Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas for Acids and Bases

Professional Hittite Engineer Exam

Calculate the smallest limb diameter on a persimmon tree that will support a 10-pound possum.

Naming Acids and Bases:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:

1. List 3 properties of acids and bases2. Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid3. Name a base

6 Types Of Chemical Compounds

•Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion

•Binary molecular - two nonmetals

•Ternary ionic - at least one ion is a polyatomic ion

•Binary acid - H – nonmetal

•Ternary acid - H – Polyatomic ion

•Base - metal ion – OH

Acids & Bases

Their Properties

Properties of Acids

Taste sour Itchy on skin, will burn if concentrated Turns Blue litmus paper Red Red litmus paper stays Red

Reacts with Base - Neutralization:

Acid + Base Salt + Water

Ex: Vinegar, Citrus Fruit

Properties of Bases

Taste Bitter Feel Slippery Turns Red litmus paper Blue Blue litmus paper stays Blue

Reacts with Acid - Neutralization:

Acid + Base Salt + Water

Ex: Soap, Milk of Magnesia, Most Cleaners

Things You Can LearnFrom Your Dog!!

When your loved one comes home, run to greet him/her.

Eat with gusto to show your appreciation for the meal.

The Fourth Category Of Compounds Is Binary Acids.

•These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”.

•Attached to the hydrogen is a nonmetal ion

•Hydrogen – nonmetal ion

What are Binary Acids?

Binary means two elements

Naming

All binary acids follow the pattern as shown next:

Naming Binary Acids Contain “H” and one other element (nonmetal)To Name:

Hydro + second element name shortened (stem)

+ ic + acidEx: HCl = Hydro chlorine – ine + ic acid

Hydrochloric acid HF =

Hydroflouric acid

Prefix

Hydro-

Stem or root of nonmetal

< NM >

Suffix

-ic acid

HCl Hydro

HI Hydro

HCl is a binary acid – hydrogen - nonmetal

chlor ic acid

iod ic acid

H2S Hydro sulfur ic acid

The Fifth Category Of Compounds Is Ternary Acids.

•These compounds begin with hydrogen since they are “acids”.

•Attached to the hydrogen is a polyatomic ion

•Hydrogen – polyatomic ion

New Element On The Periodic Table

Element: Woman

Symbol: Xx

Atomic Mass: 120 (More Or Less)

Before we name ternary acids lets learn some variations on the polyatomic ions…

•The standard ions that you have memorized that end in –ate can be changed by adding or subtracting oxygens to form 3 more ions.

Let’s see what happens when we add or subtract oxygens…

Ion Name

BrO41-

BrO31-

BrO21-

BrO1-

Perbromate

Bromate

Bromite

Hypobromite

Let’s try it again…

Ion Name

SO52-

SO42-

SO32-

SO22-

Persulfate

Sulfate

Sulfite

Hyposulfite

Now let’s use this information to name ternary acids, acids with polyatomic ions…

•The standard ions that you have memorized that end in –ate can be changed by adding or subtracting oxygens to form 3 more ions that can make 3 more acids.

Naming Ternary (Oxy)Acids (cont.)

Contain “H”, “O” and one more elementTo Name:

Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acidEx: HNO3 = Nitr-ate ic + acid

Nitric acidHClO3 =

Chloric acid

An easy way to remember which goes with which…An easy way to remember which goes with which… ““In the cafeteria, you In the cafeteria, you ATEATE something something ICICky”ky”

Naming Acids (cont.)

If the acid has one more oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: Per + Polyatomic ion “ate” “ic” + acid

Ex: HNO4 = Per + Nitr-ate ic + acidPernitric acid

H2SO5 = Persulfuric acid

Naming Acids (cont.)

If the acid has one less oxygen than the base acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid

Ex: HNO2 = Nitr-ite ous + acidNitrous acid

H2SO3 = Sulfurous acid

Naming Acids (cont.)

If the acid has two less oxygens than the base acid, the naming goes as follows:

To Name: Hypo + Polyatomic ion “ite” “ous” + acid

Ex: HNO = Hypo + nitr-ite ous + acidHyponitrous acid

HClO = Hypochlorous acid

New Element On The Periodic Table (cont.)

Physical Properties of Xx: Generally round in form. Boils at nothing and may freeze anytime. Melts whenever treated properly. Very bitter if not used well.

Chemical Properties: Very active. Possesses strong affinity to gold, silver, platinum, and precious stones. Violent when left alone. Able to absorb great amount of exotic food. Turns slightly green when placed beside a better specimen. Ages rapidly.

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

Acid Nomenclature FlowchartAcid Nomenclature Flowchart

h yd ro - p re fix-ic e n d ing

2 e le m e n ts

-a te e nd ingb e com es-ic e nd ing

-ite e nd ingb e com es

-o us e nd ing

n o h yd ro- p re fix

3 e le m e n ts

ACIDSs ta rt w ith 'H '

Assume that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges.

Phosphoric acid This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”.The “-ic” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ate” - phosphate

H3PO4

Writing Acids

H1+ PO43-

Hypochlorous acid This is a Ternary acid (does not begin with “hydro-”.

The “-ous” suffix indicates that the polyatomic ion in this acid has a suffix of “-ite” – hypochlorite

1 less oxygen

Hypo- means 1 more oxygen less

H+1 ClO-1

HClO

Assume that hydrogen is +1 and balance the charges.

Writing Acids (cont.)

New Element On The Periodic Table (cont.)

Usage of Xx: Highly ornamental. An extremely good catalyst for disintegration of wealth. Probably the single most powerful income reducing agent known.

Caution: Highly explosive in inexperienced hands.

Naming Bases

Name the metal first Add hydroxide

Ex: NaOH = Sodium hydroxide

KOH =

Potassium hydroxide

Practice Naming Bases

Formula Name

NaOH

Fe(OH)3

Mg(OH)2

Ni(OH)2

NH4OH

Sodium hydroxide

Iron (III) hydroxide

Magnesium hydroxide

Nickel (II) hydroxide

Ammonium hydroxide

Naming Acids and Bases:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:

1. List 3 properties of acids and bases2. Name a binary and oxy- (ternary) acid3. Name a base

Chemical Compound Quiz

Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and bright. What is the common name?

Bleach

Summary of Naming Ternary Acids

Acid Nomenclature FlowchartAcid Nomenclature Flowchart

h yd ro - p re fix-ic e n d ing

2 e le m e n ts

-a te e nd ingb e com es-ic e nd ing

-ite e nd ingb e com es

-o us e nd ing

n o h yd ro- p re fix

3 e le m e n ts

ACIDSs ta rt w ith 'H '

Exit Quiz Naming Bases

Formula Name

LiOH

Mn(OH)3

Ca(OH)2

Cu(OH)2

KOH

Lithium hydroxide

Manganese (III) hydroxide

Calcium hydroxide

Copper (II) hydroxide

Potassium hydroxide

Exit Quiz Naming Acids

Acid Name

H2SO5

H2SO4

H2SO3

H2SO2

Persulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid

Sulfurous acid

Hyposulfurous acid

Exit Quiz Naming Acids

Acid Name

H2CO4

H2CO3

H2CO2

H4C

Percarbonic acid

Carbonic acid

Carbonous acid

Hydrocarbonic acid

Exit Quiz Naming Acids

Acid Name

HCl

HClO2

HClO

HClO4

Hydrochloric acid

Chlorous acid

Hypochlorous acid

Perchloric acid

Exit Quiz Naming Various Acids

Formula Binary or Ternary

Name

HCl B

HI B

HNO2T

H2SO5T

H3PO2T

H4C B

Hydrochloric acid

Nitrous acid

Persulfuric acid

Hypophosphorous acid

Hydrocarbonic acid

Hydroiodic acid

Down home in Hittiteville, folks now go to some movies in groups of 18 or more.They were told 17 and under are not admitted.

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