Honors Page 1 of 22 Name:

Class:

Honors Chemistry

0: Math and Measurement Topics/ Daily Outline: Day A B Content: TEXT CW #: HW #:

1 9/4 9/5 Policies, Equipment, Scientific notation 3.1 1, 2, 3 1 2 9/6 9/9 Measurement, Significant figures basics 3.1, 3.2 4, 5 2

3 9/10 9/11 Using significant figures 3.1 6 3 4 9/12 9/13 Quiz, Metric system, Dimensional analysis 3.2, 3.3 7, 8 4

Homework:

1. HW 1: Scavenger Hunt 2. HW 2: Sig Figs Practice I 3. HW 3: Sig Figs Practice II 4. HW 4: Dimensional Analysis Practice

Important Due Dates:

• SciResearch: 1 Benefits of Doing a Science Project, 9/10 (A Day) and 9/11 (B Day)

• SciResearch: 2 Types of Projects, 9/12 (A Day) and 9/13 (B Day)

• Index Card Assessment, 9/20 (A Day) and 9/21 (B Day)

• SciResearch: 3 Select a Topic of Research, 9/18 (A Day) and 9/19 (B Day)

For tutorials and additional resources:

www.leffellabs.com

If you are absent, use this sheet to determine what you missed and collect the appropriate materials from your teacher. Get help from a friend, the link above, or the instructor.

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Date:

Outcome:

Drill:

Date:

Outcome:

Drill:

Drills

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Date:

Outcome:

Drill:

Date:

Outcome:

Drill:

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CW 1: Safety in the Chemistry Lab

Safety Video Directions: Watch the video and answer the questions below.

1. Who has responsibilities for safety?

2. What types of clothing are appropriate to wear during a lab?

3. What should you do with backpacks and extra personal belongings during lab?

4. What do you never ever do in a science laboratory?

5. What are the two types of safety equipment? Give an example of each.

6. What does this acronym stand for when using a fire extinguisher? P A S S

7. What is the correct way to smell a substance?

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8. How should you transport chemicals across a classroom?

9. How should you clean up broken glass?

Safety Contracts

Directions: Review your safety contracts and classroom to answer the questions.

10. Where are the following located? o First aid kit

o Eyewash station

o Safety shower

o Fire extinguisher

o Fire blanket

11. What should you do if you are unsure of how to proceed during an experiment?

12. Why should you not immerse hot glassware into cold water?

13. Where should you dispose of chemical wastes?

14. Where should you point a mouth of a test tube that is being heated?

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CW 2: Lab Equipment

On your lab bench, you will find a box of laboratory equipment. Go through the box, highlighting each item that you find. You will have a short quiz on these items next class.

Volumetric flask

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CW 3: Scientific Notation

In chemistry, we often use numbers that are very large (the number of atoms in a mole) and numbers that are very small (the wavelength of red light). We use scientific notation to save us the trouble of writing all those zeroes, which are easy to lose count of. To write a number in scientific notation:

a. Move the decimal so that there is only ONE number before it. b. Count how many spaces you moved the decimal. This is the exponent. A big number

has a positive exponent and a small number has a negative exponent. c. Write out the decimal, then write “x10”, then write the exponent as a superscript.

1. Write each of the following in scientific notation. a. 0.000033

b. 465

c. 236,000,000,000

d. 0.000000000000236

2. Write each of the following in decimal notation. a. 3.7 x 105

b. 3.21 x 10-4

c. 1.99 x 10-3

d. 1.7 x 1012

e. 8.653 x 10-17

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3. When you want to add three zeros to a number, such as going from 1,000 to 1,000,000, how many additional powers of 10 are required?

4. What makes a billionth different from a billion or a hundredth different from a hundred? How does this relate to the plus or minus sign written with the exponent?

5. When you write out 102 or 103, do you write the zeros before or after the 1?

6. When you write out 10-2 or 10-3, do you write the zeros before or after the 1?

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CW 4: Scientific Measurement

Accuracy vs. Precision Let’s say that you wear a watch that measures time with a precision of one second. This level of precision comes in handy if you had to time a very close race. If you just needed to check the time, you wouldn’t need to know the seconds – less precision would be okay. Now let’s say that you forgot to “fall back” an hour during daylight savings time. The time your watch tells you would be very precise (measured out to the seconds) but not very accurate (off by an hour). Consider the images below to answer the following.

1. Provide a definition for accuracy:

2. Provide a definition for precision:

Percent Error

% 𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = |𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 − 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒|

𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒× 100%

3. A chemistry student finds a piece of gum to contain 3.2 grams of sugar. According to the

nutrition facts, the correct value is 4.0 grams of sugar. Find the % error.

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Measurement

Different measuring instruments differ in the level of precision they allow. Consider the door below, being measured by three different rulers.

4. What is different about each of the rulers?

5. Explain why the bottom ruler can measure out to more decimal places than the top ruler.

6. Which ruler do you think allows the most precision? Explain.

7. Measure each of the following graduated cylinders. UNITS!

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8. Measure each of the following, writing your answer with units.

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CW 5: Significant Figures Basics

A measurement can only be as accurate and precise as the instrument that produced it. A scientist must be able to express the accuracy of a number, not just its numerical value. We can determine the accuracy of a number by the number of significant figures it contains.

Rules to Determine the Number of Sig Figs 1. All digits 1 to 9 are significant.

• 335 (3 sig figs)

• 5.684 (4 sig figs)

2. All digits used in scientific notation are considered significant.

• 3.25x10-5 (3 sig figs)

• 5.00x103 (3 sig figs)

3. “Sandwiched” zeroes are significant.

• 4005 (4 sig figs)

• 1.4057 (5 sig figs)

4. When dealing with other zeros, ask yourself: Is there a decimal? Does the zero come after a number? If the answer to both is yes, then the zero is significant.

Number Is there a decimal? Does the zero come after a number? Number Sig Figs

56.00 Yes Yes 4 sig figs 9.00 Yes Yes 3 sig figs

4.060 Yes Yes 4 sig figs

0.00071 Yes No 2 sig figs 0.35 Yes No 2 sig figs

300 No Doesn’t matter 1 sig fig 125,000 No Doesn’t matter 3 sig figs

300. Yes Yes 3 sig figs 125,000. Yes Yes 6 sig figs

5. Constants and counted numbers have unlimited significant figures.

• 28 students in chemistry class today (∞ sig figs)

• Speed of light in a vacuum: 3.0x108 (∞ sig figs)

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How Many Significant Figures?

1. For each of the following, determine the number of significant figures in each of the following. Then write the relevant rule number(s) from above that you used.

# of Sig Figs Rule(s) # of Sig Figs Rule(s)

0.02 0.020

501 501.0

5,000 5,000.

6,051.00 5.00x10-4

0.1020 10,001

2. Once you feel confident with the examples give above, take the

learning check quiz below. https://goo.gl/forms/600eHK9YcArSwcH23

• You can go to the link or scan the QR code with your phone.

• This is NOT a grade, just a way to check your understanding.

3. When you finish, click on the “View your score” link. Use the feedback to reflect on your answers. List any you got wrong, along with the correct answer below.

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CW 6: Using Significant Figures

Adding and Subtracting Numbers with Significant Figures Watch the video by going to the link below or scanning the QR code with your phone. Follow along with the examples in the video below.

http://goo.gl/62yqYR

1.050 cm 0.865 cm 1.200 cm

0000 1200 ft 0010 ft

0000 1200 ft 0010 ft

1. Complete the following practice problems. a. 35.6 + 56.27 =

b. 7.6924 + 9.6 − 4.88 =

c. 200 + 260 =

d. 1000 + 50 =

e. 1000. −50 =

f. 2.60 × 103 − 1689 =

g. 12.484 + 3.6 =

h. 7.5 × 104 − 7.5 × 103 =

2. Here are some optional extra practice problems. a. 4.337 − 84.7128 =

b. 1.89 × 103 + 1.2 × 103 =

c. 19.8 + 8.75 − 11 =

d. 7.331 + 12.42 =

e. 6.2 + 4.114 =

f. 16.9 − 8.77 =

g. 3.94 − 68.77 + 83.197 =

h. 6.23 × 105 + 1784 =

3. When you feel confident in your work, ask your instructor for the answer key. Check and correct your answers.

+ + −

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Multiply and Dividing Numbers with Significant Figures

Watch the video by going to the link below or scanning the QR code with your phone. Follow along with the examples in the video below.

http://goo.gl/eYBi8d

1.8 𝑐𝑚 × 2.54 𝑐𝑚 × 1.22 𝑐𝑚 =

126 𝑓𝑡 × 8 𝑓𝑡 = 126 𝑓𝑡2 ÷ 8 𝑓𝑡 =

4. Complete the following practice problems. a. 23.7 ÷ 3.8 =

b. 4.5 × 107 × 4.21 × 106 =

c. 81.04 ÷ 0.010 =

d. 150 × 2.0 =

e. 6.47 × 10−2 ÷ 2.1 × 10−2 =

f. 0.00210 × 0.1013 =

g. 180.0 ÷ 3.0 =

h. 36 × 6 =

5. Here are some optional extra practice problems. a. 15.22 ÷ 6.1 =

b. 5.00 × 0.25 =

c. 72.1 ÷ 0.010 =

d. 200. × 3.0 =

e. 9.8 × 108 ÷ 8.6 × 10−2 =

f. 0.00460 × 0.2054 =

g. 540.0 ÷ 9.0 =

h. 18 × 12 =

6. When you feel confident in your work, ask your instructor for the answer key. Check and correct your answers.

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Significant Figures in Multi-Step Problems

7. Watch the video by going to the link below or scanning the QR code with your phone. Follow along with the examples in the video below.

http://goo.gl/M4CBfL

(1.5 + 2.33)

0.635 7.601[(3.64)2 − 3.12]

8. Complete the following practice problems. a. (8.15 − 3.511)(17.0 − 3.18) =

b. (5.96 × 10−2)[12.3 + (7.56)2] =

c. (8.22 × 10−2)3 + (0.010 − 0.5671) =

d. 4.00 + (5.4 + 2.78)1/2 − 2.10 =

e. (14 − 2.3)2 + [(12.15 − 4.1) × 3.72] =

9. Here are some optional extra practice problems. a. (6.42 ÷ 3.21)(14.0 − 7.01) =

b. (3.22 × 10−4)[98.3 + (18.54)2] =

c. (1.89 × 106)1/2 + (0.320 − 0.843) =

d. 8.00 + (32.75 − 16.100) − 6.1 =

e. (17 − 6.1)2 + [(22.14 − 6.3) × 4.52] =

10. When you feel confident in your work, ask your instructor for the answer key. Check and correct your answers.

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CW 7: Metric Prefixes

The metric system is the preferred measurement system in the sciences (and pretty much everywhere in the world). It consists of several base units, which are modified by prefixes that indicate magnitude.

Base Unit Symbol Measures… Meter m Length

Gram g Mass

Kelvin K Temp Second s Time

Mole mol Number of particles Candela cd Intensity of Light

Ampere A Electric Current Each base unit in the metric system may be modified by any of the prefixes below.

Prefix Symbol Multiplier Exponent Form

exa E 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 1×1018

peta P 1, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000 1×1015 tera T 1, 000, 000, 000, 000 1×1012

giga G 1, 000, 000, 000 1×109 mega M 1, 000, 000 1×106

kilo k 1000 1×103

hecto h 100 1×102 deca da 10 1×101

Base unit -- 1 1×100 deci d 0.1 1×10–1

centi c 0.01 1×10–2 milli m 0.001 1×10–3

micro μ 0.000, 001 1×10–6

nano n 0.000, 000, 001 1×10–9 pico p 0.000, 000, 000, 001 1×10–12

femto f 0.000, 000, 000, 000, 001 1×10–15 atto a 0.000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 001 1×10–18

For example, a megameter (Mm) is 1 million times larger than a meter. In other words, 1,000,000 meters = 1 megameter. This could also be written as 1,000,000 m = 1Mm.

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1. For each of the following, write the correct abbreviation. a. Millimeter =

b. Kilogram =

c. Centisecond =

d. Millimole =

e. Nanometer =

f. Kelvin =

2. For each of the following, determine the correct conversion factor. a. How many meters are in a kilometer?

b. How many milliliters are in a liter?

c. How many grams are in a kilogram?

d. How many kilograms are in a gram? Watch the video and answer the following. Link: http://bit.ly/2T9pL2e

3. How is the US customary measures system (feet, ounces) based on a “human scale”? Why was this useful in early American history?

4. Do you agree or disagree: The US is secretly already metric. Explain.

5. Explain why being able to move a decimal point is useful in a measurement system.

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CW 8: Dimensional Analysis

Dimensional analysis is a very powerful method to solve a wide variety of problems. It focuses on using units or conversion factors (such as 1 km = 1000 m) to cancel out in such a way to get the answer with the desired units.

1. Cancel out the units in the following dimensional analysis set ups and solve.

a. 6 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠

1×

2 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠

1 𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠×

15 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

3 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠=

b. 30 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠

1×

1 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡

12 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠×

1 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑

3 𝑓𝑒𝑒𝑡×

0.9144 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

1 𝑦𝑎𝑟𝑑=

2. Explain how you would solve the following: How many seconds are in 2.3 years?

3. Use dimensional analysis to determine how many seconds are in 2.3 years.

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Use dimensional analysis to perform the following conversions. 4. Convert 1.23 L into mL.

5. Convert 56.0 mm into cm.

6. How many miles are in 200 cm? Write your answer in scientific notation. (1 mile = 5280 ft, 1 ft = 12 inches, 1 inch = 2.54 cm)

7. You are travelling in the car at 50 miles per hour. How many feet per second is this? (1 mile = 5280 feet)

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Index Card Assessment

Directions 1. Label your index card to look like the picture below. Write neatly. 2. Using your assigned ruler, determine the length (long side) and width (short side) of the

index card in cm, measured to the correct precision. 3. Complete the following:

a. On the back of the card, show the dimensional analysis to convert cm to mm. b. Using your measurements in mm, find the perimeter and area of the card: give

the unrounded answer, the answer with correct sig figs, the answer with correct sig figs in scientific notation, and the units of the answer.

c. Back of card: Show all work (dimensional analysis conversions, perimeter, and area). No work = no credit!

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Index Card Assessment Rubric

Name:

Measured

correctly cm (1 pt) Dim. Analysis

Conversion (1 pt) Expressed correctly

mm (2 pts) Units

(0.5 pts)

SCO

RE:

/20

Length

Width

Unrounded

Answer (1 pt) Answer in Correct

Sig Figs (3 pts) Answer in Sci.

Notation (1 pts) Units

(0.5 pts)

Perimeter

Area