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Cl sEcTioN Quiz A New Deal Fights the Depression Section 1

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A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the term or name that best matches the description.

a. Federal Securities Act e. Agricultural Adjustment Act b. Glass-Steagall Banking Act f. Emergency Banking Relief Act c. Tennessee Valley Authority g. National Industrial Recovery Act d. Civilian Conservation Corps h. Federal Emergency Relief Administration

1. This established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), with the greater goal of restoring public confidence in the banking system.

2. This provided direct relief in the form of food and clothing to the neediest people hit by the Depression-the unemployed, the aged, and the ill.

3. This helped to create prosperity in a poverty-stricken region by providing funds to build and repair dams, Hood-control projects, and power plants.

4. This paid farmers to lower production and, in some cases, to destroy crops, with the greater goal of raising crop prices and farm income.

5. This put almost 3 million young men to work building roads, developing parks, and helping in soil-erosion and Hood-control projects.

6. This required corporations to provide complete information on all stock offerings, with the greater goal of restoring public confidence in the stock market.

7. This authorized the Treasury Department to inspect banks and to close those that were unsound, with the greater goal of restoring public confidence in the banking system.

8. This created an administration that set fair prices on many products and established labor standards, with the greater goal of ensuring fair business practices and promoting industrial growth.

B. Extended Response Briefly answer the following question on the back of this paper.

Identify one objection that each of the following had to parts or all of the New Deal: conservative groups such as the American Liberty League, liberals such as Huey Long, and the Supreme Court.

The New Deal 283

Name Date

• sectioN Quiz The Second New Deal Takes Hold Section 2

A. Terms and Names In the middle column, identify one group of people that was directly affected by the law or agency listed in the first column. In the third column, identify one problem of the group that the law or agency addressed.

Law or Agency Group Problem Addressed

1. Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act

2. Works Progress Administration

3. National Youth Administration

4. Wagner Act

5. Fair Labor Standards Act

6. Social Security Act


Why was Eleanor Roosevelt interested in the New Deal, and what role did she play in it? ·

284 Unit 4, Chapter 15

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Cl Section 3

sEcnoN Qu•z The New Deal Affects Many Groups

A. Terms and Names If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true.

Example: Mexican Americans, most of whom worked as farm laborers, tended to

support the New Deal. ----'t""-r-'<'ve,__ ____________ _

Example: The Committee for Industrial Organization restored some reservation

lands to tribal ownership. Jndia.J1 ReorgMti-a.tion Act

1. Molly Dewson was the first woman cabinet member. As secretary of labor, she

played a major role in creating the Social Security system and in crafting labor

legislation.

2. Mary McLeod Bethune, an African-American educator, was appointed head

of the Division of Negro Affairs. She helped to organize a "Black Cabinet" of

influential African Americans to advise the Roosevelt administration on racial issues.

3. President Roosevelt appointed John Collier as Commissioner of Immigrant Affairs.

4. The Congress oflndustrial Organization (CIO) was organized in an attempt to

unionize both skilled and unskilled laborers.

5. The New Deal Coalition was an alignment of various groups dedicatep to

supporting the Socialist Party. _____________________ _


IdentifY two groups that were part of the New Deal Coalition. What reasons did these groups have for supporting the Roosevelt administration and its New Deal?

The New Deal 285

Name Date

• SECTION QUIZ Culture in the 1930s Section 4

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the name or title that matches the description.

a. Grant Wood d. Gone with the Wind b. Orson Welles e. The Grapes ofWrath c. Richard Wright

l. His classic novel, Native Son, depicts the difficulties faced by a young man trying to survive in a racist world.

2. His famous painting, American Gothic, depicts two stern-faced farmers standing stiffly in front of their farmhouse.

3. This classic novel written by John Steinbeck focuses on the difficulties faced by people who, forced off the Great Plains during the Dust Bowl, move to California.

4. One of the most popular movies of all time, this sweeping drama about life among Southern plantation owners during the Civil War starred Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable.

5. This actor, director, producer, and writer created one of the most famous radio broadcasts of all time, "The War of the Worlds," and directed the movie classic, Citizen Kane.

B. Extended Response Briefly answer the following question. If you need more room, continue on the back of this paper.

Why do you think that movies and radio became as popular as they did during the 1930s? Give at least two reasons.


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Cl secr1oN Quiz The Impact of the New Deal Section 5

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the term that best matches the description. A term may be used more than once.

a. parity e. Securities and Exchange Commission b. federal deficit f. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation c. Social Security Act g. National Labor Relations Board d. Tennessee Valley Authority

l. This provides for an old-age insurance program.

2. This federally regulated crop price was intended to stabilize farmers' incomes.

3. This provides for an unemployment compensation program.

4. This provides programs that aid needy families with children and the needy disabled.

5. Under the second Agricultural Act, loans made to farmers were based on this value of their surplus crops.

6. Created under the Wagner Act, this continues to act as a mediator in disputes between unions and employers.

7. Created in 1934, this continues to monitor the stock market and enforce laws regarding the sale of stocks and bonds.

8. Pollution was an unfortunate result of this program to promote flood control and build hydroelectric power plants.

9 .. ·This increased during the Roosevelt administration as the federal government expected reforms to stabilize the economy.

___ 10. Created through the Glass-Steagall Banking Act, this shored up the banking system by protecting people's savings against loss in the event of a bank failure.


IdentifY some conservative and liberal criticisms of the New Deal and its legacy.

The New Deal 287

Name Date

ct CHAPTER TEST The New Deal Form A

Part 1: Main Ideas

Write the letter of the best answer. ( 4 points each)

1. What was the first major action Roosevelt took as president? a. He called the first meeting of the "Brain Trust." b. He proposed a reorganization of the Supreme Court. c. He closed all of the nation's banks and ordered inspections. d. He established the Civil Works Administration to provide job relief.

2. Who was the first woman to serve in the cabinet? a. Arlene Francis c. Eleanor Roosevelt b. Frances Perkins d. Mary McLeod Bethune

3. Which of the following was a goal of the New Deal? a. regulate the stock market b. deregulate the nation's banking system c. decrease prices of farm goods d. increase crop production

4. Which of the following was most directly responsible for creating new jobs and putting people to work?

a. Social Security Act c. National Labor Relations Act b. Fair Labor Standards Act d. Works Progress Administration

5. Which of the following was the main objective of the Agricultural Adjustment Act?

a. to increase farm production b. to raise prices of farm products

c. to provide pensions for retired farmers d. to encourage more people to enter farming

6. Which of the folloWing pieces of New Deal legislation was .ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court?

a. Wagner Act c. Emergency Banking Relief Act b. Social Security Act d. National Industrial Recovery Act

7. What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play in the Roosevelt administration? a. She served as a cabinet member. b. She focused on being an excellent hostess. c. She was an important advisor on foreign policy. d. She was an important advisor on domestic policy.

8. Which of the following reached a new high during Roosevelt's first term as president?

a. tariff rates c. the national debt b. employment rates d. per capita income


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9. Which of the following of Roosevelt's ideas failed to become a law? a. federally supported loans for housing b. the reorganization of the Supreme Court c. the establishment of regional planning authorities d. the creation of a federally supported pension program

___ 10. Who wrote the novel The Grapes of Wrath about the grim lives of Oldahomans fleeing the Dust Bowl during the Depression?

a. Grant Wood c. Richard Wright b. John Steinbeck d. Dorothea Lange

Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

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___ 11. Which of the following rivers appears to have the most dams built on it? a. Ohio River c. Cumberland River b. Tennessee River d. Clinch River

___ 12. Which is the northernmost dam illustrated on this map? a. Guntersville c. Kentucky b. Fort Patrick Henry d. Norris

The New Deal 289

Name

___ 13. According to the map, which river in Tennessee does not have any dams built on it?

a. Ohio River c. Clinch River b. Cumberland River d. Duck River

___ 14. If you were traveling east along the Tennessee River, which dam would you encounter next after passing the Wheeler Dam?

a. Wilson c. Nickajack b. Guntersville d. Pickwick Landing

___ 15. Approximately how many miles is it, measuring in a straight line, from the Kentucky Dam to the Pickwick Landing Dam?

a. 50 miles c. 150 miles b. 100 miles d. 200 miles

Part 3: Interpreting Political Cartoons

The cartoon below focuses on the National Recovery Administration, which was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). Use the cartoon to complete questions 16--20 on page 291. Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)

-published in Fitchburg (Massachusetts) Sentinel, May 31, 1935



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___ 16. In the cartoon, the "NRA Death Warrant" represents _. a. the NRA's limiting the production of goods b. Roosevelt's attempts to silence New Deal critics c. the NRA's putting an end to child labor d. the Supreme Court's declaring the NIRA unconstitutional

___ 17. In the cartoon, the character that represents Child Labor feels _ about the NRA death warrant.

a. happy c. angry b. unhappy d. confused

___ 18. According to the cartoon, _ will benefit from the NRA death warrant.

a. FDR c. labor b. Congress d. small business

___ 19. The cartoon most clearly depicts FDR and_ as being on opposite sides of the NRA issue.

a. Wall Street c. labor b. the Brain Trust d. the public

___ 20. _is the best summary of the main idea of this cartoon. a. "Americans reacted in various ways to the end of the NRA,

depending on their special interests" b. "Roosevelt gathered a group of experts to help him battle the

Supreme Court's decision to end the NRA" c. "Both the adults and youth of America were pleased with the end

of the NRA" d. "The end of the NRA brought out positive reactions from labor and

small business"

Part 4: Extended Response

Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each)

21. Why was Franklin D. Roosevelt able to quickly instill confidence in the federal government's ability to end the Depression? Give two reasons. Think About:

• Roosevelt's personality and interactions with the American public • the goals and effects of early New Deal policies

22. What were the goals of President Roosevelt's "fireside chats"? How did he achieve his goals? Think About:

• the medium of communication Roosevelt chose • the style of language Roosevelt used


The New Deal 291

Name Date

• CHAPTER TEST The New Deal Form B

Part 1: Main Ideas

Write the letter of the legislation or agency that best matches each description. Not all terms will be used. (4 points each)

a. Wagner Act b. Social Security Act c. Federal Securities Act d. Federal Art Project e. Civilian Conservation Corps f. Tennessee Valley Authority g. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

h. Fair Labor Standards Act i. Home Owners Loan Corporation j. Works Progress Administration k. Securities and Exchange Commission l. Federal Emergency Relief Administration m.Federal Writers' Project n. Emergency Banking Relief Act

1. This required corporations to provide complete, truthful information on all stock offerings. ·

2. This was created to reform, and to restore confidence in, the stock market by providing a means to monitor the market and to enfo~ce laws regarding the sales of stocks and bonds.

3. This set a national minimum hourly wage and prohibited factory labor for children under sixteen years of age.

4. This rebuilt dams and provided hydroelectric power to an impoverished region.

5. This protected the right of workers to join unions and established the National Labor Relations Board to settle disputes between employers and employees.

6. This provided for bank inspections by the Treasury Department and a means for making federal loans to solid banks.

7. This provided a pension for retired workers and their spouses and . aided people with disabilities, poor mothers with dependent children,

and the needy elderly.

8. This put h:undreds of thousands of young, single men to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in soilerosion and flood-control projects.

9. Created through the Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933, this originally protected up to $5,000 of an individual's bank account.

___ 10. This addressed the problems of unemployment and poverty by creating jobs that ranged from the construction of airports and libraries to the sewing of clothing for the needy.


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Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer, (2 points each)

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___ 11. On which river is the Pickwick Landing Dam located? a. Kentucky c. Tennessee b. Cumberland d. Duck

___ 12. Which is the easternmost dam shown on the map? a. South Holston c. Pickwick Landing b. Wilbur d. Chatuge

___ 13. Which of the following is not a reason that the Tennessee River Valley was chosen for the development of many dams?

a. There are many rivers in the region. b. Residents of the area would benefit from electricity generated by dams. c. The area had a history of dangerous flooding. d. The area needed lakes to provide fish to feed its residents.

___ 14. Which of the following statements is supported by the map? a. Every river within the map has at least one dam built on it. b. The Ohio River is not an integral part of the Tennessee Valley Authority. c. The Wilson, Wheeler, and Guntersville dams are the only dams built outside of

Tennessee's state borders. d. Every dam illustrated on this map is within Tennessee.

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The New Deal 293

Name Test Form B continued

___ 15. How many states on the map contain hydroelectric dams? a. one c. five b. four d. six

Use the map on page 293 to answer the following questions in complete sentences. Write on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (5 points each)

16. Locate the Duck River on the map. Give two possible reasons why there are no dams built on this river.

17. Locate on the map the region where the borders ofTennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia meet. Give one possible reason for the high concentration of dams in this area.


The cartoon below focuses on the National Recovery Administration, which was part of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). Use the cartoon to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (2 points each)



___ 18. How would you describe Congress's feelings about the end of the NRA, as depicted in the cartoon?

a. confused b. happy c. unhappy d. angry

___ 19. Based on the main characters represented in the cartoon, which sector did the NRA mainly affect?

a. the arts b. farming and rural

development c. business andlabor d. housing

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___ 20. What does the NRA death warrant represent in the cartoon? a. the NRA's limiting product production b. Roosevelt's attempts to silence New Deal critics c. the NRA's putting an end to child labor d. the Supreme Court's declaring the NIRA unconstitutional

___ 21. Which of the following might also have been represented in the cartoon as a person frowning at the NRA death warrant?

a. union organizer c. Supreme Court justice b. business owner d. conservative economist

___ 22. Which of the following statements is supported by the cartoon? a. Only Congress is happy with the NRA death warrant.

Test Form B continued

b. Both Wall Street and small business are pleased with the end of the NRA. c. The NRA neglected laborers to instead serve the needs of small business owners. d. Wall Street and labor are on the same side of the NRA issue.

Use the cartoon on page 294 to answer the following questions in complete sentences. (5 points each)

23. Based on the cartoon, how did Wall Street executives feel about the NRA?

24. Summarize the main idea of this cartoon.


Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each)

25. What unique problems did farmers and other people living in rural areas face during the Depression? How did the New Deal address those problems? Think About:

• the Agricultural Adjustment Act • the Tennessee Valley Authority • the Rural Electrification Administration

26. What role did the arts play in America in the 1930s? How did the Roosevelt administration support the arts? Think About:

• visual arts and the Great Depression • leisure activities of Americans • special branches of the WPA

The New Deal 295

Name Date ---------

• CHAPTER TEST The New Deal Form C

Part 1: Main Ideas

Write the letter of the best answer. ( 4 points each)

1. _were least likely to be a part of the New Deal coalition. a. Rural Democrats c. Southern Republicans b. African Americans d. Unionized industrial workers

2. By decreasing farm surpluses, New Deal policies helped to_. a. lower the cost of food c. raise the price of farm goods b. increase the food supply d. combat the effects of the Dust Bowl

3. _claimed that the New Deal policies were inadequate and proposed a social program called Share-Our-Wealth.

a. Huey Long c. John L. Lewis b. Francis Townsend d. Charles Coughlin

4. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was most helpful to _. a. farmers in isolated rural areas b. the unemployed, the aged, and the ill c. politicians and business owners d. mass-productio:r,;t industrial workers

5. The American public perceived many characteristics in President Roosevelt, but _ was probably not one of them.

a. compassion c. self-confidence b. determination d. economic conservatism

6. _ used music to express the hardships of American life during the Depression.

a. Woody Guthrie c. Diego Rivera b. Grant Wood d. Richard Wright

7. _helped organize the "Black Cabinet," a group of influential African Americans who advised the Roosevelt administration on racial issues.

a. Dorothea Lange c. Frances Perkins b. Mary McLeod Bethune d. Eleanor Roosevelt

8. The Supreme Court ruled that the _ was unconstitutional on the grounds that its provisions were local matters and should be regulated by the states.

a. Federal Securities Act c. Wagner Act b. Fair Labor Standards Act d. Agricultural Adjustment Act

296 Unit 4, Chapter 15 .

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9. Of the following New Deal policies,_ had the biggest long-term impact on the American economy.

a. Social Security Act c. Tennessee Valley Authority b. Civilian Conservation Corps d. Federal Emergency Relief Administration

___ 10. The _ reflected President Roosevelt's concern for the natural environment. a. Civil Works Administration c. Civilian Conservation Corps b. National Youth Administration d. Works Progress Administration

Part 2: Map Skills

Use the map and your knowledge of the chapter to answer the following questions in complete sentences. ( 4 points each)

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11. According to the map, how many states does the Tennessee River watershed involve? Name these states.

12. Look at the geographical features on the map. Why might Roosevelt's administration have chosen this area for developments such as those accomplished by the Tennessee Valley Authority?

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Tennessee River watershed 100 Miles 50

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The New Deal 297

Name

13. What are some ways in which the Tennessee Valley Authority may have affected Americans living in the region it served?

14. Which river located within Tennessee has no dams built on it? Give two reasons that developers might have .chosen not to build dams on this river.

15. Review the location of dams on this map. Why criteria might developers have used to choose locations for the dams?


The cartoon on page 299 focuses on the National Recovery Administration, which was part of the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA). Use the cartoon to complete this section. Write the answer for each question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (4 points each)

16. Explain why this cartoon, published in 1935, depicts the NRA as having a "death warrant."

17. How does the character representing child labor feel about the NRA death warrant? Why might this be so?

18. What feature distinguishes the "Brain Trust" from the others in the cartoon? Why might the cartoonist have represented the Brain Trust in this way?

19. Who is holding the NRA death warrant? How might this placement of the · death warrant be considered symbolic?

20. The title of this cartoon is "Mixed Emotions." Explain the meaning of the title and how that meaning is illustrated in the cartoon.


Test Form C continued

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Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each)

21. Describe the effects of New Deal public works projects on the economy, the environment, and people's personal lives. Think About:

• the lives of unemployed Americans before the New Deal • the accomplishments of the CCC, TVA, and WPA • the difference between receiving charity and being offered a job

22. What are some of the lasting effects of the New Deal on banking and finance in the United States? Think About:

• the factors that led to the Great Depression • the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Test Form C continued

The New Deal 299

Name Date ________ _

e SECTION QUIZ Dictators Threaten World Peace Section 1

A. Terms and Names Write the letter of the description that does not match the name or term.

1. Joseph Stalin a. totalitarian b. Communist c. launched a massive drive to collectivize agriculture d. entered into a pact or alliance with Germany in 1936 e. responsible for the execution of millions as he restructured Soviet society

2. Benito Mussolini a. fascist b. nationalist c. militaristic expansionist d. launched an invasion of Ethiopia e. supported government ownership of property

3. Adolf Hitler a. nationalist b. wrote Mein Kampf c. leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party d. militaristic expansionist e. supported the Treaty of Versailles

4. Japan's militarists a. expansionists b. launched an invasion of Manchuria c. forced Japan to become China's ally d. came to power through acts of aggression e. pulled Japan out of the League of Nations

5. Francisco Franco a. Spanish b. socialist c. totalitarian d. aided by Hitler and M ussolini e. came to power through a civil war


In the 1920s and 1930s, how did the United States respond to acts of aggression in Europe and Asia. Why?


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