COMUNICAÇÃO TÉCNICA ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Nº 173820

Key enablers for electric vehicles and other sustainable transport solution in Brazil Adriano Galindo Leal

Slides apresentado no ITS WORLD CONGRES

BRODEAUX, 22., 2015, Bordeaux, França. Lecture.

29 slides. série “Comunicação Técnica” compreende trabalhos elaborados por técnicos do IPT, apresentados em eventos, publicados em revistas especializadas ou quando seu conteúdo apresentar relevância pública. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo

S/A - IPT Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532 | Cidade Universitária ou

Caixa Postal 0141 | CEP 01064-970 São Paulo | SP | Brasil | CEP 05508-901

Tel 11 3767 4374/4000 | Fax 11 3767-4099

www.ipt.br

Viajeo PLUS International Coordination for

Implementation of Innovative and

Efficient Urban Mobility Solutions

“Key Enablers for Electric

Vehicles and other Sustainable

Transport Solutions in Brazil”

Adriano Galindo Leal,

Ph.D. Electrical Engineer

www.viajeoplus.eu

Contents

• Key Success Factor, Enablers and Barriers for E Buses on PT

• COP 21 - New International Climate Change Agreement

• Air Pollution and Transport

• Renewable energy sources in the global energy mix

• Sustainable solutions in Brazil

• Conclusion

06/11/2015 Viajeo Plus 2

The key success factors

• Public demand for clean air and

pollution reduction

• Considerable energy consumption

reduction

• Considerable CO2 reduction

• Large network of charging stations

• Charging at end stations to optimize

operational time

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Key Enablers

• Total Cost of ownership equal or lower

than traditional options

• New developed full-electric bus technology

• Better battery technology

• Standardization

• Bus-stop charging station technology

• Clean energy supply and energy storage

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Key Barriers

• Electrical Buses have a higher Total Cost

of Ownership than Biodiesel and Diesel

S50 technologies;

– Investments costs for new buses and

maintenance

– Charging stations

– Battery life

– Availability of national suppliers of key

components

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COP 21 - New international climate

change agreement

Sustainable Energy for All:

“by 2030 we will have to redouble our

energy efficiency and redouble the

renewable energy source in the global

energy mix”.

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, UN

Headquarters, 14 September 2015

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Carbon dioxide emissions in metric

tons per capita

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New Climate Agreement - 2030

Brazil is the world's seventh biggest greenhouse

gas polluter.

Brazil will cut its emissions by 37 percent by

2025 from 2005 levels by reducing deforestation

and boosting the share of renewable sources in

its energy mix.

Also, aims to get 66 percent of its electricity from

hydropower and 23 percent from other

renewable sources including wind, solar and

biomass.

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Domestic Supply of Electric Energy

Brazil 2014

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Non-renewable 25%

Renewable 75%

Total 624,3 TWh (2,6% in the world)

Oil 20%

Industrial Gas 7%

Uranium 10%

Coal 12%

Gas 51%

Non-renewable 158,6 TWh

Hydro 87%

Sugar Cane products

7%

Wind Energy 3%

Solar 0,0035%

Other Renewable

3%

Renewable 465,5 TWh (8,3% in the world)

Air Pollution Impacts

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Air pollution is already known

to increase risks for a wide

range of diseases, such as

respiratory and heart

diseases.

Guideline values

PM2.5

10 μg/m3 annual mean

25 μg/m3 24-hour mean

PM10

20 μg/m3 annual mean

50 μg/m3 24-hour mean

Main GHG: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane hydrocarbons

(NMHC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), aldehydes (RCHO) and particulate matter (PM).

Air Polution and Transport Vehicular emissions is the major air pollution component at the

Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP), with population of

about 18 million people.

PM concentrations and aerosol composition of

– PM2.5 range from 10 to 12 µg/m3

– PM2.5-10 range from 16 to 18 µg/m3

– PM10 average concentration of 34 µg/m3

The Absolute Principal Factor Analysis identified and quantified

the impact of vehicular components (~60%), soil dust (~10%), industrial emissions and sulfate (~20%), marine

aerosol (~5%) and secondary aerosol (~5%).

06/11/2015 Adriano Galindo Leal, PhD EE 11

Vehicles by Category in São Paulo

Mega City.

Category

Fuel

State of São Paulo

average age

RM of São Paulo

Automobiles

Gasoline C 3.642.310

9,2

2.009.809

Hydrous Ethanol 325.418 137.527

Flex 6.098.623 3.071.990

Light Commercial

Gasoline C 664.224

7,3

389.436

Hydrous Ethanol 32.161 12.556

Flex 909.887 395.714

Diesel 401.813 180.837

Trucks

Semi light

Diesel

39.361

11,5

15.437

Light 119.406 46.621

Medium 71.270 28.060

Semi heavy 113.618 44.999

Heavy 118.158 46.546

Bus

Urban

Diesel

65.357

10,6

34.786

Micro bus 14.375 7.805

Road 29.333 15.247

Motorcycles Gasoline C 2.160.266

7,0 791.255

Flex 466.115 105.317

Total 15.271.695 9,12 7.333.942

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Vehicles emitted a total of 39 million tons

of CO2eq. There was a reduction in the

order of 7% in particular by increasing the

use of ethanol to replace gasoline and the

reduction of diesel consumption. The

largest contribution comes from trucks and

buses, about 16 million tons of CO2eq,

followed by cars with about 15 million

tons.

In 2014 they were emitted in the São Paulo

State 417,000 tons of CO, 85,000 tons of

NMHC, 172,000 tons of NOx 4,900 tons of

MP, 5,600 tons of SO2 and 1,800 tons of

aldehydes, all toxic pollutants.

São Paulo Metropolitan Area Policies

• to prioritize public transportation:

– Limit speed to 50km/h everywhere;

– Increase on exclusive lanes for buses;

– Increase cycling networks;

• 15.000 new buses after 2016 obeying EURO

6 emissions standards. Until 2017, 2.500

new buses must be commissioned.

• shifting to cleaner heavy duty diesel vehicles

and low-emissions vehicles and fuels,

including fuels with reduced sulfur content.

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Brazil alternative fuels programs to

reduced CO2 emissions in PT • Natural Gas – terminated Project due to gas

technology is more expensive than diesel’s.

• Electrical – almost zero emissions depending on

the electrical energy mix

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• Hybrid (dual fuel)

– Electrical – Diesel S50 or Biodiesel

– Diesel S50 or Biodiesel - Ethanol

• Sugarcane Diesel

• Biodiesel - derived from vegetable oils or

animal fats reacting with alcohol with the

assistance of a catalyst.

Comparative results of fuel and emissions

Technology Fuel Emissions in contrast to Diesel S50

Biodiesel B20 -22% PM + 8% NOx

Sugarcane Diesel

AMD10 -9% PM -4% Nox

Ethanol Ethanol -90% PM -64% Nox

Dual Fuel Ethanol + Diesel S50

-50% PM -50% Nox

Trolleybus Electrical Energy

Zero

Hybrid Diesel -50% PM - 50% Nox

FCB Hydrogen Zero

Battery Battery Zero 15

The best alternative from an

environmental point of view is

the electric bus, while from

financial point of view, the

alternative that has the lowest

total cost of ownership is

biodiesel (B20).

However, supply issues in

biodiesel regarding scale,

financing and quality (unusual

corrosion was observed 1200

motors), was the reason for the

indefinite suspension of

SPTRANS program.

Trolleybus Municipal System of São

Paulo

Inaugurated in 1949, is the oldest and the most

active in Brazil and around the Southern

Hemisphere, currently operating 200 vehicles in 13

lines.

On Santo André, São Bernardo and São

Caetano, the trolleybus saved 4.3 million liters

of diesel in 2013.

in the same year, In São Paulo, these vehicles

prevented 13,000 tons of CO2 to be expel into

the air. Furthermore, the electric buses saved 5.3

million liters of diesel. 06/11/201

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Electric and Hybrid Buses

There is a robust ecosystem of bus

manufacturers installed in Brazil.

• Of the domestic manufacturers of

clean busses Electra from São

Bernardo do Campo

• among the multinationals Volvo

and Renault in Curitiba, and

BYD in Campinas.

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Conclusions – Part 1/3

Due to the existing characteristics

and conditions in Brazil and Latin

America, the transport solutions

are very sensitive to cost and

availability of fuel used, and the

total cost of ownership.

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In terms of R & D for the next 10 years,

there will still be a lot of money and energy

devoted to research biofuels.

Several deployments and demonstrations

projects in eletromobility are in place.

Full Electrical Buses combined with

incentive taxes are the economical and

environmental best solution.

Conclusions – Part 2/3

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Final Thoughts – What is essential? • Public demand for clean air and pollution

reduction - solution: raising awareness;

• IPT is working on the creation of mobile apps and

distribution of gas sensors across the city on top

of buses to grow awareness through

dissemination of daily and geolocated GHG level;

• Better technologies for batteries;

• Full Electrical Solutions with lower total ownership

cost than diesel and biofuel solution.

Diversity in the energy matrix is mandatory

against all kind of instabilities.

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Thank you!

Adriano Galindo Leal,

Ph.D. Electrical Engineer

Institute for Technological Research

leal@ipt.br

For more detail information, please, access:

06/11/2015 Viajeo Plus 21

www.viajeoplus.eu

Who we are

One of the first applied R&D&I institutions in Brazil

Corporation controlled by São Paulo State Treasury Office - State of São Paulo Government.

Annual revenue: 48 million EUR

2014 Figures

Human Resources Dec. 2014

Researchers 412

Technicians 219

Administrative Support

274

Interns 113

Total 1018

66,5 % R&D contracts and services

33,5 % State of São

Paulo Government

Technical Production: -Technical Documents: 28,199 technical reports - Number of clients: 4,080 - Number of clients “municipalities”: 92 in SP e 37 in other states. - Ongoing projects: 150 - Publications: 295 papers in journals and congresses - Patents and softwares: 18

1.00 BRL = 0.325943 USD

Technical Centers

CT-Obras Center for Infrastructure Work Technology

CTMM Center for Technology in Metallurgy and Materials

CTGeo Center for Geoenvironmental Technologies

CT-Floresta Center for Forest Resource Technology

CTMetro Center for Mechanical, Electrical and Fluid Flow Metrology

CQuiM Center for Chemistry and Manufactured Goods

CIAM Center for Information Technology, Automation and Mobility

CETAC Center for the Built Environment

CTMNE Center for Mechanical, Naval and Electrical Technologies

NT- BIONANO Nucleus for Bionanomanufacturing

NT – MPE Nucleus for Technological Support to Medium and to Small Enterprises

LEL Light Weight Laboratory

Center for

Computer Technology,

Automation and

Mobility

(CIAM)

Numbers of CIAM

• Staff: 42 people

– 10 MSc; 2 PhD

– 10 postgraduate students

– 13 graduate

– 5 technicians (high school degree)

– 2 administrative assistants

• Interns: 9 undergraduate students

• Annual Budget: 3 million EUR

CIAM areas of development

• Smart Cities (Intelligent Transportation Systems, RFID, Internet of Things, Smart Grid, e-Gov, m-Gov, Smart Governance on Public Concessions);

• Embedded Software;

• Compliance analysis of computer systems;

• Computing and information systems for public sector;

• Engineering computer systems.

SAGMD– Automation, Governance and

Digital Mobility Section

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1. Smart Cities

Homologation of BUS payment, security and automation equipment for SPTRANS

Homologation of tax control equipment (ECF, REP and SAT);

Electronic raffle solution for Governmental events (Minha Casa Minha Vida, São Paulo invoice);

Verification of Protocol Conformance and Interoperability (NTCIP, SEMPARAR, ...) ;

Development of Internet of things applications for smart cities.

2. Governance

Oversight of delegated public services;

Technological verification of toll collection systems.

3. Digital Automation Solutions

Development and integration of software and hardware;

RFID Solutions;

Computer systems for flow measurement of liquids.

4. Architecture Evaluation of Complex Systems and Hardware for

The legal system

Threads of Expertise

Head of Section: Alessandro Santiago dos Santos (alesan@ipt.br)

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ITS equipment Manufacturer;

Governmental sector;

Companies producing durable goods;

Asset managers;

ICT equipment manufacturers;

Automation Projects for Electronics Systems;

Systems for Decision Making for Electricity Distributors (Smart Grid).

Past Projects

System implementation for the monthly prize draw in the Municipality of Salvador;

Technology Verification of Intelligent Transportation Systems of Highway Concessionaires for ARTESP (Regulatory Agency of Transportation);

Project which studies the major causes of failures in the operation of lighthouses and solutions to increase efficiency in semaphore park in Sao Paulo in partnership with CET.

Infrastructure

Laboratory for development of Radio Frequency Identification Solutions (RFID)

Target Market

SAGMD– Automation, Governance and

Digital Mobility Section