select json_depth(bar) from foo;+-----------------+| json_depth(bar) |+-----------------+| 3 || 4 |+-----------------+
JSON_KEYSselect json_keys('{"name" : "dave", "food" : "pizza" }');+---------------------------------------------------+| json_keys('{"name" : "dave", "food" : "pizza" }') |+---------------------------------------------------+| ["food", "name"] |+---------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Note: Keys are sorted!!
No Indexes
JSON columns, like columns of other binary types, are not indexed directly; instead, you can create an index on a generated column that extracts a scalar value from the JSON column.--http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json.html
mysql> CREATE TABLE snafu (stuff JSON, idx INT GENERATED ALWAYS AS ('stuff->$.id'));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Generated JSON data index
This index can be used in a SQL query to quickly find particular IDs
SELECT * FROM snafu WHERE idx = 17;
IS THIS JSON STUFF GOOD IDEA?
Schemaless data is handy, easy to implement, and needs no data architecting. Or DBA
But their is no enforced rigor to the data, is can be messy, inconsistent (E-mail, email, e_mail, eMail), and it is hard to get insights into the nature of the data. Also confusing as data evolves.
But if you need to store JSON formatted data, this is a pretty good way to do so.
New JSON FunctionsThis release adds an unquoting extraction operator ->>, sometimes also referred to as an inline path operator, for use with JSON documents stored in MySQL. The new operator is similar to the -> operator, but performs JSON unquoting of the value as well. For a JSON column mycol and JSON path expression mypath, the following three expressions are equivalent:
JSON_UNQUOTE( JSON_EXTRACT(mycol, "$.mypath") )
JSON_UNQUOTE(mycol->"$.mypath")
mycol->>"$.mypath"
The ->> operator can be used in SQL statements wherever JSON_UNQUOTE(JSON_EXTRACT()) would be allowed. This includes (but is not limited to) SELECT lists, WHERE and HAVING clauses, and ORDER BY and GROUP BY clauses.
Mysql 8 - developer milestone release
New JSON FunctionsStarting with MySQL 8.0 (lab release) two new aggregation functions were added and can be used to combine data into JSON arrays/objects:
JSON_ARRAYAGG()JSON_OBJECTAGG()
Mysql 8 - developer milestone release
preproduction release
The MySQL Document Store is a schema-less and therefore schema-flexible, storage system for documents. When using MySQL as a document store, to create documents describing products you do not need to know and define all possible attributes of any products before storing them and operating with them. This differs from working with a relational database and storing products in a table, when all columns of the table must be known and defined before adding any products to the database.
CRUD Operations -- Create, Read, Update and Delete (CRUD) operations are the four basic operations that can be performed on a database Collection or Table. In terms of MySQL this means:
X Plugin The MySQL Server plugin which enables communication using X Protocol. Supports clients that implement X DevAPI and enables you to use MySQL as a document store.
X Protocol A protocol to communicate with a MySQL Server running X Plugin. X Protocol supports both CRUD and SQL operations, authentication via SASL, allows streaming (pipelining) of commands and is extensible on the protocol and the message layer
See chapter 3 of the MySQL 5.7 Documentation
No SQL!mysql-py> db.countryinfo.find("_id = 'AUS'")[ { "GNP": 351182, "IndepYear": 1901, "Name": "Australia", "_id": "AUS", "demographics": { "LifeExpectancy": 79.80000305175781, "Population": 18886000 }, "geography": { "Continent": "Oceania", "Region": "Australia and New Zealand", "SurfaceArea": 7741220 }, "government": { "GovernmentForm": "Constitutional Monarchy, Federation", "HeadOfState": "Elisabeth II" } }]1 document in set (0.01 sec)
Q/A
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