Name: Class:

Science 9 Unit 1 – Booklet 3

Biological Diversity

Comment

- 1 -

3 #

On Time / Late Vocab completion ______/2 Completion ________% Vocab Level of Achievement _______

Vocabulary Bubbles

- 2 -

1. Fill in the word and the definition (from text glossary)2. Fill the bubbles with three of the following (choose

appropriately for the word): Sentence: write a sentence using your

vocabulary word that shows the meaning of the word.

Picture: draw a picture of your word. Symbol: Draw the science symbol for

your word (this will not apply to all words).

Synonym: Write a word that means the same as your vocabulary word.

Own Words: Write the definition in your own words.

Characteristics: Write any facts or information about your word.

Real World Examples: Write down when you would see or use this word in the real world.

Examples / non-examples: Provide one example and non-example of your word.

Textbook Use: Write a sentence from the textbook that uses the word in a manner that explains the word. (Not the

Remember the purpose of this is to help you learn the new vocabulary from this unit so you have a better understanding of the material. Complete it with that goal in mind.

Word: Definition:

- 3 -

Word: Definition:

Name:Date:Class:

I can…

Distinguish between, and give examples of, natural and artificial selection (K3d)

Page 581. Explain how wild animals were turned into domestic animals. (note: make sure you

know what domestic means)

2. Give two examples of how farmers have used artificial selection to get the qualities they want.

3. What is artificial selection? (use the glossary)

Artificial Selection in Agriculture – page 604. Why is selective breeding important to agriculture?

- 4 -

Science 9 RQ 1-6Research Questions Unit 1 Topic 6

The Best SelectionPage 58 - 65

5. Explain six different qualities that grains have been bred for.

6. Read the Word Connect on page 60. If you could develop a new crossbreed what would it be? Describe this new breed’s characteristics and give it a name. (you can use a diagram to help your description)

- 5 -

Thoughts on Food – page 61Use the information in the following paragraphs to answer questions 7-9.

Beef cattle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Beef cattle are bovine cattle (cows,) raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle). The meat of cattle is known as beef. While the principal use of beef cattle is meat production, other uses include leather, and products used in shampoo and cosmetics.

Beef breeds include Hereford, Angus, Red Angus, Brahman, Galloway, Belted Galloway, Texas Longhorn, Simmental, Dexter, Santa Gertrudis, Charolais, Limousin, Boran, Afrikaner, Beef Shorthorn, Red Poll, Brangus, Beefmaster, Nelore, Chianina, Wagyu.

Breeds known as dual purpose breeds are also used for beef production. These breeds have been selected for two purposes at once, such as for both beef and dairy production. Dual Purpose breeds include the Brown Swiss and many of the Zebu breeds of India such as Tharparkar and Ongole.

Jersey cattleA small, honey-brown breed of dairy cattle, the Jersey is renowned for the high butterfat content of its milk, as well as a genial disposition.

The Jersey cow is quite small, ranging from only 800 to 1200 pounds (360 to 540 kg). The main factor contributing to the popularity of the breed has been their greater economy of production, due to:

the ability to carry a larger number of effective milking cows per unit area due to lower body weight, hence lower maintenance requirements

high butterfat content of their milk, which economises in energy requirements in food per pound of butterfat

the ability to stand up to a wide range of climatic conditions, and to thrive on locally produced food.

Bulls are also small, ranging from 1200 to 1800 pounds (540 to 820 kg), and are notoriously very aggressive.

Castrated males can be trained into fine oxen which, due to their small size and gentle nature make them popular with young teamsters. Jersey oxen are not as strong as larger breeds however and are generally out of favor among competitive teamsters.

- 6 -

7. What characteristics do you think were selected for in each type of cattle?

Beef cattle:

Jersey cow:

8. How does the sex of the animal affect its function?

9. Are all of the differences between the two kinds of cattle due to selective breeding?

What else could account for these differences?

Accounting for Biological Diversity – page 6210. Make sure you read page 62 to learn about Charles Darwin.

- 7 -

The Theory of Natural Selection – page 6411. List the four statements that sum up the theory of natural selection.

12. Look at the pictures of the horses on page 64. In your own words, explain what variations would have helped these species survive and evolve into Equus.

13. If the horses from 55 million years ago evolved through natural selection to what is pictured from 2 million years ago, how have different breeds of horses developed since then? Explain.

- 8 -

Topic 6 Summary Questions: 1. How do artificial and natural selection contribute to biological diversity? (K3d)

2. Why does artificial selection produce changes in organisms faster than natural selection? (K3d)

3. Explain the following concepts in a way that a grade 4 student could understand. (Make sure you explain each concept and give an example.) (K3d)

Natural Selection:

Artificial Selection:

- 9 -

Topic 6 Vocab: Select 2 of the following terms from Topic 6 and complete the vocab activity for each.

Domestic Artificial selection Selective breeding Natural selection

- 10 -

Word: Definition:

DATE: NAME: CLASS:

TOPIC 7 BLM 1-17

OVERHEAD MASTER Diversity in the Galápagos

The number of breeding finch species and extinct finch species on four Galápagos Islands.*

*Note: The graph is based on data published in 1973, 1984, and 1986, as described in Ecology and Evolution of Darwin’s Finches by Peter R. Grant, published by Princeton University Press, 1986. The English names (used by Darwin) for the islands are used.

- 11 -

Read for Information!

Name:Date:Class:

I can…

Describe the relative abundance of species on Earth and in different environments. (K4a)

Describe the ongoing changes in biological diversity through extinction and extirpation of native species as well as the role of environmental factors in causing these changes. (K4b)

Page 661. Read page 66 and explain how the rate of extinctions and biodiversity are related.

2. What is the rate of extinction estimated to be at today?

3. Figure 1.59 is showing the relative numbers of species for each type of animal on Earth. Which species has the largest numbers? _______________________ Which species has the lowest numbers? _________________________

Human Impacts on Biodiversity – page 674. Read all of page 67. Heat light and rainfall promote growth of plants – which lead

to more complex food chains. This is given as a factor that influences biological diversity. List 3 other factors.

- 12 -

Science 9 RQ 1-7Research Questions Unit 1 Topic 7

The Sixth Extinction?Page 66 - 72

Disappearing Habitats – page 695. Define “Bioindicator Species”.

6. Explain why bears are considered to be a bioindicator species.

Human Impact on Rain Forest Ecosystems – page 697. Why is the human population increasing so rapidly?

8. Why is the larger human population putting a strain on the Earth’s resources?

- 13 -

How High Can It Go? – page 709. Complete the “How High Can It Go” activity on page 70. Make your graph here.

- 14 -

9 (cont). Answer questions 1,2 and 3 ( from page 70) in the space provided here.

The Population Explosion – page 70

10. Explain the dangers of cutting down the rain forest.

Human Activities and Extinction – page 7211. What Alberta species went extinct in 1982?

- 15 -

Topic 7 Summary Questions: 1. There are more species on Earth than ever before. Why do scientists say that biological diversity is decreasing? (K4a)

2. Complete the following Venn diagram for Extinction and Extirpation. (K4b)

3.In what ways can human activity lead to the extinction or extirpation of a species? Use a specific example to explain your answer. (K4b)

- 16 -

Extinction Extirpation

Topic 7 Vocab: There is no vocab activity for Topic 7.

- 17 -

I can…1. Evaluate and success and limitations of various local and global

strategies for minimizing loss of species diversity (K4c)

The Role of Zoos in Preserving Biodiversity – page 731. What are three roles of the Calgary Zoo other than having plants and animals on

display?

2. Read “Pause and Reflect” on page 73. Write a paragraph outlining your viewpoint. Make sure and back up what you say.

Preserving the Biodiversity of Plants – page 753. What is a ‘seed bank’ and what are the benefits?

A Global Effort – page 764. What is the purpose of the “1975 Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species”?

- 18 -

Science 9 RQ 1-8Research Questions Unit 1 Topic 8

Pains and GainsPage 73 - 78

# of protected species…___________ # of countries who signed the 1992 Convention on biodiversity? ______________

- 19 -

Read for Information!

- 20 -

- 21 -

Read for Information!

Topic 8 Summary Questions

1.How would you respond to someone who suggested that saving a plant species was not as important as saving an animal species? Be convincing! (K4c)

2.Explain why international co-operation is essential in preserving biological diversity. (K4c)

3.In a short paragraph, explain how a protected area, such as Banff National Park, is an example of in-situ conservation. (K4c) (note – read page 17 & 18 in your booklet)

Topic 8 Vocab: There is no vocab activity for Topic 8.

- 22 -

- 23 -

Biological Diversity – VocabularyTopic 1Biological diversityVariationsSpeciesSpeciationStructural adaptationBehavioural adaptationDiversity index

Topic 2EnvironmentCompetitionNicheVariation within a speciesVariation between speciesBroad nicheNarrow nicheSpecialistSpecializationSymbioticMutualismAdaptation

Topic 3HeritableReproductive strategiesAsexual reproductionBinary fissionSporesZoosporesMeristemClonesBuddingSexual reproductionGenetic materialCharacteristicsZygosporesBacterial conjugationAngiospermsGymnospermsZygoteStamenPistilOvulePollen tubeEmbryoCotyledonsTuberRunnersGametesInternal/external fertilization

Topic 4TraitsHeredityGeneticsContinuous variationDiscrete variationDominant characteristicRecessive characteristicNature – vs – nutureMutationsMutagens

Topic 5DNAGenetic materialChromosomesProtein moleculeGeneSomatic cellsMitosisMeiosisGenetic engineeringBiotechnologiesTransgenicAquaculture

Topic 6DomesticArtificial selectionSelective breedingNatural selection

Topic 7ExtinctionDecreasing biodiversity

Bioindicator speciesPopulation explosion

Topic 8Seed banks Ex-Situ ConservationGlobal treaties

- 24 -

In-situ Conservation, UNIT 1 BLM 1-19

ASSESSMENT Unit 1 Review

Goal Demonstrate your understanding of the concepts presented in Unit 1.

What to DoRead each question carefully before answering in the space provided. If you work at a steady pace, you should have enough time to finish.

True or FalseIn the space provided, indicate whether each statement is true (T) or false (F).

1. In angiosperms, the male gametes are contained by a structure called a pistil.

2. Frogs use external fertilization to reproduce.

3. Mushrooms are fungi that reproduce by budding.

4. Zygospores are asexual reproductive structures produced by the mould Rhizopus.

5. The life cycle of mosses involves an alternation of sexual and asexual generations.

6. The ABO blood group is an example of continuous genetic variation.

7. Polydactyly is a recessive genetic trait.

8. Genetic mutations are always harmful.

9. Mutations in somatic cells are heritable.

10. Human gametes have 46 chromosomes.

Fill in the BlanksComplete each statement with the correct term.

- 25 -

11. Some trees form symbiotic relationships with specialized fungi called ____________________. These fungi help the tree obtain _________________.

12. The prairie white-fringed orchid is an endangered species. It is considered a _________________, because it can only be __________________ by certain types of hawkmoths.

UNIT 1 BLM 1-19

ASSESSMENT Unit 1 Review13. Bacteria reproduce asexually by ______________________.

14. Height in humans shows ______________________ variation.

15. Researchers have developed ______________ ____________ crops that are tolerant of herbicides.

Short AnswerAnswer the following questions in the space provided.

16. List three organisms (or groups) that reproduce asexually and name the method of reproduction.

17. (a) Define genetic mutation.

(b) List three agents that can cause genetic mutations.

18. (a) List three adaptations for life in extreme environments.

(b) What might be the advantage of having an adaptation for living in an extreme environment?

19. (a) Compare and contrast artificial selection and natural selection.

- 26 -

UNIT 1 BLM 1-19

ASSESSMENT Unit 1 Review(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of owning purebred dogs?

(c) From what you have learned in Unit 1, what problems may arise in a small, isolated population of grizzly bears?

Paragraph AnswerAnswer the following question in paragraph form.

20. Describe some benefits of maintaining seed banks, such as the one run by the Royal Botanic Gardens in England.

- 27 -