name roy g biv · 2016. 5. 11. · name roy g biv page 1 base your answers to questions 1 through 3...

Name Roy G Biv

Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on the diagram below. The arrows show thedirection in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach hasformed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited).The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently beenconstructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shorelineto trap beach sand.

1 wider on the western side of the groin 2 wider on the eastern side of the groin3 narrower on both sides of the groin 4 wider on both sides of the groin

1. The groin structure will change the pattern of deposition along the shoreline, initially causingthe beach to become

1 quartz and olivine 2 plagioclase feldspar and amphibole3 potassium feldspar and biotite 4 pyroxene and calcite

2. Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from theheadlands?

1 sorted and layered 2 sorted and not layered3 unsorted and layered 4 unsorted and not layered

3. The sediments that have been deposited by streams flowing into the lagoon are most likely

1 igneous rocks2 metamorphic rocks3 coastal plain deposits4 transported soils

4. Most of the surface materials in New York Statecan be classified as

1 mass movement 2 running water3 prevailing winds 4 ocean waves

5. Which natural agent of erosion is mainlyresponsible for the formation of the barrierislands along the southern coast of Long Island,New York?

1 wind 2 glaciers3 ocean waves 4 running water

6. How would unsorted piles of angular sedimentsmost likely be transported and deposited?

Base your answers to questions 7 through 9 onthe diagram below, which shows ocean wavesapproaching a shoreline. A groin (a short wall ofrocks perpendicular to the shoreline) and abreakwater (an offshore structure) have beenconstructed alone the beach. Letters A, B, C, D, and E represent locations in the area.

1 A 2 B 3 C 4 E

7. At which location will the beach first begin towiden due to sand deposition?

1 decrease 2 increase3 remain the same

8. The size of the bulge in the beach at position D will

1 underwater earthquakes2 variations in ocean-water density3 the gravitational effect of the Moon4 winds at the ocean surface

9. What is the most common cause of theapproaching waves?

1 cemented sediments2 unsorted sediments3 vertically layered sediments4 horizontally layered sediments

10. The diagram below represents a side view of ahill (drumlin) that was deposited by a glacier onthe Atlantic coast.

This hill is most likely composed of

11. Base your answer to the following question on thediagram below, which represents a shoreline withwaves approaching at an angle. The exposedbedrock of the wave-cut cliff is granite. Arrow A shows the direction of the longshore current andarrow B shows the general path of wave travel.

1 decreased erosion along the shoreline2 increased deposition along the shoreline3 increased wave height near the shore4 unchanged shoreline features

A large storm with high winds that develops outat sea is most likely to result in

1 glacial ice 2 ocean waves3 wind 4 mass movement

12. The photograph below shows farm buildingspartially buried in silt.

Which erosional agent most likely piled the siltagainst these buildings?

1 running water 2 glacial ice3 ocean waves 4 prevailing wind

13. The photograph below shows both erosional and depositional features formed by an agent oferosion.

Which agent of erosion produced the features shown in the photograph?

14. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the drainagebasin of the Mississippi River system. Several rivers that flow into the Mississippi River arelabeled. The arrow at location X shows where the Mississippi River enters the Gulf ofMexico.

1 moraine 2 tributary 3 delta 4 drumlin

The structure formed by the deposition of sediments at location X is best described as a

Base your answers to questions 15 through 17 on the maps and data table below and on yourknowledge of Earth science. Map I shows the Outer Banks and part of North Carolina alongthe southeastern coast of the United States. Maps II and III show enlargements of theAvon-Buxton section of the Outer Banks indicated by box X on map I. Map II shows the landand shoreline in 1852. Map III shows the land and shoreline in 1998. The dotted line on mapIII shows the location of the 1852 shoreline. The data table shows the average width, inmeters, at various years, of the Avon-Buxton section.

1 outwash plains 2 moraine deposits3 river deltas 4 barrier islands

13. The Outer Banks were formed primarily from sediments eroded and deposited by oceanwaves. Which type of landform are the Outer Banks?

1 2

3 4

16. Which bar graph best shows the average width of the Avon-Buxton section of the OuterBanks from 1852 to 1998?

1 Gulf Stream Current 2 North Atlantic Current3 Labrador Current 4 Canary Current

17. Which ocean current has the greatest warming influence on the climate of the Outer Banks ofNorth Carolina?

1 moraine 2 delta 3 barrier island 4 floodplain

18. The map below shows coastal features of a portion of Long Island, New York. Point A represents a location on a landscape feature that resulted from wave action and longshorecurrents.

On which landscape feature is point A located?

19. Base your answer to the following question on the contour map below, which shows a hillformed by glacial deposition near Rochester, New York. Letters A through E are referencepoints. Elevations are in feet.

1 a V-shaped valley 2 a sand dune3 a drumlin 4 an outwash plain

This glacial deposit is best identified as

20. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows the edge of acontinental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature.

1 drumlin 2 moraine 3 kettle lake 4 finger lake

Which feature will most likely form when the partially buried ice block melts?

1 0° latitude at an elevation of 6,000 m2 15° N latitude at an elevation of 4,000 m3 30° N latitude at an elevation of 3,000 m4 45° N latitude at an elevation of 1,000 m

21. The graph below shows the snow line (theelevation above which glaciers form at differentlatitudes in the Northern Hemisphere).

At which location would a glacier most likelyform?

1 2

3 4

22. The diagram below represents a stream valley.Which diagram below best shows how thisvalley might be modified after a glacier hasmoved through it?

1 dropping directly from a glacier2 an avalanche on a mountainside3 a decrease in the velocity of a stream4 dropping of weathered rock fragments from

a cliff

23. The diagram below represents a core sample ofa sedimentary deposit found at a particularlocation. The deposition most likely occurred asa result of

Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on thediagram which represents a profile of amountain glacier in the northern United States.

1 2

3 4

24. Which cross section best represents thesediment that was transported and deposited bythis glacier?

1 slope of the bedrock surface2 amount of sediment at the terminal moraine3 length of the glacier4 size of the sediment transported by the

glacier

25. The velocity of the ice movement is primarilycontrolled by the

Base your answers to questions 26 through 28 on the Earth Science Reference Tables and thediagram below. The diagram represents a glaciermoving out of a mountain valley. The waterfrom the melting glacier is flowing into a lake.Letters A through F identify points within theerosional/depositional system.

1 A and B 2 B and C3 C and D 4 D and E

26. An interface between erosion and deposition bythe ice is most likely located between points

1 F 2 B 3 C 4 D

27. Colloidal-sized sediment particles carried bywater are most probably being deposited atpoint

1 E 2 F 3 C 4 D

28. Deposits of unsorted sediments would probablybe found at location

29. Base your answer to the following question onthe Earth Science Reference Tables and thediagram below. The diagram represents twobranches of a valley glacier. Points A, B, G, and H are located on the surface of the glacier. Point X is located at the interface between the ice andthe bedrock. The arrows indicate the generaldirection of ice movement.

1 2

3 4

Metal stakes were placed on the surface of theglacier in a straight line from position A toposition B. Which diagram best shows theposition of the metal stakes several years later?

1 glacial ice does not move2 glacial ice is melting faster than it

accumulates3 the glacier is moving faster in the center than

on the sides4 friction is less along the sides of the glacier

than in the center

30. Wooden stakes were placed on a glacier in astraight line as represented by A–A' in thediagram below. The same stakes were observedlater in the positions represented by B–B'.

The pattern of movement of the stakes providesevidence that

1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D

31. The cross section below represents the transportof sediments by a glacier.

At which location is deposition most likely thedominant process?

1 The limestone was changed by contactmetamorphism caused by a lava flow.

2 The limestone bedrock formed underconditions of high heat and pressure.

3 Older igneous and metamorphic bedrockthat once covered the limestone erodedaway, forming the boulders.

4 The boulders were transported and depositedon the limestone bedrock by a glacier.

32. The cross section below represents largeboulders made of granite, gneiss, and quartzitethat are found lying on limestone bedrock nearOswego, New York.

If no overturning of bedrock has occurred,which statement correctly explains the source ofthe boulders?

1 sorted by size and layered2 sorted by size and unlayered3 unsorted by size and layered4 unsorted by size and unlayered

33. The diagram below shows rock material beingtransported by a mountain glacier.

The moraine deposits left when this glaciermelts will generally be

Base your answers to questions 34 and 35 on the map and cross section below. The map shows the shapes and locations of New YorkState's 11 Finger Lakes and the locations of some major glacial deposits (moraines) leftbehind by the last ice age. The cross section shows surface elevations, valley depths, andwater depths of the Finger Lakes.

1 south to north 2 north to south 3 east to west 4 west to east

34. The general shape of the Finger Lakes and the pattern of moraine deposits found acrossPennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York are evidence that the continental glacier wasadvancing from

1 The lake surfaces are above sea level.2 The lakes fill long, narrow, U-shaped valleys.3 The lakes are partially filled with sorted beds of sediment.4 The lakes are surrounded by sharp, jagged peaks and ridges.

35. Which statement provides the best evidence that New York State’s Finger Lakes formed as aresult of continental glaciation?

Base your answers to questions 36 through 39 on the passage below and on your knowledgeof Earth science.

Watching the Glaciers Go Mountain glaciers and ice caps in tropical areas of the world are melting fastand may vanish altogether by the year 2020. That was the chilling news last yearfrom Lonnie Thompson, a geologist at Ohio State University’s Byrd PolarResearch Center who has been studying icy areas near the equator in SouthAmerica, Africa, and the Himalayas for two decades. It doesn’t take a glacier scientist to see the changes. In 1977, whenThompson visited the Quelccaya ice cap in Peru, it was impossible not to noticea schoolbus-size boulder stuck in its grip. When Thompson returned in 2000,the rock was still there but the ice wasn’t — it had retreated far into the distance.

Most scientists believe the glaciers are melting because of global warming —the gradual temperature increase that has been observed with increasing urgencyduring the past decade. Last year a panel of the nation’s top scientists, theNational Research Council, set aside any lingering skepticism about thephenomenon, concluding definitively that average global surface temperaturesare rising and will continue to do so.

“Watching theGlaciers Go,” PopularScience,vol. #7, January 2002

36. State one greenhouse gas that is an excellent absorber of infrared radiation and mayberesponsible for global warming.

37. Describe the arrangement of sediment deposited directly from glaciers.

38. Some glaciers currently exist near Earth’s equator due to the cold, snowy climate of certainlocations. Which type of landform exists where these glaciers occur?

39. Describe one action humans could take to reduce the global warming that is melting theQuelccaya ice cap.

Base your answers to questions 40 through 43 on the map below and on your knowledge ofEarth science. The map shows a retreating valley glacier and the features that have formedbecause of the advance and retreat of the glacier.

40. Describe one piece of evidence likely to be found on the exposed bedrock surfaces that couldindicate the direction this glacier moved.

41. Describe one difference between the arrangement of sediment in the moraines and thearrangement of sediment in the outwash plain.

42. Describe the most likely shape of the valley being formed due to erosion by this glacier.

43. Explain why the glacial ice absorbs less solar radiation than the surrounding exposedbedrock and soil.

Answer Keyglaciers and coastal

1. 22. 23. 14. 45. 46. 27. 28. 29. 410. 211. 312. 313. 214. 315. 416. 317. 118. 319. 320. 321. 122. 423. 324. 425. 126. 227. 128. 329. 130. 331. 432. 433. 434. 2

35. 236. Responses include,

but are not limitedto: Water vapor (H2O); Methane (CH4); Carbon dioxide(CO2); Nitrous oxide (N2O); Ozone (O3);

37. Responses include,but are not limitedto: Unsorteddeposits;Moraines;Drumlins; Till;Mixed sedimentsizes; Glacialerratics/boulders;Striated sediment

38. Responses include,but are not limitedto: A highelevation abovesea level;Mountains; Aplateau

39. Responses include,but are not limitedto: Stop burningfossil fuels;Reduce theburning of tropicalrain forests;Reducegreenhouse-gasemissions; Usemore alternativeenergy sourcessuch as solarcollectors andwind turbines.

40.

41. Moraines:–unsortedsediments/mixedparticles–unlayeredOutwash plain:–sorted deposits–layeredsediments

42. –The valley wouldhave a U-shapedappearance. –flatbottom and steepsides –roundedshape

43. –The ice iswhite/lightcolored. –Thesmooth ice reflectsbetter than rougherland terrain. –Thebedrock/soil isdarker colored.–Snow and icereflect moreinsolation. –has ahigher albedo

name roy g biv · 2016. 5. 11. · name roy g biv page 1 base your answers to questions 1 through 3...

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