name: vocabulary inference -...
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Vocabulary InferenceName:
What does this word mean?
TopicTopic
Key pointKey point
Root
WordsHow do you know?
Words before
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Words after INFERRING. Creates single type of inference
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Name: Date:Inferring
Emotion Inference Location Inference
How does he/she feel? Where is this?
Expression Geography
Gesture
Words
Landforms
How do you know? How do you know?Thoughts
Activities
Actions Landmarks
Location Buildings
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd. INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences
Other Other
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Name: Date:Inferring
Character(istic) Inference Action Inference
What is he/she/this like? What is happening?
Words
Symbols
Thoughts
Looks like
Data
Location
How do you know? How do you know?
AppearanceLooks like
T lActions
Function
Tools
Reactions
O
Occupation
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Other
Other
Other
INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences
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Name: Date:Inferring
Object Inference Time/Era Inference
What is it? What time of day it is?
Looks like Actions
What season/year is it?Texture Weather
How do you know? What era is it?
Strength Technology
How do you know?
ActionsClothing
Events How do you know?
Surroundings
Buildings
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Other Other
INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences
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Name: Date:Inferring
Category Inference Occupation Inference
What group do they belong in? What job/role does he/she have?
Looks like Clothing/uniform
Made of
uniform
Language
How do you know? How do you know?Used for
Workplace
Time/era Actions
Location Tools
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Other Other
INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences
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Name: Date:Inferring
Cause and Effect Inference Literary Inference
What caused this to happen? What effect did this have?
What do you know from the simile, metaphor, irony, etc? What allusion did you make?
Result Symbol
ActionsMetaphor
How do you know? How do you know?
Language Verbal irony
Change
Order
Situational irony
Relationship
Dramatic irony
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Other Other
INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences
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Name: Date:Inferring
Author’s Motive Inference Cultural Inference
What do you know about the reason(s) the author wrote this text? How does the author feel about the topic?
What do you know about the culture, customs, and so on, in this text?
Reason Language
DataActions
How do you know? How do you know?Fact/opinion
Customs/traditions
Words
Hobbies
Author’s background
Food
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Other Other
INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences
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Name: Date:Inferring
Vocabulary Inference Vocabulary Inference
What does this word mean?
Topic
Key point
What does this word mean?
Topic
Key pointKey point
Sentence structure
Key point
Sentence structure
How do you know?
Parts of speech How do you know?
Parts of speech
Root
Affix(es)
-ed Root
Affix(es)
-ed ( )
Words before
( )
Words before
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd. INFERRING. Creates varied types of inferences
Words after Words after
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• In paragraph (#), why does the author use the words _____ ?
Imaging• In paragraph (#), the word _____ is used to describe _____ .
• Which of these is an example of imagery in this passage?
• What word best describes _____?
• What is the most likely reason the author used the phrase _____?
• Why does the author use details like (detail) from passage)?
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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Name: Date:Imaging
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd. IMAGING. Organizes sensory images
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• What is the base word of _____?
Vocabulary Roots & Origins• Based on the etymology of the word (root) (gives etymology) which of these describes the meaning
of word _____?
• What does _____ mean?
f ?• If _____ means _____, what does _____ mean as used in paragraph _____?
• Using your knowledge of the (suffix or prefix) X, what does the word X mean?
• If glum (example) means sad, then glumly means
• In which word does the (prefix, suffix) mean the same as it does in (word)?
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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• What word most like another?
Vocabulary Comparative Synonyms/Antonym
• What word is opposite?
• Which of these is a synonym for the word _____?
• Which word is an antonym for the word _____ in the sentence below?
• Which of these means _____ in the text?
• Which word is the closest in meaning to _____ as used in the passage?
• What word means the same as _____?
• Which word is a synonym for (word)?
• Read the sentence from the passage. Insert sentence. Which word means the opposite of (word)?
• Which words from the passage are antonyms?p g y
• Which word could the author have used in paragraph (#) instead of (vocabulary word/phrase)?
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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• Which of these is the best meaning for _____ in paragraph?
Vocabulary Contextual Definition
• In this sentence…what does (word) mean?
• Which word could replace _____ in the sentence below?
• What does _____ mean as used in paragraph (#)?
• What is the meaning of word _____ as used in the sentence below?
• In paragraph (#), the word _____ refers to _____?
• Which of these is the best definition of the word _____ as used in paragraph (#)?
• In paragraph (#), the author states that _____ is/are _____?
• In the passage it is _____?
• What does mean?_____
• Which has the same meaning as _____?
• What is the meaning of (word) in paragraph #?
• Read the dictionary entry. Dictionary entry with 4 definitions. Now read the sentence from theRead the dictionary entry. Dictionary entry with 4 definitions. Now read the sentence from the passage. Which definition of (word) is used in the sentence?
• What is the meaning of the word/phrase (word/phrase in italics) in paragraph (#) of the passage?
• Which word could the author have used in paragraph (#) instead of (vocabulary word)?
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
• As used in this passage, the (word) means?
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• If you did not know the meaning of (word) in (text), you should _____?
Vocabulary Cueing Systems
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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• _____ is an example of a _____
Literary Elements Elements/Devices
• Which of these did the author use…
• What type of literary device is used in the text below?
• From which point of view is the passage told?
• Which term best describes this type of literature? (flashback, dialogue, rhyme, persuasion, autobiography, legend)
• Which of these best categorizes the section of the passage? (flashback, dialogue, rhyme, persuasion, autobiography, legend)p , g p y, g )
• Two articles can best be classified as which type of writing.
• What is ironic about the author’s reference to _____ in _____?
• The author says (quote). What type of literary device is this?The author says (quote). What type of literary device is this?
• What type of writing best describes _____?
• In the passage, _____ is an example of _____.
• Which literary technique is used in the text below?• Which literary technique is used in the text below?
• How would (title of text) be categorized?
• Which term best describes the setting of the passage?
• Which sentence from the passage contains as example of (literary device)?
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
• Which sentence from the passage contains as example of (literary device)?
• What literary device is used in the sentence below?
• Which is an example of (literary device)?
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• What element of fiction is introduced in paragraph #?
Literary Elements Elements/Devices
• Which statement from the passage shows that it was written from the first person point of view?
• In paragraph (#) of the passage, why does the author include (technique)?
• Which phrase is an example of figurative language?
• Why does the author describe (detail from passage) with a (literary device)?
• First person point of view, told by two characters
• First person point of view, told by one character
Thi d i t f i t ld b t ith li it d d t di f th h t• Third person point of view, told by a narrator with a limited understanding of the characters
• Third person point of view, told by a narrator who know the thoughts and feelings of all characters
• The passage is nonfiction because
• Which feature of this passage suggests that it is a (folktale)?
• This passage is an example of nonfiction because it
• A. includes personal opinions.
B k d ti• B. asks and answers questions.
• C. mentions objects from everyday life.
• D. presents factual information on a topic.
• What genre is this passage?
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
• What term best describes this passage?
• What term best identifies this passage?
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• According to…• Alliteration
• Fictional • Figurative language
ISAT Glossary• Omniscient• Onomatopoeia
• Support the idea• Symbolism• Alliteration
• Alike• Alternative reference
materials • Antonym• Article
A t bi h
• Figurative language• First person• Flashback• Folktale• Genre
• BiographyF lkt l
• Onomatopoeia• Opinion• Organizational pattern• Passage• Personification• Persuade
P i
• Symbolism• Synonym • Tall tale• Teach • Term• Text
Th• Autobiography • Based on• Best describes• Biography• Book• Categorize
• Folktale• Legend• Nonfiction
• Historical fiction • Humor• Hyperbole
• Persuasion• Persuasive • Plot• Poem• Poet• Point of view
• Theme• Thesaurus • Third person• Third person objective• Third person omniscient• Title
• Cause-and-effect• Character• Classified• Climax • Compare and
contrast
• Inform• Imagery • Italics • Ironic • Legend• Literary
• Problem• Purpose• Rather than • Reason • Recall • Refer
• To convince• To direct• Tone• Traditional• Trait• Understatement
• Create a picture• DescriptiveDetail• Dialogue• Dictionary • Disadvantage • Encyclopedia
• Literary device• Literary technique• Literature • Main idea• Meaning• Message
• Repetition• Rising action • Rhyme• Same (what word
means the same)• Same meaning
• What is the author’s purpose in writing this message?
• What is the genre of ______?
• What type of writing is y p• Entertain• Essay• Establish the theme• Example• Explain • Expository
g• Metaphor• Minor detail • Most likely• Most likely reason• Myth • Narrative
g• Science fiction• Selection• Setting• Sequence/Sequencing• Simile• Speaker
yp gthis passage?
• Words
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Expository• Fable• Fact• Fairytale• Fiction
Narrative• Nonfiction • Narrative• Nonfiction• Objective
Speaker• Stanza• Statement (true/false)• Story• Summary
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Week 1Comprehension • Show students all predicting style questions. Discuss.
• Practice predicting organizersVideo sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________
Vocabulary
__________________________________
• Show students definition/context style vocabulary questions. y y q• Create own definition style questions.
Extended Response to
Reading • Read an extended response to reading sample with students. • Color code the level 4 sample Discuss• Color code the level 4 sample. Discuss.
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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Week 2Comprehension • Show students all summarizing style questions. Discuss.
• Practice summarizing organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________
Vocabulary
__________________________________
• Show students synonym style vocabulary questions. y y y y q• Create own synonym style vocabulary questions.
Extended Response to
Reading • Write an extended response to reading sample as a shared writingwriting.
• Use content area or classroom related materials and prompts.
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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Week 3Comprehension • Show students all connecting style organizers. Discuss.
• Practice connecting organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________
Vocabulary
__________________________________
• Show students origin style vocabulary questions.g y y q• Review roots and affixes from reading framework.
Extended Response to
Reading • Write an extended response to reading sample as a shared writingwriting.
• Use content area or classroom related materials and prompts.
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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Week 4Comprehension • Show students all questioning style organizers. Discuss.
• Practice questioning organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________
Vocabulary
__________________________________
• Show students definition/context style vocabulary questions. y y q• Create own definition style questions.
Extended Response to
Reading • Write an extended response to reading sample as a shared writingwriting.
• Use content area or classroom related materials and prompts.
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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Week 5Comprehension • Show students all inferring style questions. Discuss.
• Practice inferring organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________
Vocabulary
__________________________________
• Show students origin style vocabulary questions.g y y q• Review roots and affixes from reading framework.
Extended Response to
Reading • Practice extended response to reading sample prompt. • Provide feedback to each student Give them one helpful hint• Provide feedback to each student. Give them one helpful hint.
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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Week 6Comprehension • Show students all imaging style questions. Discuss.
• Practice imaging organizers.Video sample - __________________________________Text samples - __________________________________
Vocabulary
__________________________________
• Show students origin style vocabulary questions.g y y q• Review roots and affixes from reading framework.
Extended Response to
Reading • Practice extended response to reading sample prompt. • Provide feedback to each student Give them one helpful hint• Provide feedback to each student. Give them one helpful hint.
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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VideosGlobal Warming: What You Need to Know http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/global-warming-what-you-need-to-know-melting-glaciers.htmlPlanet Earth: Pole to Pole http://www discoveryeducation com/video-in-the-classroom/planet-earth-pole-
Top 5 Mars Phoenix Lander Images http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.htmlNight Tornadohttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.htmlMyth Busters: Banana Peelhttp://www.discoveryeducation.com/video in the classroom/planet earth pole
to-pole.cfmHow It’s Made: Contact Lenses http://science.discovery.com/videos/how-its-made-contact-lenses.htmlHow Stuff Works: Popcorn http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/how-stuff-works-popcorn.htmlHow It’s Made: Football Helmets
Myth Busters: Banana Peelhttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/mythbusters-best-of-the-banana-peel-high-speeds.htmlControlled Lightninghttp://science.discovery.com/videos/kapow-superhero-science/Baseball: Fieldinghttp://science.discovery.com/videos/the-physics-of-baseball-fielding.html
http://science.discovery.com/videos/how-its-made-football-helmet.htmlHow It’s Made: Crayons http://science.discovery.com/videos/how-its-made-crayons.htmlSquirrelshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/animals-squirrels-and-humans-find-friends-similar-ways.htmlPenguins
Computinghttp://science.discovery.com/videos/visions-of-the-future-ubiquitous-computing.html
Penguinshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/planet-earth-ice-worlds-antarctic-penguin-fathers.htmlMaking a Lie Detector http://science.discovery.com/videos/brink-home-with-kip-kay-making-a-lie-detector.htmlHow Toilet Paper is Madehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrg_6dny6PoFerretshttp://animal.discovery.com/videos/all-new-planets-funniest-animals-ferrets.htmlPet Training: Dog Parkshttp://animal.discovery.com/videos/pet-training-dog-park.htmlPet Training: Cat GroomingPet Training: Cat Groominghttp://animal.discovery.com/videos/cat-grooming.htmlDinosaurs Triceratopshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/dinosaurs-triceratops-tough-customers.htmlCarbon Footprinthttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/global-warming-what-you-need-to-know-carbon-footprint.htmlpLife on Marshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/space-colonies-life-on-mars.htmlFavorite Animalshttp://dsc.discovery.com/videos/planet-earth-favorite-animals.htmlTop 5 Mars Phoenix Lander Images http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/space-top-5-mars-phoenix-lander-images.html
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Comprehension Strategy Glossary
Predicting Fiction SummarizingNonfiction Summarizing Connecting
Questioning InferringQuestioning InferringImaging Strategy Streaming
Ad hoc groups Small groups of students with similar skill deficits. Direct instruction provided in deficit areas of reading, including phonics, phonemic awareness, fluency, vocabulary, and/or comprehension. Teacher reads text most of the time.y
Guided reading groups
Small groups of students at similar or same reading levels. Teacher encourages, monitors, and coaches each student facilitating comprehension strategy growth. Student reads text.
Small group shared reading Reteaching comprehension strategy (as you do in shared reading) to a small group. Teacher reads text.
Text A piece of fiction or nonfiction
Predicting Abandoning predictions
Letting go of a prediction that has no foundation in the text. For example. I predict that Goldilocks will go home to her Mom and go out for ice cream. I need to abandon my prediction because in the text it says, Goldilocks ate Baby Bear's bowl of porridge.
A tAccuratepredictions The author’s text matches my prediction (ex. Goldilocks will eat the porridge.)
Adjusting predictions
When you revise or add specific details to an accurate prediction to make it correct. For example, I predicted that Goldilocks will spill the porridge and make a big mess. I will adjust that prediction to say, Goldilocks ate Baby Bear's porridge.
Creating The second step in making a prediction. Making a precise prediction based on the text preview. (Fiction -
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
gpredictions
p g p g p p p (predicts plot structure. Nonnarrative nonfiction- predicts key points)
Enhance Adding specific details to a precise prediction without changing the basic prediction. For example, I predict that Goldilocks will eat the porridge. I will enhance my prediction to Goldilocks ate Baby Bear's bowl of porridge.
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Comprehension Strategy Glossary
Predicting Exposition Within a fiction text the section that you read before you make a prediction. This section contains all of the
textual information (author genre character setting tone/mood and action/event)p textual information (author, genre, character, setting, tone/mood, and action/event)."I know" Information from students’ background knowledge."I learned" The revised predictions at the end of the predicting process."I see"/"I read" Information from the text.Inaccurate predictions Prediction unrelated to text features/exposition (ex. Goldilocks will play with aliens on Mars.)p ed ct o sMonitoring predictions Continuously enhancing, adjusting and abandoning predictions while reading.
Predict The process in which students previews text, creates predictions and monitors predictions.Precise prediction A very specific prediction based on an accurate understanding of the previewed text features/exposition.Preview The first step in making a prediction. Uses all available textual information by referencing the visual cues.Visual cues Text features that assist in predicting such as title, illustrations, and so on.
Summarizing Actual plot Enhanced, adjusted and corrected predictions combined into the beginning, middle and end of the story.
Key Point/Idea In fiction: major plot pointsIn non narrative: sub topsy In non-narrative: sub-tops
Predicted plot Predictions based a preview of the exposition.Summarize(fiction)
The process in which students add events in order (plot), or identify the theme.
Theme Universal truth set in the context of the
Uni ersal tr ths Theme starters on the graphic organizers. They are concepts that transcend culture, race, time, gender, age,
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Universal truths g p g y p , , , g , g ,creed, etc.
Interesting paragraph
Contains interesting examples but has the same important information as a previous paragraph. There are no new key points.
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Comprehension Strategy Glossary
Summarizing Summarize The process in which students add key points from paragraphs into a summation of the text.(nonfiction)Transition Paragraph
A paragraph that connects one paragraph to the next without giving any new information. There are no key points.
ConnectingConnecting Viable connection Connected information from students’ background knowledge that adds information to text.
Connection is not related to an important aspect of the text.Focused connection
Connected information from the students’ background knowledge that adds information to an important aspect of the text..
InferringInference vs. Assumption
An Inference is a logical decision based on textual evidence and the individual’s background knowledge. An Assumption is an interpretation that is solely based on background knowledge and has no textual support.
T t l E id Clues purposely placed by the author ranging from subtle to conspicuous. The reader must use an Textual Evidence C ues pu pose y p aced by t e aut o a g g o subt e to co sp cuous e eade ust use ainferring antennae tuned to the text to find the clues.
Conspicuous A clue that is obvious.Subtle A clue that is almost hidden, barely visible.
Strategy Streaming
© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
Strategy Streaming Strategy Streaming Blending one strategy into the next to deeply comprehend text
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Possible Time Line for C h i I t tiComprehension Instruction
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© 2004-2010, Gretchen Courtney & Associates, Ltd.
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Primary Text PromptsBunny Cakes How did Max accomplish his goal?by Rosemary Wells
Text PromptsWill We Miss Them? Explain why these animals are Endangered Species endangered.by Alexandra Wright
The Relatives Came How do you know this family likesby Cynthia Rylant its relatives?
Keepers Is Kenyon a good by Jeri Hanel Watts and grandson? Why or why not? Felicia Marshall
y g(pp. 1-8; eagle-panda)
What Makes You Cough, Explain how blinking helps yourSneeze, Burp, Hiccup, eyes.Blink, Yawn, Sweat,
Felicia Marshall
Betsy Who Cried Wolf! Explain how Betsy showed she was by Gail Carson Levine determined to succeed.
Cross-Country Cat How does Henry show his
and Shiver?by Jean Stangl
How Do Animals Adapt? Explain how animals adapt to the by Bobbie Kalman seasons.
C oss Cou t y Cat o does e y s o sby Mary Calhoun determination to find his family?
Healthy Food Explain how food keeps you healthy.by Angela Royston(pp. 12-13, 14-15, 18-19, 20 21 d 2 2 )
A Picnic in October Explain why the boy changes his by Eve Bunting mind about the party for Lady Liberty.
Alejandro’s Gift Explain Alejandro’s gift.by Richard Albert
20-21, and 24-25)Farmer Duck Why do the animals help the duck?by Martin Waddell
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Intermediate Text PromptsThe Summer My Father Explain why the author’s father Was Ten helped Mr. Bellavista replant his by Pat Brisson garden.
Text PromptsIf You Lived at the Time What did women and children do to of the American help the Continental Army?Revolutionb K M
Dandelions How did Papa make Nebraska by Eve Bunting Territory their home?
Mr. Lincoln’s Whiskers How does Grace show that she has
by Kay Moore(pp. 42-43)
Lightning Explain how thunderheads form.by Stephen Kramer(pp 30-35)
by Karen Winnick her own opinions?
26 Fairmount Avenue Explain what kind of person Tomie’sby Tomie DePaola mother was.(pp 1 8)
(pp. 30-35)
How Many Days to Explain what Thanksgiving means to America? A Thanksgiving this family. Story by Eve Bunting (pp. 1-8)
Out of Darkness Why did Louis Braille have such a by Russell Freedman hard time getting people to use his (pp. 57-66) raised-dot alphabet?
y g
The Story of Money Explain how early people used other by Betsy Maestro objects instead of money to get what (pp. 3-13) they needed.
Cut From the Same Cloth How did Sal earn her reputation for by Robert D. San Souci being brave?(pp. 51-55)
America’s Champion Why does Gertrude say, “All the by Gertrude Ederle women of the world will celebrate,”
after she swims across the English Channel?
Mrs. Mack How did Patricia change from the by Patricia Polacco beginning to the end of the story?