NATIONALISM IN INDIASection 14.4

SETTING THE STAGE (453) After World War 1, the

, which controlled India, began to show signs of cracking

This stirred nationalist activity in India

Many upper-class Indians who attended British schools learned European views of and

.

INDIAN NATIONALISM GROWS (453)

Two groups formed to rid India of British rule: Hindu Indian National Congress Muslim League

Though deep divisions existed between the and , they shared

common ground. Both worked toward the goal of

from .

WORLD WAR I INCREASES NATIONALIST ACTIVITY (453)

In return for their military service in WWI, the British promised that would lead to .

The British did not fulfill this promise To curb violence among nationalists, the British

passed the Acts, which allowed the government to protesters without trial for up to .

AMRITSAR MASSACRE (453-454) To protest the Rowlatt Acts, Hindus and

Muslims gathered to Amritsar They intended to , , and listen to

political speeches The British commander believed they were

openly defying a ban on public meetings He ordered his troops to fire on the crowd. The shooting lasted about minutes

and killed Indians This massacre turned many loyal British

subjects into .

AMRITSAR MASSACRE

GANDHI’S TACTICS OF NONVIOLENCE (454)

Mohandas K. emerged as the leader of the nationalist movement

His strategy for battling injustice evolved from a approach to politics.

His followers called him which

translated to “Great Soul”

NONCOOPERATION & BOYCOTTS (454-455)

In 1920, the Congress party endorsed , the deliberate

and public refusal to obey an unjust law. Gandhi called on Indians to refuse to:

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He staged a successful boycott of British .

He wore only homespun cloth and encouraged Indians to follow his example.

STRIKES AND DEMONSTRATIONS (455)

Gandhi’s weapon of civil disobedience took an economic toll on the British

They struggled to keep trains running, factories operating and overcrowded jails from bursting

The British arrested thousands of Indians Despite Gandhi’s pleas for ,

protests often led to riots

THE SALT MARCH (455)

In 1930 Gandhi organized a demonstration to protest the Acts. Indians could only by salt from the

. They also had to pay on salt

To show their opposition, they marched 240 miles to the seacoast and began to make their own salt.

This peaceful protest was called the .

SALT MARCH CONT’D (455)

Police officers attacked the demonstrators with

.

The people refused to defend themselves against their attackers.

Newspapers covered the incident and won support for the nationalists

BRITAIN GRANTS LIMITED SELF-RULE (455)

In 1935 the British Parliament passed the Act

It provided local self-government and limited democratic elections

Tensions mounted between the and the .