Nancy M DaraisehNancy M Daraiseh

BS Electrical Engineering – Jordan BS Electrical Engineering – Jordan University of Science & TechnologyUniversity of Science & Technology

MS Industrial Engineering – Occupational MS Industrial Engineering – Occupational Safety & Health Ergonomics – University Safety & Health Ergonomics – University

of Cincinnati of CincinnatiPhD candidate Industrial Engineering PhD candidate Industrial Engineering (since 1999) - Occupational Safety & (since 1999) - Occupational Safety &

Health Health Ergonomics– University Ergonomics– University of Cincinnati (with Dr Ash Genaidy)of Cincinnati (with Dr Ash Genaidy)

PROTECTIVE AND RISK OUTCOMES PROTECTIVE AND RISK OUTCOMES

OF WORK FACTORS UPON THE OF WORK FACTORS UPON THE

PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL

SYMPTOMS AMONG U.S. NURSING SYMPTOMS AMONG U.S. NURSING

PERSONNELPERSONNEL

BackgroundBackground

Work related musculoskeletal complaints Work related musculoskeletal complaints affect millions of workers in the United affect millions of workers in the United States accounting for the majority of States accounting for the majority of workers’ compensation claims. workers’ compensation claims.

Healthcare workers, nursing personnel in Healthcare workers, nursing personnel in particular, are at particularly high risk of particular, are at particularly high risk of musculoskeletal problemsmusculoskeletal problems

However, research has primarily focused However, research has primarily focused on the back region while there is growing on the back region while there is growing cause for concern in the relatively high cause for concern in the relatively high rates of symptoms in other body regionsrates of symptoms in other body regions

BackgroundBackground

To date the underlying mechanisms leading To date the underlying mechanisms leading to the onset of musculoskeletal symptom is to the onset of musculoskeletal symptom is not clear not clear

In order to effectively assess, treat, and In order to effectively assess, treat, and prevent musculoskeletal symptoms, it is prevent musculoskeletal symptoms, it is important to identify and understand these important to identify and understand these mechanisms.mechanisms.

Therefore a comprehensive examination of all Therefore a comprehensive examination of all possible risk factors needs to be conducted.possible risk factors needs to be conducted.

ObjectivesObjectives

1.1. To determine prevalence rates of To determine prevalence rates of musculoskeletal symptoms in single musculoskeletal symptoms in single and multiple body regions. and multiple body regions.

• Determine significant associations Determine significant associations between individual and work related between individual and work related factors and the onset of musculoskeletal factors and the onset of musculoskeletal symptoms.symptoms.

• Determine if the onset of musculoskeletal Determine if the onset of musculoskeletal symptoms in one body region are symptoms in one body region are independent of other body regionsindependent of other body regions

ObjectivesObjectives

2.2. To determine if the presence of To determine if the presence of certain subjective health complaints certain subjective health complaints are associated with higher rates of are associated with higher rates of musculoskeletal symptoms.musculoskeletal symptoms.

3.3. To determine the work factors that To determine the work factors that have a protective or risk effect on have a protective or risk effect on the onset of musculoskeletal the onset of musculoskeletal symptomssymptoms

Outcome AssessmentOutcome Assessment Demographic informationDemographic information

Age, Gender, Height, and WeightAge, Gender, Height, and Weight Lifestyle variablesLifestyle variables

Smoking, Alcohol consumption, and PrayerSmoking, Alcohol consumption, and Prayer General work related factorsGeneral work related factors

Yrs of Experience, Job Title, and Unit/WardYrs of Experience, Job Title, and Unit/Ward Musculoskeletal Symptoms – assessed using a Musculoskeletal Symptoms – assessed using a

modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom survey (OIC-11, developed by Dr Ash Symptom survey (OIC-11, developed by Dr Ash Genaidy)Genaidy)

Outcome AssessmentOutcome Assessment Subjective health complaints – assessed using OIC-11 Subjective health complaints – assessed using OIC-11

surveysurvey Work-related exposure variables were evaluated Work-related exposure variables were evaluated

using DS-94 and WE-9 surveys (developed By Dr Ash using DS-94 and WE-9 surveys (developed By Dr Ash Genaidy) to determine potential risk and protective Genaidy) to determine potential risk and protective factorsfactors

Factors includedFactors included Physical, mental, and sensory task requirementsPhysical, mental, and sensory task requirements Physical and socio-organizational environment requirementsPhysical and socio-organizational environment requirements Socio-organizational conditionsSocio-organizational conditions Economic and individual growth conditionsEconomic and individual growth conditions

ContributionContribution Overall contribution to the body of evidence Overall contribution to the body of evidence

regarding the prevalence of musculoskeletal regarding the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in single and multiple body regions symptoms in single and multiple body regions and the factors influencing the onset of these and the factors influencing the onset of these symptomssymptoms

First study to focus on a cohort of nursing First study to focus on a cohort of nursing personnel in the U.S.personnel in the U.S.

Increased understanding of underlying Increased understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in musculoskeletal mechanisms involved in musculoskeletal symptoms – possible propagation of symptoms symptoms – possible propagation of symptoms from one body region to anotherfrom one body region to another

ContributionContribution If significant associations are found between the If significant associations are found between the

presence of allergic conditions and presence of allergic conditions and musculoskeletal symptoms, appropriate strategies musculoskeletal symptoms, appropriate strategies can be developed for coping and management can be developed for coping and management

A more comprehensive understanding of the A more comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effects of most factors existing in the synergistic effects of most factors existing in the workplace and their impact upon the prevalence workplace and their impact upon the prevalence rates of symptomsrates of symptoms

Work factors having a positive (protective) effect Work factors having a positive (protective) effect or a negative (risk) effect can be identified and or a negative (risk) effect can be identified and assist health professionals as well as management assist health professionals as well as management in applying best workplace strategiesin applying best workplace strategies