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TRANSCRIPT
Name:!Katalina!Su!Delegation:!Notre!Dame!Prep!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1Afghanistan!!
!
Part!I!9!Country!Information!!
Afghanistan!is!a!652,230!sq.!km!country,!roughly!the!size!of!six!times!the!state!of!Virginia!
and!smaller!than!Texas,!located!in!Southern!Asia.!Afghanistan!shares!its!southwest!border!with!Iran!and!its!southeast/eastern!border!with!Pakistan.!The!terrain!is!mostly!rugged!
mountains!and!a!series!of!plains!to!the!north!and!southwest!of!Afghanistan.!Due!to!its!immense!plains,!58%!of!Afghanistan's!land!is!used!for!agricultural!purposes.!Ahmad!Shah!
Durrani!first!founded!Afghanistan!in!1747!after!unifying!the!Pashtun!tribes.!Before!
Afghanistan!gained!independence!in!1919,!it!was!under!notional!British!control!and!served!as!a!barrier!between!British!and!Russian!Empires.!After!its!newly!gained!independence,!
Afghanistan!established!a!democratic!government!that!was!short9lived!due!to!a!coup!in!
1973!and!a!subsequent!communist!coup!in!1978.!In!1979,!the!Soviet!Union!invaded!Afghanistan!in!order!to!assist!the!Afghan!communist!regime;!which!caused!the!Soviet9
Afghan!war.!The!USSR!quickly!left!in!1989!due!to!pressure!caused!by!an!internationally!supported!anti9communists!group,!the!Mujahidin!rebels.!After!the!USSR's!departure!from!
Afghanistan,!a!series!of!civil!wars!ensued.!These!civil!wars!resulted!in!the!fall!of!Kabul,!
Afghanistan's!capital,!in!1966!to!the!Taliban.!The!Taliban!were!then!destroyed!by!US,!Allied,!and!anti9Taliban!Northern!Alliance!military!action!after!the!September!11th!attacks!
in!the!United!States.!Due!to!the!chaos!that!had!taken!place!in!Afghanistan,!the!UN!sponsored!the!Bonn!Conference!in!2001!in!order!to!establish!a!way!for!Afghanistan!to!
reconstruct!itself!politically.!The!Bonn!Conference!resulted!in!a!new!constitution,!a!
Presidential!election!in!2004,!and!the!National!Assembly!elections!in!2005.!Afghanistan's!government!is!considered!a!Presidential!Islamic!Republic.!The!government!in!Afghanistan!
consists!of!an!executive!branch,!legislative!branch,!and!a!judicial!branch.!The!legal!system!
in!Afghanistan!is!considered!to!be!a!mix!of!civil,!customary,!and!Islamic!law.!Afghanistan's!economy!is!finally!recovering!after!decades!of!conflict.!After!the!fall!of!the!Taliban!regime!in!
2001,!Afghanistan's!economy!saw!an!improvement!due!to!internal!assistance!and!the!recovery!of!both!the!agricultural!sector!and!service!sector.!Despite!the!progression,!
Afghanistan!is!a!country!that!is!extremely!poor,!landlocked!and!in!need!of!foreign!aid.!A!
majority!of!the!population!suffer!from!shortages!of!housing,!clean!water,!electricity,!medical!care,!and!jobs.!The!bright!future!for!Afghanistan's!economy!is!hampered!by!the!
criminality,!insufficient!security,!weak!government!power,!and!the!lack!of!infrastructure!that!ravage!this!country.!As!a!result!of!these!problems,!Afghanistan!is!considered!to!have!
one!of!the!lowest!living!standards!in!the!world.!With!donations!totaling!to!$83!million,!the!
international!community!has!been!an!integral!role!in!helping!Afghanistan's!development.!Despite!this!generosity,!Afghanistan!still!has!numerous!obstacles!to!overcome,!such!as:!low!
revenue!collection,!low!job!creation,!high!corruption,!weak!government,!and!subpar!public!
infrastructure.!Afghanistan's!economic!growth!rate!has!slowed!substantially!within!the!years!201492015.!This!can!be!attributed!to!the!withdrawal!of!international!security!forces!
as!a!substantial!amount!of!commerce!(services!sector)!has!been!reliant!on!the!international!
troop!presence.!The!current!president,!Ashraf!Ghani,!is!determined!to!establish!economic!
reforms!that!will!improve!revenue!collection!and!aid!in!the!fight!against!corruption.!Though!President!Ghani!has!these!plans,!reforms!take!a!sufficient!amount!of!time!to!
implement!and!as!a!result,!Afghanistan!will!continue!to!be!dependent!on!foreign!aid.!Afghanistan!currently!has!a!population!of!33,332,025!million,!which!consist!of!3!main!
ethnic!groups:!Pashtun,!Tajik!and!Uzek.!Regarding!to!language,!50%!of!Afghanistan's!
population!speaks!Dari!(Afgan!Persian),!35%!Pashto,!and!11%!speak!Turkic!languages.!The!Afghan!people!are!99.97%!Muslim!which!includes!84989%!Sunni!and!10915%!Shia.!
Afghanistan!is!a!country!that!has!a!strong!sense!of!family!and!is!a!predominately!
patriarchal!society.!!
!Part!II!–!Topics!
!
Topic!I:!Transnational!Crime!!
Afghanistan!is!a!country!that!has!had!its!share!of!crime,!wrongdoings,!and!utter!chaos.!Due!
to!the!ongoing!systematic!corruption!and!warfare,!Afghanistan!is!in!need!of!a!plan.!!
The!basis!of!the!Afghan!law!enforcement!is!the!Afghan!Interim!Authority.!The!Afghan!Interim!Authority!(AIA)!was!established!on!December!22,!2001,!roughly!two!weeks!after!
the!signing!of!the!Bonn!Agreement.!The!Bonn!Agreement!gave!the!AIA!an!internationally!
recognized!power!to!manage!everything!pertaining!to!autonomy.!This!agreement!was!facilitated!by!the!United!Nation's!conversations!between!Afghanistan!and!the!international!
partners!willing!to!help!Afghanistan.!The!international!community!promised!to!aid!the!Afghan!authority!establish!and!train!new!security/armed!forces!for!Afghanistan.!This!
willingness!to!assist!Afghanistan!establish!armed!and!security!forces,!resulted!in!the!
International!Security!Assistance!Force.!The!International!Security!Assistance!Force!(ISAF)!is!known!for!being!a!NATO!supported!security!mission!that!was!formed!by!the!United!
Nations!Security!Council.!The!ISAF!was!instated!December!of!2001!through!the!Resolution!
1386!per!the!Bonn!Agreement.!The!United!Nations!Security!council!announced!for!member!states!to!contribute!personnel,!equipment!and!additional!resources!to!the!International!
Security!Assistance!Force;!in!addition!to!cooperating!with!the!AIA!to!help!in!the!security!development!in!Afghanistan.!
!
The!average!ratio!of!police!to!people!in!Afghanistan!is!a!mere!1!to!216!police!(when!fully!staffed).!Afghanistan!houses!a!considerable!amount!of!police/security!agencies,!including:!
The!Ministry!of!Interim!who!control!the!Afghan!National!Police!Afghan!National!Police,!Afghan!Border!Police,!Afghan!Uniformed!Police,!and!the!Afghan!Public!Protection!Force.!
The!main!police!agency!is!the!Afghan!National!Police!(ANP).!The!ANP!is!a!heavily!
militarized!organization!and!its!primary!focus!is!being!the!first!line!of!defense!against!insurgents.!Although!there!is!a!police!presence!in!Afghanistan,!that!does!not!take!into!
account!the!efficiency!of!these!groups.!In!Afghanistan,!a!majority!of!the!police!are!highly!
corrupt!and!are!also!involved!in!organized!crimes.!The!use!of!torture!amongst!prisoners!is!a!common!practice!done!by!the!Afghan!police,!military,!and!intelligence!officials.!!
!
Afghanistan!is!also!a!witness!to!a!numerous!amount!of!civilian!casualties!due!to!civil!
conflict!that!is!on!the!rise.!The!United!Nations!reports!3,545!fatalities!and!7,457!injured!for!the!year!of!2015,!which!broke!the!previous!record!set!in!2014.!Most!of!these!casualties!are!
done!at!the!hands!of!the!Taliban,!but!17%!of!these!casualties!are!attributed!to!the!government!and!pro9government!forces.!The!Taliban!are!a!group!that!plays!an!important!
role!in!the!inability!to!redevelop!Afghanistan.!The!Taliban!are!responsible!for!high!profile!
suicide!bomber!attacks,!sophisticated!attacks!against!civilian!targets!(restaurants!and!hotels),!and!driving!military!convoys!through!populated!urban!areas!
!
The!Overseas!Security!Advisory!Council,!rates!the!crime!level!in!Afghanistan!as!"critical".!Criminal!activity!runs!from!the!regular!operation!of!several!local,!regional!and!
international!terrorist!organizations,!in!addition!to!other!organized!crime!instances,!such!as:!individual!thefts,!home!invasions!and!assaults.!Many!criminals!in!Afghanistan!decide!to!
operate!in!groups!rather!than!individually,!making!it!significantly!more!dangerous!for!
civilians.!The!security!situation!remains!tense!and!unpredictable!due!to!insurgents,!who!are!constantly!planning!eminent!attacks!against!international!and!private!sector!
institutions!and!personnel.!In!addition!to!terrorist!organizations,!narcotics!trafficking!
accounts!for!a!majority!of!Afghanistan's!crime!problems.!The!growth!of!the!cultivation!of!opium!production!and!smuggling,!allow!for!a!serious!threat!against!the!rule!of!law.!The!
illegal!narcotics!trade!undercuts!the!integrity!of!Afghan!law!enforcement!and!is!also!responsible!for!the!funding!of!terrorist!activity.!Narcotics!trafficking!is!an!informal!but!
multiplex!system!that!is!connected!to!local!political!motivations!and!the!groups!or!
individuals,!who!profit!from!the!heroin!cultivations,!interest.!!
!Topic!II!9!Housing!and!Urban!Development!
!
Afghanistan's!living!conditions!are!among!the!lowest!living!standards!in!the!world;!which!shows!how!much!improvement!Afghanistan!is!in!need!of!pertaining!to!the!development!of!
their!country.!
!One!major!contributor!to!the!development!of!Afghanistan!is!the!World!Bank.!Afghanistan!
joined!the!World!Bank!as!a!member!in!1955.!After!a!halt!in!operations!after!the!Soviet!invasion!in!1979,!operations!began!to!resume!in!May!2002!to!help!the!nationwide!
development!of!Afghanistan.!As!a!main!provider!of!funds!for!Afghanistan,!the!World!Bank!
has!contributed!over!$3.34!billion!to!support!Afghanistan!in!areas!such!as!development!and!emergency!reconstruction!plans.!Along!with!the!$3.34!billion!to!aid!in!Afghanistan's!
development,!they!have!also!contributed!five!budget!support!operations!in!Afghanistan;!this!supported!resulted!in!$2.90!billion!in!grants!and!$436.4!million!in!credits!(no!interest!
loans).!A!private!sector!of!the!World!Bank!Group,!the!International!Finance!Corporation,!
made!investments!in!the!hotel!sector!and!financial!markets!of!Afghanistan,!totaling!to!an!amount!of!$80!million.!
!
Due!to!Afghanistan's!history!of!war!and!destruction,!this!has!led!to!a!severe!housing!crisis.!In!about!30!years!of!war,!Afghanistan!has!lost!70,000!much!needed!houses.!Due!to!a!
growing!increase!of!population!(9including!the!return!refugees),!the!housing!crisis!has!
worsen.!Kabul!has!become!one!the!world's!most!emergent!planning!issue!due!to!a!rapid!
population!growth,!along!with!cities,!such!as:!Jalalabad,!Mazar9e9Sharif,!and!Kandahar.!This!devastating!housing!crisis!has!attracted!the!attention!of!foreign!firms!that!have!invested!
$4.5!billion!into!the!rebuilding!of!Afghanistan.!Along!with!foreign!firms!tying!to!assuage!this!housing!crisis,!the!Afghanistan's!Ministry!of!Urban!Development!is!working!on!the!
housing!crisis!as!well.!They!have!been!working!on!a!$28.2!million!project!that!will!improve!
the!quality!of!life!in!Afghanistan.!!
!
Topic!III!9!Waste!Management!!
Currently,!Afghanistan's!waste!management!system!is!subpar!and!dangerous.!Kabul!currently!produces!about!3,000!tons!of!solid!waste!per!day!and!the!collection!capacity!for!
this!waste!is!only!a!mere!400!tons.!In!addition!to!this!lack!of!collection!capacity,!
Afghanistan!has!no!formal!solid!waste!disposal!system.!The!lack!of!solid!waste!disposal!is!a!result!of!a!weak!drainage!and!surface!water!system.!Due!to!the!absence!of!an!official!waste!
disposal!system,!many!homes/buildings!have!adopted!the!use!of!other!ways!of!waste!
disposal!such!as:!dry!latrines,!shoddy!septic!tanks,!and!open!burn!pits.!The!open!burn!pits!are!a!source!of!environmental!hazards!because!of!the!air!pollution!it!creates.!Open!burn!
pits!have!been!known!to!cause!respiratory!diseases!and!different!types!of!cancers.!In!addition!to!this!dilemma,!waste!produced!by!industries,!hospitals!and!construction!have!
significantly!increased!the!amount!of!waste!produced!daily.!A!majority!of!the!contents!of!
this!trash!poses!a!biohazard!because!of!the!lack!of!a!proper!waste!disposal!system.!As!a!result!of!this!problem,!the!U.S!Army!Corps!of!Engineers!began!to!work!with!additional!
organizations!to!create!a!recycling!program!in!Afghanistan.!Another!form!of!foreign!aid!pertaining!to!Afghanistan's!waste!management!system,!the!Special!Inspector!General!for!
Afghanistan!Reconstruction!created!an!assessment!of!waste!disposal!operations!on!the!
United!States'!bases!in!Afghanistan.!Subsequently,!the!United!States!government!spent!more!than!$81!million!on!the!establishment!of!23!solid!waste!incinerations!systems.!
Although!the!waste!management!system!in!Afghanistan!is!still!subpar!and!inefficient,!the!
help!of!foreign!aid!has!helped!the!country!improve.!!
!Work!Cited:!
!
"Afghanistan."!CultureGrams!Online!Edition,!ProQuest,!2016,!http://online.culturegrams.com/world/world_country.php?cid=1&cn=Afghanistan&ctid=3
.!!
Chopra,!Anuj.!"Afghanistan!Faced!with!Severe!Housing!Shortage."!World!Politics!Review,!18!
Oct.!2007,!www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/1255/afghanistan9faced9with9severe9housing9shortage.!Accessed!25!Nov.!2016.!
!
CIA.!"South!Asia:!Afghanistan."!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!edited!by!CIA,!Open!Gov,!10!Nov.!2016,!www.cia.gov/library/publications/the9world9factbook/geos/af.html.!Accessed!
21!Nov.!2016.!
!
Freedom!House.!"Afghanistan."!Freedom!House,!edited!by!Freedom!House,!freedomhouse.org/report/freedom9world/2016/afghanistan.!Accessed!23!Nov.!2016.!
!HIC!General!Assembly.!"Afghanistan:!Refugee!Housing!Problems."!Habitat!International!
Coalition,!Misereor,!1!Jan.!2005,!www.hic9gs.org/document.php?pid=2585.!Accessed!25!
Nov.!2016.!!
Institute!for!the!Study!of!War.!"Afghan!National!Police."!ISW,!edited!by!Institute!for!the!
Study!of!War,!Institute!for!the!Study!of!War,!www.understandingwar.org/afghan9national9police9anp.!Accessed!23!Nov.!2016.!
!Justice!&!Prisons!Admin.!"Justice!and!Prison!Reform!in!Afghanistan:!Where!next?"!Justice!
and!Prisons,!5!Dec.!2016,!justiceandprisons.org/?p=5406.!Accessed!23!Nov.!2016.!
!Kurian,!George!Thomas,!ed.!"Afghanistan:!Family!Life."!World!Geography!and!Culture!
Online.!Facts!On!File,!Inc.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!
<http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE39&Culture.aspx&iPin=!M0019535&SingleRecord=True>.!
!Motley!Rice.!"Afghan!Recycling!Program:!Waste!management!and!economic!development!
plan!address!burn!pit!use."!Motley!Rice,!edited!by!Motley!Rice!Communications,!8!Feb.!
2012,!www.pogo.org/blog/2015/02/waste9disposal9in9afghanistan.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/.!Accessed!25!Nov.!2016.!
!OSAC.!"Afghanistan!2016!Crime!&!Safety!Reprot."!United!States!Department!of!State:!
Bureau!of!Diplomatic!Security,!edited!by!Overseas!Security!Advisory!Council,!Overseas!
Security!Advisory!Council,!2016,!www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=19292.!Accessed!23!Nov.!2016.!
!
Project!on!Government!Outlook.!"Waste!Disposal!in!Afghanistan:!The!Final!Word."!Project!on!Government!Outlook,!POGO,!12!Feb.!2015,!www.pogo.org/blog/2015/02/waste9
disposal9in9afghanistan.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/.!Accessed!25!Nov.!2016.!!
Rahimi,!Habib.!"Sanitation!and!Environment!Kabul!City."!UN!Habitat,!United!Nations,!Nov.!
2011,!www.fukuoka.unhabitat.org/kcap/activities/egm/2011/pdf/Afghanistan.pdf.!Accessed!25!Nov.!2016.!
!United!States,!Congress,!House,!United!States!Institute!of!Peace.!Afghanistan's!Police.!
Government!Printing!Office,!2009.!United!States!Institute!of!Peace,!USIP,!
www.usip.org/sites/default/files/afghanistan_police.pdf.!Accessed!23!Nov.!2016.!!
The!World!Bank.!"The!World!Bank!Group!and!Afghanistan."!The!World!Bank,!edited!by!
World!Bank!Group,!World!Bank!Group,!www.worldbank.org/en/country/afghanistan/overview#2.!Accessed!25!Nov.!2016.!
!
!
Name:!Phoebe!Lopez!Delegation:!Rancocas!Valley!High!School!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1Bangladesh!!!Part!I!?!Country!Information!!Bangladesh,!officially!the!People's!Republic!of!Bangladesh,!is!a!smaller!nation!and!a!sovereign!state!in!Southeast!Asia.!It!is!not!an!ASEAN!member!state,!but!it!does!belong!to!the!ASEAN!Regional!Forum.!Located!at!the!apex!of!the!Bay!of!Bengal,!Bangladesh!shares!borders!with!India!and!Myanmar,!and!is!separated!from!Bhutan!merely!by!the!Siliguri!Corridor.!Suriname's!northern!border!is!entirely!along!the!Atlantic!Ocean.!Despite!it!being!lesser!in!size,!its!population!reaches!about!170!million,!ranking!at!the!world's!eighth!most!populous!country!and!Asia's!fifth!most!populous.!The!birth!rate!as!of!2014!is!18.9!per!1000!people,!and!the!death!rate!at!only!5.2!per!1000!people.!Amongst!other!large!countries,!it!is!also!the!most!densely!populated!nation!in!the!world!(1252!per!km2).!The!official!Bengali!language!is!the!seventh!most?spoken!language!in!the!world,!which!Bangladesh!shares!with!several!neighboring!Indian!states.!Dhaka,!the!country's!capital,!and!a!port!city!called!Chittagong!are!the!most!known!urban!centers.!The!predominant!ethnicity!is!Bengali,!with!a!dominant!majority!of!Bengali?Muslims!(87%).!Bengali!Hindus!(12%),!Chakmas!(people!of!the!Chittagong!Hill!Tracts),!and!Bengali!Christians!(0.5%)!are!also!politically!significant.!As!a!developing!country,!Bangladesh!faces!poverty,!corruption,!polarization!in!politics,!human!rights!abuse!by!security!forces,!overpopulation!and!global!warming.!In!another!sense,!it!has!achieved!remarkable!human!development!progress!regarding!health,!gender!equality,!education,!food!production!and!population!control.!The!country!has!managed!to!reduce!their!poverty!rate!from!57%!to!26%!in!24!years.!Bangladesh,!however,!needed!first!to!establish!governmental!organization!and!values!in!order!to!attain!its!successes.!It!is!considered!a!middle!power!(demotion!from!a!superpower)!in!international!regards!and!is!a!major!developing!country;!it!is!listed!as!one!of!the!Next!Eleven,!a!catalog!of!countries!possessing!the!potential!of!having!the!world's!largest!economies!in!the!21st!century,!according!to!Goldman?Sachs.!Currently,!Bangladesh!has!the!third?largest!economy!and!military!in!South!Asia!(preceded!by!India!and!Pakistan).!It!is!a!unitary!state,!a!state!governed!as!a!single!power!by!a!central!government,!with!an!elected!parliament!called!the!Jatiyo!Sangshad.!It!is!also!a!member!of!the!South!Asian!Association!for!Regional!Cooperation!(SAARC)!and!hosts!the!secretariat!of!the!Bay!of!Bengal!Initiative!for!Multi?Sectoral!Technical!and!Economic!Cooperation!(BIMSTEC).!Additionally,!the!country!is!the!world's!largest!contributor!to!UN!peacekeeping!operations.!Bangladesh!has!also!abundant!natural!resources,!like!natural!gas!and!limestone.!It!is!also!a!global!leader!as!a!textile!producer,!known!for!its!muslin!and!silk.!Its!major!trading!partners!consist!of!the!EU,!the!US,!Japan,!and!other!close!countries.!!!!!!
Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I?!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Having!the!highest!population!density!in!the!world,!among!large!countries,!Bangladesh!has!addressed!its!need!for!population!control.!But,!to!make!change,!the!nation!must!first!understand!the!many!causes!for!its!overpopulation.!Industrial!revolution!(agriculture!and!industry)!and!technological!advancements!served!for!many!finding!ways!to!afford!more!children.!Bangladesh's!birth!and!death!rates!are!also!telling!factors!of!population!growth;!it!feels!the!need!to!regulate!the!number!of!births!in!the!country.!Illiteracy!is!the!most!important!cause!of!population!issues.!85%!people!in!Bangladesh!live!in!villages;!they!are!illiterate!and!do!not!understand!the!importance!of!family!planning,!ending!up!raising!many!poor!children.!Many!other!factors!have!lead!up!to!the!overflowing!population!of!Bangladesh,!but!the!country!has!also!achieved!some!forms!of!progress.!The!annual!population!growth!rate!has!decreased!since!1990,!currently!at!about!1.2%,!and!the!net!migration!rate!(immigrants!minus!emigrants)!is!?2.85!per!1,000!population.!The!median!age!of!Bangladesh!is!26!years!with!31.6%!of!the!population!under!15,!63.3%!of!15?64,!and!5.1%!65!and!older.!There!has!also!been!an!increase!in!better!education!and!health!awareness,!especially!for!women,!so!that!they!understand!the!importance!of!family!planning!methods.!Lastly,!the!gradual!economic!improvement!has!had!an!impact!on!parents,!who!can!now!look!forward!to!educating!their!children!rather!than!relying!on!larger!families!for!economic!security.!However,!there!are!still!many!follies!Bangladesh!faces!with!overpopulation!that!are!urgent!for!addressing.!!In!this!predominantly!rural!country,!overpopulation!and!environmental!degradation!have!contributed!to!a!large,!landless!population.!Educationally!speaking,!Bangladesh's!enrollment!rate!for!students!of!the!total!population!(of!the!appropriate!age)!is!about!92%,!an!impressive!number!representing!families!of!students'!interest.!But,!the!teacher!student!ratio!is!currently!1:70,!which!is!not!sufficient!for!a!valuable!education.!According!to!the!Bangladesh!Planning!Commission,!if!universal!primary!education!is!to!be!reached,!the!amount!of!resources!for!primary!education!would!have!to!be!doubled.!Widespread!poverty!and!underemployment!have!also!caused!an!increase!in!contract!labor!migration.!Men!emigrate!to!the!Arab!Gulf!States!and!have!ranged!to!Japan,!Lebanon,!Malaysia,!Mauritius,!Singapore!and!South!Korea.!WIth!this,!Bangladesh!also!faces!the!political!pressure!to!ensure!the!rights!and!well?being!of!its!citizens!abroad,!especially!concerning!migrant!worker!exploitation!and!prejudice!against!Bangladeshi!workers.!Bangladesh!has!also!been!struggling!with!the!Rohingya!refugee!crisis!(refugees!from!Myanmar)!and!cannot!support!the!influx!of!refugees;!they!did!not!take!up!offers!from!NGOs!or!even!the!United!Nations!High!Commissioner!for!Refugees,!proposing!to!cover!the!cost!of!government!services!for!refugees.!What!they!need!to!do!is!push!Dhaka!to!accept!and!realistically!come!up!with!refugee!strategies.!Bangladesh!has!a!moral!imperative!to!contribute!to!global!humanitarian!activities.!!Population!control!is!a!multi?pronged!strategy!that!has!to!depend!on!economic,!social,!and!educational!changes.!Family!planning!is!a!broad!solution!that!may!work!if!there!is!an!increase!in!the!availability!of!birth!control!methods!and!employment!opportunities!for!
women.!Bettering!education!for!school?age!children!is!also!increasing!in!necessity.!The!Bangladesh!Planning!Commission!would!like!to!come!to!solution!with!the!help!of!the!Southeast!Association!of!Ministers!of!Education!Organization!(Indonesia,!Malaysia,!Singapore,!Timor?Leste,!Vietnam,!Cambodia,!Philippines,!Thailand!and!Myanmar).!Regarding!labor!migration,!Bangladesh!would!entertain!extra!support!from!the!GMFD,!the!International!Labour!Organization!and!the!International!Migration!Organization!to!continue!helping!its!citizens!abroad.!To!address!the!refugee!crisis,!Bangladesh!and!Myanmar!must!diplomatically!discuss!their!shared!borders!to!reach!a!solution.!!!Topic!II!?!Transnational!Crime!!Bangladesh!is!often!considered!a!safe!haven!for!financial!crime.!Hundi,!a!black!market!money!exchange!procedure,!is!commonly!used!for!cross?border!money!transfers!by!Bangladesh!expatriates!living!globally!and!is!a!serious!concern!for!the!sake!of!the!country.!Illegal!money!laundering!has!even!served!for!financing!terrorist!and!militant!activities.!The!Government!of!Bangladesh!has!already!established!the!Counter!Terrorism!and!Transnational!Crime!Unit!(CTTC)!under!the!Dhaka!Metropolitan!Police.!Bangladesh!has!also!a!number!of!legal!regimes!such!as!the!Bangladesh!Penal!Code,!Foreign!Exchange!Regulations!Act!and!the!Money!Laundering!Prevention!Act!to!fight!financial!crimes;!however,!transnational!collaboration!is!important!to!further!the!power!of!ASEAN.!Bangladesh,!being!sandwiched!in!by!Myanmar!and!India,!is!also!associated,!as!a!trade!country,!with!drug!trafficking!and!the!transports!of!opium!and!heroin!across!borders.!!Although!Bangladesh!is!not!a!member!of!ASEAN,!it!believes!in!the!unity!and!power!of!the!nations!of!Southeast!Asia.!Bangladesh!believes!that!the!best!way!to!champion!transnational!crime!is!by!international!cooperation!and!efforts!from!crime!organizations.!It!realizes!that!drug!trade!or!other!forms!of!illegal!trade!heavily!influence!the!economies!of!surround!countries,!but!the!crimes!are!illegal!nonetheless.!Additionally,!Bangladesh!is!now!increasingly!being!used!as!a!transit!route!by!transnational!militants!for!smuggling!weapons/arms!trafficking.!The!smugglers!operate!across!India?Bangladesh!borders,!worsening!border!disputes.!But,!South!Asia!Partnership!(SAP)!Bangladesh!and!International!Action!Network!on!Small!Arms!jointly!organized!a!conference!in!Dhaka!regarding!these!problems.The!country!would!also!like!to!address!the!terrorism!and!religious!militancy!it!faces.!Many!terrorist!groups!target!Bangladesh's!majority!of!Bengali?Muslims,!and!worse!is!that!these!groups!have!linkage!to!other!transnational!ones.!For!example,!a!prevalent!group!is!the!HuJi?B,!which!has!links!to!terrorist!groups!in!Pakistan.!The!Bangladesh!government!has!established!special!laws!and!ordinances!to!curb!terrorism!and!terrorist!financing.!It!cannot,!however,!stand!alone!effectively!against!terrorism.!It!needs!institutionalization!of!transnational!cooperation,!or!the!adoption!of!a!collaborative!mechanism!by!the!Southeast!Asian!countries.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Although!Bangladesh!has!border!disputes!with!India!and!Myanmar,!the!countries!may!share!similar!interests!regarding!transnational!crime!due!to!their!close!environments.!Concerning!terrorism,!all!Southeast!Asian!nations!are!targeted!in!someway.!Taking!steps!to!
eradicate!terrorism!requires!the!cooperation!of!all!these!countries!and!the!understanding!that!we!all!experience!the!same!vices.!!!Topic!III!?!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Bangladesh,!as!stated!previously,!is!a!heavily!densely!populated!nation,!and!the!urban!population!is!growing!quicker!than!the!rural!population.!The!country!is!going!to!witness!a!rapid!spread!of!urbanization!over!the!next!decade.!According!to!an!estimate,!by!2020,!nearly!every!other!man,!woman!and!child!will!live!in!an!urban!area.!Unless!the!growth!is!effectively!managed,!the!chaotic!conditions!and!ills!like!pollution,!unemployment!and!exacerbation!of!criminal!activities!is!likely!to!multiply.!The!growing!disparity!in!living!standards!in!capital!Dhaka!between!the!slum!dwellers!on!one!side!and!well?off!urban!elites!on!the!other!may!lead!to!increased!social!and!political!instability.!The!fast!urbanization!is!also!pressuring!the!city's!limited!land,!its!fragile!environment,!and!weak!orban!services.!However,!with!a!proper!strategy!for!growth!and!employment,!this!can!give!rise!for!job!creation!in!the!non?farm!sector!and!thus!absorb!surplus!labor!force!resulting!from!the!capacitated!agricultural!sector.!!In!meeting!with!ASEAN!and!other!South!Asian!countries,!Bangladesh!would!like!to!address!and!hopefully!find!solution!for!housing!for!the!poor.!Currently,!Dhaka's!land!prices!are!similar!to!that!of!New!York!and!London,!and!thus!cannot!offer!affordable!housing.!Resultantly,!the!concentration!of!the!poor!has!emerged!in!slum!areas;!the!supply!of!moderately!priced!housing!is!a!major!issue.!It!is!estimated!that!a!third!of!Dhaka's!population!lives!in!slums,!with!difficult!to!no!access!to!public!toilets,!garbage!services,!public!health!clinics,!school,!or!even!safe!water,!and!it!would!highly!beneficial!if!these!issues!were!discussed.!In!addition,!even!for!middle!class!citizens,!overpopulation!has!caused!things!like!the!lack!of!motorized!transportation,!frequent!electricity!loss,!decreasing!access!to!piped!water!and!inadequate!sanitation!management.!!!!!!!!!!!!!In!Bangladesh,!poor!management,!inefficiency!and!lack!of!coordination!among!implementing!agencies!combined!with!insufficient!financial!resources!have!been!aggravating!urbanization!issues.!Failure!to!address!these!problems!with!a!strong!and!coordinated!planning!will!have!disastrous!consequences.!Because!the!main!cause!of!the!issues!is!such!a!dense!population,!Singapore!would!likely!agree!with!the!discussions!put!forth.!Mentioning!neighboring!countries!such!as!India!and!Myanmar!once!more,!Bangladesh!might!face!dispute!with!these!nations!due!to!the!desire!of!expanding!land!for!housing.!Despite!potential!contention,!Bangladesh!implores!Southeast!Asian!nations!to!understand!the!widening!gap!between!the!poor!and!the!elite,!in!any!country,!and!look!to!reach!affordable!conditions!for!all.!!!Work!Cited:!!!http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=130290!
http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/most?densely?populated?countries?in?the?world.html!!https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh!!http://bankofinfo.com/population?growth?in?bangladesh/!!http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/working?hard?money?bangladesh?faces?challenges?large?scale?labor?migration!!https://www.quora.com/Who?are?Bangladeshs?allies!!http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/refugees?and?neighbors?rohingya?in?bangladesh/!!http://www.asean.org/storage/archive/documents/19th%20summit/Culture.pdf!!http://dmp.gov.bd/application/index/page/counter?terrorism!!https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/164374/Issue%208.pdf!!http://www.asaub.edu.bd/data/asaubreview/v4n2sl1.pdf!!
Name:!Kelsey!Nies!Delegation:!Community!YMCA!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1Bhutan!!
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Part!I!;!Country!Information!
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The!Kingdom!of!Bhutan!is!a!small,!landlocked!nation!with!an!area!of!38,394!square!
kilometers!located!in!Southeast!Asia,!bordering!India!and!China.!The!country!is!a!
democratic!constitutional!monarchy,!with!executive,!judicial!and!legislative!branches,!ruled!
by!King!Jigme!Khesar!Namgyel!Wangchuck!(2006;present)!and!Prime!Minister!Tshering!
Tobgay!(2013;present).!The!monarchy!is!hereditary,!and!the!leader!of!the!largest!party!in!
Parliament!isappointed!Prime!Minister.!As!of!July!2016,!Bhutan's!population!consisted!of!
750,125!citizens,!of!which!50%!are!of!the!Ngalop!(Tibetan)!ethnicity,!35%!are!Nepalese,!
and!15%!are!native!or!indigenous!tribes.!In!terms!of!religion!and!language,!75.3%!of!those!
who!live!in!Bhutan!are!Lamaistic!Buddhists,!while!a!multitude!of!languages!are!present:!
Sharchhopka!(28%),!Dzongkha!(official,!24%),!and!Lhotshamkha!(22%).!The!conservation!
of!sacred!land!is!incredibly!important!to!the!Bhutanese;!72%!of!the!land!consists!of!
untouched!forest,!and!3/4!of!Parliament!members!must!agree!before!any!alteration!of!area!
occurs.!!
!
!The!mountainous!terrain!of!Bhutan!has!delayed!the!building!of!infrastructure!and!industry!
throughout!the!country;!as!a!result,!the!economy!is!small!and!underdeveloped,!with!a!GDP!
of!$6.4!billion.!Bhutan's!largest!export!is!hydropower!to!India,!which!has!exponentially!
expanded!the!nation's!trade.!By!2020,!Bhutan!will!have!built!12!new!hydropower!plants,!
but!is!currently!behind!schedule!due!to!saidconstruction!issues.!Furthermore,!agriculture!
and!forestry!are!significant!to!the!economy,!with!57%!of!its!occupants!working!in!
agricultural!occupations.!!
!
!Bhutan!became!a!member!of!the!United!Nations!on!September!21st,!1971.!The!nation!is!
not!a!member!of!the!Association!of!Southeastern!Asian!Nations!(ASEAN);!however,!is!a!
member!of!the!Economic!&!Social!Commission!for!Asia!&!Pacific!(ESCAP),!and!the!Non;
Aligned!Movement!(NAM).!!
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Part!II!–!Topics!
!
Topic!I;!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!
!
The!life!expectancy!in!Bhutan!is!69;71!years!of!age!(male;female),!resulting!in!only!6.2%!of!
the!current!Bhutanese!population!being!65!years!of!age!or!older.!This!strange!age!model!
has!led!to!a!lack!of!prominent!issues!regarding!support!of!the!older!population.!However,!
46%!of!the!population!is!between!ages!0!to!24!years.!Therefore,!the!country!of!Bhutan!has!
been!working!towards!modernizing!and!improving!social!issues,!such!as!tertiary!education!
and!gender!equality;!this!is!necessary!as!an!investment!in!the!youth!of!the!country.!Migrant!
workers!in!Bhutan!mainly!work!in!agriculture,!an!industry!that!employs!57%!of!the!
country's!occupants.!However,!the!increase!in!rural!to!urban!migration!will!harm!the!
agricultural!industry;!as!citizens!move!to!urban!societies,!agricultural!industries!are!left!
without!workers.!This!migration!has!also!weakened!the!support!being!offered!to!the!
elderly!who!reside!in!rural!areas.!The!most!significant!case!of!Bhutanese!citizens!becoming!
migrants!occurred!in!1990!when!the!Bhutan!Peoples'!Party!began!a!campaign!of!violence!
against!the!Bhutanese!government.!Tens!of!thousands!of!Bhutanese!citizens!fled,!mainly!to!
Nepal!and!India.!!
!
Considering!Bhutan!does!not!face!a!plethora!issues!concerning!the!elderly,!the!focus!will!be!
placed!on!the!improvement!of!social!imbalances!concerning!gender!and!education.!Females!
account!for!36%!of!those!receiving!a!tertiary!education,!and!Bhutan!would!like!to!
encourage!females!to!attain!this!higher!educational!level.!Also,!the!female!rural!population!
comprises!a!majority!of!the!citizens!that!are!residing!under!the!poverty!line.!Bhutan!strives!
to!improve!gender!equality,!especially!concerning!pay!and!working!conditions.!In!terms!of!
migration,!providing!the!elderly!with!living!situations!in!urban!societies!would!allow!for!
proper!care!to!be!given!to!this!population.!!
!
Also,!around!half!of!women!in!South!Asia!are!concentrated!in!agriculture,!and!complete!
unpaid!agricultural!work.!Countries!who!want!to!improve!the!equality!in!these!workplace!
situations,!such!as!Japan,!would!benefit!from!these!resolutions.!Bhutan's!migration!issues!
are!mainly!unique!to!the!country,!and!therefore,!not!much!support!exists!behind!these!
resolutions.!!
!
!
Topic!II!;!Transnational!Crime!
!
Crime,!such!as!drug!trafficking,!illegal!arms!trading!and!the!smuggling!of!immigrants,!is!not!
prevalent!within!Bhutan.!However,!data!on!these!issues!are!lacking,!so!there!is!a!possibility!
that!these!crimes!are!occurring.!The!country!itself!has!a!notable!law!enforcement,!with!556!
officials!per!100,000!citizens;!however,!cases!of!petty!crime,!alcohol!abuse!and!drug!abuse!
are!reported!issues.!The!more!serious!threat!to!the!nation!is!the!presence!of!terrorist!
groups!from!neighboring!countries!illegally!camped!inside!it's!borders.!Examples!of!these!
militant!groups!include!the!United!Liberation!Front!of!Assam!and!the!National!Democratic!
Front!of!Bodoland;!Bhutan!is!under!pressure!from!the!Indian!government,!as!well!as!other!
parties,!to!initiate!action!against!these!groups.!Bhutan!borders!China!to!the!south!west,!and!
is!therefore!susceptible!to!the!production!of!opium!and!drug!trafficking!involving!this!drug.!
The!borders!are!poorly!patrolled,!and!Bhutan's!location!between!two!regional!powers,!
India!and!China,!does!not!aid!this!lack!of!security.!!
!
Transnational!crime!is!not!an!issue!Bhutan!alone!can!solve.!The!nations!of!ASEAN!must!
work!collaboratively!to!enforce!security!measures!and!keep!foreign!illegal!contraband!from!
crossing!their!borders.!Bhutan!struggles!most!with!the!security!of!its!borders!and!
protecting!itself!from!militant!groups!and!potential!drug!traffickers!looking!to!infiltrate!the!
country.!However,!Bhutan!does!not!contain!the!necessary!means!to!dispose!of!these!illegal!
groups.!By!working!together!with!larger!world!powers,!Bhutan!will!be!able!to!stop!this!
infiltration.!Bhutan's!position!next!to!China!opens!the!nation!up!to!opium!trafficking,!and!
Bhutan!wishes!to!work!with!China!on!security!measures!and!stricter!punishments!to!stop!
this!illegal!action!from!occurring.!Furthermore,!the!threat!of!terrorism!is!prevalent!in!ASEA!
nations,!and!the!adoption!of!transnational!laws!or!a!method!of!communication!about!the!
potential!transnational!infiltration!of!terrorists!is!necessary!for!the!safety!of!all!countries.!
!
!India,!China!and!Bhutan!share!similar!interests!in!the!termination!of!terrorist!groups!and!
illegal!drug!trafficking.!Bhutan!could!also!be!aided!by!other!countries!battling!terrorism,!
such!as!Bangladesh,!who!have!been!successful!in!thwarting!these!terrorist!groups.!Smaller!
ASEA!nations,!such!as!Brunei!and!Cambodia,!could!be!greatly!benefited!by!larger!nations!in!
establishing!transnational!laws!and!strictly!enforcing!them.!!
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!
Topic!III!;!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!With!38.6%!of!the!total!population!living!in!urban!areas,!and!a!3.69%!urbanization!growth!
rate,!the!cities!of!Bhutan!are!growing!rapidly.!By!2020,!it!is!predicted!that!half!the!country's!
population!will!reside!in!urban!regions.!However,!this!dramatic!increase!in!the!urban!
population!will!lead!to!a!dearth!of!affordable!low;income!housing!and!space!for!the!urban!
population.!The!National!Housing!and!Development!Corporation!of!Bhutan!is!attempting!to!
supply!affordable!and!adequate!housing!to!vulnerable!groups.!72%!of!Bhutan's!land!is!
untouched!forest!and!the!nation!has!placed!an!emphasis!on!the!conservation!of!sacred!
land;!therefore,!finding!the!space!for!new!urban!developments!and!the!expansion!of!
current!urban!societies!will!prove!challenging.!Further!issues!that!have!arisen!from!this!
increase!in!the!urban!population!include:!poor!sanitation!and!water!facilities,!deteriorating!
air!quality,!and!the!proliferation!of!squatter!settlements!in!sacred!environmental!areas.!
Another!issue!lies!in!the!transport!systems!within!and!between!cities.!The!forest!and!
mountainous!terrain!of!Bhutan!does!not!allow!for!effortless!construction!of!transport!
systems;!any!available!construction!materials!and!vehicles!are!currently!being!supplied!to!
the!building!of!hydropower!plants.!In!terms!of!poverty,!a!major!theme!of!Bhutan's!10th!
Five!Year!Plan!was!poverty!reduction!focused!on!rural!populations.!By!increasing!
resources!and!investments!into!rural!regions,!Bhutan!was!able!to!promote!employment!
and!market!access!in!these!areas.!!
!
!Bhutan!wishes!to!focus!on!the!development!of!adequate!housing,!and!improving!the!
conditions!in!these!places.!Resolutions!concerning!urban!planning!and!the!upgrading!of!
urban!facilities,!especially!focused!on!decreasing!air!pollution!and!improving!sanitation!
and!air!quality,!will!be!considered.!Although!the!increase!in!urban!population!and!
modernization!is!important!in!ASEA!nations,!proper!sanitation!and!water!facilities!are!
increasingly!important!as!the!urban!population!increases.!A!Coordinating!Center!on!
Transboundary!Haze!Pollution!is!currently!being!established;!this!division!could!aid!with!
the!resolution.!Also,!the!Environmental!Division!of!the!ASEAN!Secretariat!could!be!used!as!
a!resource.!Furthermore,!urban!planning!and!engineering/infrastructure!services!should!
be!provided!to!nations!who!are!unsure!of!how!to!create!an!efficient!urban!society.!Bhutan!
has!been!successful!in!establishing!these!urban!societies,!yet!lacks!the!transportation!and!
sanitation!necessary!to!upkeep!these!growing!urban!populations!long!term.!!
!
!Pakistan,!Nepal!and!India,!all!countries!who!lack!the!necessary!means!of!stopping!
pollution,!could!benefit!from!the!establishment!of!these!means!in!urban!societies.!This!
issue!is!extremely!hazardous!to!the!human!population,!and!needs!to!be!addressed!before!
its!impact!worsens.!Meanwhile,!urban!populations!in!underdeveloped!countries,!such!as!
Kazakhstan!and!Indonesia,!would!benefit!from!external!services!in!infrastructure!and!
urban!planning!to!make!their!urban!societies!more!efficient!and!stable.!!
!
!
Work!Cited:!
!
"ASEAN!Centres!&!Facilities."!ASEAN!ONE!VISION!ONE!IDENTITY!ONE!COMMUNITY.!N.p.,!
n.d.!Web.!30!Nov.!2016.!<http://asean.org/asean/asean;centres;facilities/>.!
!
Penjore,!Dorji.!"Security!of!Bhutan:!Walking!Between!the!Giants."!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!30!Nov.!
2016.!
<https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1810/227045/JBS_10_09.pdf?sequ
ence=2>.!
!
!
"The!Permanent!Mission!of!the!Kingdom!of!Bhutan!to!the!United!Nations!in!New!York."!
Bhutan!Permanent!Mission!to!the!United!Nations.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!Retrieved!30!Nov.!2016!
from!https://www.un.int/bhutan/about.!
!
"Tenth!Five!Year!Plan!(2008;2013)."!Gross!National!Happiness!Commission.!Royal!
Government!of!Bhutan,!n.d.!Web.!30!Nov.!2016.!
!
"The!World!Factbook:!BHUTAN."!Central!Intelligence!Agency.!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!
n.d.!Web.!30!Nov.!2016.!<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the;world;
factbook/geos/bt.html>.!
!
Name:!Raghav!Sambasivan!Delegation:!Montgomery!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1Brunei!Darussalam!!!Part!I!=!Country!Information!!The!Nation!of!Brunei!is!located!in!Southeastern!Asia,!along!the!northern!coast!of!the!island!of!Borneo,!bordering!the!South!China!Sea!and!Malaysia.!The!Sultanate!of!Brunei's!influence!peaked!between!the!15th!and!17th!centuries!when!its!control!extended!over!coastal!areas!of!northwest!Borneo!and!the!southern!Philippines.!Brunei!subsequently!entered!a!period!of!decline!brought!on!by!internal!strife!over!royal!succession,!colonial!expansion!of!European!powers,!and!piracy.!In!1888,!Brunei!became!a!British!protectorate;!independence!was!achieved!in!1984.!The!same!family!has!ruled!Brunei!for!over!six!centuries.!Brunei!benefits!from!extensive!petroleum!and!natural!gas!fields,!the!source!of!one!of!the!highest!per!capita!GDPs!in!the!world.!Brunei!is!one!of!few!nations!in!the!world!that!still!follow!a!monarch!system,!with!the!Sultan!of!Brunei,!Hassanal!Bolkiah,!who!also!happens!to!be!one!of!the!richest!people!on!the!planet.!Despite!the!apparent!monarchy!and!great!wealth!towards!the!top!of!Brunei's!social!class,!the!nation!a!relatively!lower!poverty!rate!than!other!countries!due!to!government!assistance!and!welfare!benefits!such!as!free!education!and!healthcare,!pension!schemes,!allowances!and!subsidies.!In!terms!of!the!nation's!economy,!Brunei!is!an!energy=rich!sultanate!on!the!northern!coast!of!Borneo!in!Southeast!Asia.!Brunei!boasts!a!well=educated,!largely!English=speaking!population;!excellent!infrastructure;!and!a!stable!government!intent!on!attracting!foreign!investment.!Crude!oil!and!natural!gas!production!account!for!approximately!65%!of!GDP!and!95%!of!exports,!with!Japan!as!the!primary!export!market.Per!capita!GDP!is!among!the!highest!in!the!world,!and!substantial!income!from!overseas!investment!supplements!income!from!domestic!hydrocarbon!production.!Bruneian!citizens!do!not!pay!personal!income!taxes,!and!the!government!provides!free!medical!services!and!free!education!through!the!university!level.!!The!Bruneian!Government!wants!to!diversify!its!economy!away!from!hydrocarbon!exports!to!other!industries!such!as!information!and!communications!technology!and!halal!manufacturing.!Brunei's!trade!in!2016!is!set!to!increase!following!its!regional!economic!integration!in!the!ASEAN!Economic!Community,!and!the!expected!ratification!of!the!Trans=Pacific!Partnership!trade!agreement.!As!for!religion!67%!of!the!population!is!Islamic,!13%!is!Buddhist,!and!10%!is!Christian.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I=!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!In!terms!of!demographic!trends!in!Brunei,!the!working!age!population!(aged!15!years!&!over)!was!310400.!The!labour!force!participation!rate!was!65.6!%..!Employment!totaled!189.5!thousand.The!unemployment!rate!was!6.9%.!First!of!all,!the!life!expectancy!in!Brunei!
considerably!increased!from!1960!to!2008.!In!other!words,!there!were!drastic!decreases!in!the!mortality!in!the!country.!More!precisely,!the!life!expectancy!in!1960!was!62.1!and!increased!to!77.3!in!2008.!These!figures!clearly!indicated!that!there!were!mortality!decline!from!1960!to!2008!in!Brunei.!Secondly,!the!total!fertility!rate!in!Brunei!decreased!from!1960!to!2008.!In!other!words,!as!the!country!become!wealthier,!the!number!of!children!per!women!in!the!country.!More!precisely,!the!total!fertility!rate!in!1960!was!6.92!and!decreased!to!2.08!in!2008.!These!figures!clearly!indicated!that!there!were!fertility!decline!from!1960!to!2008!in!Brunei.!Finally,!the!median!age!in!Brunei!considerably!increased!from!1991!to!2008.!In!other!words,!there!were!drastic!increases!in!the!median!age!in!the!country.!More!precisely,!the!median!age!in!1991!was!23.4!and!increased!to!26.8!in!2011.!These!figures!clearly!indicated!that!there!was!population!aging!from!1991!to!2011!in!Brunei.!In!short,!the!empirical!analysis!of!demographic!transition!in!Brunei!indicated!that!there!was!steady!advancement!in!the!population!aging!in!the!country.!However,!it!has!not!yet!become!serious!problem!and!the!population!is!still!relatively!young.!!In!addition,!Brunei!is!ranked!high!in!terms!of!its!migration!rates,!which!leads!to!an!overall!growth!in!population!of!about!1.6%!each!year,!which!is!quite!good!for!a!nation!that!currently!has!such!a!low!population!of!just!over!400,000.!!!!As!population!aging!continues!to!grow!within!Brunei,!eventually!the!demographic!will!potentially!become!problematic.!For!this!reason,!Brunei!would!be!open!to!enacting!a!resolution!that!calls!for!the!permission!for!nations!to!accept!younger!immigrants!while!denying!older!immigrants,!as!Brunei,!just!like!many!other!ASEAN!nations,!want!our!age!demographic!to!stop!increasing!and!to!remain!at!a!relatively!low!value.!!!Other!nations!that!Brunei!believes!will!be!open!to!such!a!resolution!would!be!Kazakhstan!and!Micronesia,!as!they!also!face!the!same!issue!of!an!increasing!aging!demographic.!For!this!reason!Brunei!believes!that!these!two!nations!would!also!greatly!support!the!passing!of!such!a!resolution!as!with!their!high!immigration!rates!similar!to!Brunei,!they!would!clearly!also!want!the!immigration!of!younger!people!as!they!also!will!want!to!decrease!the!value!of!their!page!population!demographic.!!!!Topic!II!=!Transnational!Crime!!There!are!no!known!indigenous!terrorist!organizations,!and!Brunei!is!not!a!known!base!of!support/sympathy!for!terrorists.!Due!to!its!close!proximity!to!Indonesia!and!the!southern!Philippines,!Brunei!faces!the!same!threat!of!transnational!crime!as!other!Western!countries;!however,!Brunei!does!not!often!see!such!crime=related!incidents!occur,!and!the!government!remains!proactive!in!ensuring!Brunei's!tranquility.!Although!crime!in!general!in!Brunei!is!relatively!low,!one!of!the!largest!threats!to!the!nation!that!is!apparent!is!drug!trafficking,!with!the!main!drugs!that!are!being!exported!are!methylamphetamine!and!cannabis!which!are!also!mainly!transported!transnationally!to!Indonesia!and!the!Philippines.!The!Narcotics!Control!Bureau!in!collaboration!with!other!local!law=enforcing!agencies!pledged!to!intensify!surveillance!on!illegal!drug=trafficking!in!bringing!down!the!number!of!drug=!smuggling!and!other!related!offences!in!the!country.!The!department!calls!
on!every!level!of!the!community!to!give!their!cooperation!in!ensuring!the!nation!is!free!from!illegal!drugs.!Brunei!is!aware!of!the!economic!and!social!impacts!that!such!transnational!crime!will!have!on!its!neighboring!nations!as!well,!which!is!why!it!is!continuously!implementing!new!laws!to!push!for!a!0%!drug!trafficking!rate.!!!Brunei!would!be!open!to!the!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!implementing!a!resolution!that!would!focus!on!border!control.!Brunei!strongly!believes!that!the!easiest!way!to!limit!transnational!crime!is!to!simply!preventing!criminals!from!leaving!the!nation!illegally!in!the!first!place.!To!be!more!specific,!Brunei!wants!ASEAN!to!pass!a!resolution!that!makes!border!control!a!dual=nation!policy!rather!than!an!individual!policy!for!each!bordering!nation.!Currently,!a!passerby!could!have!an!extremely!difficult!time!going!from!a!lenient!to!a!conservative!nation,!but!would!have!little!to!no!difficulty!returning!across!the!same!border.!This!makes!no!sense!to!Brunei!as!a!border!crossing!should!have!unified!terms!regardless!of!which!way!the!the!border!is!being!crossed,!and!for!this!reason,!would!look!favorably!upon!a!resolution!that!would!make!it!such!that!border!control!has!to!be!composed!of!the!same!policy!for!both!nations.!!!Brunei!believes!that!the!nations!that!would!be!most!open!to!complying!with!such!a!resolution!on!unified!border!policies!would!be!the!those!that!Brunei!has!the!most!transnational!crime!with:!Indonesia!and!the!Philippines.!Obviously,!since!these!nations!face!similar!issues!with!transnational!crime!as!the!activities!go!from!Brunei!to!their!nation,!Brunei!is!sure!they!would!support!a!resolution!that!would!secure!borders!as!much!as!possible,!even!if!that!means!they!will!have!to!alter!their!migration!policies!in!accordance!to!a!unified!policy.!!!Topic!III!=!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!In!Brunei,!the!urban!population!is!77.2%!of!the!nation's!entire!population.!However,!this!demographic!is!only!decreasing,!with!an!annual!change!of!=1.79%.!So!far,!unlike!in!various!Arab!nations,!there!has!not!been!any!popular!movement!pushing!for!political!liberalization.!This!has!been!mainly!due!to!the!generous!welfare!state,!which!provides!subsidized!food!and!housing,!free!education!up!to!the!university!level,!as!well!as!ample!employment!possibilities!in!the!public!sector.!Consequently,!the!risk!of!major!public!disenchantment!with!the!royal!family's!extravagant!lifestyle!or!the!unequal!distribution!of!wealth!is!minimal!and!we!do!not!expect!a!major!deterioration!in!the!coming!years.!Overall,!unlike!the!majority!of!nations!within!the!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations,!Brunei!is!quite!prosperous!in!its!wealth!distribution!throughout!the!classes,!even!though!the!top!exhibits!an!extremely!lavish!lifestyle.!!!Although!Brunei!is!unlike!the!majority!of!the!nations!in!ASEAN,!it!still!suffers!from!a!decline!in!urbanization!and!is!seeing!increasing!popularity!in!rural!lifestyle.!For!this!reason,!Brunei!believes!that!the!creation!of!an!organization!that!would!promote!urban!lifestyle!in!ASEAN!states!would!be!beneficial!as!if!there!is!an!increased!urban!demographic,!Brunei!is!certain!it!will!lead!to!a!better!resolution!to!the!issue!of!urban!income!inequality.!Brunei!believes!that!in!order!to!promote!an!urban!lifestyle,!the!resolution!should!demand!nations!
to!increase!the!accessibility!of!transportation!to!reach!these!cities!as!in!many!ASEAN!states,!the!lack!of!transportation!to!urban!cities!is!what!makes!them!so!inaccessible.!!!Brunei!is!certain!that!its!fellow!wealthier!counterparts!in!ASEAN!such!as!Singapore!would!also!be!strongly!in!favor!of!this!resolution.!This!is!mainly!due!to!the!fact!that!they!are!also!aware!of!the!importance!of!a!high!urban!demographic!in!a!nation!since!it!is!key!in!reducing!urban!inequality.!In!addition,!with!Singapore!being!such!a!clean!and!precise!nation,!they!have!great!accessibility!to!their!cities,!and!thus,!would!be!a!large!advocate!for!the!development!of!such!opportunities!in!less!wealthy!ASEAN!nations!as!well.!!!!Work!Cited:!!"Brunei!Population."!Brunei!Population!2015.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!20!Nov.!2015.!!"Brunei!:The!Health!System!=!AHO."!Brunei:The!Health!System!=!AHO.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!20!!Nov.!2015.!!Central!Intelligence!Agency.!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!n.d.!Web.!20!Nov.!2015.!!"Islam!in!Brunei:!A!Prominent!and!Globalizing!Force."!Islam!in!Brunei:!A!!Prominent!and!Globalizing!Force.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!20!Nov.!2015.!!"Countries!with!High!RHigh=Riskrs!for!HIV/AIDS!=!New!Zealand!Immigration!Service."!!!Countries!with!High!Risk!Factors!for!HIV/AIDS!=!New!Zealand!Immigration!Service.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!20!Nov.!2015.!!"Is!Climate!Change!Creating!More!Environmental!Refugees!than!War!in!Africa?"!=!News.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!20!Nov.!2015.!!"10!Frightening!Facts!About!Private!Military!Companies!=!Listverse."Listverse.!N.p.,!06!Jan.!2014.!Web.!20!Nov.!2015.!!
Name:!Maura!O'Keefe!Delegation:!New!Providence!High!School!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1Cambodia!!!Part!I!@!Country!Information!!Cambodia!is!a!country!located!in!Southeast!Asia.!It!shares!borders!with!southern!Laos,!south!eastern!Thailand,!and!western!Vietnam.!It!has!a!population!of!15!million.!As!one!of!the!poorest!nations!in!the!world!with!fighting!occurring!throughout!the!past!half!century!it!has!an!unstable!economy.!Tourism!serves!a!greater!contribution!to!their!economy!than!the!country!itself.!As!for!their!government,!it!is!considered!to!practice!a!market!economy!and!be!a!constitutional!monarchy!that!practices!democracy!but!as!of!recently!citizens!have!minimal!political/civil!freedom.!Cambodians!typically!behave!and!dress!conservatively.!Cambodia!is!a!part!of!the!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations,!along!with!the!World!Trade!Organization,!the!Asia!Pacific!Telecommunity,!and!the!International!Olympic!Committee,!among!others.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!In!terms!of!demographic!trends!in!Brunei,!the!working!age!population!(aged!15!years!&!over)!was!310400.!The!labour!force!participation!rate!was!65.6!%..!Employment!totaled!189.5!thousand.The!unemployment!rate!was!6.9%.!First!of!all,!the!life!expectancy!in!Brunei!considerably!increased!from!1960!to!2008.!In!other!words,!there!were!drastic!decreases!in!the!mortality!in!the!country.!More!precisely,!the!life!expectancy!in!1960!was!62.1!and!increased!to!77.3!in!2008.!These!figures!clearly!indicated!that!there!were!mortality!decline!from!1960!to!2008!in!Brunei.!Secondly,!the!total!fertility!rate!in!Brunei!decreased!from!1960!to!2008.!In!other!words,!as!the!country!become!wealthier,!the!number!of!children!per!women!in!the!country.!More!precisely,!the!total!fertility!rate!in!1960!was!6.92!and!decreased!to!2.08!in!2008.!These!figures!clearly!indicated!that!there!were!fertility!decline!from!1960!to!2008!in!Brunei.!Finally,!the!median!age!in!Brunei!considerably!increased!from!1991!to!2008.!In!other!words,!there!were!drastic!increases!in!the!median!age!in!the!country.!More!precisely,!the!median!age!in!1991!was!23.4!and!increased!to!26.8!in!2011.!These!figures!clearly!indicated!that!there!was!population!aging!from!1991!to!2011!in!Brunei.!In!short,!the!empirical!analysis!of!demographic!transition!in!Brunei!indicated!that!there!was!steady!advancement!in!the!population!aging!in!the!country.!However,!it!has!not!yet!become!serious!problem!and!the!population!is!still!relatively!young.!!In!addition,!Brunei!is!ranked!high!in!terms!of!its!migration!rates,!which!leads!to!an!overall!growth!in!population!of!about!1.6%!each!year,!which!is!quite!good!for!a!nation!that!currently!has!such!a!low!population!of!just!over!400,000.!!!!As!population!aging!continues!to!grow!within!Brunei,!eventually!the!demographic!will!potentially!become!problematic.!For!this!reason,!Brunei!would!be!open!to!enacting!a!
resolution!that!calls!for!the!permission!for!nations!to!accept!younger!immigrants!while!denying!older!immigrants,!as!Brunei,!just!like!many!other!ASEAN!nations,!want!our!age!demographic!to!stop!increasing!and!to!remain!at!a!relatively!low!value.!!!Other!nations!that!Brunei!believes!will!be!open!to!such!a!resolution!would!be!Kazakhstan!and!Micronesia,!as!they!also!face!the!same!issue!of!an!increasing!aging!demographic.!For!this!reason!Brunei!believes!that!these!two!nations!would!also!greatly!support!the!passing!of!such!a!resolution!as!with!their!high!immigration!rates!similar!to!Brunei,!they!would!clearly!also!want!the!immigration!of!younger!people!as!they!also!will!want!to!decrease!the!value!of!their!page!population!demographic.!!!!Topic!II!@!Transnational!Crime!!To!begin,!the!population!ratio!of!men!to!women!is!fairly!equal!with!there!being!slightly!higher!female!population!in!this!country.!This!has!no!significant!impact!on!the!country!but!can!be!assumed!as!a!cause!of!longer!female!life!expectancy.!Most!nations!are!aging!in!this!region!but!Cambodia!is!an!exception!to!this!statistic.!The!most!populated!age!range!is!15@19!years.!The!amount!of!34!year!olds!and!under!greatly!outnumbers!the!amount!of!35!year!olds!and!above.!This!could!be!due!to!Cambodia's!high!fertility!rates!which!is!the!opposite!of!what's!occurring!in!several!other!countries.!In!recent!years!it!has!experience!population!growth!of!about!1.4%!which!is!within!range!of!other!southeast!Asian!countries!with!the!exception!of!outliers.!Also!similar!to!other!ASEAN!members,!the!rate!of!population!increase!has!decreased!dramatically!since!the!1980's.!Much!of!Cambodias!migrant!population!is!actually!internal.!There!has!been!recent!increase!of!urbanization!in!this!country!so!many!people!are!migrating!from!their!rural!origins!to!the!new!cities!to!seek!job!opportunities!besides!agriculture.!International!migration!is!at!negative!percentages!because!people!are!leaving!Cambodia!and!no!one!is!voluntarily!coming!in.!This!external!migration!poses!as!an!issue!for!the!destined!countries.!Since!Cambodia!is!only!beginning!to!modernize!and!is!developmentally!behind!other!ASEAN!countries!its!government!does!not!yet!have!strong!opinions!on!international!concerns.!Together!as!a!union,!ASEAN!should!be!openly!accepting!of!migrants!as!we!are!all!human!and!economies!and!societies!will!eventually!adapt!to!population!adjustments.!This!would!avoid!conflict!and!tension!between!countries.!Continuing!on,!Cambodia!has!had!an!influx!forced!human!labor.!This!transnational!criminal!offense!is!most!likely!not!going!to!be!fixed!any!time!soon!due!to!poor!criminal!justice!system.!The!judiciary!branch!itself!has!been!committing!crimes!itself,!mostly!facing!issues!of!corruption.!Until!the!law!enforcers!start!to!obey!the!law!there!is!no!way!this!country!can!deal!with!its!issues.!So,!the!first!step!Cambodia!needs!to!take!to!deal!with!forced!labor!is!fixing!its!law!enforcement!system.!Cambodia!has!made!no!specific!actions!to!improve!or!remove!itself!from!ASEAN!and!despite!some!tensions!with!Thailand!is!moderately!willing!to!cooperate.!If!they!and!all!of!the!other!countries!would!agree!to!cooperate!well!with!one!another!and!create!a!community!they!would!see!great!benefits!but!they!must!first!surrender!their!national!pride!and!agree!to!work!with!the!region!rather!than!as!one!nation.!Finally,!urbanization!is!a!very!new!concept!to!Cambodia!relative!to!other!countries.!With!major!funding!from!china,!urban!areas!have!been!rapidly!growing.!The!country!is!still!mostly!agricultural,!as!cities!although!growing!fast!are!still!very!minimal.!The!majority!of!
people!living!in!cities!are!living!in!slums.!This!issue!will!most!likely!not!be!taken!care!of!until!urbanization!grows!a!significant!amount.!Vast!changes!will!continue!to!come!in!upcoming!years!in!this!country!regarding!and!as!a!result!of!urbanization.!This!time!will!most!likely!be!comparable!to!Americas!industrial!revolution!in!the!future.!Due!to!this!expected!change,!more!investments!like!China's!will!be!made!in!the!near!future.!!!Work!Cited:!!Youngblood@Coleman,!Denise.!"Country!Review:!Cambodia."!www.countrywatch.com.!CountryWatch.com,!2016.!Web.!20!November!2016.!Available!at!URL:!<http://www.countrywatch.com/Intelligence/CWTopic?Type=text&CountryID=30&Topic=SRMAT&Global=True>!!Maltoni,!Bruno.!"Migration!in!Cambodia:!Internal!vs.!External!Flows."!ARPMN!Conference!8!(n.d.):!1@26.!Web.!25!Nov.!2016.!<http://apmrn.anu.edu.au/conferences/8thAPMRNconference/7.Maltoni.pdf>.!!!
Name:!Stella!Billek!Delegation:!Westfield!High!School!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1China!!!Part!I!;!Country!Information!!The!People's!Republic!of!China!is!a!nation!located!in!Asia!with!a!population!of!1,373,541,278.!Its!capital!city!is!Beijing,!and!the!main!language!spoken!throughout!is!Standard!Chinese.!Since!the!late!1970s,!China!has!moved!from!a!closed,!centrally!planned!system!to!a!more!market;oriented!one!that!plays!a!major!global!role;!in!2010,!China!became!the!world's!largest!exporter.!In!recent!years,!China!has!renewed!its!support!for!state;owned!enterprises!in!sectors!considered!important!to!"economic!security,"!explicitly!looking!to!foster!globally!competitive!industries.!The!restructuring!of!the!economy!and!resulting!efficiency!gains!have!contributed!to!a!more!than!tenfold!increase!in!GDP!since!1978.China!in!2015!stood!as!the!largest!economy!in!the!world,!surpassing!the!US!in!2014!for!the!first!time!in!modern!history.!Still,!China's!per!capita!income!is!below!the!world!average.!As!of!2013,!China's!gross!national!product!is!16.08!trillion!PPP!dollars,!and!its!per!capita!income!is!11,850!PPP!dollars.!Additionally,!China!is!a!world!leader!in!gross!value!of!industrial!output;!mining!and!ore!processing,!iron,!steel,!aluminum,!and!other!metals,!coal;!machine!building;!armaments;!textiles!and!apparel;!petroleum;!cement;!chemicals;!fertilizers;!consumer!products!(including!footwear,!toys,!and!electronics);!food!processing;!transportation!equipment,!including!automobiles,!rail!cars!and!locomotives,!ships,!aircraft;!telecommunications!equipment,!commercial!space!launch!vehicles,!satellites.!Its!main!import!partners!include!South!Korea!10.9%,!US!9%,!Japan!8.9%,!Germany!5.5%,!Australia!4.1%!(2015)!while!its!main!export!partners!include!US!18%,!Hong!Kong!14.6%,!Japan!6%,!South!Korea!4.5%!(2015).!!!China's!leader!is!President!President!XI!Jinping,!since!March!2013.!It!is!a!communist!state.!TheChinese!democracy!movement,!social!activists,!and!some!members!of!the!Communist!Party!of!China!have!all!identified!the!need!for!social!and!political!reform.!While!economic!and!social!controls!have!been!significantly!relaxed!in!China!since!the!1970s,political!freedomis!still!tightly!restricted.!With!2.3million!active!troops,!the!People's!Liberation!Army!(PLA)!is!the!largest!standing!military!force!in!the!world,!commanded!by!theCentral!Military!Commission(CMC).!According!to!the!Chinese!government,!China's!military!budget!for!2014!totaled!US$132!billion,!constituting!theworld's!second;largest!military!budget.!As!a!recognizednuclear!weaponsstate,!China!is!considered!both!a!major!regional!military!power!and!apotential!military!superpower.!!!As!of!2013,!the!population!birth!rate!of!China!is!0.5%!annual!change,!the!average!fertility!rate!is!1.66!children!per!woman,!and!life!expectancy!is!74.20!years.!The!birth!rate!is!12.37!births/1,000!people!while!the!death!rate!is!7.16!deaths/1,000!people!as!of!2014.!!!!
Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I;!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Over!the!past!decade,!China!has!been!an!attractive!destination!for!global!corporations!due!to!its!low!wage!rates!and!labor!laws!that!disallow!independent!trade!unions!and!limit!the!right!to!strike.!Recently,!Chinese!industrial!workers!have!been!pushing!back,!demanding!better!wages,!hours!and!working!conditions.!Collective!action!by!Chinese!workers,!including!strikes,!has!been!successful!in!many!casesand!is!bringing!Chinese!employers!to!the!bargaining!table.!As!a!result,!China's!industrialworkers!are!fashioning!their!own!system!of!industrial!relations,!largely!without!the!assistance!of!the!existing!law!and!labor!relations!institutions.!But!China!does!not!yet!meet!international!labor!law!standards.!Workers!cannot!freely!choose!their!collective!bargaining!representatives!and!lack!laws!requiring!employers!to!collectively!bargain!with!employees.!Most!workers!in!China's!factories,!mines,!mills,!warehouses,!docks!and!transport!hubs!still!have!little!or!no!say!in!selecting!their!union!representatives,!and!no!means,!short!of!stopping!work,!to!bring!recalcitrant!employers!into!direct!negotiations!over!industrial!grievances.!!It!is!necessary!for!China!to!address!the!actions!by!Chinese!workers!regarding!strikes!that!have!to!do!with!wages!and!hours.!China!would!like!the!committee!to!address!these!problems,!an!believe!they!can!be!solved!through!the!creation!of!unions!to!protect!workers.!Additional!solutions!or!actions!that!could!be!taken!to!prevent!this!would!include!improving!working!conditions.!Much!of!these!problems!are!caused!through!the!form!of!government,!which!is!a!communist!state.!Because!the!people!are!working!for!the!country!of!China!directly,!anything!done!by!the!government!in!response!to!these!issues!would!directly!help!those!involved.!On!the!issue!of!overpopulation!in!China,!there!has!already!been!initiatives!taken.!The!Chinese!government!has!used!several!methods!to!control!population!growth.!In!1979,!China!started!the!"one!child!per!family!policy".!This!policy!stated!that!citizens!must!obtain!a!birth!certificate!before!the!birth!of!their!children.!The!citizens!would!be!offered!special!benefits!if!they!agreed!to!have!only!one!child.!Citizens!who!did!have!more!than!one!child!would!either!be!taxed!an!amount!up!to!fifty!percent!of!their!income,!or!punished!by!loss!of!employment!or!other!benefits.!However,!China!would!like!to!seek!addition!and!more!reasonable!ways!to!improve!the!population!issues!being!faced.!!With!regard!to!the!issues!of!labor!in!China,!other!countries!would!benefit!from!the!improved!standards!of!labor.!The!strikes!of!Chinese!workers!could!have!an!impact!on!trade!if!the!amount!of!work!decreases.!With!more!people!working!due!to!a!reform!in!wages!and!hours,!other!countries!would!benefit!due!to!the!supply!being!met!with!the!demand!of!the!trade!market!that!China!is!such!a!prominent!part!of.!!!!Topic!II!;!Transnational!Crime!!Women!and!children!from!neighboring!countries!including!Burma,!Vietnam,!Laos,!Mongolia,!Russia!and!North!Korea,!and!from!locations!as!far!as!Romania!and!Zimbabwe!are!trafficked!to!China!for!commercial!sexual!exploitation!and!forced!labor.!The!United!Nations!
Inter;Agency!Project!on!Human!Trafficking!reports!that!around!600,000!migrant!workers!leave!China!annually!to!work!overseas.!This!number!accounts!for!those!tracked!by!the!Ministry!of!Labor!and!Social!Security!and!does!not!include!those!who!leave!without!documents.!Perhaps!up!to!90%!of!the!migrant!workers!are!migrating!through!unregulated!and!uninformed!channels.!Theillegal!drug!trade!in!Chinais!influenced!by!factors!such!as!history,!location,!size,!population,!and!current!economic!conditions.!China's!large!land!mass,!close!proximity!to!theGolden!Triangle,Golden!Crescent,!and!numerous!coastal!cities!with!large!and!modern!port!facilities!make!it!an!attractive!transit!center!for!drug!traffickers.!China's!status!in!drug!trafficking!has!changed!significantly!since!the!1980s,!when!the!country!for!the!first!time!opened!its!borders!to!trade!and!tourism!after!40!years!of!relative!isolation.!As!trade!with!Southeast!Asia!and!elsewhere!increased,!so!did!the!flow!of!illicit!drugs!andprecursor!chemicalsfrom,!into,!and!through!China.!!!China!would!like!the!committee!to!find!a!solution!to!these!issues!as!they!are!so!prominent.!One!of!the!only!solutions!possible!would!include!an!increase!in!border!control!to!assure!that!crime!is!not!passing!through!countries.!Much!of!the!transcontinental!crime!in!China!is!not!documented!due!to!those!who!leave!the!country!illegally!to!commit!crimes!such!as!human!trafficking.!While!it!would!be!difficult!as!China!is!such!a!large!country,!increased!security!and!border!control!is!one!of!the!best!solutions.!!!The!implementation!of!tighter!security!to!oversee!transcontinental!crimes!leaving!and!coming!into!China!would!certainly!have!a!positive!impact!on!surrounding!countries.!If!there!is!less!international!crime!coming!in!and!out!of!China,!the!crimes!that!carry!out!into!surrounding!countries!would!decrease.!!!Topic!III!;!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Over!the!last!two!decades,!Chinese!cities!have!experienced!an!unprecedented!housing!privatization,!as!the!Chinese!government!has!sold!public!rental!housing!at!deeply!discounted!prices,!encouraged!developers!to!provide!new!private!housing!and!ended!public!housing!provisions.!House!prices!have!skyrocketed!in!cities,!with!the!national!average!house!price!increasing!by!250%!in!the!decade!between!2000!and!2010.!The!house!price;income!ratio!classifies!much!of!China!as!"severely!unaffordable".!In!big!cities!like!Beijing!and!Shanghai,!a!modest!apartment!can!cost!multiple!millions!of!Yuan!to!purchase,!and!thousands!of!yuan!to!rent,!making!housing!affordability!the!top!concern!of!most!low;!and!middle;!income!households.!!!China!is!already!on!the!rise!to!improve!this!issue.!The!government!has!set!to!increase!the!amount!of!affordable!housing!in!major!cities.!China's!population!growth!and!urbanization!has!driven!a!significant!portion!of!the!residential!construction!boom.!This!has!led!to!improvements!in!housing!conditions!for!urban!residents.!China!would!like!to!continue!these!efforts!to!further!improve!the!housing!reform!in!urban!areas.!!!It!is!not!certain!that!housing!reforms!with!regard!to!urban!development!would!have!a!large!impact!on!surrounding!countries.!It!is!possible!that!those!who!could!not!afford!
housing!may!have!emigrated!out!of!China!into!other!countries.!With!the!improvement!of!housing!and!making!it!more!affordable!in!cities,!this!probability!would!ultimately!continue!to!decrease.!!!Work!Cited:!!"China!vs!United!States!Crime!Stats!Compared."!NationMaster.com.!NationMaster,!n.d.!Web.!16!Nov.!2016.!!Man,!Joyce!Yanyun.!"China's!Housing!Reform!and!Outcomes."!LILP.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!16!Nov.!2016.!!"Population!Control!and!Consequences!in!China."!Population!Control!and!Consequences!in!!China.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!11!Nov.!2016.!!!
Name:!Michael!Rangel!Delegation:!St.!Joseph!High!School!Metuchen!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1India!!!Part!I!<!Country!Information!!Bordering!the!Arabian!Sea!and!the!Bay!of!Bengal,!the!Republic!of!India!is!squarely!located!in!South!Asia.!The!seventh!largest!country!in!the!world,!India!is!just!geographically!slightly!larger!than!one<third!the!size!of!the!United!States.!Placed!under!British!control!for!approximately!a!century,!India!had!gained!national!independence!thanks!to!the!works!of!leading!figures!such!as!Gandhi!and!Nehru.!India's!government!is!a!federal!parliamentary!republic,!which!somewhat!mimics!America's!governmental!institutions.!The!federal!government!consists!of!a!President!(the!chief!of!state),!a!Prime!Minister!(the!head!of!government),!and!a!bicameral!legislative!body:!the!Rajya!Sabha!(Council!of!States)!and!the!Lok!Sabha!(House!of!the!People).!According!to!the!recent!July!2016!census,!approximately!1,266,883,598!people!populate!India.!Hindi!is!the!primary!language!of!the!country,!spoken!by!about!41%!of!the!population.!In!terms!of!religious!beliefs,!about!79.8%!of!citizens!are!practicing!Hindus,!while!the!remaining!population!practice!religions!such!as!Islam,!Christianity,!and!Sikh.!The!GDP!of!India!is!$7.965!trillion,!and!has!been!growing!at!a!steady!rate!of!about!seven!percent!each!year.!India's!economy!is!partitioned!between!agriculture!and!global!services.!Traditional!village!farming!and!modern!agriculture!account!for!a!little!less!than!50%!of!India's!workforce.!The!remaining!workforce!specializes!in!information!technology!services,!business!outsourcing!assistance,!and!software!management.!India!additionally!exports!products!such!as!petroleum!commodities,!iron!and!steel,!and!apparel.!Furthermore,!the!nation!is!a!part!of!prestigious!international!societies!such!as!the!World!Trade!Organization!(WTO),!International!Monetary!Fund!(IMF),!and!the!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!(ASEAN),!a!subgroup!of!the!United!Nations!(UN)!global!organization.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I<!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!As!the!second!most<populated!country!in!the!world,!India's!citizens!are!confined!to!only!about!three!million!square!kilometers.!Being!restricted!to!this!adequately!sized<landmass,!India!thus!faces!many!overpopulation!issues!due!to!its!population!count!of!one!billion.!India's!birthrate!is!over!double!its!death!rate;!having!19.3!births!per!1,000!people,!as!opposed!to!having!7.3!deaths!per!1,000!people.!Overpopulation!is!additionally!caused!by!the!fertility!rate!of!impoverished!families.!The!belief!of!"the!more!the!better"!pushed!Indian!families!to!produce!more!children!that!will!earn!an!income!for!the!family.!India!has!501.8!million!of!its!people!involved!in!the!labor!force,!being!the!second!largest!country!with!an!employed!workforce,!only!next!to!China.!With!its!immense!population!however,!India!still!has!8.4%!of!its!citizens!still!being!unemployed.!Insanitation!and!the!ease!of!contracting!
diseases!also!run!ramped.!Not!being!able!to!provide!adequate!resources!for!all!one!billion!of!its!people,!diseases!such!as!bacterial!diarrhea,!Hepatitis!A!and!E,!and!typhoid!fever!have!a!very!high!degree!of!influence.!India's!sanitation!facilities!remain!unimproved!for!about!60.4%!of!its!population!in!2015.!With!the!explosion!of!births!all!throughout!the!country,!there!is!a!43.9%!dependency!ratio!for!the!youth.!India!has!a!net!migration!factor!of!0!migrants,!so!migration!troubles!are!not!necessarily!an!issue.!!!!In!order!to!account!for!India's!increasingly!growing!population,!the!country!needs!more!avenues!that!will!ensure!the!distribution!of!adequate!living!resources.!India!advocates!for!the!use!of!global!aid!in!terms!of!gaining!and!disseminating!suitable!supplies.!In!order!to!combat!the!country's!unemployment,!India!needs!to!find!ways!to!educate!and!train!its!citizens!capable!of!holding!jobs.!If!this!solution!is!reached,!the!income!earned!by!families!will!increase,!and!thus!potentially!slow!the!birth!rate!and!bring!the!population!to!a!manageable!level.!India!also!looks!for!ways!to!bring!down!the!severity!of!contracting!diseases.!Amongst!all!of!the!animosity!in!the!Middle!East!and!Asian!geographical!regions,!India!looks!for!ways!that!countries!can!readily!supply!each!other!with!medications!and!vaccinations.!Overall,!India!is!seeking!resolutions!that!help!combat!insanitation!and!overpopulation<related!issues.!!!!!India!looks!to!work!with!allies!that!also!share!internal!problems!within!its!population!and!demographics.!Countries!like!the!Philippines!and!Indonesia,!who!have!high!percentages!of!their!respective!populations!without!sanitary!facilities,!are!nations!that!India!hopes!to!unite!with!and!resolve!their!communal!problems!together.!With!the!help!of!other!developed!countries!in!ASEAN,!India!looks!to!work!with!any!nation!willing!to!help!provide!relief!to!the!growing!population!problems!that!face!the!nation.!!!!Topic!II!<!Transnational!Crime!!The!Middle<Eastern!and!Southern!Asian!regions!of!the!world!are!infamously!known!to!host!geographical!disputes!amongst!the!nearby!countries.!Pakistan,!a!nation!where!tensions!run!high,!have!historically!and!currently!house!border!disputes!with!India.!For!example,!three!counties!have!claimed!Kashmir,!an!area!north!of!India,!for!themselves:!Pakistan,!India,!and!China.!Although!bilateral!dialogues!between!India!and!Pakistan!have!been!restored!in!February!2011,!the!countries!still!have!border!disputes!over!the!Sir!Creek!estuary!and!some!parts!of!the!Indus!River.!India!additionally!has!political!disputes!with!Nepal,!contesting!control!over!the!Kalapani!River!and!strictly!managing!illegal!border<crossing!activities!from!Nepal.!India!also!supports!the!cultivation!and!use!of!opium!within!its!borders.!Its!purpose!is!to!serve!the!pharmaceutical!industry.!However,!opium!has!managed!to!slip!into!the!illegal!drug!trafficking!market,!which!eventually!finds!its!way!spread!out!amongst!all!of!Asia.!!!!It!can!be!duly!noted!that!India!has!many!issues!and!disputes!over!geographical!and!territorial!claims!in!some!parts!of!the!world.!These!disputes!fail!to!be!resolved,!often!due!to!misunderstandings!and!the!participating!countries!each!feeling!equally!entitled!to!the!land!and!sea!masses.!The!only!way!that!will!effectively!end!these!international!conflicts!is!for!
India!to!break!away!from!the!"ASEAN!way"!and!work!with!other!nations!as!a!global!community.!In!order!to!prevent!further!conflict!and!speculation,!India!is!calling!for!the!ASEAN!committee!to!integrate!transnational!societies!that!will!maintain!peace!in!the!disputed!areas,!while!additionally!holding!more!summits!that!will!allow!friendly!and!peaceful!communication!between!the!countries.!India!is!also!calling!upon!the!ASEAN!committee!to!develop!ways!in!which!illegal!transnational!drug!trafficking!can!be!put!to!an!end,!either!through!military!or!diplomatic!means.!!!Countries!that!also!have!their!own!territorial!disputes,!such!as!Vietnam!and!Cambodia,!can!indeed!sympathize!with!India!and!its!own!geography<related!issues.!India!hopes!to!work!with!countries!that!understand!its!concerns,!and!wants!to!work!with!the!ASEAN!nations!towards!a!peaceful!agreement.!India!also!wants!to!work!with!nations!that!share!its!concerns!over!illegal!drug!trafficking!within!their!respective!countries'!borders.!Nations!like!Thailand!and!China,!which!have!also!become!channels!and!avenues!for!the!illegal!drugs!to!flow,!are!extremely!encouraged!by!India!to!work!the!country!towards!a!resolution.!!!Topic!III!<!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Due!to!India's!considerable!population!size,!slums!and!lack!of!urban!development!are!prominent!throughout!the!whole!country.!Mumbai!is!infamously!known!to!contain!various!slums,!with!62%!of!the!city's!population!living!in!the!ghettos.!The!slums!of!Mumbai,!and!all!across!India,!contain!narrow!alleys,!open!sewers,!and!trash<ridden!streets.!These!impoverished!neighborhoods!have!contaminated!water!sources,!crowded!living!spaces,!and!communal!bathrooms,!which!are!often!unsanitary!and!unhygienic.!The!Indian!government!does!indeed!have!trouble!with!handling!the!poverty!issue.!The!national!censuses!conducted!go!so!far!as!to!classify!its!slums!as!notified,!recognized,!or!identified,!leaving!a!third!of!the!slum!population!unrecognized.!India!only!spends!about!3.8%!of!its!GDP!on!education,!demonstrating!how!little!the!federal!government!is!able!to!bring!its!population!to!a!higher!level!of!learning!and!living.!!According!to!the!McKinsey!Global!Institute!(MGI),!India!can!reap!numerous!benefits!if!the!country!works!towards!urbanization.!By!2030,!India's!urban!population!can!rise!to!590!million!people,!in!which!India!could!then!invest!in.!Many!new!markets!in!cities,!such!as!infrastructure,!transportation,!education,!and!recreation,!could!employ!the!more!of!the!population!and!thus!increase!India's!GDP.!The!increase!in!urbanization!could!also!potentially!make!the!distribution!of!basic!necessities!more!acquirable,!since!concentrated!areas!are!much!easier!to!reach!than!sparsely!populated!regions.!In!order!to!meet!these!goals!however,!India!looks!to!the!ASEAN!committee!for!mutual!assistance.!India!proposes!the!idea!of!transnational!organizations!that!help!aid!countries,!like!India,!who!need!monetization!in!order!galvanize!social!reform.!!India!looks!to!unite!with!other!countries!who!also!face!similar!issues!with!poverty!and!the!lack!of!urbanization.!Countries!with!large!populations!and!impoverished!cities,!such!as!China,!Thailand,!and!Indonesia,!are!encouraged!to!work!with!India!towards!a!common!goal.!Any!other!countries!that!may!not!face!such!problems,!but!able!to!provide!monetary!or!
material!aid,!are!also!being!called!upon!by!India!to!help!these!countries.!It!is!up!to!the!ASEAN!community!to!work!together!and!develop!resolutions!that!benefit!the!entire!committee.!!!!Work!Cited:!!Binsky,!Drew.!"A!Look!Inside!Dharavi!<!The!Biggest!Slum!in!the!World!(Mumbai)."!www.thehungrypartier.com.!The!Hungry!Partier,!12!April!2015.!Web.!26!November!2016.!!!<http://thehungrypartier.com/a<look<inside<dharavi<the<biggest<slum<in<the<world<mumbai/>!!Hays,!Jeffrey.!"Opium!Use!in!India."!www.factsanddetails.com.!Facts!and!Detials,!June!2015.!Web.!26!November!2016.!<http://factsanddetails.com/india/People_and_Life/sub7_3h/entry<4186.html>!!"IMF!Country!Information."!www.imf.org.!The!International!Monetary!Fund,!2015.!Web.!25!November!2016.!<http://www.imf.org/external/country/index.htm#I>!!"Indian!Parliament."!india.gov.in.!The!National!Portal!of!India,!13!January!2016.!Web.!25!!November!2016.!<https://india.gov.in/my<government/indian<parliament>!!Phukan,!Rumani!Saikia.!"Overpopulation!in!India!<!Causes,!Effects,!Stats,!and!How!to!Control!It?"!www.mapsofindia.com.!Maps!of!India,!31!July!2014.!Web.!26!November!2016.!!!<http://www.mapsofindia.com/my<india/india/overpopulation<in<india<causes<effects<and<how<to<control<it>!!Sinha,!Kirti.!"16!Heartbreaking!Facts!about!Life!In!Indian!Slums."!www.topyaps.com.!Top!Yaps,!2014.!Web.!26!November!2016.<http://topyaps.com/n<heartbreaking<facts<about<life<in<indian<slums>"The!Slums!of!Asia."!www.asiasociety.org.!The!Asia!Society,!2016.!Web.!26!November!2016.<http://asiasociety.org/slums<asia>!!"The!World!Factbook!<!South!Asia:!India."!www.cia.gov.!The!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!2016.!Web.!25!November!2016.<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the<world<factbook/geos/in.html>!!"Understanding!the!WTO:!The!Organization!<!Members!and!Observers."!www.wto.org.!The!World!Trade!Organization,!2016.!Web.!25!November!2016.!<https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/org6_e.htm>!!!!
Name:!Naomi!Doshi!Delegation:!Monroe!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1Indonesia!!!!Part!I!7!Country!Information!!Indonesia!has!a!population!of!258,316,051!people.!Its!official!language!is!Bahasa!Indonesian,!though!some!700!languages!are!spoken!in!the!country.!It!is!the!world's!largest!island!nation!and!has!17,508!islands,!of!which!some!6,000!are!inhabited.!It!is!located!between!the!Indian!and!Pacific!Oceans!and!is!near!Papua!New!Guinea,!East!Timor,!Malaysia,!Singapore,!the!Philippines,!and!Australia.!Indonesia!has!the!fifth!largest!population!in!the!world,!and!almost!half!of!the!country's!population!inhabits!Java,!the!island!where!the!capital,!Jakarta,!is!located.!It!has!hundreds!of!ethnic!groups,!the!largest!of!which!is!the!Javanese.!Indonesia!is!the!most!populous!Muslim7majority!nation,!and!87.2%!of!the!country!is!Muslim.!The!country!is!defined!for!its!diverse!population,!and!its!motto!is!"Bhinneka!Tunggal!Ika"!(many!in!one).!11.3%!of!the!population!lives!below!the!poverty!line.!Indonesia!is!an!emerging!market!and!its!most!important!trading!partners!are!Japan,!America,!China,!Singapore,!India,!Malaysia,!and!Australia.!Indonesia!has!the!largest!economy!in!ASEAN.!It!was!one!of!only!three!G20!member!nations!that!posted!growth!during!the!global!financial!crisis.!Its!major!exports!are!mineral!fuels,!animal!and!vegetable!fats,!electrical!machinery,!and!rubber.!After!the!Amazon,!is!the!most!heavily!forested!region!and!has!abundant!oil,!natural!gas,!tin,!copper,!and!gold!resources.!!Indonesia!is!a!presidential!republic!with!a!bicameral!People's!Consultative!Assembly!consisting!of!the!Regional!Representative!Council!and!House!of!Representatives.!Its!highest!court!is!the!Supreme!Court!and!President!Joko!Widodo!leads!the!government.!An!absolute!majority!popular!vote!elects!the!president!to!a!five7year!term.!The!nation's!currency!is!the!Indonesian!Rupiah!and!the!GDP!per!capita!in!2015!was!$11,100.!It!was!a!founding!member!of!ASEAN,!the!Non7Aligned!Movement,!the!Asia7Pacific!Economic!Cooperation,!and!Organization!of!Islamic!Cooperation.!It!is!a!member!of!G20,!OPEC,!and!the!WTO.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I7!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Indonesia!is!the!fifth!most!populous!country!in!the!world,!with!a!population!growth!rate!of!0.89%.!42.35%!of!its!population!is!aged!25754!years,!and!6.79%!of!its!population!is!aged!over!65!years.!Indonesia!has!the!largest!GDP!in!the!region,!but!its!GDP!per!capita!is!only!$11,100.!Indonesia!has!a!fertility!rate!of!2.13!children/woman,!with!a!contraceptive!prevalence!rate!of!61.9%!and!life!expectancy!of!72.7!years.!Indonesia!has!a!purchasing!power!index!of!27.96,!and!a!quality!of!life!index!of!59.16.!Both!of!these!are!considered!low.!!
There!is!a!large!surplus!of!Indonesian!workforces!due!to!the!large!population!and!scarcity!of!jobs!at!home.!Approximately!7.5!million!Indonesians!work!abroad,!most!of!whom!are!unskilled.!Approximately!70%!of!Indonesian!migrant!workers!are!women.!Most!migrant!workers!are!employed!in!the!domestic!sector!and!are!aged!between!18!and!35!years.!Malaysia,!Taiwan,!Saudi!Arabia,!Hong!Kong,!and!Singapore!employ!the!most!Indonesian!migrant!workers.!Indonesian!migrant!workers!face!exploitation,!extortion,!abuse,!and!human!trafficking.!Migrant!workers!are!subjected!to!excessive!debt,!non7payment!of!wages,!poor!and!misleading!working!conditions,!and!extreme!physical!abuse.!Many!of!these!cases!come!from!Saudi!Arabia!and!the!Middle!East,!where!workers!are!sometimes!executed.!Despite!these!conditions,!Indonesians!continue!to!seek!work!in!other!countries!because!of!the!extreme!poverty!they!face!in!their!own!home.!A!particularly!prevalent!problem!is!the!"live7in!law"!of!Singapore,!where!domestic!workers!must!live!in!their!employers'!residences.!This!subjects!workers!to!being!overworked,!and!they!are!often!under!two7year!contracts.!Workers!are!also!not!legally!allowed!to!work!at!more!than!one!residence.!!Many!of!these!problems!originate!before!workers!leave!home.!Many!are!misled!about!wages,!working!conditions,!rights,!or!recruitment!fees!and!there!are!transparency!issues!with!private!recruitment!firms.!In!recent!years,!Indonesia!has!attempted!to!regulate!recruitment!and!enacted!processes!for!migrant!workers!to!obtain!redress!for!foreign!errs.!In!2013,!Indonesia!banned!citizens!from!working!as!domestic!helpers!in!21!countries,!including!Qatar,!Saudi!Arabia,!and!Kuwait.!However,!these!processes!are!not!easy!for!migrant!workers,!and!redress!mechanism!are!unsatisfactory!and!inaccessible.!Indonesia's!judicial!system!and!legislative!system!is!ineffective!in!alleviating!worker!complaints.!To!address!these!problems,!Indonesia!looks!to!improve!migrant!worker!insurance,!which!all!workers!are!required!to!obtain!in!order!to!migrate!abroad.!Compensation!is!rarely!effective!and!worker!are!not!given!adequate!information,!and!Indonesia!looks!to!reform!these!problems!by!making!claim!processes!easier,!making!redress!mechanisms!more!effective,!and!improving!legislative!and!judicial!action.!Worker's!rights!NGO!Migrant!Care!has!lobbied!widely!in!Indonesia!to!improve!conditions!for!migrant!workers.!!!!Topic!II!7!Transnational!Crime!!Indonesia!faces!high!levels!of!transnational!crime!and!lacks!the!resources!to!combat!these!issues.!The!most!prevalent!problems!in!Indonesia!are!dug!(cannabis!and!methamphetamine)!trafficking,!forced!labor,!and!sexual!slavery.!President!Widodo!has!established!a!war!on!drugs,!leading!to!increases!in!death!sentences!and!executions.!The!government!is!combating!transnational!organized!crime!and!illicit!trafficking!by!ratifying!international!legislation,!increasing!the!capacity!of!institutional!agencies,!increasing!training!of!special!units!that!combat!transnational!crime,!and!prosecuting!criminals.!Though!the!country!has!made!progress!in!these!ways,!Indonesia!still!faces!these!issues!because!of!its!remote!and!hard7to7control!lands!that!are!used!as!entry/exit!points!by!trafficking!and!migrant7smuggling!criminals.!Law!enforcement!and!Navy!authorities!that!monitor!these!areas!lack!training.!Trafficking!in!persons!and!smuggling!of!migrants!is!prevalent!in!Indonesia,!where!women!are!trafficked!for!forced!labor!and!sexual!slavery.!Cannabis!and!amphetamine!trafficking!is!increasing;!in!2009,!82%!of!South!East!Asian!
cannabis!seizures!were!seized!in!Indonesia,!methamphetamine!arrests!tripled!between!2006!and!2009,!and!manufacturing!of!drugs!has!increased!as!well.!Another!major!problem!is!forestry!and!logging!trafficking.!Indonesia!is!heavily!forested,!but!its!forests!are!disappearing!alarmingly!fast!due!to!logging,!forest!conversion!to!agriculture!and!industrial!crops,!mining,!forest!fires,!and!road!construction!that!prevail!because!of!ineffective!management!and!law!enforcement.!Because!Indonesia's!forests!are!disappearing!at!the!fastest!rate!in!the!world,!it!is!the!third!largest!carbon!emitter!in!the!world.!The!undocumented!forestry!output!causes!around!3!billion!US!dollars!of!annual!economic!loss,!and!rural!communities!that!rely!on!natural!resources!are!exposed!to!poverty!and!lured!to!criminal!groups!for!the!monetary!gains!associated!with!forest!exploitation.!Indonesia!is!a!hub!for!transnational!organized!crime!groups!from!West!Africa,!China,!and!Iran.!Moreover,!Indonesian!prisons!face!overcrowding!and!children!within!the!criminal!justice!system!are!disenfranchised.!Law!enforcement!is!inadequate!due!to!underfunding!and!inadequate!salaries!for!prosecutors,!police,!and!judiciary!officials.!!To!combat!transnational!crime!problems,!UNODC!Indonesia!and!the!government!are!looking!to!improve!the!justice!system!and!domestic!legislation,!ratify!international!instruments,!and!increase!law!enforcement!authorities'!ability!to!investigate!and!prosecute!crimes.!Indonesia!looks!to!other!nations!for!international!conventions!and!instruments!as!well!as!technical!help!and!training.!Furthermore,!Indonesia!looks!to!alleviate!the!transnational!issues!faced!by!the!region!by!creating!a!uniform!legal!language!among!its!neighboring!countries.!!!Topic!III!7!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Indonesia!has!an!urban!employment!level!of!72%.!Indonesia's!cities!are!growing!at!4.1%!per!year!(faster!than!other!Asian!countries),!and!the!amount!of!urban!land!increases!1.1%!each!year!(second!only!to!China).!In!nine!years,!68%!of!its!population!will!live!in!cities.!Nearly!70%!of!the!urban!population!lives!on!Java.!Urbanization!has!the!potential!to!boost!economic!growth!and!labor!productivity.!However,!Indonesia!only!has!a!4%!GDP!per!capita!growth!for!every!1%!of!urbanization.!This!is!extremely!low!compared!to!other!countries!in!the!nation!(India!has!13%!growth,!China!has!10%,!and!Thailand!has!7%).!There!is!an!insufficient!supply!of!basic!services,!mass!transit,!and!local!government!coordination!to!meet!the!demands!of!the!highly!dense!population.!Public!buses!and!other!transportation!are!often!filled!within!every!inch,!and!lines!to!board!these!buses!become!unruly!and!chaotic!as!people!fight!for!space.!Urban!workers!face!long!commutes,!and!congestion!costs!Jakarta!$3!billion.!In!cities,!there!is!a!socio7economic!dualism!between!village!and!modern!societies!that!exist!in!the!same!urban!area.!More!than!28!million!live!below!the!poverty!line!and!25!million!live!in!slums,!and!families,!not!private!or!public!developers,!build!almost!70%!of!low7income!housing.!Many!slum!residents!live!on!less!than!$2!per!day!and!spend!half!of!that!on!clean!drinking!water.!Moreover,!pollution!and!disaster!risks!arise!from!insufficient!infrastructure!investment!that!also!leads!to!impoverished!communities.!Sewerage!coverage!is!only!in!11.2%!of!Indonesia's!cities,!and!only!2%!of!urban!residents!can!access!centralized!sanitation!systems.!Only!48%!of!households!have!access!to!safe!water,!which!is!a!decrease!
from!the!50%!rate!ten!years!ago.!Poor!sanitation!costs!the!country!$6.3!billion!annually!(2.3%!of!its!GDP)!and!has!led!to!large!numbers!of!premature!deaths.!!Furthermore,!there!is!income!disparity!in!Indonesia.!Indonesia's!economic!growth!over!the!last!15!years!has!disproportionately!benefitted!the!richest!20%!of!the!population.!In!2013,!the!Gini!Coefficient!was!41.!The!inequality!stems!from!inequality!of!opportunity!from!birth,!inequality!in!the!labor!market!where!unskilled!workers!are!stuck!in!low7wage!and!low7productivity!jobs,!high!wealth!concentration,!and!unequal!resistance!to!shocks!that!hurt!poor!households.!The!government!created!the!Medium!Term!Development!Plan!with!an!aim!of!reducing!the!Gini!Coefficient!to!36!by!2019.!To!do!so,!Indonesia!must!take!steps!to!improve!service!delivery,!social!protection!programs!(conditional!cash!transfers,!education!subsidies),!training!and!job!opportunities,!shock!protection,!allocation!of!government!spending,!and!the!tax!system.!These!improvements!can!lead!to!better!health,!education,!and!family!planning!opportunities.!The!public!supports!social!protection!policies!that!directly!help!the!poor.!!To!best!take!advantage!of!Indonesia's!rapid!urbanization!and!to!alleviate!many!of!its!problems,!Indonesia!would!benefit!from!investing!in!urban!infrastructure!and!public!transport!and!improving!skilled!labor.!This!would!help!the!economy,!decrease!congestion,!and!help!individual!workers.!National!urban!development!and!urbanization!policies!could!help!address!balanced!development!(especially!in!eastern!Indonesia),!urban!environmental!sustainability,!livability,!poverty,!and!urban!governance.!In!the!late!200s,!the!government!established!a!national!spatial!development!plan!that!was!ineffective!in!balancing!development!because!it!did!not!integrate!with!investment!and!infrastructure!plans.!The!government!created!national!and!regional!coordinating!boards!for!spatial!development!planning,!too,!but!these!boards!are!undermined!by!investment!and!infrastructure!policies!that!do!not!intend!to!address!the!disparity!between!urban!and!regional!development.!The!Indonesia!Sustainable!Urbanization!Multi7Donor!Trust!Find!will!help!take!full!advantage!of!urbanization!through!shared!international!experiences,!technical!help,!and!financing!solutions.!Natural!disaster!relief!and!preparation!as!well!as!housing!microloans!will!help!solve!housing!poverty.!Together!with!the!World!Bank!and!other!banks,!the!government!announced!the!National!Slum!Upgrading!Program!in!2016.!The!five7year!program!revolves!around!billions!of!dollars!of!financing!to!improve!infrastructure!in!slum!areas.!According!to!the!Jakarta!Post,!in!2016!the!government!set!a!"100707100"!target!for!2019!in!which!the!country!will!have!100%!access!to!water!and!sanitation!along!with!0!slums.!!!Work!Cited:!!Aceh,!Banda.!"Indonesia!Must!Address!Transnational!Crimes:!UNODC."!The!Jakarta!Post.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/10/29/indonesia7must7address7transnational7crimes7unodc.html>.!!
Axelrod,!Michael!Malay!and!Nicolas.!"Indonesia's!Migrant!Workers:!Dreams!and!Tears."!The!Diplomat.!The!Diplomat,!18!Mar.!2015.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://thediplomat.com/2015/03/indonesias7migrant7workers7dreams7and7tears/>.!!Coca,!Nithin.!"A!Slow!Road!to!End!Abuse!of!Indonesia's!Migrant!Workers."!Southeast!Asia!Globe!Magazine.!N.p.,!20!Oct.!2016.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://sea7globe.com/19589727migrant7workers7indonesia/>.!!"Indonesia!7!Population."!Indonesia!7!Population.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://countrystudies.us/indonesia/32.htm>.!!"Indonesia."!Habitat!for!Humanity!GB.!N.p.,!02!Aug.!2016.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<https://www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk/what7we7do/where7we7work/asia7and7pacific/indonesia>.!!"Indonesia:!Improving!Infrastructure!for!Millions!of!Urban!Poor."!World!Bank.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press7release/2016/07/12/indonesia7improving7infrastructure7for7millions7of7urban7poor>.!!"Indonesia!Sets!Ambitious!Zero!Slum!Target!by!2019."!The!Jakarta!Post.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/07/20/indonesia7sets7ambitious7zero7slum7target7by72019.html>.!!"Indonesia's!Rising!Divide."!World!Bank.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/12/08/indonesia7rising7divide>.!!"Indonesia's!Urban!Story."!World!Bank.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2016/06/14/indonesia7urban7story>.!!"Jakarta's!Slums!Struggle!with!Sanitation."!IRIN.!N.p.,!22!Apr.!2016.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.irinnews.org/news/2010/04/16/jakartas7slums7struggle7sanitation>.!!Jakpost.!"Govt!Urged!to!Protect!Rights!of!Indonesian!Migrant!Workers."!The!Jakarta!Post.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2016/05/01/govt7urged7to7protect7rights7of7indonesian7migrant7workers.html>.!!"The!Need!for!a!National!Urban!Development!Policy!in!Indonesia."!The!Jakarta!Post.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/09/20/the7need7a7national7urban7development7policy7indonesia.html>.!!"Protecting!Migrant!Workers'!Rights!Starts!at!Home."!Open!Society!Foundations.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/indonesian7migrant7workers7problems7start7home>.!!
"Protecting!Migrant!Workers'!Rights!Starts!at!Home."!Open!Society!Foundations.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/indonesian7migrant7workers7problems7start7home>.!!"Quality!of!Life!in!Indonesia."!Cost!of!Living.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<https://www.numbeo.com/quality7of7life/country_result.jsp?country=Indonesia>.!!"United!Nations!Office!on!Drugs!and!Crime."!Indonesia:!Counter!Transnational!Organized!Crime!and!Illicit!Trafficking.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<https://www.unodc.org/indonesia/en/issues/counter7transnational7organized7crime7and7illicit7trafficking.html>.!!"United!Nations!Office!on!Drugs!and!Crime."!Trafficking!and!Organized!Crime!7!UNODC!Indonesia!Office.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.unodc.org/southeastasiaandpacific/en/indonesia/trafficking7organized7crime.html>.!!Whiteman,!Hilary.!"Indonesia!to!Ban!Domestic!Workers!in!21!Countries."!CNN.!Cable!News!Network,!n.d.!Web.!18!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/06/asia/indonesia7migrant7worker7ban/>.!!
Name:!Kyle!Burton!Delegation:!Scotch!Plains!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1Japan!!!!Part!I!9!Country!Information!!Japan!is!a!nation!in!Asia!that!has!a!population!of!around!127,110,047!people.!Its!capital!city!is!Tokyo!and!the!language!spoken!by!most!of!its!residents!is!Japanese.!Some!other!languages!spoken!in!Japan!are!Aynu!Itak,!Amani,!Kikai,!Kunigami,!Miyako,!Okinawan,!Ryukyuan!languages,!Okinoerabu,!Tokunoshima,!Yaeyama,!Yonaguni,!and!Yoron.!Japan!is!a!unitary!parliamentary!constitutional!monarchy!with!universal!suffrage!with!Akihito!as!their!emperor!and!Shinzo!Abe!as!their!Prime!Minister.!Its!GDP!is!4.901!trillion,!which!is!fourth!place!in!the!world,!and!its!GDP!real!growth!rate!is!$38,731!which!is!the!29th!best!in!the!world.!Some!of!its!key!natural!resources!are!fish,!coal,!liquified!natural!gas,!and!oil.!Service!is!75%!of!the!GDP,!industry!is!24%!of!the!GDP!and!Agriculture!is!1.4%!of!the!GDP.!Japan's!biggest!trading!partners!are!in!order;China,!the!United!States,!South!Korea,!Taiwan,!and!Australia.!It!is!a!member!of!many!international!organizations!including!the!UN,!IMF,!OECD,!GATT,!the!World!Bank,!the!Asian!Development!Bank,!G8,!APEC,!and!finally,!ASEAN.!Japan!has!a!literacy!rate!of!99%!and!100%!of!the!population!has!access!to!a!safe!water!source.!The!main!infectious!diseases!in!Japan!are!tuberculosis,!malaria,!and!HIV/AIDS,!and!Japan!spends!3%!of!its!yearly!income!on!education,!which!is!138th!in!the!world.!51.82%!of!Jaoanese!citizens!are!Folk!Shinto,!34.9%!are!Buddhist,!4%!are!Shinto!organizations,!2.3%!are!Christianity,!and!6.98%!are!no!answer.!Japan's!life!expectancy!is!83.5!years,!which!is!the!second!best!in!the!world,!and!its!death!rate!is!9.6!out!of!1000!people!peryear,!which!is!52nd!in!the!world.!Finally,!Japan's!birth!rate!is!7.8!out!of!1000!people!per!year,!which!is!224th!in!the!world.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I9!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Japan!is!a!nation!in!Asia!that!has!a!population!of!around!127,110,047!people.!Its!GDP!is!4.901!trillion,!which!is!fourth!place!in!the!world,!and!its!GDP!real!growth!rate!is!$38,731!which!is!the!29th!best!in!the!world.!Some!of!its!key!natural!resources!are!fish,!coal,!liquified!natural!gas,!and!oil.!Service!is!75%!of!the!GDP,!industry!is!24%!of!the!GDP!and!Agriculture!is!1.4%!of!the!GDP.!Japan!has!a!literacy!rate!of!99%!and!100%!of!the!population!has!access!to!a!safe!water!source.!51.82%!of!Japanese!citizens!are!Folk!Shinto,!34.9%!are!Buddhist,!4%!are!Shinto!organizations,!2.3%!are!Christianity,!and!6.98%!are!no!answer.!Japan's!life!expectancy!is!83.5!years,!which!is!the!second!best!in!the!world,!and!its!death!rate!is!9.6!out!of!1000!people!peryear,!which!is!52nd!in!the!world.!Finally,!Japan's!birth!rate!is!7.8!out!of!1000!people!per!year,!which!is!224th!in!the!world.!Japan!is!a!very!rich!nation,!with!many!jobs!and!low!unemployment.!However,!the!population!in!Japan!is!shrinking,!with!its!very!
low!birth!rate!and!many!old!people.Japan!is!also!a!very!homogeneous!nation!with!its!labor!force.!!!!Topic!II!9!Transnational!Crime!!Japan!has!a!moderatelevel!of!criminal!justice!and!moderateresources!to!combat!crime.!Japan!has!one!of!the!lowest!crime!rates!in!the!world,!though!this!might!be!due!to!local!police!forces!discouraging!autopsies!that!might!reveal!higher!homicide!rates.!Doctors!are!often!pressured!to!attribute!natural!deaths!to!health!reasons,!usually!heart!failure.!Japan!has!one!of!the!largest!known!gangs!in!the!world,!the!Yamaguchi!Gumi!which!is!referred!to!as!the!Yakuza.!The!main!types!of!crime!sourced!from!Japan!are!drug!trafficking,!forced!labor,!and!sex!trafficking.!Japan!also!has!203!police!officers!per!every!100,000!people!in!the!country.!Overall,!Japan!is!one!of!the!lucky!few!nations!in!ASEAN!that!really!doesn't!have!to!deal!with!transnational!crime!or!crime!in!general.!However,!we!would!still!like!to!see!this!committee!adress!the!problems!that!we!do!face,!like!organized!gangs,!forced!labor,!sex!trafficking,!and!drug!trafficking.!!!Topic!III!9!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Japan's!government!pursues!an!active!interest!in!financing!urban!centers!and!legislating!sustainable!urbanization.!Japan!is!one!of!the!most!highly!developed!countries!in!East!Asia,!but!it!also!has!some!of!the!slowest!urban!expansion!and!population!growth.!Tokyo!was!the!largest!urban!are!in!the!world!until!it!was!over!taken!by!the!Pearl!River!Delta!are!in!China.!Urban!planning!in!Japan!has!succeeded!in!acheiving!high!standards!of!living!through!precise!improvement!and!provision!of!urban!infrastructure!and!transport.!Japan's!annual!rate!of!urbanization!from!2010!to!2015!was!.56%,!which!is!very!low.!Basically,!Japan!is!a!very!urban!country!with!a!few!pockects!of!non!urban!area.!This!is!not!really!an!issue!for!us,!especially!since!Japan!has!so!many!houses!available!and!will!have!many!more.!Japan!is!a!very!wealthy!country,!especially!in!urban!development.!!!Work!Cited:!!n/a!!
Name:!Elizabeth!Licht!Delegation:!Western!Family!Y!Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:1Kazakhstan!!!!!Part!I!?!Country!Information!!Kazakhstan!is!a!country!in!Central!Asia!and!is!northwest!of!China.!It!is!mainly!landlocked!but!borders!the!Aral!Sea!and!the!Caspian!Sea.!The!climate!is!continental,!with!hot!summers!and!cold!winters.!77.4%!of!the!land!is!used!for!agriculture.!As!of!July!2016,!the!population!of!Kazakhstan!is!18,360,353!and!is!of!Kazakhstani!nationality.!The!government!is!a!presidential!republic!with!the!capital!in!Astana!and!follows!a!civil!law!system!as!well!as!following!some!of!the!Russian!Federation.!Kazakhstan!gained!its!independence!from!the!Soviet!Union!on!December!16,!1991.The!most!spoken!language!is!Kazakh!and!the!ethnic!groups!living!there!are!Kazakh,!Russian,!Uzbek,!Ukrainian,!Uighur,!Tatar,!German,!and!other!assorted!groups.!The!main!religion!practiced!is!Muslim!but!around!26%!of!the!population!practices!some!form!of!Christianity,!mainly!Russian!Orthodox.!Only!.2%!of!the!population!15!or!over!is!illiterate!and!2%!of!those!5?14!are!working!as!child!labor.!The!economy!suffers!from!an!overreliance!on!oil!and!extraction!industries.!The!GDP!per!capita!is!around!25,000!US!dollars!with!a!growth!rate!of!about!1.2%.!!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I?!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!In!Kazakhstan,!the!cotton!industry!has!both!child!and!forced!labour.!Those!in!Kazakhstan!have!the!right!to!free!labour!with!working!conditions!that!meet!the!safety!and!hygiene!requirements!set!in!place.!Workers!have!a!right!to!rest,!equality!of!opportunities!and!rights,!and!state!regulation!of!labour!production!and!safety.!There!is!no!discrimination!in!labour!and!the!rights!of!workers!can!not!be!taken!away.!Forced!labor,!as!well!as!the!worst!forms!of!child!labour!are!supposed!to!be!prohibited.!Maternity!leave!is!70!days!before!delivery!and!56!days!after!birth.!Adoption!leave!is!56!days!and!unpaid!childcare!leave!is!granted!until!the!child!is!three!years!old.!Kazakhstan!is!for!protecting!the!rights!of!workers!without!completely!taking!away!the!rights!of!the!employer!to!have!certain!conditions!regarding!work.!Kazakhstan!is!willing!to!support!anti?!discrimination!laws!as!well!as!laws!protecting!citizens!from!forced!or!extreme!child!labour.!Kazakhstan!is!also!willing!to!support!laws!increasing!the!standard!of!safety!and!hygiene!in!the!workplace.!!!To!achieve!these!goals!Kazakhstan!would!like!a!resolution!on!setting!a!standard!for!workplace!hygiene!and!safety,!and!setting!a!high!enough!standard!that!is!feasible!for!all!countries!while!allowing!those!countries!with!higher!standards!to!continue!using!their!own!standards.!Another!resolution!could!be!banning!forced!labour!in!all!ASEAN!member!nations.!Kazakhstan!would!have!difficulty!supporting!resolutions!banning!child!labour!outright!but!would!be!willing!to!consider!the!matter.!Finally,!Kazakhstan!would!not!want!to!
be!involved!with!resolutions!on!maternity!leave,!as!well!as!other!form!of!childcare!related!leave,!as!it!is!believed!that!other!countries!should!make!those!decisions,!as!long!as!these!countries!are!not!being!cruel.!!!!The!countries!that!would!agree!with!Kazakhstan!are!Butan,!East!Timor,!Papua!New!Guinea,!Siri!Lanka,!and!Vietnam!as!they!have!similar!views!on!child!labour!and!forced!labour.!Australia,!Japan,!New!Zealand,!Singapore,!and!South!Korea!may!believe!Kazakhstan!isn't!doing!enough!since!they!have!stricter!laws!than!Kazakhstan!does.!Finally,!North!Korea,!Nepal,!Pakistan,!Mongolia,!Micronesia,!India,!China,!and!Afghanistan!would!believe!we!are!overstepping!and!want!us!to!be!less!involved!in!these!matters,!due!to!the!culture!and!beliefs!the!people!have!in!those!countries.!!!!Topic!II!?!Transnational!Crime!!In!Kazakhstan!terrorism!is!something!that!should!be!handled!according!to!international!law.!It!is!also!believed!that!the!laws!set!in!place!should!be!improved!to!better!protect!the!world.!Kazakhstan!supports!this!improvement!and!may!possibly!be!discussing!these!matters!with!China!and!other!countries!nearby!and!around!the!world.!Kazakhstan!believes!that!the!nations!are!in!the!fight!against!terrorism!together.!!!Kazakhstan!believes!that!stricter!terrorism!laws!should!go!into!effect.!The!punishment!for!transnational!crime!can!be!increased!and!the!preventative!measures!can!be!stronger!than!they!are.!Cooperation!should!be!encouraged,!since!that!may!be!our!only!chance!at!stopping!transnational!crime.!!!Many!of!the!ASEAN!member!nations!would!agree!with!Kazakhstan.!North!Korea!would!be!opposed!to!this!solution,!since!they!have!the!policy!that!every!country!should!take!care!of!themselves!and!not!worry!about!others.!Japan!may!not!agree!fully!since!they!are!taking!measures!that!are!seeming!to!work,!and!so!they!may!not!feel!it!is!an!issue!that!needs!to!be!stressed!as!much!as!other!nations!believe!it!should.!!!Topic!III!?!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Kazakhstan!has!had!an!increase!in!development.!One!main!development!is!attempting!to!get!eleven!cities!to!be!built!as!sustainable!cities.!These!cities!would!hopefully!reduce!Kazakhstan's!greenhouse!gas!emissions!by!fifteen!percent.!Kazakhstan!is!also!a!key!food!producer.!They!have!acknowledged!the!scale!of!malnutrition!and!have!begun!to!attempt!to!end!it.!!!Kazakhstan!would!support!resolutions!to!set!up!more!sustainable!cities.!These!cities!reduce!greenhouse!gas!emissions!and!better!living!conditions.!Finding!a!way!to!implement!these!cities!in!all!of!the!member!nations!without!costing!those!nations!too!much!money!would!better!the!citizens!living!as!well!as!our!impact!on!the!earth.!The!resolution!would!be!optional!and!encouraged!so!as!not!to!offend!any!member!nations.!!
!Member!nations!with!higher!levels!of!agriculture!research!would!agree!with!this!kind!of!a!resolution.!Other!nations!like!Nepal!and!Papua!New!Guinea!would!not!agree!with!this!resolution!since!they!might!want!to!increase!their!research!before!taking!these!measures.!North!Korea!is!the!oddball,!not!releasing!its!information!so!it!is!difficult!to!predict!if!they!would!support!this,!since!it!is!optional,!or!if!they!would!shoot!it!down!because!they!believe!in!keeping!to!themselves.!!!!Work!Cited:!!Agriculture!Food!Research!Country!Matrix.!(n.d.).!Retrieved!from!https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0eGsdiBAJ8VVmFGM0llY1hEN28/view!!!China!Eager!to!Cooperate!with!Kazakhstan!in!Transnational!Crime!Fight.!(May!31).!Retrieved!from!http://www.inform.kz/en/china?eager?to?cooperate?with?kazakhstan?in?transnational?crime?fight_a2562604!!!Four!Kazakh!Cities!Join!UNDP?GEF!Sustainable!Cities!Project.!(n.d.).!Retrieved!from!http://www.kazakhembus.com/content/four?kazakh?cities?join?undp?gef?sustainable?cities?project!!!Kazakhstan:!Employment!and!Labour!Law!2016.!(2016,!March!17).!Retrieved!from!http://www.iclg.co.uk/practice?areas/employment?and?labour?law/employment?and?labour?law?2016/kazakhstan#chaptercontent1!!!Labour!Code!of!the!Republic!of!Kazakhstan.!(2007).!Retrieved!from!https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/MONOGRAPH/76433/82753/F982631364/Microsoft!Word!?!ENG!KAZ.76433.pdf!!!Labour,!Population,!and!Demographics!Country!Matrix.!(n.d.).!Retrieved!from!https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0eGsdiBAJ8VTXE0RzhCdkMwZEk/view!!!Terrorism!Country!Matrix.!(n.d.).!Retrieved!from!https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B0eGsdiBAJ8VTjFQT0VUbnAyZXM/view!!!
Name:!Stephanie!Rozycki!Delegation:!North!Hunterdon!High!School--Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Kuwait!!!!!Part!I!>!Country!Information!!Kuwait!is!a!small!country!bordered!by!Iraq,!Saudi!Arabia,!and!the!Persian!Gulf.!The!climate!of!Kuwait!is!a!dry,!desert!climate!with!intense!heat!during!the!summer!and!short,!mild!winters.!The!population!of!Kuwait!totals!to!about!2,832,776.!The!population!is!made!up!of!31.3%!people!of!Kuwaiti!descent,!27.9%!other!Arabian!countries,!37.8%!Asians,!1.9%!African,!and!1.1%!of!other!countries.!The!largest!age!group!in!the!population!is!25>54!year!olds,!making!up!about!52.28%!of!the!population,!followed!by!25.18%!0>18!year!old,!15.16%!15>24!year!olds,!4.95%!55>64!year!olds,!and!4.95%!65!years!and!older.!The!government!system!is!a!constitutional!monarchy!with!a!mixed!legal!system!consisting!of!English!common!law,!French!civil!law,!and!Islamic!religious!law.!There!is!an!executive,!judicial,!and!legislative!branch.!Political!parties!and!the!formation!of!parties!are!not!permitted!in!the!country.!Though!the!country!is!small,!it!is!wealthy!due!to!its!crude!oil!reserves.!However,!Kuwait!has!yet!to!diversify!its!economy!because!of!its!low!business!climate.!The!government!has!made!small!progress!on!its!long!term!economic!plan,!but!has!begun!funding!to!help!create!a!plan.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I>!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Only!31.3%!of!the!population!of!Kuwait!is!native!Kuwaiti's,!much!of!the!labor!force!consists!of!immigrants.!Most!of!these!immigrants!come!from!other!Arabian!countries!or!Asian!countries,!however!more!immigrants!from!Africa!are!becoming!present.!The!current!population!is!said!to!grow!to!4,183,658!by!2016!with!immigrants!totaling!to!69%!of!the!population.!The!current!population!growth!rate!is!around!1.53%,!ranking!the!country!73rd!amongst!the!rest!of!the!world,!however,!the!current!population!is!aging.!!!Due!to!the!high!immigration!rate,!the!capital!city!of!Kuwait,!Kuwait!city,!is!beginning!to!face!over!population.!Many!immigrants!migrate!to!join!the!work!force,!and!are!usually!provided!with!menial!jobs!and!poor!housing.!Immigrants!also!occasionally!face!abuse!and!trafficking!from!their!labor!companies.!The!Kuwaiti!natives!generally!get!along!with!immigrants!since!there!is!such!a!large!population.!The!large!influx!of!immigrants!has!been!dealt!with!by!the!Kuwaiti!government.!Stricter!immigration!laws!have!been!enforced,!one!of!which!permits!migrant!workers,!but!restricts!the!amount!of!immigrants!allowed!to!settle!in!Kuwait.!Kuwait!has!worked!with!surrounding!countries,!such!as!Saudi!Arabia,!to!permit!and!regulate!migrant!workers.!Kuwait!has!also!put!a!salary!ceiling!on!the!workers!who!bring!their!families!with!them.!!
!Most!of!the!immigrants!in!Kuwait!come!from!surrounding!Arabian!countries,!however!the!Philippines!and!Bangladesh!do!account!or!4.4%!and!4.3%!of!the!immigrant!population.!Kuwait!has!already!begun!to!set!laws!permitting!migrant!workers,!and!restricting!those!who!wish!to!settle!permanently.!So!far,!this!has!worked!for!the!country!and!has!opened!up!more!job!opportunities!for!natives,!while!still!providing!seasonal!jobs!for!migrant!workers.!However,!Kuwait!would!like!other!ASEAN!countries!to!set!restriction!laws!for!immigration!to!Kuwait!and!other!countries!experiencing!mass!migration.!Most!migrants!will!settle!near!their!place!of!work.!Kuwait!is!used!to!immigrants!since!they!make!up!69%!of!the!population,!and!with!the!new!restrictions,!there!is!hope!that!the!immigrant!population!flowing!into!cities!will!decrease.!!!!Topic!II!>!Transnational!Crime!!Kuwait!would!like!to!do!more!business!with!outside!countries!and!bring!more!income!to!the!country!so!it!wouldn't!have!to!rely!so!heavily!on!petroleum!for!income.!Currently,!Kuwait's!main!trade!and!business!partners!for!oil!are!South!Korea,!India,!Japan,!USA,!China,!and!Singapore.!If!business!were!to!become!more!successful,!Kuwait!would!be!able!to!address!issues!such!as!immigration!quotas,!human!trafficking,!and!abusive!labor!industries.!They!could!also!begin!researching!for!a!future!plan!to!solve!how!the!country!will!make!money!without!relying!on!oil.!!!The!labor!industry!provides!most!of!the!countries!citizens!with!jobs.!For!immigrants,!these!companies!take!advantage!of!them,!causing!forced!labor!to!become!an!issue!within!the!country.!Kuwait's!sponsorship!law!restricts!workers!from!moving!workplaces!and!running!from!abusive!work!places.!Human!trafficking!is!also!becoming!a!problem!in!Kuwait,!and!the!country!is!not!seriously!addressing!the!issue.!Verifications!for!fraudulent!visas!have!been!put!in!place,!prosecuting!hundreds!of!people!in!these!labor!forces.!The!trafficking!needs!to!be!further!assessed!and!addressed!so!the!problem!can!be!eliminated.!!!Kuwait!is!willing!to!work!with!other!countries!to!help!find!illegal!immigrants!in!the!work!force.!They!also!wish!to!work!with!outside!countries!to!address!the!human!trafficking!issue.!Kuwait!is!out!of!the!norm!with!its!restrictive!immigration!laws,!where!most!countries!are!accepting!of!outsiders!willing!to!work.!This!is!due!to!the!large!amount!of!immigrants!that!make!up!most!of!the!county's!population.!!!Topic!III!>!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!98.3%!of!Kuwait's!total!population!belongs!to!an!urban!population.!With!the!population!rising,!more!housing!is!being!added!to!the!fast!growing!capital!city.!Traffic!and!roadways!are!quickly!becoming!jammed!and!damaged.!There!is!also!a!lot!of!waterway!traffic!in!the!gulf!coast!between!Kuwait's!capital!city!and!Silk!City!north!of!Kuwait!city!and!across!the!gulf.!Only!3.4%!of!the!population!is!unemployed,!so!many!people!are!able!to!sustain!themselves!and!their!families.!Kuwait!is!working!to!spread!out!the!population!and!have!more!immigrants!work!in!cities!other!than!Kuwait!city.!
!!Poverty!is!not!largely!recognized!in!Kuwait!due!to!low!poverty!levels.!Those!considered!in!poverty!are!usually!immigrants!working!in!forced!labor!companies.!Kuwait!has!not!taken!measures!to!upgrade!those!living!in!slum!conditions.!The!population!living!in!slum!conditions,!known!as!bidoons,!are!the!older!people!living!in!Kuwait!who!have!been!denied!citizenship.!Since!the!country!does!not!recognize!them!as!citizens,!they!refuse!to!aid!them.!These!people!are!not!recognized!as!citizens!by!other!Arabian!and!Asian!countries,!so!they!are!refused!aid!wherever!they!go.!!!Kuwait!relies!on!oil!for!income!and!the!Persian!Gulf!for!fishing.!The!gulf!helps!support!the!food!supply,!making!seafood!a!staple!in!the!common!persons!diet.!Herding!goats,!sheep,!and!few!cattle!in!the!rural!areas!bring!food!in!as!well.!However,!fresh!water!is!becoming!a!problem!due!to!Kuwait's!lack!of!natural!water!sources!and!few!water!dispensaries.!!!Work!Cited:!!Kuwait!Population.!(2016,!August!06).!Retrieved!November!27th,!2016,!from!http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/kuwait>population/!!"Kuwait."!ABC!World,!World!Trade!Press.!Accessed!27!Nov.!2016."Kuwait."!Country!Watch,!www.countrywatch.com/Intelligence/CountryReviews?CountryId=93.!Accessed!27!Nov.!2016.!!"Kuwait!Transnational!Issues!Profile!2016."!Index!Mundi,!8!Oct.!2016,!www.indexmundi.com/kuwait/transnational_issues_profile.html.!!Shah,!Nasra!M.!"RESTRICTIVE!LABOUR!IMMIGRATION!POLICIES!IN!THE!OIL>RICH!GULF:!EFFECTIVENESS!AND!IMPLICATIONS!FOR!SENDING!ASIAN!COUNTRIES."!PDF!file,!Sept.!2005.!Snoj,!Jure.!"Kuwait's!Population>by!Nationality."!BQ!Magazine,!11!Aug.!2015.!!!!
Name:!Connor!Ragoza!Delegation:!Westfield!High!School--Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Laos!!!!!Part!I!<!Country!Information!!Laos!is!a!medium!sized!country,!with!a!population!hovering!a!little!below!ten!million.!The!majority!of!the!Laos!population!is!native!born!citizens,!who!mainly!speak!Laotian.!These!average!citizens!are!poor,!and!are!either!farmers!or!factory!workers.!Farms!dominate!cities!in!Laos,!as!the!majority!of!the!population!farms.!The!primary!religions!in!Laos!are!Catholicism!and!Buddhism.!Laos!is!a!member!of!ACCT,!ASEAN,!AFTA,!ASEAN,!ESCAP!and!77G<77.!!Laos!has!a!communistic!government!with!parliament!style!elections!and!congress.!Laos!is!located!on!the!southeast!tip!of!Asia,!by!Vietnam,!Thailand,!Myanmar,!and!Cambodia.!The!economy!of!Laos!is!very!poor,!with!over!50!percent!of!its!civilians!living!in!poverty.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I<!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Corruption,!largely!influenced!by!transnational!crime,!is!a!major!problem!in!Laos.!The!2012Transparency!InternationalCorruption!Perceptions!Indexranked!the!country!at!number!160,!out!of!176!countries!in!total.The!government!has!been!making!an!effort!or!curb!corruption.!The!drug!trade!is!an!important!issue!in!Laos.!The!country!is!home!to!a!great!number!of!poppy!fields!and!drug!addicts.!The!drug!trade!is!ruining!the!lives!of!the!Laotian!population!and!gives!civilians!an!opportunity!to!not!engage!in!honest!jobs!or!occupations.!Additionally,!the!same!problems!can!be!seen!with!trafficking.!Trafficking!is!also!influenced!by!government!corruption.!!The!rate!of!violent!crime,!as!well!as!trafficking,!has!been!growing,!as!of!July!2013.!Traveling!alone!in!remote!areas!after!dark!is!of!risk!especially!to!foreigners.!Changes!must!be!made!to!ensure!that!foreigners!will!feel!safe!traveling!to!Laos.!Otherwise,!Laos!will!have!no!tourist!population,!which!can!severely!damage!the!economy.!To!fix!this,!Laos!must!rid!itself!of!the!international!crime!epidemic.!The!government!must!rid!itself!of!corrupt!leaders,!which!might!only!be!possible!with!the!help!of!the!majority!of!the!civilian!population.!!Other!countries!surrounding!Laos!would!receive!positive!benefits!from!this!solution.!If!Laos!fights!to!end!transnational!crime,!then!bordering!countries!would!see!a!major!decrease!in!their!transnational!crime!rates!as!well.!This!is!a!plus<plus.!Additionally,!if!the!people!of!Laos!campaigned!for!a!less!corrupt!government,!this!could!encourage!and!inspire!the!oppressed!people!in!surrounding!countries!to!mirror!the!actions!of!the!Laos!people.!!
Topic!II!<!Transnational!Crime!!Laos!has!an!extremely!high!poverty!rate,!which!means!the!majority!of!its!citizens!are!living!in!poverty.!This!must!be!combated!somehow.!Laos's!population!might!be!too!high,!with!not!enough!resources,!to!support!itself.!The!general!demographic!of!Laos!is!primarily!born<citizens,!immigration!is!not!a!problem.!!!More!than!a!third!of!Laos's!population!continues!to!live!below!the!global!poverty!line!of!U.S.!$1.25!PPP!a!day!in!a!society!where!most!of!the!population!remains!dependent!on!subsistence!agriculture.!Farming!still!accounts!for!67.6%!of!total!employment,!compared!with!16.9%!of!the!population!who!is!self<employed!and!only!15.5%!who!are!wage<earners.!With!a!total!population!of!just!over!800,000!people,!many!settlements!in!the!capital!region!are!still!villages.!Even!within!the!city!of!Vientiane!itself,!good!roads!are!a!privilege!and!residents!often!times!must!use!dirt!roads!to!access!essential!services!like!schools!or!hospitals.!The!solution!to!this!is!a!federal!aid!program.!By!providing!some!form!of!welfare!to!its!citizens,!and!encouraging!them!to!contribute!to!the!economy,!Laos's!could!have!a!booming!economy!in!a!few!short!years.!!Other!counties!experience!vastly!similar!problems!like!Laos,!and!could!only!see!benefits!to!the!solutions!proposed.!The!entire!region!of!Southeast!Asia!is!also!struggling!with!poverty,!so!providing!federal!aid!to!civilians!is!an!option!that!most!other!countries!could!get!behind.!If!one!country,!such!as!Laos,!benefitted,!it!could!improve!the!civilians!lives!and!economy!of!all!other!bordering!countries.!Much!like!the!solution!with!corruption!and!transnational!crime,!this!is!a!plus<plus!solution!for!the!neighboring!countries!to!Laos.!!!Topic!III!<!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Tens!of!thousands!of!Laotians!will!be!looking!for!jobs!every!year!in!the!coming!decades.!Having!more!potential!workers!presents!an!opportunity!for!growth,!but!only!if!productive,!income<generating!jobs!are!available.!While!the!government!has!focused!on!the!role!of!education!in!skills!development,!the!Lao!PDR!Development!Report!aims!to!identify!what!needs!to!be!done!to!create!more!and!better!jobs!for!Lao!PDR's!growing!population.!Currently,!most!of!the!jobs!that!are!available!in!Lao!PDR!are!not!very!attractive:!productivity!and!growth!remains!very!low,!and!this!implies!relatively!low!wages,!and!relatively!slow!growth!in!those!wages.!The!underlying!problem!is!that!a!difficult!business!environment!keeps!foreign!and!domestic!private!investments!away.!Unless!this!problem!is!addressed,!it!is!unlikely!that!the!economy!in!Lao!PDR!will!be!able!to!provide!attractive!job!opportunities!to!the!96,000!young!people!entering!the!labor!market!each!year.!!Laos!must!encourage!vast!increase!in!production!for!its!financial!sector,!opposed!to!agricultural!jobs.!To!take!advantage!of!better!jobs,!young!people!need!better!foundational!skills!<!the!reading!skills!of!adults!in!Lao!PDR!lag!behind!adults!in!neighboring!countries.!An!Early!Grade!Reading!Assessment!showed!that!over!30%!of!2nd!graders!could!not!read!a!single!word,!and!among!those!who!could!read,!57%!did!not!understand!what!they!had!just!read.!Large!proportions!of!the!workforce!are!trapped!in!lower<productivity!farming!jobs:!7!
in!10!Lao!workers!are!employed!in!the!agriculture!sector.!To!combat!this!problem,!Laos!must!encourage!economic!development!in!its!industrial!sector.!!Laos's!bordering!nations!experience!similar!problems:!the!majority!of!their!populations!are!farmers!living!in!poverty.!There!is!not!enough!economic!development.!If!Laos!developed!its!industrial!economy,!it!could!trade!more!with!surrounding!nations.!This,!in!turn,!would!continue!to!increase!the!Laos!economy.!Laos!could!potentially!seek!bigger!trading!partners.!Surrounding!countries!would!also!be!encouraged!to!develop!their!financial!and!industrial!sectors,!and!rely!less!on!agriculture.!This!is!the!only!way!to!rid!poverty!in!the!cluster!of!Southeast!Asian!nations.!!!Work!Cited:!!Loh,!Johannes.!"Laos'"The!Diplomat.!The!Diplomat,!17!Nov.!2012.!Web.!27!Oct.!2016.!"Lao!PDR!Development!Report!2014:!Expanding!Productive!Employment!for!Broad<Based!Growth."World!Bank.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!27!Oct.!2016.!!"Laos!Transnational!Issues!2016,!CIA!World!Factbook."Laos!Transnational!Issues!2016,!CIA!World!Factbook.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!27!Oct.!2016.Infoplease.!Infoplease,!n.d.!Web.!19!Oct.!2016.!!"Nations!Factbook."The!Country!Dictionary,!n.d.!Web.!19!Oct.!2016.!!
Name:!Joe!Coyne!Delegation:!Cranford--Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Madagascar!!!!!!Part!I!9!Country!Information!!Madagascar!is!an!island!off!of!the!southeast!coast!of!Africa!and!its!capital!is!Antananarivo.!It!is!the!fourth!largest!island!in!the!world.!It!has!a!population!of!24,430,325!people!and!its!major!languages!are!Malagasy!and!French,!with!Malagasy!being!its!official!language.!The!major!religions!are!Indigenous!beliefs,!Christianity!and!Muslim.!Madagascar!is!a!semi9presidential!republic,!with!the!president!being!Hery!Rajaonarimampianina.!Agriculture,!industry,!and!services!account!for!all!of!Madagascar's!GDP!composition.!Madagascar!belongs!to!the!United!Nations,!the!International!Monetary!Fund,!the!World!Bank,!and!the!World!Trade!Organization.!!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I9!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Madagascar!has!a!little!under!half!of!its!population!in!its!workforce!with!the!total!in!2014!being!12,077,140.!Madagascar!includes!everyone!in!their!workforce!including!the!unemployed!and!first9time!job9seekers.!Their!population!is!predominantly!rural!and!poor.!Malnutrition!is!prevalent!and!many!families!are!very!large.!Just!over!60%!of!the!population!is!under!the!age!of!25.!Less!than!8%!of!the!population!is!over!the!age!of!54.!Madagascar!is!19th!in!the!world!in!population!growth!at!2.54%.!!!Madagascar!would!like!the!committee!to!resolve!the!problem!of!the!lack!of!job!opportunities!for!the!growing!population.!An!education!initiative!needs!to!be!launched!so!that!people!can!become!aware!of!the!risks!in!their!country.!Young!girls!need!to!continue!their!education!and!not!be!pulled!out!of!school!for!an!early!marriage!and!to!start!a!family.!More!people!need!to!be!more!educated!so!that!there!can!be!experts!on!different!topics,!like!malnutrition,!to!help!those!who!don't!know!as!much!on!the!topic.!If!this!does!not!occur,!Madagascar!could!have!a!major!shift!downwards!in!population.!!!There!may!be!other!countries!like!South!Sudan!and!Malawi,!where!their!GDP!per!capita!is!$226,!interested!in!these!proposals!but!they!don't!have!the!financial!tools!to!accept!and!carry!on!this!idea.!Many,!if!not!all,!of!the!African!nations!are!encountering!these!problems!on!a!daily!basis.!They!would!love!to!put!these!ideas!into!action!but!they!don't!have!the!money!to!make!it!work.!Other!countries,!especially!countries!in!southeast!Asia!like!Thailand,!have!all!the!money!that!they!need!and!more!to!put!this!plan!into!play.The!other!Southeast!Asian!countries!are!hesitant!to!give!Madagascar!money!for!this!proposal!is!because!they!don't!know!what!they!will!get!in!return,!if!they!can!get!anything!at!all.!!
Topic!II!9!Transnational!Crime!!Madagascar!really!suffers!from!transnational!crime.!Their!crime!rating!is!critical!and!it!keeps!rising.!Due!to!a!political!instability,!Madagascar's!crime!rate!has!gone!up!significantly.!The!biggest!crime!threat!to!the!people!in!Madagascar!is!home!invasion.!There!have!been!many!reports!of!thefts!and!personal!robberies.!The!majority!of!reports!on!break9ins!appear!to!be!perpetrated!by!Malagasy!on!Malagasy!households.!Minimal!reports!have!had!the!victim!as!a!foreigner.!Thankfully!for!Madagascar,!there!are!very!few!instances!of!organized!crimes!due!to!the!lack!of!education.!!!Madagascar!would!like!the!committee!to!resolve!this!by!helping!Madagascar!become!a!safer!country.!Malagasy!have!to!stop!raiding!others!and!stealing!from!them.!If!there!were!more!job!opportunities!in!Madagascar,!maybe!less!people!would!feel!the!need!to!steal!items!of!substantial!worth!because!they!would!get!that!money!from!their!jobs.!The!committee!could!introduce!stricter!policies!for!foreigners!entering!the!country!and!becoming!a!citizen.!They!can!add!more!thorough!background!checks!as!well!as!not!letting!anyone!into!the!country!that!is!on!the!no9fly!list.!!!Other!countries!could!help!by!employing!security!guards!for!airports!and!other!systems!of!transportation.!Richer!countries!in!the!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!could!pay!their!employees!to!work!as!attendants!checking!backgrounds!more!thoroughly!who!are!going!into!other!countries.!If!they!are!on!the!no9fly!list,!they!should!immediately!be!removed!from!the!area!and!questioned!why!they!were!trying!to!sneak!onto!the!plane!or!other!vehicle!of!transportation.!Other!ASEAN!countries!that!are!more!educated!could!help!educate!Madagascarians!on!what!or!what!not!to!do!during!a!crime!scene.!!!Topic!III!9!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Madagascar!suffers!from!the!lack!of!Urban!Development.!Public!spaces!are!poorly!managed!and!maintained!and!not!accessible!to!all.!Many!of!these!open!spaces!are!used!for!commercial!purposes.!These!spaces!are!poorly!created!as!they!do!not!meet!the!needs!of!city!dwellers.!The!rapid!growth!of!towns!are!creating!serious!problems!of!housing!and!sanitation,!especially!in!Antananarivo,!Madagascar's!capital.!There!is!overcrowding!and!insanitation!because!there!is!not!enough!advancements!in!knowledge!of!diseases.!Over!4!people!lived!in!each!house.!!Madagascar!would!like!the!committee!to!resolve!the!problem!of!empty!space!and!overcrowding.!Many!empty!spaces!that!could!be!used!for!recreational!purposes!or!to!build!houses!on!are!just!used!for!commercial!reasons.!This!need!to!end!and!these!spaces!need!to!be!used!for!the!good!of!the!community.!They!could!add!a!recreational!area!for!people!to!play!on!and!exercise.!This!will!keep!everyone!active!and!healthy.!They!could!also!build!houses!in!these!areas!to!reduce!the!overcrowding!and!stop!or!slow!down!the!spreading!of!diseases.!!
Other!richer!countries!in!ASEAN!may!be!able!to!help!clean!up!and!renew!these!public!areas.!This!may!not!occur!though!because!they!would!want!something!in!return,!something!that!Madagascar!may!not!have.!If!the!deal!gets!done!though,!the!other!countries!could!fund!the!building!of!these!recreational!areas!so!that!it!would!allow!more!job!opportunities!for!Madagascarians.!This!would!be!a!double!benefit!for!Madagascar!because!they!would!get!more!job!opportunities!and!have!a!space!for!recreation!or!housing.!Other!countries!that!might!help!out!would!get!benefits!from!what!they!get!in!return!from!Madagascar.!!!Work!Cited:!!News,!BBC.!"Madagascar!Country!Profile."!BBC!News.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!2!Nov.!2016.!!!"Contact!CIA."!Central!Intelligence!Agency.!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!n.d.!Web.!2!Nov.!2016.!!"U.S.!Bilateral!Relations!Fact!Sheets."!U.S.!Department!of!State.!U.S.!Department!of!State,!n.d.!Web.!2!Nov.!2016.!!"LABOR!FORCE!9!TOTAL!IN!MADAGASCAR."!LABOR!FORCE!9!TOTAL!IN!MADAGASCAR.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!2!Nov.!2016.!!"OSAC!United!States!Department!of!State!Bureau!of!Diplomatic!Security."!OSAC!United!States!Department!of!State!Bureau!of!Diplomatic!Security.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!2!Nov.!2016.!!!"UN!Habitat:!Madagascar."!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!2!Nov.!2016.!!"Madagascar!9!Housing."!Housing!9!Madagascar!9!Growth.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!2!Nov.!2016.!!!
Name:!Diya!Sharma!Delegation:!Rancocas!Valley!High!School!--Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Malaysia!!!!!!!Part!I!<!Country!Information!!The!country!of!Malaysia!is!located!beneath!Thailand!and!above!Indonesia.!Merchants!from!China!and!India!had!settled!in!Malaysia!very!early!in!history.!After!it!was!inhabited,!a!state!in!Malaysia!was!conquered!by!Portugal!in!1511.!In!1641,!it!was!then!taken!over!by!the!Dutch.!The!British!Empire!had!a!presence!in!the!country!as!well!in!1786.!Also,!in!World!War!II,!Japan!invaded!Malaysia!for!several!years.!They!gained!independence!on!August!31,!1957.!Currently,!Malaysia's!population!consists!of!approximately!31!million!people.!Malaysia!has!a!federal!constitutional!monarchy!and!its!current!Prime!Minister!is!Najib!Razak.!The!official!language!is!Bahasa!Malaysia,!however,!English,!Chinese,!Tamil,!Telugu,!Malayalam,!Punjabi,!and!Thai!are!spoken!there!too.!Malaysia!became!a!member!of!the!UN!in!1957!and!is!a!part!of!the!Security!Council.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I<!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Malaysia!has!a!large!population!partially!because!the!infant!mortality!rate!is!low!while!the!life!expectancy!rate!is!high.!Also,!dozens!of!thousands!of!refugees!have!been!coming!from!Burma.!Public!education!is!free!and!mandatory!for!children!ages!six!through!eleven.!However,!girls!and!children!in!rural!areas!often!are!unable!to!attend!school,!and!non<citizens!have!to!pay!extra!fees.!Child!labor!is!illegal!in!Malaysia!for!anyone!under!the!age!of!fourteen.!There!are!also!limitations!for!children!that!are!allowed!to!work,!such!as!the!number!of!hours!and!days.!!Due!to!its!current!laws,!Malaysia!would!like!to!increase!the!mandatory!amount!of!education!for!children.!It!would!like!to!especially!focus!on!girls!and!non<citizens.!In!order!to!progress!as!a!country,!Malaysia's!residents!need!to!be!educated.!Malaysia!would!also!like!to!provide!financial!aid!and/or!other!types!of!aid!to!citizens!that!are!in!absolute!need!of!it.!Seeing!as!though!the!country!of!Malaysia!is!not!in!favor!of!child!labor,!it!would!not!have!a!problem!with!implementing!stricter!child!labor!laws!or!having!inspections.!!Malaysia!would!like!to!call!upon!the!UN!to!assist!it!in!giving!a!better!education!to!its!population.!Textbooks,!school!supplies,!and!other!materials!would!be!appreciated.!In!addition,!creating!scholarship!opportunities!or!educational!and!academic!opportunities!in!the!UN!or!by!the!UN!would!be!much!appreciated!by!Malaysia.!If!other!countries!in!ASEAN!wanted!to!donate!some!of!its!resources!to!Malaysia,!the!country!would!be!immensely!grateful.!All!in!all,!countries!in!ASEAN!and!in!the!UN!need!to!work!together!to!provide!exceptional!academic!possibilities!for!its!residents.!
Topic!II!<!Transnational!Crime!!Drug!and!human!trafficking!is!a!major!problem!in!Malaysia.!There!are!many!laws!in!place!concerning!drug!trafficking,!including!the!death!penalty,!and!it!is!prosecuted!vigorously.!Human!trafficking,!on!the!other!hand,!is!harder!to!identify!because!labor!migration!is!common.!Malaysia!identifies!human!trafficking!as!a!major!problem!as!well.!Furthermore,!ISIS!has!become!an!imminent!threat!to!several!countries!in!ASEAN!and!other!countries!around!the!world.!The!terrorist!group!attacked!Malaysia!in!July!of!2016.!!Since!ISIS!is!one!of!the!biggest!threats!currently!facing!ASEAN,!Malaysia!calls!upon!the!UN!to!aid!in!strengthening!country!borders.!The!country!of!Malaysia!intends!on!protecting!its!citizens!immediate!danger!at!all!costs.!Figuring!out!a!way!to!combat!drug!and!human!trafficking!is!also!an!essential!task!for!Malaysia!to!complete.!It!would!like!the!help!of!the!UN!to!solve!this!problem.!!Protecting!the!countries!in!ASEAN!from!ISIS!would!require!a!group!effort.!Almost!every!country!would!need!to!work!together.!Any!country!that!wants!to!participate!should!strengthen!its!borders.!Malaysia!would!also!need!help!from!other!countries!with!human!trafficking.!It!would!like!to!create!more!strict!inspections!at!the!borders!of!its!country!and!the!countries!surrounding!it.!!!Topic!III!<!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Malaysia!struggles!with!keeping!its!citizens!and!noncitizens!off!the!streets!since!it!has!such!a!vast!population.!Refugees!and!illegal!immigrants!are!commonly!found!without!homes!because!they!do!not!receive!support!from!the!government.!Malaysia!has!also!been!neglecting!its!city!centers.!Considering!its!immense!population,!the!country!of!Malaysia!would!like!to!accommodate!for!its!small!spaces!and!build!areas!required!for!social!and!economic!opportunities.!In!the!long!run,!this!would!help!the!advancement!of!the!country.!!!Malaysia!would!be!in!support!of!creating!shelters!and!homes!for!refugees!and!immigrants!because!it!recognizes!that!its!population!has!led!to!overcrowding.!The!United!Nations!would!need!to!aid!Malaysia!in!providing!them!with!supplies!and!tools!necessary!to!build!homes.!Although!it!is!not!a!priority,!Malaysia!would!be!interested!in!building!recreational!facilities!and!other!types!of!facilities!for!its!people.!!It!is!suggested!by!Malaysia!that!other!countries!in!ASEAN,!who!are!not!overcrowded,!take!in!refugees!as!well.!Nearby!countries!accepting!refugees!would!help!Malaysia!because!the!population!would!decrease!and!there!would!be!less!overcrowding.!Border!control!and!inspections!would!also!help!with!decreasing!the!amount!of!illegal!immigrants!entering!the!country.!Malaysia!believes!that!the!surrounding!countries!would!be!in!support!of!this.!!!!!
Work!Cited:!!n/a!!
Name:!Lasya!Katta!Delegation:!Caravel!Academy!--Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Micronesia!!!!!!
!
Part!I!<!Country!Information!
!
The!Federated!States!of!Micronesia!(abbreviated!as!FSM!or!commonly!known!as!
Micronesia)!is!a!United!States!associated!state!and!an!independent!sovereign!island!nation!
located!in!the!western!Pacific!Ocean!within!the!Carolinian!archipelago.!It!consists!of!four!
states<!Yap,!Chuuk,!Phonpei,!and!Kosrae<!that!together!comprise!of!607!islands!with!a!total!
area!of!7,866!square!km.!Approximately!4000!km!southwest!of!Hawaii,!the!islands!lie!
northeast!of!New!Guinea,!south!of!Guam!and!Marinas,!west!of!Nauru!and!Marshal!Islands!
and!east!of!Palau!Islands!and!the!Philippines.!
!
!!!According!to!July!2016!estimates,!FSM!has!a!population!of!104,719,!ranking!it!194th!
worldwide!in!the!population!comparison!index.!The!population!is!54.7%!Roman!Catholic,!
41.1%!Protestant,!1.5%!Mormon,!1.9%!other,!and!0.7%!none.!The!life!expectancy!is!72.9!
years,!and!the!literacy!rate!is!89%.!
!
!!!Peter!M.!Christian!is!the!president!of!FSM!and!thereby!both!chief!of!state!and!head!of!
government.!However,!in!reality,!the!government!of!the!FSM!can!be!characterized!as!a!
confederation,!with!strong!state!governments!and!a!weaker!central!government.!Municipal!
government!is!considered!by!many!to!be!the!most!important!level!of!government!in!
Micronesia.!The!leaders!of!local!bodies!are!generally!traditional!chiefs,!who!are!considered!
by!a!sizable!body!of!Micronesians!to!be!more!important!figures!than!nationally!elected!
politicians.!In!fact,!the!local!council!of!chiefs!can!veto!any!legislation!it!considers!
detrimental!to!traditional!ways.!While!a!judicial!system!exists!and!the!president!appoints!
justices,!a!traditional!mediation!system!also!exists!to!deal!with!local!offenders!and!a!large!
number!of!cases!are!resolved!through!such!mediation!than!more!formal!legal!trials.!
!
!!!As!part!of!the!UN!Trust!Territory!of!the!Pacific!Islands,!FSM!came!under!United!States!
administration!in!1947!following!World!War!II.!Yet,!beginning!in!the!1960s,!Micronesians!
decided!they!wanted!political!independence!and!were!subsequently!granted!area!
sovereignty!in!1970.!The!government!of!the!FSM!and!the!government!of!the!United!States!
executed!a!Compact!of!Free!Association!October!1982;!in!November!1986,!that!compact!
went!into!effect.!Under!the!Compact!of!Free!Association,!the!United!States!is!responsible!for!
defense!and!security!issues.!The!UN!Security!Council!voted!in!December!1990!to!terminate!
the!FSM's!status!as!a!UN!Trust!Territory.!In!September!1991,!the!FSM!became!an!
independent!state!and!joined!the!UN.!The!Compact!of!Free!Association!expired!in!2001!but!
was!amended!and!renewed!in!2004;!under!its!provisions,!the!United!States!will!provide!
FSM!approximately!$100!million!per!year!until!2023.!
!
!!!With!a!GDP!of!$306!million,!FSM's!economy!consists!mainly!of!substance!mainly!of!
subsistence!farming!and!fishing!and!receives!funding!largely!from!the!Compact!of!Free!
Association!assistance!provided!by!the!United!States.!The!heavy!dependence!on!the!US,!lack!
of!potential!of!tourism!(due!isolation,!lack!of!adequate!facilities!and!limited!internal!air!and!
water!transportation)!as!well!as!few!commercially!valuable!mineral!deposits!have!lead!to!a!
meager!economic!outlook!for!FSM.!
!
Name:!Amy!Zhang!Delegation:!Peddie!School--Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Mongolia!!!!!!Part!I!:!Country!Information!!Mongolia!is!a!nation!located!between!Russia!and!China!in!Northern!Asia.!In!Mongolia,!Khalkha!Mongol!is!the!official!language!and!spoken!by!90%!of!Mongolian!people!(other!languages!spoken!include!Turkic!and!Russian).!The!religions!of!Mongolia!include!Buddhist!(53%),!Muslim!(3%),!Christian!(2.2%)!Shamanist!(2.9%),!other!(0.4%)!and!none!(38.4%).!The!type!of!government!in!Mongolia!is!a!semi:presidential!republic.!The!president!of!Mongolia!is!Tsakhiagiin!Elbegdorj.!The!services!accounts!for!51.1%!of!a!Gross!Domestic!Product!of!36.07!billion!USD.!The!population!adding!to!this!is!around!3,031,330!people.!The!climate!mainly!includes!desert!and!continental!ones!(large!daily!and!seasonal!temperature!ranges).!In!Mongolia,!73%!of!the!land!is!used!for!agriculture.!Mongolian!people!with!age!of!18:27!are!compulsory!or!voluntary!for!military!service.!This!includes!1:year!conscript!service!obligation!in!land!or!air!forces!or!police!for!males!only;!after!conscription,!soldiers!are!able!to!contract!into!military!service!for!2!or!4!years.!Besides,!citizens!can!also!volunteer!to!join!military!forces.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I:!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!In!southeast!Asia,!the!growing!and!aging!of!population!is!a!significant!problem!to!discuss!since!they!can!lead!to!the!hold!back!of!development!and!drain!of!labor!resources.!The!population!of!Mongolia!will!reach!3.52!million!by!2030.!The!population!growth!rate!is!approximately!2.0%!in!2015;!it!will,!however,!decrease!to!about!1.0%!by!2030.!The!proportion!of!the!population!aged!65!years!and!above!will!not!vary!significantly!by!2030;!however,!the!proportion!of!the!population!aged!60!years!and!above!is!expected!to!exceed!that!of!the!population!aged!0:14!years!in!2056.!Despite!the!declining!number!of!people!aged!0:14!years,!this!younger!population!group!will!still!constitute!24.8%!of!the!total!population!by!2030.!The!population!growth!rate!of!Mongolia!estimated!in!2014!is!1.44%,!and!that!of!China!is!0.37%!and!Russia!is!0.19%.!!Such!a!high!population!growth!rate!has!been!the!goal!of!Mongolian!government,!that!has!put!lots!of!efforts!into!encouraging!large!families!in!order!to!prevent!labor!shortage.!For!example,!in!1987,!the!goal!of!Mongolian!government!was!to!make!their!population!reach!2!million;!therefore,!on!the!national!day!of!Mongolia,!the!Children's!Foundation!awarded!the!2!millionth!baby!5,000:tugrik!(Mongolian!currency)!subsidy!and!local!governments!and!the!parents'!workplaces!also!gave!gifts.!The!economic!aid!from!nations!around!such!as!the!Soviet!Union!has!assisted!Mongolia!to!afford!the!costs!of!resources!for!the!economically!unproductive!children.!Since!the!economy!of!Mongolia!is!greatly!integrated!with!that!of!
eastern!Siberia,!where!the!Soviet!Union!has!suffered!endemic!labor!shortages,!encouraging!Mongolian!population!growth!and!increase!in!labor!force!are!also!beneficial!to!the!Soviet!Union.!!East!Asian!governments!strictly!control!migration,!and!migrants'!rights!are!hard!to!be!fully!guaranteed.!Policymakers!agree!on!temporary!labor!migration,!but!essentially!tend!to!prohibit!permanent!settlement!of!the!immigrants.!While!most!migration!within!specific!region!is!temporary,!trends!toward!long:term!stay!are!evidently!increased.!The!destinations!of!settlement!are!basically!some!European!countries!such!Italy,!Hungary,!the!United!Kingdom!and!regions!across!Europe,!such!as!the!United!States!and!Canada.!In!2005,!the!top!three!foreign!immigrants!source!countries!in!Italy!are!all!ASEAN!countries:China,!Philippines!and!India.!In!Mongolia,!the!Kazakhstani!government!introduced!the!"Blessed!Migration"!program!on!January!1,!2009!which!continues!to!provide!incentives!with!oralmander!for!immigration.!In!addition!to!offering!subsidies!and!paid!travel!costs,!the!new!program!will!provide!low:interest!loans!to!buy!land!or!housing.!!!Topic!II!:!Transnational!Crime!!Transnational!crime!has!been!a!serious!issue!among!East!Asian!regions,!and!ASEAN!has!therefore!cooperated!to!combat!the!crime.!However,!even!though!this!issue!has!great!urgency,!transnational!crime!has!not!been!addressed!forcefully!enough.!The!claims!on!the!necessity!of!cooperation!among!the!East!Asian!regions!are!essentially!empty!and!repetitive.!Consequently,!ASEAN's!response!has!primarily!consisted!of!a!rhetorical!device!instead!of!actual!actions.!They!fail!to!address!the!policies!of!funding!and!establishing!monitoring!mechanisms!to!evaluate!progress.!Appropriate!measures!need!to!be!conducted!in!order!to!have!to!deal!with!all!these!issues!and!lead!to!more!reliable!results.!!!There!is!no!transnational!crime!that!originates!within!Mongolia!since!it!has!a!relatively!high!level!of!crime!justice.!The!main!threat!is!brought!by!the!borders:police!claim!that!most!smuggled!drugs!come!from!China,!and!are!carried!by!Mongolian!people;!some!illegal!immigrants!come!from!China!to!Russia!through!Mongolia,!adding!threat!to!safety!of!Mongolian!borders.!The!Mongolian!government!therefore!has!made!the!defense!of!borders!a!priority!in!order!to!prevent!the!increase!of!organized!crime!involvement!from!the!current!low!levels.!However,!deficiency!in!technical!capacity!and!resources,!along!with!corruption!in!parts!of!government!and!police!offices!become!the!obstacles!of!investigating!transnational!crime!for!Mongolian!government.!Reacting!to!this,!Mongolian!authorities!have!set!up!cooperative!relationship!with!United!Nation!Office!on!Drugs!and!Crime!(UNODC)!in!order!to!tackle!illicit!deal!in!psychotropic!substances!and!narcotic!drugs,!transnational!organized!crime,!experts,!support!etc.!The!main!goal!of!this!partnership!is!to!align!national!laws!and!regulations!with!international!terms!that!the!country!is!party!to.!!Mongolian!government!has!expressed!willingness!and!strong!intention!to!strengthen!friendly!relations!with!ASEAN!and!ASEAN!member!states.!ASEAN!believes!that!Mongolia!has!the!potential!for!creating!and!promoting!mutual!benefits!in!this!partnership,!especially!in!the!areas!in!which!Mongolia!applies!its!expertise.!As!for!Mongolian!government,!ASEAN!
is!the!economic!partner!it!seeks!for!who!can!promise!it!a!prosperous!future.!Such!a!mutually!beneficial!relationship!makes!the!relationship!between!Mongolia!and!ASEAN!close!and!unbreakable.!!!Topic!III!:!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!As!mining!accounts!for!a!significant!contribution!to!the!fast:growing!Mongolian!economy,!environmental!protection!becomes!important!for!Mongolian!government.!Many!hydrologists!devote!efforts!to!ensure!that!the!development!of!such!industry!won't!take!away!water!from!nearby!communities!or!herders!and!animals!residing!in!the!region.!In!order!to!raise!environmental!consciousness!and!protect!environment,!the!World!Bank,!together!with!the!Government!of!Mongolia,!started!the!Netherlands:Mongolia!Trust!Fund!for!Environmental!Reform!(NEMO)!in!2005,!with!economic!support!from!the!Dutch!Government.!Aiming!to!realize!sustainable!development,!Mongolia!government!has!launched!2030!Sustainable!Development!Vision,!which!indicates!the!development!path!for!the!following!fifteen!years.!Mongolia!is!expected!to!be!one!of!the!leading!Middle!Income!Countries!that!has!gotten!rid!of!poverty!while!continually!making!progress!by!2030.!Mongolia!has!shown!huge!progress!over!the!past!few!decades!as!it!has!been!classified!as!a!high!Human!Development!Country!in!UNDP's!Human!Development!Index;!essentially,!Mongolia!has!remains!more!equal!than!other!Asian!countries.!!In!1990,!the!percentage!of!people!living!in!slums!is!69%,!and!that!of!people!living!in!slums!is!43%!in!2007.!Due!to!such!a!slum!poverty,!land!management!and!affordability!of!adequate!housing!and!services!become!challenge!for!Mongolian!government.!In!order!to!deal!with!issues!such!as!extreme!temperatures!and!infeasibility!of!services,!the!most!viable!strategt!is!to!densify!ger:areas.!Besides,!Mongolian!residents!are!expected!to!start!a!progressive!and!guided!land!pooling!process,!realizing!the!maximum!land!available!at!a!time!when!it!requires!minimum!expenditure.!Oftentimes,!the!upgrading!programs!are!most!effective!when!organized!and!led!by!municipal!government!or!authority.!!It!is!reported!that!Mongolian!people!has!been!facing!the!issues!of!water!scarcity!and!quality!crisis.!Despite!Mongolian!wealth!of!natural!resources,!the!lakes!and!rivers!in!Mongolia!have!dried!up!due!to!its!desert!climate,!even!in!the!rural!areas.!Water!distribution!is!extremely!uneven:northern!Mongolia!owns!the!majority!of!water!resources;!the!residents!living!in!central!and!southern!parts,!however,!lack!water!resources.!Such!a!deficiency!of!water!resources!leads!to!many!inconvenience!for!Mongolian!residents,!especially!for!those!who!live!in!the!central!and!southern!parts!that!is!far!away!from!the!main!water!sources.!!!Work!Cited:!!"The!World!Factbook:!MONGOLIA."!Central!Intelligence!Agency.!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!n.d.!Web.!27!Nov.!2016.!!"Mongolia:Ageing!and!Health."!World!Health!Organization,!n.d.!Web.!27!Nov.!2016.!
!"China!vs.!Mongolia."!China!vs.!Mongolia!:!Country!Comparison.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!27!Nov.!2016.!!"Mongolia!:!Population."!Mongolia!:!Population.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!27!Nov.!2016.!!"Migration!in!the!Asia:Pacific!Region."!Migrationpolicy.org.!N.p.,!21!Mar.!2014.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!Emmers,!Ralf.!The!Securitization!of!Transnational.!Working!paper.!Singapore:!Institute!of!Defense!and!Strategic!Studies,!2002.!Print.!Christopher.elkhazen.!"United!Nations!Office!on!Drugs!and!Crime."!UNODC!and!Mongolia!to!Increase!Cooperation!in!Fight!against!Crime!and!Drugs!in!East!and!Central!Asia.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!"Mongolia!to!Forge!Closer!Relationship!with!ASEAN."!Tempo.Co.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!"Why!ASEAN!Is!Mongolia's!Best!Chance!For!A!Prosperous!Future."!Why!ASEAN!Is!Mongolia's!Best!!Chance!For!A!Prosperous!Future!Economy!Watch.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!"Remarks!by!Beate!Trankmann:!Launching!and!Handover!of!Mongolia's!2030!Sustainable!Development!Vision."!UNDP!in!Mongolia.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!"Mongolia!Strikes!a!Balance!between!Development!and!Environmental!Protection."!World!Bank.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!"Population!Living!in!Slums,!(%!of!Urban!Population)."!Population!Living!in!Slums,!(%!of!Urban!Population)!Data.!N.p.,!n.d.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!@AHI_tweets.!"The!Race!against!Winter!in!the!Slums!of!Ulaanbaatar."!Affordable!Housing!Institute!:!Global!Blog.!N.p.,!06!Aug.!2014.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!@Asia_Foundation.!"Water!Scarcity!a!Threat!to!Mongolia's!Sustainable!Development!:!The!Asia!Foundation."!The!Asia!Foundation.!N.p.,!03!Apr.!2016.!Web.!28!Nov.!2016.!!
Name:!Kerry!Regis!Delegation:!St.!Joseph!High!School!Metuchen-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Myanmar!!!!!!Part!I!>!Country!Information!!The!Republic!of!the!Union!of!Myanmar!is!parliamentary!republic!located!in!Southeastern!Asia!bordering!the!Andaman!Sea!and!the!Bay!of!Bengal,!between!Bangladesh!and!Thailand.!It!is!a!country!slightly!smaller!than!Texas!with!a!population!of!66,231,000!people.!Ethically,!approximately!68%!of!the!people!are!Burman,!9%!are!Shan,!7%!are!Karen,!4%!are!Rakhine,!3%!are!Chinese,!2%!are!Indian,!2%!are!Mon,!and!5%!are!other!ethnicities.!Religiously,!approximately!87.9%!are!Buddhist,!6.2%!are!Christian,!4.3%!are!Muslim,!0.8%!are!Animist,!0.5%!are!Hindu,!0.2%!believe!in!other!religions,!and!0.1%!don't!believe!in!a!religion.!Economically,!Myanmar!has!had!a!GDP!of!approximately!$60.294!billion!and!has!attracted!foreign!investment!in!the!energy!sector,!garment!industry,!information!technology,!and!food!and!beverages!through!its!abundant!natural!resources,!young!labor!force,!and!proximity!to!Asia's!dynamic!economies.!Although!it!has!made!economic!improvements,!Myanmar!living!standards!have!not!improved!for!a!majority!of!people!living!in!rural!areas!and!remains!one!of!the!poorest!countries!in!Asia,!with!26%!of!the!population!living!in!poverty.!Myanmar!is!also!part!of!many!international!organizations!including!the!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!(ASEAN)!and!International!Organization!for!Migration!(IOM).!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I>!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Myanmar!has!population!of!66,231,000!people!and!is!growing!at!a!rate!of!1%.!Approximately!36.18!million!of!the!population!are!in!the!labor!force!with!70%!of!the!labor!force!working!in!agriculture>related!jobs!and!the!unemployment!rate!at!5%.!The!birth!rate!in!Myanmar!is!18.2!births!out!of!1,000!people!and!the!death!rate!is!7.9!deaths!out!of!1,000!people.!Although!birth!rate!is!double!over!the!death!rate,!AIDS!plays!a!major!role!in!affecting!the!population.!The!effects!of!AIDS!results!in!lower!life!expectancy,!higher!infant!mortality,!higher!death!rates,!lower!population!growth!rates,!and!changes!in!the!distribution!of!population!by!age!and!sex.!In!the!state!of!Rakhine!in!Myanmar,!Rohingya!refugees!were!stripped!of!their!citizenship!by!the!1982!Citizenship!Law!of!Myanmar!which!has!rendered!the!refugees!and!stateless!and!became!subject!to!discrimination!for!many!years.!This!lead!to!the!refugees!fleeing!from!their!homes!in!Myanmar!to!find!new!homes!in!neighboring!Southeast!Asian!countries.!!!!!Myanmar's!labor!force!consists!of!70%!of!the!force!in!agriculture>related!jobs.!Myanmar!wants!to!work!with!ASEAN!so!that!people!who!have!low!paying!jobs!or!are!unemployed!to!be!educated!so!they!can!get!high>paying!jobs.!Myanmar's!1982!Citizenship!Law!has!led!to!
the!discrimination!of!Rohingya!refugees!for!many!years!and!has!led!them!to!flee!from!their!homes!in!Rakhine!to!Myanmar's!neighboring!countries.!Myanmar!calls!for!ASEAN!to!help!so!that!Myanmar!can!repeal!the!1982!Citizenship!Law!and!end!disputes!with!and!the!persecution!and!discrimination!of!the!Rohingya!refugees.!!!!Myanmar!hopes!to!work!with!other!countries!in!order!to!resolve!issues!with!employment!and!discrimination.!Myanmar!would!like!to!work!with!countries!such!as!India!to!help!people!get!better!jobs.!Myanmar!would!also!like!to!work!with!its!neighboring!countries!to!help!the!refugees!find!homes!and!end!discrimination!and!persecution.!!!Topic!II!>!Transnational!Crime!!Myanmar!is!one!of!the!countries!that!has!a!low!level!of!criminal!justice!and!has!insufficient!resources!to!combat!against!crime.!Myanmar!is!considered!to!be!the!world's!third!largest!producer!of!opium!with!a!production!of!approximately!690!metric!tons!and!has!also!cultivated!about!51,000!hectares!of!opium!poppy!in!2012.!The!opium!produced!in!Myanmar!is!then!shipped!off!to!Nagaland,!Manipur,!and!Mizoram!in!northeastern!India!and!then!shipped!across!the!rest!of!the!Indian!subcontinent.!Myanmar's!overall!antidrug!effort!hinders!because!of!the!government's!lacking!of!will!to!take!on!major!drug!trafficking!groups.!Myanmar!is!also!a!source!country!for!trafficking!of!people!for!the!purpose!of!forced!labor!and!women!and!children!subjected!to!sex!trafficking.!Myanmar!has!put!person!trafficking!as!Tier!2!but!is!still!making!significant!effort!to!do!eliminate!trafficking.!However,!law!enforcement!has!investigated!and!prosecuted!cross>border!trafficking!offenses!and!did!little!to!address!domestic!trafficking.!Civilian!and!government!were!not!prosecuted!for!recruiting!child!soldiers!and!this!is!seen!as!a!serious!problem!influenced!by!the!military.!!!Myanmar's!government!hasn't!made!any!significant!efforts!to!resolve!the!drug!and!person!trafficking!within!itself.!Although!Myanmar!has!made!little!progress!to!eliminate!trafficking,!trafficking!is!still!widespread!throughout!the!country!and!especially!in!its!neighboring!countries.!In!order!to!resolve!this!issue,!Myanmar!wants!to!work!together!with!the!ASEAN!committee!to!help!stop!prevent!illegal!drug!trafficking!and!the!trafficking!of!people,!politically!or!militarily!if!necessary.!!!!Myanmar!wants!to!resolve!its!issue!of!transnational!crime!by!stopping!drug!trafficking!and!the!trafficking!of!people.!Myanmar!would!like!to!work!together!with!countries!such!as!India,!Thailand,!China!since!transnational!crime!seems!to!be!their!concerns!as!well.!!!!Topic!III!>!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!The!urban!population!consists!of!34.1%!of!the!total!population!in!Myanmar!and!the!rate!of!urbanization!is!a!2.49%!annual!rate!of!change.!In!2014,!President!Mr.!U!Thein!Sein!emphasized!urban!development!and!housing!as!the!government's!main!priority!to!develop.!Each!year,!approximately!330,000!people!move!to!Myanmar's!capital,!Yangon!yet!most!of!
the!newcomers!find!themselves!living!in!slums!or!small,!poorly>maintained!apartment!blocks.!By!2035,!approximately!10!million!people!will!be!living!in!Yangon.!The!Department!of!Urban!and!Housing!Development!is!working!to!establish!a!housing!policy,!development!strategy!and!affordable!housing!program.!Myanmar!also!has!land!issues!since!the!Japan!International!Cooperation!Agency!and!the!Yangon!Authorities!discovered!in!2012!that!agricultural!land!covered!51%!of!the!city's!area!and!31%!of!Yangon!were!urbanized!areas.!There!is!also!confusion!on!who!owns!certain!parts!of!the!land!which!increases!the!risk!of!disputes!within!Yangon.!!!!Myanmar!wants!to!work!with!ASEAN!to!help!improve!the!slums!and!poorly!maintained!apartments!for!the!newcomers!to!live!in!comfortably.!Myanmar!calls!ASEAN!to!help!end!conflict!and!disputes!over!ownership!of!land!so!that!the!newcomers!can!live!in!a!safe!environment.!Myanmar!also!wants!to!propose!new!urbanization!policies!so!that!the!government!can!work!to!improve!the!cities!properly!and!financially.!!!!Myanmar!wants!improve!its!land!and!slums!so!that!new!people!can!find!homes!for!their!families.!Myanmar!hopes!to!work!with!India,!China,!and!Thailand!to!help!improve!cities!and!promote!urbanization.!Myanmar!wants!to!work!with!other!countries!and!ASEAN!to!settle!land!disputes!and!balance!the!use!of!land!for!agriculture!and!urbanization.!!!!Work!Cited:!!"Housing!demand!driven!up!by!Myanmar's!growing!population"!www.oxfordbusinessgroup.org.mm.!Oxford!Business!Group,!24!February!2016.!Web.!29!November!2016.!!<https://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/analysis/affordable>housing>yangon's>rapidly>growing>population>driving>demand>low>cost>housing>!!Mayerhofer,!Julia.!"Refugees!and!Maritime!Movement!in!Southeast!Asia!2015."!www.boell.de.!Heinrich!Boll!Stiftung,!23!November!2015.!Web.!30!November!2016.!<https://www.boell.de/en/2015/11/23/refugees>and>maritime>movement>southeast>asia>2015>!!Shah,!Riddhi.!"An!'ASEAN!Way'!of!Combating!Transnational!Crime."!www.sspconline.org.!Society!for!the!Study!of!Peace!and!Conflict,!23!February!2013.!Web.!28!November!2016.!!<http://www.sspconline.org/issuebrief/AnASEANWayofCombatingTransnationalCrime>!!!"The!World!Factbook!>!East!and!Southeast!Asia:!Burma."!www.cia.gov.!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!10!November!2016.!Web.!28!November!2016.!<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the>world>factbook/geos/bm.html>!!"Urban!Development!and!Housing!High!on!the!Government's!Development!Agenda!in!Myanmar."!unhabit.org.mm.!UN>Habitat,!2014.!Web.!29!November!2016.!<http://unhabitat.org.mm/news/transformation>of>urban>!!management>in>myanmar/urban>development>and>housing>hits>high>in>the>governments>development>agenda>in>myanmar/>!
Name:!Alexandra!Campos!Delegation:!Hunterdon!Central!High!School-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-New!Zealand!!!!!!Part!I!=!Country!Information!!New!Zealand!is!an!island!nation!in!the!southwestern!Pacific!Ocean.!The!country!geographically!comprises!two!main!landmasses=that!of!the!North!Island!and!the!South!Island,!and!numerous!smaller!islands.!The!country!is!situated!some!1,500!kilometres!east!of!Australia!across!the!Tasman!Sea!and!roughly!1,000!kilometres!south!of!the!Pacific!island!areas!of!New!Caledonia,!Fiji,!and!Tonga.!Because!of!its!remoteness,!it!was!one!of!the!last!lands!to!be!settled!by!humans.!New!Zealand's!capital!is!Wellington,!while!its!most!occupied!is!Auckland.!!!New!Zealand!is!a!high=income!economy!and!ranks!highly!in!international!comparisons!of!national!performance,!such!as!health,!education,!economic!freedom!and!quality!of!life.!It!is!a!constitutional!monarchy!with!a!parliamentary!democracy,!although!its!constitution!is!not!codified.!Nationally,!legislative!authority!is!vested!in!an!elected,!unicameral!Parliament,!while!executive!political!power!is!exercised!by!the!Cabinet,!led!by!the!Prime!Minister,!who!is!currently!John!Key.!Queen!Elizabeth!II!is!the!country's!head!of!state!and!is!represented!by!a!governor=general.!!!New!Zealand!is!long!and!narrow,!over!1,600!kilometers!along!its!north=north=east!axis!with!a!maximum!width!of!400!kilometers,!with!about!15,000!km!of!coastline.!Because!of!its!far=flung!outlying!islands!and!long!coastline,!the!country!has!extensive!marine!resources,!its!exclusive!economic!zone!is!one!of!the!largest!in!the!world,!covering!more!than!15!times!its!land!area.!New!Zealand!is!part!of!Australasia!and!Oceania.!The!term!Oceania!is!often!used!to!denote!the!region!encompassing!the!Australian!continent,!New!Zealand!and!various!islands!in!the!Pacific!Ocean!that!are!not!included!in!the!seven=continent!model.!!!The!country!was!a!founding!member!of!the!United!Nations!in!1945.!Since!the!defeat!of!the!Royal!Navy!during!World!War!II!it!became!clear!that!Britain!was!no!longer!able!to!protect!New!Zealand!so!the!government!decided!that!a!policy!of!independent!relations!with!a!group!of!strong!powers!was!the!best!way!to!defend!New!Zealand.!It!participates!in!the!UN,!WTO,!IMF,!OECD,!APEC,!and!is!a!'dialogue!partner'!for!ASEAN.!!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I=!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!New!Zealand!is!home!to!4.5!million!people,!ranking!them!number!126!in!the!world!in!regards!to!the!most!populated!country.!Over!70%!of!the!population!are!European,!while!a!select!few!of!15%!are!Maori.!In!regards!to!religious!affiliation,!most!of!the!people!consider!
themselves!Christians,!while!the!rest!are!classified!as!various!affiliations.!The!population!rate!itself!is!growing!.8%!a!year,!considerably!lower!than!most!superpower!countries.!Most!of!the!population!is!urbanized,!statistics!stating!86%!of!the!people!reside!in!urban!areas.!Life!expectancy!for!New!Zealanders!in!2012!was!84!years!for!females,!and!80.2!years!for!males,!while!at!birth!it!is!forecasted!to!increase!from!80!years!to!85!years!in!2050!and!infant!mortality!is!expected!to!decline.!Based!on!recent!statistics,!unemployment!has!dropped!4.9%!in!September!of!2016,!however!the!overall!work!rate!is!at!a!high!70%,!which!very!well!outweighs!the!small!percentage!of!those!without!work.!There!are!few!cases!of!migration!in!the!country,!3!out!of!1000!immigrants!live!among!the!population.!!!!Topic!II!=!Transnational!Crime!!There!have!been!disputes!regarding!the!uncharted!territories!of!Antarctica.!The!Ross!Dependency,!a!region!of!Antarctica!defined!by!a!sector!originating!in!the!South!Pole,!is!New!Zealand's!territory!in!the!large!ice!continent.!The!Antarctic!treaty,!which!regulated!international!relations!regarding!the!continent,!entering!into!force!in!1961!and!having!53!parties!as!of!2016,!sets!aside!Antarctica!as!a!scientific!preserve,!establishes!freedom!of!scientific!investigation!and!bans!military!activity!on!that!continent.!Yet!the!territory!is!administered!by!the!Government!of!New!Zealand.!The!amount!of!landmass!claimed!is!not!large,!most!of!the!territory!extends!into!the!Ross!Sea.!This!claim!of!territory!was!an!action!against!the!Antarctic!treaty,!yet!the!country!still!has!a!hold!of!the!Ross!Dependency.!!!On!another!note,!New!Zealand's!drug!use!rate!is!rather!high.!This!drug!use!includes!84%!of!the!adult!population!(16=64)!consuming!alcohol!at!least!twice!a!week,!and!21%!describing!themselves!as!smokers.!In!regards!to!illicit!drug!use,!cannabis!remains!the!most!popular!illicit!drug!with!14.6%!of!adults!reporting!past!year!use!in!2007.!Far!fewer!adults!use!other!illicit!drugs!=!methamphetamine!use!sat!at!around!2%!in!2009,!and!ecstasy!use!at!around!2.6%3!in!2007.!!Young!people!in!New!Zealand!are!also!consumers!of!drugs,!in!spite!of!access!being!restricted!due!to!their!age,!or!the!drugs!legality.!32%!of!people!aged!under!18!report!drinking!alcohol!on!more!than!three!occasions!in!the!past!month,!18%!describe!themselves!as!current!smokers!and!24.8%!(of!16=17!year!olds)!report!using!cannabis!in!the!last!year.!Less!common,!but!highly!dangerous!drug!use!in!young!people!includes!volatile!substance!abuse!(or!huffing),!responsible!for!the!death!of!25!people!aged!under!17!in!the!last!ten!years.!It!also!includes!the!use!of!the!new!'legal!highs'!=!party!pills!and!synthetic!cannabis!which!are!causing!young!people!to!present!to!emergency!departments!and!treatment!clinics!with!severe!unwanted!effects.!!!Topic!III!=!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!As!mentioned!previously,!over!86%!of!the!population!live!in!towns!and!cities,!in!other!words,!Urbanized!areas.!Equipping!New!Zealand's!cities!to!face!challenges!such!as!housing!affordability,!changing!demographics,!and!climate!change!will!become!more!and!more!
important!as!the!population!grows.!To!make!cities!more!sustainable!new!developments!and!the!redevelopment!of!suburbs!and!town!centres!must!focus!on!using!land,!infrastructure!and!assets!more!effectively.!Intensifying!land!use!in!strategic!areas,!in!particular,!could!provide!New!Zealanders!with!more!housing!choices,!viable!public!transport!and!thriving!town!centres.!A!number!of!these!issues!could!be!addressed!through!improving!the!ways!that!the!community,!local!and!central!government,!service!and!utility!providers,!and!the!development!sector!work!together.!There!may!also!be!ways!to!improve!the!use!of!existing!tools!to!encourage!and!control!development.!We!can!also!increase!the!availability!of!urban!development!skills!in!New!Zealand,!up=skill!and!support!urban!development!practitioners,!and!better!monitor!sustainable!urban!development!progress!and!issues.!!!Work!Cited:!!http://asean.org/asean/about=asean/overview/!!!https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the=world=factbook/geos/nz.html!!!http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/income=and=work/employment_and_unemployment/LabourMarketStatistics_HOTPSep16qtr.aspx!!!http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=11754040!!!https://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Resource=material=Sustainable=Urban=Development=Index?OpenDocument!!
Name:!Regina!Fairbanks!Delegation:!Marple!Newtown-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-North!Korea!!!!!!Part!I!=!Country!Information!!The!Democratic!People's!Republic!of!Korea,!more!commonly!referred!to!as!North!Korea,!borders!Russia,!China,!and!South!Korea.!North!Korea's!geographic!size!is!comparable!to!most!other!countries!in!Southeast!Asia!but!is!greatly!dwarfed!by!the!neighboring!China.!Its!population!of!about!26!million!is!approximately!half!that!of!South!Korea's,!but!is!average!when!compared!to!other!Asian!countries.!Although!originally!claiming!to!follow!a!communist!model,!North!Korea!has!developed!its!own!concept!of!"juche",!a!political!ideology!that!translates!to!"self=reliance".!North!Korea!steadfastly!defends!its!sovereignty!and!usually!refuses!the!aid!or!interference!of!other!countries!into!their!internal!affairs,!despite!receiving!large!amounts!of!aid!from!South!Korea!and!other!countries.!In!support!of!this!ideology,!North!Korea!has!created!the!largest!military!in!the!world!and!participates!the!development!of!nuclear!weapons.!Furthermore,!the!one=party!government,!led!by!Kim!Jong=Un!II!often!ignores!the!needs!of!the!people,!strictly!punishes!enemies!of!the!state,!and!has!been!responsible!for!famines!that!led!to!the!death!of!millions!of!their!own!citizens.!Although!the!government!does!not!release!official!trade!statistics!,!assumedly!because!they!are!protecting!their!image!of!self=reliance,!and!because!they!are!limited!with!strict!sanctions,!North!Korea!does!participate!in!trade.!About!Œì√†√∂!of!its!trade!is!with!China,!and!trades!to!a!smaller!amount!with!South!Korea,!India,!and!various!countries!in!the!EU.!North!Korea's!economy!is!incredibly!weak!and!its!main!economic!activities!stems!from!its!large!amount!of!government!spending!on!the!military!industry.!Other!products!include!metallurgical!goods,!textiles,!agricultural!and!fishery!products.!Overall,!North!Korea!has!poor!relations!with!almost!all!countries,!weak!economic!growth,!and!a!myriad!of!human!rights!problems.!!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I=!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Although!it!is!difficult!to!obtain!accurate!statistics!about!North!Korea's!population!and!demographics!due!to!extreme!state!secrecy,!the!most!reports!indicate!that!there!are!about!25!million!people!living!in!North!Korea.!Considering!this,!the!population!could!have!been!higher!if!approximately!3!million!people!hadn't!died!due!to!a!famine!caused!by!floods!that!destroyed!much!of!North!Korea's!farmland!in!the!1990's.!The!lack!of!efficiency!as!a!result!of!government!corruption,!excessively!large!military!spendings,!and!sanctions!by!other!countries!leads!to!a!significant!lack!of!food!in!the!country!at!most!times.!Furthermore,!North!Korea!consistently!refuses!almost!all!foreign!aid!including!food.!These!leads!to!undernutrition!and!the!aforementioned!famine!in!times!of!crisis.!In!the!past,!North!Korea!used!the!Public!Distribution!System!to!partition!food!but!this!system!collapsed!during!the!
famine.!Overall,!due!to!the!slow!economic!growth!as!a!result!of!the!Juche!and!isolationist!ideology,!North!Korea!has!a!slow!but!stable!population!growth!at!about!.53%!although!this!is!about!the!same!as!South!Korea's!growth.!Its!total!fertility!rate,!however,!was!estimated!to!be!about!2.00!in!2008!which!is!just!below!replacement!level,!indicating!a!future!slowing!or!lack!of!population!growth.!North!Korea's!permanent!stance,!despite!the!inability!to!sustain!its!population!particularly!during!poor!harvest!years,!is!for!self=reliance.!Even!if!countries!offered!aid!and!trade!deals,!North!Korea!would!refuse!the!help!of!other!countries!due!to!its!strict!adherence!to!the!Juche!ideology.!It!should!be!noted!that!unlike!other!countries,!North!Korea!does!not!have!a!significant!aging!population!and!although!there!are!slightly!smaller!youth!populations!than!middle!aged!populations,!the!future!of!the!aging!generations!is!not!a!concern.!About!44%!of!North!Korea's!population!is!of!working!age!(25=54)!and!thus!represents!the!majority!of!DPRK's!labor!force.!This!large!but!sustainable!proportion!supports!the!economy!but!the!juche!ideology!nevertheless!holds!growth!back.!North!Korea!does!not!participate!in!migration!due!to!strict!border!controls.!Occasional!escapes!out!of!North!Korea!do!occur,!but!recent!efforts!have!decreased!the!amount!of!people!who!successfully!escape.!In!the!past,!a!small!Chinese!and!Japanese!population!emigrated!and!are!still!present!although!they!have!been!thoroughly!integrated.!!!!North!Korea,!subscribing!to!its!isolationist!ideology,!rejects!the!interference!of!other!countries!in!their!demographic!and!population!legislation!and!regulation.!The!DPRK!would!like!to!make!all!other!countries!aware!that!it!provides!ample!food!and!nutrition!to!all!of!its!citizens!and!that!no!other!country!need!offer!aid!or!interfere!in!its!activities!and!any!attempt!to!do!so!will!result!in!military!action.!North!Korea!would!also!like!other!countries!to!protect!their!borders!more!thoroughly!in!order!to!prevent!their!citizens!from!entering!illegally!into!our!country!and!in!cooperating!with!North!Korea!by!capturing!and!returning!deserters.!The!leader,!Kim!Jong=il!supports!a!higher!birth!rate!in!order!to!increase!the!country's!population.!Any!country!that!wishes!to!be!self=reliant,!which!is!the!ideal!and!best!state!of!a!country!according!to!the!DPRK!government,!should!strive!to!achieve!a!large!population!in!order!to!support!the!labor!force.!North!Korea!suggests!achieving!a!high!birthrate!by!banning!abortions!and!all!birth!control!devices,!similar!to!legislation!in!its!own!country!and!communist!countries!in!the!past,!in!order!to!increase!the!number!of!pregnancies.!Unlike!in!the!past,!North!Korea!does!not!believe!that!government!or!family!mandated!arranged!marriages!promote!a!high!birth!rate!and!therefore!suggests!that,!like!North!Korea,!other!countries!cease!in!these!activities.!!!!North!Korea!needs!no!assistance!in!achieving!any!of!its!goals.!However,!it!would!cooperate!with!China!in!order!to!strengthen!border!controls!to!further!prevent!migration!if!China!would!remove!its!sanctions!against!North!Korea.!Overall,!the!DPRK!tends!to!avoid!most,!if!not!all,!diplomatic!relations.!Some!countries,!such!as!South!Korea!and!Singapore,!both!of!which!have!sanctions!against!North!Korea,!and!the!UN!itself!would!disagree!with!North!Korea's!claims!that!it!can!maintain!self=reliance!and!support!its!population.!However,!North!Korea!avoids!the!assistance!of!other!countries!and!would!not!probably!act!belligerently!if!efforts!were!made!that!interfered!with!DPRK's!current!policies.!!!!
Topic!II!=!Transnational!Crime!!The!North!Korean!government!itself!has!been!reported!to!partake!in!transnational!crime,!including!those!pertaining!to!the!production!and!trafficking!of!drugs,!human!trafficking,!and!human!labor!exploitation,!all!of!which!are!currently!particularly!important!issues!throughout!the!Asian!continent.!However,!there!is!much!international!debate!about!the!extent!to!which!the!government!itself!is!involved!in!these!crimes.!Most!generally!agree,!though,!that!much!of!the!government!involvement!concerns!drugs,!that!the!government!owns!transportation!vessels!and!means!of!production,!and!that!the!level!of!government!involvement!has!increased!since!the!economic!collapse!and!famine!of!the!1990's.!Some!research!indicating!that!about!35%!of!the!methamphetamine!products!seized!in!Japan!originated!in!North!Korea,!indicating!the!extent!to!which!North!Korea's!illicit!drug!issue!impacts!other!Asian!nations.!However,!perhaps!due!to!political!reasons,!China!refuses!to!acknowledge!North!Korea!as!a!source!of!illegal!drugs!and!refers!to!drugs!of!DPRK!origin!as!from!an!unknown!country.!In!addition,!the!North!Korean!government!sponsors!and!maintains!ties!with!large!amounts!of!criminal!groups!who!create!counterfeit!money.!Although!most!of!this!counterfeit!money!is!of!United!States!currency,!there!are!still!huge!economic!impacts!and!repercussions!on!Asians!states,!particularly!China,!due!to!their!large!holdings!in!the!United!States.!North!Korea!is!largely!a!source!country!for!human!trafficking!into!sexual!and!labor!exploitation.!Often!women!and!young!girls!are!trafficked!or!escape!to!China!and!are!either!sold!as!brides,!forced!into!prostitution,!or!exploited!in!essentially!slave=like!labor!situations.!Because!there!are!no!means!to!learning!Chinese!in!the!DPRK,!these!escaped!North!Koreans!do!not!speak!Chinese!and!can!be!held!essentially!as!prisoners.!Some!DPRK!citizens!are!trafficked!to!countries!in!the!European!Union!and!forced!into!labor.!The!earnings!of!their!efforts!are!sent!to!the!North!Korean!government!in!an!effort!to!ease!the!economic!hardships!of!the!country.!Some!efforts!suggest!that!up!to!10,000!to!15,000!North!Koreans!are!currently!laboring!in!foreign!countries!on!behalf!of!the!DPRK.!Although!this!is!a!relatively!small!amount!compared!to!the!population!of!the!country,!it!is!still!a!rather!large!violation!of!human!rights!that!other!countries!willingly!participate!in.!However,!it!appears!as!if!these!participatory!countries!are!limited!to!EU!and!AU!states.!Overall,!the!main!concern!for!the!UN!should!be!the!DPRK!government's!significant!involvement!in!transnational!crime!and!their!unwillingness!to!cease!their!support!for!the!rampant!criminal!networks!in!their!country.!!!North!Korea!would!not!support!any!efforts!that!would!limit!their!ability!to!partake!in!the!illicit!trade!of!drugs,!money!laundering,!human!trafficking,!or!any!of!the!other!multitude!of!criminal!activities!that!the!government!itself!partakes!in.!Not!only!would!North!Korea!!deny!its!involvement!in!these!activities!and!refuse!interference!on!the!basis!of!its!self=reliance,!but!it!would!also!be!unwilling!to!lose!such!a!significant!amount!of!profit!from!these!sources.!Due!to!the!limited!economic!growth!and!lopsided!production!of!military!weapons,!drug!production!and!trade!as!well!as!money!counterfeiting!support!the!economy!in!a!way!that!might!lead!to!collapse!should!they!be!removed.!The!government!would!be!unwilling!to!lose!such!a!profit.!Furthermore,!due!to!its!own!tight!border!controls!of!imports!and!exports,!North!Korea!would!have!nothing!to!gain!from!any!efforts!to!limit!human!and!drug!trafficking!limitations.!!
Considering!the!huge!impact!the!criminal!activities!of!the!North!Korean!government!and!crime!networks!has!on!other!countries,!it!is!probably!that!they!would!want!to!take!specific!action!to!stop!these!crimes!deriving!from!North!Korea!specifically.!However,!as!discussed!previously,!countries!such!as!China!seem!to!cover!up!their!knowledge!of!North!Korean!transnational!crime!and!possibly!might!be!unwilling!to!take!action!despite!the!negative!consequences!upon!their!own!countries.!Additionally,!human!and!drug!trafficking!into!China!is!profitable!so!they!might!be!reluctant!to!work!to!stop!it.!Furthermore,!it!is!possible!that!the!governments!of!other!countries!might!be!partaking!in!similar!activities!although!this!is!most!likely!limited!to!countries!in!South!America.!Countries!such!as!Japan!and!South!Korea,!both!of!which!experience!problems!with!North!Korean!derived!drug!trade,!would!most!likely!wish!to!create!resolutions!that!would!combat!this!issue.!!!Topic!III!=!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Approximately!60%!of!North!Korea's!population!lives!in!urban!areas,!much!of!which!is!concentrated!in!its!capital!Pyongyang.!This!figure!is!10%!less!than!that!of!its!neighboring!South!Korea,!although!North!Korea!does!have!a!higher!rate!of!urbanization!of!.75%.!However,!North!Korean!demographics!may!misrepresent!the!meaning!of!"urban"!by!defining!it!as!an!area!of!at!least!20,000!people!compared!to!South!Korea's!typical!definition!of!more!than!50,000!people.!The!government!attempts!to!maintain!relatively!even!proportions!of!rural!to!urban!population!in!order!to!ensure!that!enough!citizens!are!working!in!the!agriculture!industry!to!support!the!entire!population.!Additionally,!the!government!hopes!that!by!maintaining!this!evenness!that!they!can!supply!ample!and!adequate!housing!to!their!citizens!rather!than!attempting!to!maintain!overpopulated!urban!areas.!Although!statistics!about!income!and!inequality!have!never!been!officially!release!by!North!Korean!officials,!defectors!have!estimated!that!there!are!large!amount!so!income!inequalities!within!the!state.!With!an!estimated!Gini!coefficient,!where!1!represents!the!most!unequal,!of!up!to!.85!for!the!DPRK,!there!is!obviously!a!huge!discrepancy!concerning!DPRK!citizens!and!their!level!of!income.!Although!having!been!relatively!small!several!decades!ago,!the!gap!between!incomes!of!various!economic!classes!has!been!rapidly!growing!in!recent!years.!This!is!most!likely!due!to!government!corruption!and!control!of!all!means!of!production,!leading!to!their!deliberate!unequal!distribution!of!wealth.!With!reports!of!extravagant!government!spending!on!luxury!items!and!their!well=known!high!defense!budget,!it's!rather!appalling!that!they!allow!their!citizens!to!live!in!unideal!states!and!with!low!income!levels.!It!appears!as!if!the!government!has!no!intention!of!alleviating!this!issue.!North!Koreans!are!usually!very!proud!of!the!large!improvements!of!housing,!which!are!provided!free!of!charge!to!all!workers!by!their!working!unit,!that!have!occurred!since!the!Korean!War.!However,!despite!these!large!improvements!and!the!ample!supply!of!housing,!most!of!these!apartments!and!provided!living!spaces!are!in!poor!condition.!Walls!are!reportedly!cracked!and!outlets!are!defective.!The!nicer,!well!kept!accommodations!that!are!reserved!for!the!wealthy!and!government!officials!are!hidden!from!ordinary!citizens.!As!a!result,!there!are!limited!complaints!about!the!housing!most!likely!due!to!these!government!efforts!to!hide!the!existence!of!housing!discrimination.!Recent!flooding!in!September!of!this!year!has!left!at!least!one!hundred!thousand!citizens!homeless.!In!general,!though,!there!appears!to!be!limited!homelessness!in!North!Korea.!
As!usual,!North!Korea!denies!any!problems!or!concerns!with!any!of!their!issues.!However,!they!would!suggest!to!other!states!that!the!government!should!provide!state!housing!to!all!individuals!such!as!what!occurs!in!North!Korea.!Apartments!are!relatively!affordable!to!construct!and!can!house!large!amounts!of!people!in!safe,!comfortable!homes.!State!provided!housing!could!help!countries!such!as!India!and!Bangladesh!which!have!large!and!growing!amounts!of!urban!homeless!people.!Although!North!Korea!would!not!be!willing!to!help!sponsor!any!of!these!state!provided!housing,!the!DPRK!would!offer!to!provide!the!expertise!of!their!government!to!plan!and!construct!these!buildings!to!demonstrate!their!huge!successes!and!abilities!all!based!upon!their!methods!of!self!reliance.!However,!it!is!clear!that!the!DPRK!government!is!incapable!of!providing!adequately!modern!housing!for!their!citizens,!particularly!in!urban!areas.!Additionally,!North!Korea!would!also!recommend!that!other!governments!maintain!low!levels!of!urban!population!by!requiring!government!mandated!proportions!of!rural!and!urban!populations!in!order!to!combat!the!problems!of!urban!slums!and!wildly!growing!urban!populations!in!other!countries.!!Other!countries!such!as!Japan,!which!provide!high!levels!of!government!involvement!in!urban!development!and!planning,!would!agree!with!North!Korea!that!government!intervention!in!these!area!could!help!other!countries.!However,!most!other!countries!would!disagree!that!state!mandated!and!provided!housing!would!be!plausible!or!even!ideal.!Some!countries!may!wish!to!intervene!in!North!Korea!by!attempting!to!provide!humanitarian!efforts!to!improve!the!housing!conditions!of!North!Korean!citizens,!but!this!would!be!rejected.!!!Work!Cited:!!"Juche!Ideology."!Official!Webpage!of!DPR!of!Korea.!Korean!Friendship!Association,!2011.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.korea=dpr.com/>.!!"North!Korean!Foreign!Minister!to!Attend!ASEAN!Regional!Forum!in!Laos."!Sputnik!International.!Sputnik,!23!July!2016.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<https://sputniknews.com/politics/201607231043509094=norh=korea=asean=forum/>.!!"The!World!Factbook:!KOREA,!NORTH."!Central!Intelligence!Agency.!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!10!Nov.!2016.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the=world=factbook/geos/kn.html>.!!Cullinane,!Susannah.!"How!Does!North!Korea!Make!Its!Money?"!CNN.!Cable!News!Network,!9!Apr.!2013.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/09/business/north=korea=economy=explainer/>.!!Walters,!Joanna.!"'They!Are!Intentionally!Starved!and!Worked!to!Death':!The!Horrific!Conditions!in!North!Korean!Labor!Camps."!Business!Insider.!Business!Insider,!18!Mar.!2016.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.businessinsider.com/they=are=intentionally=starved=and=worked=to=death=the=horrific=conditions=in=north=korean=labor=camps=2016=3>.!
!Scholte,!Suzanne.!"North!Korea!Under!Communism!1948=2014."!Victims!of!Communism.!Victims!of!Communism!Memorial!Foundation,!n.d.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<http://victimsofcommunism.org/north=korea=under=communism=1948=2014/>.!!Haub,!Carl.!"North!Korea!Census!Reveals!Poor!Demographic!and!Health!Conditions."!Population!Reference!Bureau.!Population!Reference!Bureau,!Dec.!2010.!Web.!01!Dec.!2016.!<http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2010/northkorea=population.aspx>.!!WITW!Staff.!"North!Korea!Reportedly!Bans!IUD!Implantation!and!Abortion."!Women!in!the!World!Media.!NY!Times,!16!Oct.!2015.!Web.!25!Nov.!2016.!<http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2015/10/16/north=korea=reportedly=bans=iud=implantation=and=abortion/>.!!Anonymous!Defector.!"North!Korea's!Marriage!Culture."!North!Korea!Strategy!Center.!Trans.!Natalie!Grant.!North!Korea!Strategy!Center,!4!Aug.!2014.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<http://en.nksc.co.kr/our=work/leadership=development/eyes=pyongyang/marriageculture/>.!!Roth,!Richard,!Holly!Yan,!and!Ralphis!Ellis.!"North!Korea!Hit!with!Tough!Sanctions!by!U.N."!CNN.!Cable!News!Network,!3!Mar.!2016.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/02/world/un=north=korea=sanctions=vote/>.!!Zhang,!Yong=an.!"Drug!Trafficking!from!North!Korea:!Implications!for!Chinese!Policy."!Brookings.!Brookings,!28!July!2016.!Web.!24!Nov.!2016.!<https://www.brookings.edu/articles/drug=trafficking=from=north=korea=implications=for=chinese=policy/>.!!Patt,!Martin.!"Human!Trafficking!&!Modern=day!Slavery!=!DPRK!(North!Korea)."!Human!Trafficking.!GVNet,!2009.!Web.!23!Nov.!2016.!<http://gvnet.com/humantrafficking/NorthKorea.htm>.!!Demick,!Barbara.!"North!Korea!Exporting!Workers!into!Lives!of!Slavery."!The!Seattle!Times.!The!Seattle!Times,!27!Dec.!2005.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.seattletimes.com/nation=world/north=korea=exporting=workers=into=lives=of=slavery/>.!!Roberton,!Jeffrey.!"North!Korea!and!Non=traditional!Security!Challenges."!Parliament!of!Australia.!Parliament!of!Australia,!19!Feb.!2013.!Web.!30!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp0910/10rp02#_Toc235850034>.!!"Housing!in!North!Korea."!Housing!Around!the!World.!Teoalida!Website,!26!Aug.!2012.!Web.!21!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.teoalida.com/world/northkorea/>.!!!
Noland,!Marcus.!"The!Distribution!of!Income!in!North!Korea."!PIIE.!Peterson!Institute!for!International!Economics,!07!June!2016.!Web.!11!Nov.!2016.!<https://piie.com/blogs/north=korea=witness=transformation/distribution=income=north=korea>.!!Feffer,!John.!"North!Korea's!3=Tiered!Society."!The!Diplomat.!The!Diplomat,!08!May!2015.!Web.!17!Nov.!2016.!<http://thediplomat.com/2015/05/north=koreas=3=tiered=society/>.!!Pike,!John.!"DPRK!Housing."!Global!Security=!Military.!Global!Security,!Web.!15!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/dprk/living=conditions=housing.htm>.!!Cone,!Allen.!"More!than!100,000!Homeless!in!North!Korean!Flooding."!UPI.!United!Press!International,!12!Sept.!2016.!Web.!15!Nov.!2016.!<http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World=News/2016/09/12/More=than=100000=homeless=in=North=Korean=flooding/6081473693848/>.!!!!!
Name:!Kushi!Kanda!Delegation:!Marlboro!High!School-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Pakistan!!!!!!Pakistan,!officially!the!Islamic!Republic!of!Pakistan,!is!a!federal!parliamentary!republic!in!South!Asia.!It!is!the!sixthBmost!populous!country!with!a!population!exceeding!200!million!people.!It!is!the!36th!largest!country!in!the!world!in!terms!of!area!with!an!area!covering!881,913!km2!(340,509!sq!mi).!Pakistan!has!a!1,046Bkilometre!(650!mi)!coastline!along!the!Arabian!Sea!and!the!Gulf!of!Oman!in!the!south!and!is!bordered!by!India!to!the!east,!Afghanistan!to!the!west,!Iran!to!the!southwest!and!China!in!the!far!northeast!respectively.!It!is!separated!from!Tajikistan!by!Afghanistan's!narrow!Wakhan!Corridor!in!the!north,!and!also!shares!a!maritime!border!with!Oman.!Pakistan!is!strategically!placed!as!it!straddles!the!Middle!East,!Central!Asia!and!South!Asia.!!Pakistan's!estimated!population!in!2015!is!over!191.71!million,!making!it!the!world's!sixthBmostBpopulous!country,!behind!Brazil!and!ahead!of!Nigeria.!During!1950B2011,!Pakistan's!urban!population!expanded!over!sevenfold,!while!the!total!population!increased!by!over!fourfold.!In!the!past,!the!country's!population!had!a!relatively!high!growth!rate!that!has!been!changed!by!moderate!birth!rates.!In!2014,!the!population!growth!rate!stands!at!1.49%.!!Dramatic!social!changes!have!led!to!rapid!urbanization!and!the!emergence!of!megacities.!During!1990B2003,!Pakistan!sustained!its!historical!lead!as!the!secondBmost!urbanized!nation!in!South!Asia!with!city!dwellers!making!up!36%!of!its!population.!Furthermore,!50%!of!Pakistanis!now!reside!in!towns!of!5,000!people!or!more.!!Pakistan!has!a!multicultural!and!multiBethnic!society!and!hosts!one!of!the!largest!refugee!populations!in!the!world!as!well!as!a!young!population.!!The!Demographic!history!of!Pakistan!from!the!ancient!Indus!Valley!Civilization!to!modern!era!includes!the!arrival!and!settlement!of!many!cultures!and!ethnic!groups!in!modern!region!of!Pakistan!from!Central!Asia,!Middle!East!and!Europe.!!According!to!the!2009!Human!Development!Report!of!the!United!Nations!Development!Programme!(UNDP),!60.3%!of!Pakistanis!live!on!less!than!$2!a!day.!!Pakistan!is!geographically!vulnerable!to!drug!trafficking,!sharing!a!2,430kmBlong,!porous!border!with!Afghanistan,!the!world's!largest!producer!of!illicit!opium.!Cannabis!is!also!produced!in!large!quantities!in!the!subBregion,!most!of!the!cannabis!trafficked!in!the!region!also!originates!from!Afghanistan,!and!is!processed!in!the!inaccessible!areas!of!Pakistan's!FATA!region.!!The!ramifications!of!drug!processing!and!trafficking!are!felt!globally.!UNODC!estimates!that!Pakistan!is!now!the!destination!and!transit!country!for!approximately!40%!of!the!opiates!
produced!in!Afghanistan.!Most!processing!takes!place!in!small,!mobile!laboratories!in!the!AfghanBPakistan!border!areas!although!increasing!instances!of!processing!on!the!Afghan!border!with!the!Central!Asian!Republics!have!been!reported.!The!sub!region!itself!has!become!a!major!consumer!market!for!opiates.!Opiate!processing!on!both!sides!of!the!AfghanBPakistan!border!have!created!a!trafficking!and,!importantly!in!the!case!of!Pakistan,!a!drug!abuse!problem!since!the!early!1980s.!!Drug!abuse!and!addiction!problems!are!often!exacerbated!along!trafficking!routes.!Heroin!users!in!Pakistan!are!estimated!to!consume!20!tons!of!pure!heroin!annually.!Although!drug!use!in!Pakistan!is!a!known!B!and!likely!increasing!B!problem,!credible!research!into!use!and!the!distribution!of!drug!users!is!lacking.!The!last!assessment,!conducted!in!2006,!has!serious!flaws!and!almost!certainly!underestimated!the!problem.!It!is!difficult!to!gauge!accurately!the!impact!of!drug!trafficking!upon!drug!use!with!the!existing!body!of!research.!!!Work!Cited:!!n/a!!
Name:!Alexandra!Campos!Delegation:!Ocean!City!High!School-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Papa!New!Guinea!!!!!!Part!I!?!Country!Information!!The!Independent!State!of!Papua!New!Guinea!is!located!in!the!Eastern!half!of!the!island!of!New!Guinea!and!in!the!Southwestern!Pacific!area!North!of!Australia.!In!1884,!Papua!New!Guinea!was!discovered!in!the!world!when!Germany!created!the!German!New!Guinea!over!the!top!Northern!portion!of!the!island.!The!Southern!half!of!the!island!was!ruled!by!Britain!in!the!same!year!and!was!called!British!New!Guinea.!For!decades!the!two!nations!ruled!their!New!Guineas!in!peace.!In!1905!the!Papua!Act!was!passed!which!transferred!the!Guineas!to!the!Commonwealth!of!New!Guinea.!However!it!would!not!be!until!after!World!War!II!that!New!Guinea!would!gain!any!recognition!as!its!own!territory!and!eventually!country.!!The!capital!of!Papua!New!Guinea!is!Port!Moresby!and!this!tropical!South!Eastern!nation,!as!of!the!2011!census,!has!a!population!of!just!over!seven!million!fifty?nine!thousand!people.!The!country!is!exorbitantly!culturally!diverse!with!approximately!eight?hundred!fifty?two!different!languages.!The!State!is!one!of!the!most!naturally!dense!nations!in!the!world!with!only!eighteen!percent!of!its!total!population!living!in!an!urban!setting,!the!remaining!seventy?two!percent!reside!in!the!tropical!landscape!as!tribes!and!small!towns.!Many!Papua!New!Guineans!live!a!self!sustaining!natural!lifestyle!with!next!to!no!access!to!global!goods!or!capital.!!!Though!its!population!is!rather!small!and!is!classified!as!a!developing!economy,!it!annually!maintains!a!Gross!Domestic!Product!of!approximately!$19.823!billion.!The!growth!of!Papua!New!Guinea's!mining!industry!led!it!to!become!the!6th!fastest!growing!economy!in!the!world.!Other!economic!prospects!include:!Excavation!and!refinery!of!mineral!deposits,!export!crops,!palm!oil!production,!and!the!tuna!industry.!!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I?!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!The!agricultural,!mining/refining,!and!fishing!industries!are!the!3!most!profitable!industries!which!employ!a!majority!the!people!in!Papua!New!Guinea.!Though!the!mining!industry!is!extremely!lucrative,!it!only!amounts!to!a!little!more!than!5%!Papua!New!Guinea's!GDP.!The!agricultural!industry!on!the!other!hand!accounts!for!over!70%!of!their!GDP!and!unlike!the!mining!sector,!the!agricultural!sector!employs!the!vast!majority!of!New!Guineans!in!the!country.!The!Unemployment!rate!as!of!2015!was!2.5%!of!the!total!population!and!women!play!a!pivotal!part!in!the!work!force.!They!account!for!70%!of!the!labor!force!in!agriculture!and!approximately!47%!overall.!Overall,!the!labor!force!of!Papua!
New!Guinea!is!slowly!but!steadily!increasing!every!year!as!it!economy!gains!more!and!more!support!from!its!internal!exports!and!lucrative!mining!industry.!!!The!population!grows!at!an!annual!rate!of!2.1%!with!a!current!population!of!7.85!million!citizens.!A!majority!of!these!citizens!live!in!the!rural!sections!of!the!country!while!only!18%!of!the!country's!population!lives!in!an!urban!setting.!These!urban!settings!are!growing!slowly!with!the!new!industries!and!technological!advances!being!brought!to!PNG.!!!!PNG!can!be!seen!as!the!South!East!Asia's!melting!pot!of!languages!and!cultures.!With!over!820!indigenous!languages,!PNG's!culture!and!diversification!represents!12%!of!the!world's!total!languages.!The!four!main!languages!spoken!in!PNG!are!English,!Sign!Language,!Tok!Pisin,!and!Hiri!Motu!and!though!their!languages!may!vary,!a!2001!census!found!that!95.6%!of!citizens!identified!themselves!as!members!of!the!Christian!church.!!!In!contrast!to!their!cultural!diversity,!the!population's!overall!health!is!not!as!impressive!as!their!extensive!language!list.!Malaria!is!the!leading!cause!of!death!and!illness!amounting!to!over!seventy!thousand!cases!per!year.!Sadly,!Papua!New!Guinea!has!the!highest!incidence!of!HIV!and!AIDS!in!the!Pacific!region!and!is!considered!to!have!an!epidemic!due!to!the!lack!of!awareness!in!rural!areas.!!!Topic!II!?!Transnational!Crime!!Papua!New!Guinea,!like!other!South!Pacific!neighbours,!offers!a!conducive!and!fertile!environment!for!transnational!criminal!activities!to!thrive.!Law!enforcement!capacity!is!weak,!corruption!is!rife,!and!governance!is!poor!(McCusker!2006).!Moreover,!the!country's!booming!petroleum!and!minerals!sector!provide!opportunities!for!both!legal!and!illegal!businesses.Opportunities!for!business!and!employment!created!directly!and!indirectly!through!spin?off!businesses!by!this!sector!attracted!foreigners!who!sometimes!flout!immigration!laws!to!get!into!the!country.!Illegal!migration,!document!and!visa!fraud,!bribery!and!corrupting!officials,!human!smuggling,!prostitution,!and!money!laundering!(Post!Courier!23/03/2012;!TN!10/7/2012)!are!some!of!the!illegal!activities!attributed!to!the!booming!gas!and!mining!industry.!Trafficking!in!persons,!has!become!a!subject!of!growing!international!concern.!According!to!a!report!published!by!the!US!Department!of!State!in!2013,!Papua!New!Guinea!is!a!source!destination,!as!well!as!transit!country!for!men,!women,!and!children!subjected!to!sex!trafficking!and!forced!labour.!The!country!was!grouped!in!'Tier!3',!indicating!that!the!Papua!New!Guinea!government!does!not!comply!with!the!minimum!standards!and!is!not!making!significant!efforts!to!do!so!(US!Dept!of!State!2013).!Transnational!terrorism!is!not!common.!Outsiders!do!not!blend!in!well!into!PNG!culture;!therefore,!attack!planners!may!find!it!difficult!to!carry!out!an!attack.!!There!is!a!low!terrorism!rating.!!!!!
Work!Cited:!!Fiorentini,!G.!and!S.!Peltzman!1997.!The!Economics!of!Organised!Crime.!Cambridge!!University!Press.!McCusker,!R.!2006.!Transnational!Crime!in!the!Pacific!Islands:!Real!or!Apparent!Danger?!Trends!and!Issues!in!Crime!and!Criminal!Justice!2006/308.!Canberra:!Australian!Institute!of!Criminology.!Post!Courier!23/3/2012.!Filipinos!in!Visa!Racket!Arrested.!US!Department!of!State!2013.!Trafficking!in!Persons!Report!2013.!!http://ssgm.bellschool.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/2015?12/SSGM_IB_2014_27_Mitna_Print%26Web_0.pdf!!https://www.osac.gov/pages/ContentReportDetails.aspx?cid=17301!!
Name:!Chloe!Wilson!Delegation:!Council!Rock!South-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Saudi!Arabia!!!!!!The!kingdom!of!Saudi!Arabia!is!located!in!western!Asia!and!makes!up!most!of!the!Arabian!Peninsula.!Saudi!Arabia!is!an!absolute!monarchy!with!150!members!in!its!legislature!and!the!king!must!follow!Sharia!law.!There!are!no!political!parties!or!national!elections!because!they!are!both!prohibited.!Saudi!Arabia!has!a!slightly!low!unemployment!rate!and!its!economy!is!petroleum!based.!The!life!expectancy!is!76!years!for!women!and!73!years!for!men;!Saudi!Arabia!spends!very!little!money!on!military!expenses.!The!vast!majority!of!the!population!is!ethnically!Arab!and!nearly!all!Saudi!Arabians!are!Muslim.!!!The!demographic!trends!of!Saudi!Arabia!are!a!very!large!total!population!with!a!very!low!population!density;!it!has!a!population!growth!rate!nearly!a!percentage!point!higher!than!the!global!average.!Saudi!Arabia!has!a!primarily!urban!population!distribution,!and!is!growing!at!a!1%!rate.!Saudi!Arabia's!population!has!a!higher!birth!rate!compared!to!its!death!rate.!However,!Saudi!Arabia!has!a!high!number!of!migrant!workers!entering!the!country!due!to!the!economic!opportunities!and!has!removed!illegal!migrants.!The!Syrian!refugee!crisis!may!lead!to!refugees!trying!to!enter!Saudi!Arabia!and!they!will!be!removed!unless!they!are!here!legally.!Saudi!Arabia!may!be!willing!to!take!in!some!Syrian!refugees!but!would!prefer!to!have!neighboring!countries!take!more!than!Saudi!Arabia.!!!Unity!between!diverse!nations!can!be!achieved!by!teaching!tolerance!at!a!young!age.!The!type!of!transnational!crime!that!originates!in!Saudi!Arabia!is!human!trafficking.!However,!crime!is!not!a!big!problem!in!Saudi!Arabia.!Saudi!Arabia!has!effectively!controlled!crime!through!Sharia!law!and!does!not!need!anymore!resources.!Saudi!Arabia!is!not!that!willing!to!sacrifice!autonomy!in!order!to!benefit!the!committee.!!!Saudi!Arabia!has!a!very!high!energy!consumption!rate!and!has!not!taken!measures!towards!sustainable!urbanization.!All!of!its!fuel!sources!are!derived!from!oil,!and!depends!on!fossil!fuels!for!everything.!Slum!poverty!has!not!had!a!huge!affect!on!Saudi!Arabia,!and!large!acts!to!improve!conditions!have!not!been!taken.!!!
Name:!Nina!Weyland!Delegation:!Overbrook!High!School-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Singapore!!!!!!Part!I!>!Country!Information!!Singapore!is!located!inSoutheastern!Asia,!islands!between!Malaysia!(south)and!Indonesia!(north).Singapore!was!founded!as!a!British!trading!colony!in!1819.!It!had!joined!the!Malaysian!Federation!in!1963!but!was!ousted!two!years!laterand!became!independent!in!1965.The!country!subsequently!became!one!of!the!world's!most!prosperous!countries!with!strong!international!trading!links!and!with!per!capita!GDP!(55,182.48!USD)equal!to!that!of!the!leading!nations!of!Western!Europe.!The!total!populationis5,781,728(July!2016!est.)!with!itsofficial!languages!of!the!country!which!areEnglish,!Malay,!Mandarin,!and!Tamil.It!isgoverned!under!aparliamentary!democratic!republic,!with!President!Tony!Tan!as!the!head!of!the!state,!Prime!Minister!Lee!Hsien!Loong!who!is!the!head!of!the!government,!and!a!multi>party!system.Singaporehas!a!highly!developed!and!successful!free>market!economy.!It!enjoys!a!remarkably!open!and!corruption>free!environment,!stable!prices,!and!a!per!capita!GDP!higher!than!that!of!most!developed!countries.!Unemployment!is!very!low.!The!economy!depends!heavily!on!exports,!particularly!of!consumer!electronics,!information!technology!products,!medical!and!optical!devices,!pharmaceuticals,!and!on!its!vibrant!transportation,!business,!and!financial!services!sectors.!Growth!in!2014>15!was!slower!at!under!3%,!largely!a!result!of!soft!demand!for!exports!amid!a!sluggish!global!economy!and!weak!growth!in!Singapore's!manufacturing!sector.!The!government!is!attempting!to!restucture!Singapore's!economy!by!weaning!its!dependence!on!foreign!labour,!addressing!weak!productivity,!and!increasing!Singaporean!wages.!Singapore!has!attracted!major!investments!in!pharmaceuticals!and!medical!technology!production!and!will!continue!efforts!to!strengthen!its!position!as!Southeast!Asia's!leading!and!high>tech!hub.!The!ministry!of!trade!and!Industry(MTI)!expects!the!Singapore!economy!to!grow!by!"1.0!to!1.5!per!cent"!in!2016,!and!by!"1.0!to!1.5!per!cent"!in!2016!and!by!"1.0!to!3.0!per!cent"!in!2017.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I>!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Singapore's!Population!is!5,781,728(July!2016!est.)Overall!unemployment!rate!in!September!2016!was!unchanged!from!June!2016,!and!held!steady!among!residents!and!citizens.!While!the!number!of!layoffs!fell!from!the!previous!quarter,!it!was!higher!than!a!year!ago.!Overall!employment!contracted!in!the!third!quarter!of!2016,!after!slowing!growth!in!the!previous!two!quarters.!Preliminary!estimates!showed!that!quarter>on>quarter,!the!seasonally!adjusted!overall!unemployment!rate!was!unchanged!at!2.1%!in!September!2016,!compared!to!June!2016.!It!held!steady!among!residents!and!citizens!over!the!same!period.!
Employment!declined!in!manufacturing!for!the!eighth!consecutive!quarter.!It!also!turned!negative!in!construction!after!four!quarters!of!moderated!growth.!This!was!partially!offset!by!employment!growth!in!services,!though!the!pace!slowed!from!the!previous!quarter.!Preliminary!estimates!showed!that!fewer!workers!were!made!redundant!in!the!third!quarter!of!2016!compared!to!the!previous!quarter.!However,!the!number!was!still!higher!than!that!a!year!ago!.!Layoffs!fell!over!the!quarter!in!manufacturing!and!services,!while!it!increased!in!construction.!!The!contraction!in!total!employment!and!heightened!redundancy!levels!reflect!the!current!subdued!global!economic!conditions!and!internal!economic!restructuring.!Local!unemployment!rate!held!steady!amid!slowing!growth!in!local!labour!force.!As!Singapore!continue!to!transform!theirindustries!to!remain!competitive!and!to!create!and!re>create!more!quality!jobs!for!th!people,!the!tripartite!partners!will!continue!to!help!displaced!workers!seize!new!job!opportunities!through!SkillsFuture!and!Adapt!&!Grow!initiatives.Population!is5,734,569million!people,population!density!is!7768,!Peoplepopulation!growth!is1.86%,life!expectancy!is!85!years,!median!age!is34.3!years.!Ethnic!groups!in!Singapore!areChinese!74.2%,!Malay!13.3%,!Indian!9.2%,!other!3.3%.!The!only!Major!infectious!diseases!is!the!Zika!virusby!Aedes!species!mosquitoes!has!been!identified!in!this!countr.It!poses!an!important!risk!among!US!citizens!if!bitten!by!an!infective!mosquito.!!!Topic!II!>!Transnational!Crime!!Singapore!has!very!good!relations!with!the!international!community.!The!only!transnational!issues!worth!addressing!that!face!Singapore!today!are!Malaysia's!fresh!water!exportation!and!illicit!drug!trade!through!Singapore's!trade!hub.Malaysia!provides!fresh!water!for!Singapore!since!Singapore!is!only!a!group!of!small!islands!surrounded!by!saltwater.!Singapore!signed!an!agreement!with!Malaysia!in!1990!to!continue!the!fresh!water!supply,!but!the!Singaporean!government!wants!to!reduce!foreign!water!dependency,!so!the!agreement!will!not!be!renewed.!!!Since!Singapore!is!an!international!hub!for!trade,!many!illegal!drugs!have!been!smuggled!into!and!out!of!the!country.!Singapore!carries!very!heavy!punishment!for!use!and!possession!of!drugs!like!heroin.!These!punishments!go!as!far!as!a!mandatory!death!penalty!for!more!than!15!grams!of!heroin!and!other!amounts!for!other!drugs.!Though!the!fines!and!laws!against!it!are!high,!Singapore!still!deals!with!a!noticeable!drug!trafficking!problem.!Singapore!is!vulnerable,!despite!strict!laws!and!enforcement,!as!a!venue!for!money!laundering!!!Topic!III!>!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!The!biggest!urban!issue!isbecause!of!Singapore's!small!land!size!that!the!country!had!to!reconcile!liveability,!environmental!sustainability,!and!economic!competitiveness!more!so!than!many!other!cities,!even!as!urban!density!increases!with!population!growth.!As!a!city>state,!Singapore!has!limited!resources.!The!scarcity!of!land!has!been!and!will!continue!to!be!
a!challenge,!both!for!citizens!and!the!government.!The!small!land!area!is!related!to!other!urban!challenges!such!as!traffic!congestion!and!maintaining!a!liveable!environment!with!adequate!greenery!and!a!sense!of!space.!The!challenge!of!balancing!economic!and!population!growth!with!liveability!and!sustainability!is!multi>faceted.!Besides!policy!and!technology!innovations,!the!key!is!for!all!stakeholders!to!work!together!>!government,!businesses!and!the!people!to!engage!in!positive!interactions!and!collaborate!on!all!fronts!in!order!to!overcome!the!urban!obstacles.!!Singapore!has!much!to!learn!from!other!cities.!This!is!why!platforms!such!as!the!World!Cities!Summit!play!a!crucial!role!in!facilitating!necessary!sharing!and!learning.!The!World!Cities!Summit!will!have!city!leaders!gathering!in!Singapore,!along!with!thousands!of!experts!and!practitioners!in!the!urban!solutions!industry!to!share!best!practices!for!overcoming!urban!challenges.Given!Singapore's!experience!in!integrated!planning!and!successful!implementation!to!achieve!sustainable!development!in!the!last!50!years!>!based!on!a!high!density,!high!liveability!model!>!it!is!well>placed!to!lead!the!discourse!on!adopting!a!more!holistic!approach!to!meet!the!rising!challenges!of!urbanisation.!For!this!reason,!Singapore!organises!the!World!Cities!Summit,!Singapore!International!Water!Week!and!Clean>Enviro!Summit!Singapore!to!enable!public!and!private!sector!players!across!the!urban!planning,!water!and!environment!sectors!to!network,!tap!on!global!expertise!and!share!best!practices.!!!Topic!IV>!Waste!Management!!Singapore's!solid!waste!output!has!increased!significantly!over!the!years.!The!amount!of!waste!sent!for!disposal!rose!from!1,260!tonnes!per!day!in!1970!to!8,402!tonnes!per!day!in!2015.!This!amount!would!have!been!significantly!higher!if!Singapore!had!not!recycled!more!than!half!of!its!waste!The!National!Environment!Agency!(NEA)!plans,!develops!and!manages!Singapore's!advanced!waste!management!system.!An!efficient!waste!collection!and!disposal!system!is!critical,!given!Singapore's!limited!land!area!and!densely!populated!living!environment.!NEA's!responsibilities!include!the!licensing!and!regulation!of!solid!waste!collection!and!enforcement!of!illegal!dumping!in!Singapore.!!NEA!appoints!public!waste!collectors!(PWCs)!through!open!tenders!to!serve!domestic!and!trade!premises!in!Singapore!by!geographical!sectors.!The!tenders!are!open!to!companies!that!meet!thepre>qualification!criteria.!Successful!bidders!are!awarded!licenses!to!provide!waste!and!recyclables!collection!services!for!the!respective!sectors!over!contract!periods!of!seven!to!eight!years.!Currently,!there!are!four!PWCs!operating!in!Singapore.!The!seven!sectors!will!be!further!consolidated!into!six!sectors!when!the!new!contracts!for!Pasir!Ris>Tampines!and!Bedok!commence!in!2018.!!!Work!Cited:!!http://www.indexmundi.com/singapore/demographics_profile.html!!!!!!!!!!!!
https://app.msf.gov.sg/Research>Room/Research>Statistics/Sex>Ratio>Males>to>Females!!!http://www.nea.gov.sg/energy>waste/waste>management/waste>management!!!https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the>world>factbook/geos/sn.html!!!http://www.singstat.gov.sg/!!
Name:!Vaani!Shah!Delegation:!Dulaney!High!School-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-South!Korea!!!!!!Part!I!:!Country!Information!!An!independent!kingdom!for!much!of!its!long!history,!Korea!was!occupied!by!Japan!beginning!in!1905!following!the!Russo:Japanese!War.!In!1910,!Tokyo!formally!annexed!the!entire!Peninsula.!Korea!regained!its!independence!following!Japan's!surrender!to!the!US!in!1945.!After!World!War!II,!a!democratic:based!government,!Republic!of!Korea,!was!set!up!in!the!southern!half!of!the!Korean!Peninsula!while!a!communist:style!government!was!installed!in!the!north,!Democratic!People's!Republic!of!Korea.!The!Republic!of!Korea!is!located!in!Eastern!Asia,!occupying!the!southern!half!of!the!Korean!Peninsula!bordering!the!Sea!of!Japan!and!the!Yellow!Sea.!The!current!environmental!issues!being!combated!in!this!area!is!air!pollution!in!large!cities,!acid!rain,!and!water!pollution!from!the!discharge!of!sewage!and!industrial!solvents.!The!Republic!of!Korea!has!a!mainly!homogenous!population!with!the!31.6%!of!the!population!practicing!Christianity!and!24.2%!Buddhism.!82.5%!of!the!population!has!been!urbanized!and!has!a!life!expectancy!of!82.4!years.!The!presidential!republic!has!a!mixed!legal!system!combining!European!civil!law,!Anglo:American!law,!and!Chinese!classical!thought.!South!Korea!over!the!past!four!decades!has!demonstrated!incredible!economic!growth!and!global!integration!to!become!a!high:tech!industrialized!economy!with!major!industries!including!electronics,!telecommunications,!and!automobile!production.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Topic!I:!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!Korea's!demographic!transition!started!in!the!early!20th!century!with!the!introduction!of!Western!medical!and!health!systems.!Mortality!rates!declined,!and!the!life!expectancy!of!Koreans!increased.!Increasing!population!growth!rates!exacerbated!pressures!on!land!resources.!Responding!to!the!high!population!pressure!coupled!with!extreme!poverty,!the!government!became!more!involved!in!family!planning.!Similarly,!the!main!mechanism!for!economic!development!was!government:led!industrialization.!Realizing!the!fact!that!Korea!is!a!country!of!rare!natural!resources!and!abundant!educated!manpower,!the!newly:installed!military!government,!led!by!President!Park!Jung:Hee,!pursued!a!labor:intensive!and!export:oriented!industrialization.Now,!due!to!poverty!in!rural!areas,!massive!flights!of!citizens!are!crowding!urban!centers!including!the!country's!capital,!Seoul.!Additionally,!population!aging!is!creating!an!uneven!proportion!of!the!elderly,!a!group!that!will!reach!one!quarter!of!the!total!population.!South!Korea!is!also!experiencing!problems!common!to!post:industrial!societies!such!as!income!inequality,!social!polarization,!as!well!as!low!fertility!leading!to!delayed!economic!growth;!population!aging!and!a!shrinking!labor!force!will!be!burdens!on!the!country!in!following!years.!
!In!pursuit!of!achieving!a!closer!population!equilibrium!and!preventing!overcrowding,!South!Korea!would!like!to!address!the!issue!by!promoting!and!advocating!the!development!of!more!sustainable!industries!and!housing!projects!for!those!who!are!migrating!to!populated!cities.!Because!aging!populations!pose!a!challenge!to!the!fiscal!and!macroeconomic!stability!of!many!societies!through!increased!government!spending!on!social!benefits,!it!is!necessary!to!encourage!older!workers!to!remain!in!the!labor!force!longer!and!purse!"phased:in!retirement".!This!will!allow!continuity!in!tax!revenues!and!reduced!expenditures!on!pensions.!Furthermore,!the!declining!labor!force!participation!rate!can!be!remedied!by!enacting!a!committee!dedicated!to!boosting!infrastructure,!which!can!accelerate!economic!growth!by!1.5%!in!the!short:term.!This!will!not!only!stimulate!labor!demand,!but!also!will!help!create!jobs!and!lure!discouraged!workers!back!into!the!labor!force.!!South!Korea!sees!a!potential!to!partner!with!countries!such!as!Japan,!China,!and!Indonesia,!all!of!which!are!facing!difficulties!in!sustainable!development!and!population!aging.!Employing!these!new!social!welfare!systems!will!undergo!significant!strains!from!demographic!dividends,!creating!unemployment!and!instability!in!the!future.!South!Korea!foresees!an!abundance!of!allies!willing!to!support!mending!the!age!structure!in!our!countries!to!allow!for!continued,!long:lasting!GDP!growth.!Facing!migration!crises!in!many!of!our!countries,!allies!will!be!eager!to!join!a!cause!to!alleviate!overcrowding!and!relocate!traveling!populations.!!!Topic!II!:!Transnational!Crime!!Due!to!the!changing!nature!of!security!threats!in!the!post:cold!War!period,!the!Korean!government!has!developed!a!more!expansive!concept!of!security!to!take!into!account!the!confluence!of!traditional!and!nontraditional!threat!elements!characterizing!Korea's!security!environment.!The!Korean!government's!desire!not!to!passively!follow!but!to!actively!lead!efforts!in!promoting!international!security!reflects!its!growing!aspiration!to!become!a!global!player.!Because!narcotics!production!and!drug!abuse!are!not!significant!problems!in!South!Korea,!the!Republic!of!Korea!regards!the!transshipment!of!drugs!and!the!export!of!precursor!chemicals!used!in!manufacturing!illegal!drugs!as!its!most!serious!drug!trafficking!concerns.!As!a!result,!the!Korean!government!has!taken!proactive!steps!to!prevent!transshipment!of!drugs!through!its!borders!and!domestic!companies!from!exporting!precursor!chemicals.!Trans:shipment!of!drugs!is!a!growing!concern!because!South!Korean!ports!are!increasingly!being!used!as!a!transit!point!for!the!shipment!of!large!quantities!of!narcotics!by!international!drug!traffickers.!!South!Korea,!along!with!members!of!ASEAN,!hopes!to!create!a!committee!funded!by!NGOs!to!tighten!security!around!Southeastern!countries'!borders!to!prevent!drug!trafficking!along!with!terrorist!actions.!The!Korean!government's!desire!not!to!passively!follow!but!to!actively!lead!efforts!in!promoting!international!security!reflects!its!growing!aspiration!to!become!a!global!player!in!protecting!Southeastern!countries'!autonomous!interests.!!
Name:!Jonathan!Risin!Delegation:!Colts!Nick-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Thailand!!!!!!Thailand!is!a!kingdom!in!Southeast!Asia.!It's!current!king!isVajiralongkorn.!It's!known!for!its!beaches,!palaces,ancient!ruins,!and!Buddhist!temples.!It's!capital!is!Bangkok,!and!is!a!internationally!known!city.!!
Name:!Brianna!Bruccoleri!Delegation:!Monroe-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Vietnam!!!!!!Part!I!8!Country!Information!!Vietnam!declared!independence!from!France!after!World!War!II,!and!was!soon!divided!into!the!communist!North!and!anti8communist!South!in!1954.!Although!the!two!were!originally!of!their!own!sovereignty,!North!Vietnam!forces!overran!the!South!in!order!to!reunite!the!country!under!communist!rule!in!1975.!Today,!it!is!officially!known!as!the!Socialist!Republic!of!Vietnam.!!Vietnam!is!a!small!South8Eastern!country!of!127,881!square!miles!and!home!to!89.71!million!citizens,!making!it!the!fourteenth!most!populous!country!in!the!world!despite!its!small!size.!It!borders!Cambodia,!Laos,!China,!and!the!South!China!Sea.!Coincidentally,!the!country's!current!official!language,!Vietnamese,!was!heavily!influenced!by!its!neighbor!and!1000!year!ruler8China.!Additionally,!China!has!also!had!an!incredible!impact!on!the!most!popular!religions!and!philosophies!within!Vietnam.!The!Vietnamese!most!commonly!practice!Confucianism,!Taoism,!and!Buddhism.!From!its!French!roots,!Christianity!and!Can!Dai!(a!religion!that!combines!elements!from!Buddhism,!Christianity,!and!history)!are!also!two!religions!found!mainly!in!Southern!Vietnam!that!have!attracted!millions!of!followers.!!Although!it!has!traditionally!been!a!Communist!State,!it!has!introduced!a!number!of!modern!social!and!economic!reforms!that!involve!promoting!free!trade!and!the!success!of!small!businesses.!Additionally,!to!increase!relations!with!the!West,!in!the!1990s!Vietnam!halted!all!requests!for!wartime!reparations!from!the!U.S!in!exchange!for!a!partial!removal!of!the!U.S!trade!embargo!which!has!previously!decimated!the!Vietnamese!economy.!!Today,!Vietnam's!GDP!is!over!$180!billion!USD.!Compared!to!its!$6!billion!USD!in!the!90s,!the!Vietnamese!GDP!has!grown!by!approximately!8%!per!fiscal!year!due!to!the!now!complete!removal!of!the!trade!embargo!and!financial!aid!from!The!World!Bank!and!The!International!Monetary!Fund.!It!is!one!of!the!world's!fastest!growing!economies.!Remarkably!enough,!Vietnam!was!capable!of!bringing!a!50%!extreme!poverty!rate!down!to!just!3%!within!a!25!year!span.!In!1995,!the!unemployment!rate!was!25%.!Today,!the!unemployment!rate!in!Vietnam!is!2.06%.!!Vietnam!is!the!28th!largest!export!economy!in!the!world.!In!2014,!Vietnam!exported!$165B!and!imported!$151B,!resulting!in!a!positive!trade!balance!of!$13.7B.!In!2014!the!GDP!of!Vietnam!was!$186B!and!its!GDP!per!capita!was!$5.63k.!"The!top!exports!of!Vietnam!are!broadcasting!equipment!($23.8B),!computers!($7.98B),!crude!petroleum!($6.87B),!leather!footwear!($6B)!and!integrated!circuits!($4.6B).!Its!top!imports!are!integrated!circuits!($9.6B),!telephones!($8.22B),!refined!petroleum!($7.81B),!light!rubberized!knitted!fabric!($2.96B)!and!flat!flat8rolled!steel!($1.98B).!The!top!export!destinations!of!Vietnam!are!the!United!States!($29.9B),!China!($17.5B),!Japan!($15.2B),!South!Korea!($7.92B)!and!Germany!
($7.64B).!The!top!import!origins!are!China!($44.7B),!South!Korea!($21.7B),!Japan!($11.9B),!Other!Asia!($9.4B)!and!Singapore!($7.98B)"!(OEC!8!Vietnam!(VNM)!Exports,!Imports,!and!Trade!Partners).!!Vietnam!is!able!to!succeed!economically!due!to!its!membership!in!the!Association!of!South8East!Asian!Nations!and!the!Trans8Pacific!Partnership!(TPP)8!a!trade!deal!between!the!U.S!and!11!other!countries.!Vietnam!benefits!the!most!from!the!TPP.!The!TPP!is!expected!to!lead!Vietnam's!GDP!to!grow!by!10%!by!2030.!Though!the!TPP,!Vietnam!is!targeted!to!become!less!and!less!dependent!on!China!and!will!rely!more!on!the!U.S.!!Japan,!Philippines,!Singapore,!and!Australia!all!have!a!growing!interest!in!Vietnam!and!have!strengthened!their!defense!ties!in!order!to!put!up!a!military!threat!against!China.!The!military!has!a!maximum!budget!of!$3.4!USD!billion!and!Soviet!Era!equipment!along!with!5.4!million!personnel,!which!easily!trump!its!neighbors,!aside!from!China.!!Vietnam!is!undoubtedly!a!growing!power!in!South8East!Asia.!It!is!growing!at!a!rapid!pace!economically,!is!relying!more!on!capitalist!ideas,!has!strong!exports,!has!connections!with!world!powers,!has!multiple!alliances,!and!it!has!a!growing!manufacturing!sector!along!with!many!small!businesses.!On!the!other!hand,!Vietnam!will!also!have!to!deal!with!a!lack!of!human!rights!in!its!society,!environmental!issues,!territorial!disputes!with!China,!a!weak!infrastructure,!and!a!lack!of!initiative!and!growth!within!the!public!investment!and!banking!sector.!Concurrently!speaking,!strengths!and!weaknesses!combined!will!still!bring!Vietnam!closer!to!the!end!of!its!path!of!becoming!a!very!economically!powerful!country.!!!Part!II!–!Topics!!Due!to!the!rapid!reduction!in!fertility!and!the!increase!in!life!expectancy,!the!population!of!Vietnam!has!begun!to!experience!an!accelerating!process!of!aging.!The!population!under!age!15!has!decreased!from!25!million!in!1999!to!roughly!23!million!in!2010.!Despite!the!decrease,!this!is!still!a!large!number!of!young!people!who!will!need!education!and!employment.!Over!the!same!period,!the!population!ages!60!and!older!will!increase!from!6.2!million!to!6.9!million,!creating!greater!needs!for!social!security!and!health!care!services!(Haub!and!Huong,!2003).!This!increase!in!the!elderly!population!will!only!be!the!beginning!of!a!sharp!rise!in!the!size!of!this!group!who,!in!2020!will!approach!11!million!(U.S.!Census!Bureau,!2010).!Such!an!increase!in!this!age!group!is!unprecedented!in!Vietnam.!The!population!in!the!prime!working!ages!(15859)!will!go!from!45!million!to!59!million!8!a!huge!potential!for!the!country!if!these!are!workers!well!prepared!for!new!roles!in!Vietnam's!new!economy.!!The!Vietnamese!officer!affirmed!that!Vietnam,!together!with!other!ASEAN!countries,!has!worked!closely!with!the!law!enforcement!bodies!of!ASEAN!dialogue!partner!countries!8!China,!Japan!and!the!Republic!of!Korea!(RoK)!8!in!fighting!transnational!crimes!through!sharing!information!and!experience;!coordinating!in!verifying,!investigating!and!arresting!suspects!and!offenders;!and!hunting!criminals.!Vietnam!paid!special!attention!to!intensifying!cooperation!programmes!and!delegation!exchanges!towards!improving!the!
capacity!of!Vietnamese!law!enforcement!staff!in!preventing!transnational!crimes.!The!Vietnamese!minister!called!on!ASEAN!dialogue!partner!countries!to!effectively!use!the!ASEAN+3!Cooperation!Fund!to!implement!transnational!anti8crime!projects,!promote!training!cooperation!programmes!and!expand!ASEAN+3!cooperation!mechanisms!in!the!field.!!Focus!on!infrastructure:!!As!the!result!of!years!of!war,!Vietnam's!infrastructure!is!weak,!but!steadily!improving.!In!the!French!colonial!period,!a!1,7308kilometer!(1,0758mile)!rail!system!was!developed!which!connected!Saigon!to!Hanoi,!and!the!port!city!of!Haiphong!to!Yunnan,!China.!Later!in!the!1950s,!the!Chinese!assisted!with!the!development!of!a!rail!link!between!Hanoi!and!Guangxi!Province!in!China.!All!of!these!lines!were!badly!damaged!during!the!wars.!Total!railway!length!is!2,652!kilometers!(1,650!miles),!and!many!tracks!need!renovation.!In!1999,!it!took!32!hours!to!travel!by!rail!from!Hanoi!to!Ho!Chi!Minh!City.!Vietnam!has!93,300!kilometers!(57,977!miles)!of!highways,!25!percent!of!which!are!paved.!However,!many!of!the!paved!roads!are!in!poor!condition.!Notable!improvements!have!occurred!in!recent!years.!For!example,!there!is!now!an!excellent!highway!from!Hanoi!to!the!International!Airport!and!the!road!from!Hanoi!to!Haiphong!and!Ha!Long!Bay!is!being!steadily!improved,!as!is!Highway!Number!One,!which!links!Hanoi!and!Ho!Chi!Minh!City.!A!considerable!amount!of!international!economic!assistance!is!being!used!to!upgrade!Vietnam's!weak!road!infrastructure.!Vietnam's!major!ports!are!Haiphong!(in!the!north),!Da!Nang!(central!region)!and!Ho!Chi!Minh!City!(in!the!south).!To!supplement!these,!additional!ports!have!been!developed!at!Cua!Lo,!Quy!Nhon,!and!Nha!Trang.!Vietnam!has!2!international!airports!(Hanoi!and!Ho!Chi!Minh!City)!and!32!local!airports.!Travel!to!distant!remote!provinces!is!often!done!by!air.With!Vietnam's!rapid!economic!development!in!the!1990s,!energy!demand!has!been!increasing!at!about!20!percent!per!year,!frequently!outstripping!supplies!of!electricity.!In!1999,!Vietnam!generated!22.985!billion!kilowatt8hours!(kWh)!of!electricity,!of!which!47.1!percent!was!from!fossil!fuels!and!52.3!percent!from!hydroelectric!power.!In!the!future,!Vietnam!could!import!electricity!from!Laos,!which!has!great!hydroelectric!potential.!!!Work!Cited:!!http://aleevietnam.weebly.com/population8challenges.html!!http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2003/AnOverviewofPopulationandDevelopmentinVietnam.aspx!!http://www.indexmundi.com/vietnam/demographics_profile.html!!https://populationpyramid.net/viet8nam/2016/!!http://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam8attends8asean8transnational8crime8meeting/82490.vnp!!
http://www.news.lk/news/sri8lanka/item/18458vietnam8seeks8counter8terrorism8transnational8crime8cooperation8with8sri8lanka!!http://thediplomat.com/2015/01/a8surge8in8southeast8asian8transnational8crime/!!http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia8and8the8Pacific/Vietnam8INFRASTRUCTURE8POWER8AND8COMMUNICATIONS.html#ixzz4RGN8jKqw!!http://www.vietnam8briefing.com/news/infrastructure8vietnam.html/!!http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/12/19/better8infrastructure8for8758million8urban8residents8in8vietnam!!http://www.gpmfirst.com/books/principles8project8finance/vietnam8infrastructure8needs8and8challenges!!!
Name:!Brad!Hornbeck!Delegation:!Westfield!High!School-Committee:!Association!of!Southeast!Asian!Nations!Country:-Yemen!!!!!
!
Part!I!=!Country!Information!!
Yemen!is!a!country!bordered!by!Saudi!Arabia!in!the!north!and!Oman!by!the!east.!The!
Arabian!Sea!is!south!of!Yemen!and!the!Red!Sea!is!west.!It!has!a!population!of!23,852,400!and!by!age!is!made!up!of!40%!of!0=14,!followed!by!25=54!at!30%,!then!
15=24!at!21%,!then!55=64!at!4%,!then!over!65!which!is!only!2.7%!of!the!population.!Yemen!normally!has!a!democratic!system,!however!is!currently!in!a!state!of!limbo.!
Mohammed!Ali!al=Houthi!claims!to!be!the!leader!of!the!country!and!is!the!head!of!
the!transnational!revolutionary!council.!Normally,!Yemen!has!a!democratic!republic!system,!with!a!Judicial,!Executive,!and!Legislative!branch.!It!has!a!7!year!election!
cycle!for!its!president.!The!president!also!gets!to!choose!the!prime!minister.!The!
current!day!president!is!Ali!Abdullah!Saleh!and!Ahmed!Obeid!bin!Daghr!is!the!prime!minister.!Its!Judicial!branch!is!appointed!by!the!Executive!branch!and!is!supposed!to!
be!independent.!The!Legislative!branch!contains!a!House!of!Representatives!with!301!people!in!it.!Members!are!elected!every!6!years.!Due!to!its!troubles!with!its!
government,!Yemen's!GDP!has!been!dropping;!a!total!of!25!billion!dollars!lost!in!the!
past!year.!They!have!one!of!the!lowest!income!of!any!country!and!is!having!trouble!stabilizing!their!economy.!Their!industrial!production!rate!dropped!71.3%!in!2015,!
a!huge!problem!Yemen!has!had!to!face.!Their!per!capita!income!was!$2,700!(PPP)!in!the!year!2015,!dropping!from!$3,800!(PPP)!in!2014.!This!puts!Yemen!dead!last!in!
their!GDP!real!growth!rate.!Saudi!Arabia!and!Oman!are!much!higher!on!this!list!than!
Yemen.!!
!
Part!II!–!Topics!!
Topic!I=!Labor,!Population,!and!Demographics!!
Yemen!believes!that!migration!is!beneficial!to!some,!yet!for!them!it!is!like!stealing.!
Other!countries!take!away!migrants!with!the!potential!to!fix!Yemen.!There!are!not!enough!people!coming!into!Yemen!to!suffice!for!this,!and!it!has!resulted!in!the!
weakening!of!Yemen.!In!addition,!Yemen's!population!has!been!growing!quickly!over!the!past!few!years.!Most!of!its!population!is!of!those!from!ages!0=14!at!about!
40%,!followed!by!25=54!30%,!then!15=24!at!21%,!then!55=64!at!4%!of!Yemen's!
population,!then!over!65!which!is!only!2.7%!of!the!population.!This!shows!a!large!amount!of!newborns,!yet!not!many!elders.!This!is!because!many!children!die!soon!
after!birth.!Yemen!has!trouble!with!wars!and!getting!food!into!the!country;!as!a!
result!many!children!die!off!at!an!early!age.!The!life!expectancy!of!Yemen!is!only!65,!much!lower!than!most!other!countries.!Causes!of!this!include!disease,!malnutrition,!
and!direct!death!by!war,!but!most!of!these!could!be!fixed!if!there!were!a!way!to!
control!the!war!going!on!in!Yemen.!!
Yemen!deals!with!issues!with!migration,!as!most!leave!the!country,!with!very!few!coming!in.!Yemen!needs!help!controlling!this!to!help!stabilize!their!government,!for!
it!needs!all!of!the!people!possible!to!help!stabilize!its!economy.!Yemen!would!also!
like!to!encourage!plans!that!allow!migrants!to!come!into!Yemen,!as!it!is!a!country!with!a!lot!of!potential;!with!effective!tweaks!to!the!government!and!support!in!
fighting!other!countries,!Yemen!as!a!country!could!flourish!because!it!has!a!lot!of!
potential!as!a!growing!community.!Although!is!hasn't!been!great,!the!GDP!of!Yemen!is!still!growing!regardless!of!boundaries!set!by!terrorism.!If!they!could!break!these!
barriers,!it!would!set!up!room!for!their!GDP!to!grow.!In!addition,!Yemen!needs!to!find!ways!to!reduce!war.!It!calls!upon!other!countries,!especially!those!with!strong!
militaries,!to!help!fight!with!the!Yemeni!in!this!war,!because!they!need!support.!
Finishing!the!war!would!allow!Yemen!to!spend!money!on!other!essentials,!and!would!allow!a!rebirth!of!Yemen.!
!
Brunei,!Laos,!and!Cambodia!may!agree!to!this!plan!willingly.!They!have!low!GDPs!and!will!need!support!from!other!countries!in!order!to!fix!this.!India!is!also!dealing!
with!major!brain!drain!currently.!Although!it!is!for!a!different!cause,!limiting!migration!could!still!help!both!India!and!Yemen!reduce!migrants!lost!to!other!
countries.!
!!
Topic!II!=!Transnational!Crime!!
Where!other!countries!may!need!help!reducing!drugs,!Yemen!needs!to!focus!on!
vandalism.!Citizens!are!at!high!risk!of!being!mugged!or!having!their!car!stolen!because!of!their!race.!This!shows!the!unstable!situation!of!the!Country.!Saudi!Arabia!
and!Oman!have!not!helped!at!all;!Yemen!would!like!to!see!that!these!two!countries!
as!well!as!others!will!join!in!to!help!reduce!this.!Also,!the!Houthis!have!claimed!to!have!control!of!the!country,!yet!they!have!only!caused!chaos.!Al!Qa'ida!has!been!
forgotten!about,!yet!it!still!attacks!Yemen!and!has!not!completely!disappeared!yet.!This!has!seen!an!increase!the!amount!of!child!soldiers!in!Yemen.!These!include!
children!from!Oman!and!Saudi!Arabia.!Yemen!calls!upon!other!countries!to!support!
them!in!the!fight!against!these!terrorist!organizations,!who!have!effects!not!only!on!Yemen!but!countries!around!it.!Yemen!has!had!trouble!with!sex!trafficking!recently!
as!a!way!for!men!to!make!money.!As!corrupt!as!Yemen!is!itself,!it!has!proven!to!be!a!trouble!for!its!surrounding!countries,!and!calls!upon!those!countries!
!
Yemen!would!like!support!from!other!countries!to!help!stabilize!Yemen's!government;!control!over!the!Houthis!and!help!fighting!Al!Qa'ida!would!result!in!a!
reduction!of!corruption.!Yemen's!government!would!be!able!to!reach!out!to!the!poor!
and!stabilize!and!reduce!corruption.!Without!war,!Yemen!would!see!a!high!reduction!in!the!amounts!of!child!soldiers!being!found!there.!In!2010!UNODOC!made!
a!plan!with!Yemen!that!lasted!5!years.!Its!goal!was!to!reduce!crime!in!Yemen.!It!
succeeded.!Implementing!a!plan!similar!to!this!again!dealing!with!transnational!
crime!has!the!potential!to!extremely!reduce!the!amount!of!crime!across!borders.!It!has!worked!in!Yemen!before,!so!countries!in!better!situations!than!Yemen!would!see!
only!benefit!come!from!a!plan!like!this.!!
The!Philippines!often!deals!with!attacks!from!the!Muslims,!living!in!the!southern!
Mindanao!region.!They!loose!men!often!from!these!attackers,!who!have!now!pledged!themselves!to!ISIS.!The!Philippines!could!pottentially!agree!to!these!ideas!
because!of!the!troubles!they!face!from!terrorism.!
!!
Topic!III!=!Housing!and!Urban!Development!!!Many!Yemenis!find!themselves!fall!below!the!poverty!line!every!year.!Over!half!of!
Yemenis!live!below!the!poverty!line.!This!is!an!absurd!number!and!an!issue!that!
needs!to!be!fixed.!An!evident!cause!of!this!is!political!climate!in!Yemen;!issues!with!the!Houthis!lead!to!corruption.!The!Houthis!will!try!hard!to!keep!the!population!
poor!to!keep!themselves!rich!and!in!charge.!Also,!the!government!would!like!help!
from!other!nations!in!rebuilding!its!stability.!In!addition,!a!lot!of!the!government's!focus!has!been!on!fighting!terrorist!organizations.!This!expends!a!lot!of!Yemen's!
economy,!leaving!none!to!support!the!akhdam,!as!the!poor!prefer!to!be!referred!to!as.!Many!are!jobless!and!have!no!hope!of!finding!an!income!of!money.!They!live!in!
unsanitary!environments!in!which!disease!spread!quickly.!Many!of!their!towns!have!
become!war!zones,!left!in!rubble!when!the!smoke!settles.!They!cannot!get!food!or!clean!water,!and!as!a!result!die!from!malnutrition.!These!are!the!problems!Yemen!
faces,!and!it!needs!support!from!other!countries!in!order!to!fix!these!issues.!!
Yemen!believes!the!best!way!to!deal!with!poverty!would!require!multiple!steps.!
However,!it!begins!with!stabilizing!Yemen's!government.!This!isn't!as!tough!of!a!task!as!it!may!seem,!as!long!as!many!countries!join!the!fight!against!the!Houthis!and!Al!
Qa'ida.!Reduction!in!war!would!see!a!stable!economy,!in!which!more!money!could!
go!towards!funding!the!akhdam.!In!addition!to!this,!Yemen!would!like!to!further!ask!for!countries!to!share!some!of!their!food.!Billions!of!calories!of!food!go!to!waste!each!
year,!and!these!could!feed!the!majority!of!the!Yemeni!population.!Yemen!asks!other!countries!to!implement!food!drives!that!would!help!Yemen!regain!a!sanitary!and!fed!
population.!
!This!plan!would!appeal!to!many!countries!in!Asia;!It!contains!70%!of!the!world's!
malnourished!children.!As!a!result,!many!countries!would!be!willing!to!ask!for!help!
from!other!countries.!More!specifically,!India!and!China!both!have!16%!of!their!population!malnourished.!These!two!countries!would!definitely!have!to!agree!with!
these!ideas.!!
!
!!
Work!Cited:!
!"Akhdam!Community!Angered!by!Government!Neglect."!Akhdam!Community!
Angered!by!Government!Neglect.!IRIN,!11!Jan.!2016.!Web.!25!Oct.!2016.!<http://www.irinnews.org/news/2012/04/20/akhdam=community=angered=
government=neglect>.!
!BBC!News!Staff.!"Yemen!Country!Profile."!BBC!News.!BBC!News!=!Middle!East,!10!
Aug.!2016.!Web.!19!Oct.!2016.!<http://www.bbc.com/news/world=middle=east=
14704852>.!!
CIA!Staff.!"Country!Comparison!=!GDP!=!Real!Growth!Rate."!Central!Intelligence!Agency.!Central!Intelligence!Agency,!2016.!Web.!19!Oct.!2016.!
<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the=world=factbook/geos/ym.html>.!
!CIA!Staff.!"The!World!Factbook:!YEMEN."!Middle!East!=!Yemen!Factbook.!Central!
Intelligence!Agency,!2016.!Web.!19!Oct.!2016.!
<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the=world=factbook/geos/ym.html>.!!
CNN!Library!Staff.!CNN.!Cable!News!Network,!10!Aug.!2016.!Web.!19!Oct.!2016.!<http://www.cnn.com/2013/07/10/world/meast/yemen=fast=facts/>.!
!
Index!Mundi!Staff.!"Yemen!=!Literacy!Rate."!Yemen!=!Literacy!Rate.!Index!Mundi,!2014.!Web.!19!Oct.!2016.!<http://www.indexmundi.com/facts/yemen/literacy=
rate>.!!
"Environment!and!Energy."!UNDP!in!Yemen.!UNDP,!n.d.!Web.!25!Oct.!2016.!
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