nâng cao chất lượng cho vay tiêu dùng tại ngân hàng nông nghiệp và phát triển...

8/11/2019 Nng Cao Cht Lng Cho Vay Tiu Dng Ti Ngn Hng Nng Nghip V Pht Trin Nng Thn Gia Lm

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MC LC

LI M U..........................................................................................................................7

CHNG 1: NHNG VN C BN V TN DNG NGN HNG V CHT

LNG CH! V"# TI$U D%NG T&I NGN HNG THNG M&I...............................'1.1. Nhng l lun c bn v tn dng ngn hng...........................................................9

1.1.1. Khi nim v i tng cho vay...........................................................................9

1.1.1.1. Khi nim cho vay..........................................................................................9

1.1.1.2. i tng cho vay...........................................................................................9

1.1.2. Nguyn tc v iu kin cho vay..........................................................................9

1.1.2.1. Nguyn tc cho vay.........................................................................................9

1.1.2.2. iu kin cho vay..........................................................................................10

1.1.3. h!n "o#i cho vay................................................................................................121.1.3.1. !a v"o ch# th$ vay vn..............................................................................12

1.1.3.2. !a v"o m%c &'ch () *%ng vn vay..............................................................12

1.1.3.3. !a v"o th+i h,n cho vay.............................................................................12

1.1.3.-. !a v"o mc &/ t'n nhim c#a khch h"ng.................................................12

1.1.3.. !a v"o hng thc cho vay......................................................................13

1.1.3.. !a v"o hng thc ho"n t45 n vay.........................................................13

1.1.3.6. !a v"o 7u8t ( t'n *%ng..............................................................................13

1.2. Nhng l lun c bn v cho v! t"#u d$ng............................................................1%1.2.1. Khi nim$ i tng$ %c i&m v "i 'ch c(a cho vay tiu )*ng....................13

1.2.1.1. Khi nim c#a cho vay tiu *ng..................................................................13

1.2.1.2. i tng c#a cho vay tiu *ng..................................................................1-

1.2.1.3. :c &i$m c#a cho vay tiu *ng...................................................................1-

1.2.1.-. ;i 'ch c#a cho vay tiu *ng.......................................................................1

1.2.2. +c h,nh th-c cho vay tiu )*ng c(a ng!n hng thng m#i.........................1/

1.2.2.1. ..........................................................20

1.2.3. 0ai t c(a cho vay tiu )*ng i vi nn kinh t4.............................................21

1.2.3.1. @ai t4A c#a cho vay tiu *ng &i vBi khch h"ng........................................21

1.2.3.2. @ai t4A c#a cho vay tiu *ng &i vBi ngCn h"ng thng m,i......................21

1.2.3.3. @ai t4A c#a cho vay tiu *ng &i vBi nn kinh tD &8t nBc.........................22

1.2.5. +h6t "ng cho vay tiu )*ng............................................................................23

1.2.-.1. Khi nim ch8t Eng cho vay tiu *ng......................................................23

1.2.-.2.


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1.2.-.-. u5n t4L 4#i 4o t4ong ho,t &/ng cho vay tiu *ng t,i cc NGHI...............30

1.2.7. Kinh nghim cho vay tiu )*ng c(a cc N8: t#i m;t c i vi cc N8: 0it Nam......................................................................3/

1.2..1. Go,t &/ng cho vay tiu *ng t,i m/t ( nBc..............................................3

1.2..2. M"i hc kinh nghim 4Ot 4a &i vBi cc NGHI t,i @it Nam.......................-2

CHNG ): TH*C T+&NG CH! V"# TI$U D%NG T&I NGN HNG N,NG

NGHI- V H/T T+I0N N,NG TH,N CHI NH/NH GI" LM.................................

2.1. &"'" th"(u chung v Ngn hng n)ng ngh"(* v *h+t t,"-n n)ng th)n ch" nh+nh

&" L.............................................................................................................................//

2.1.1. ?ii thiu khi @ut v Ng!n hng nAng nghiB v Bht ti&n nAng thAn 0it

Nam...............................................................................................................................55

2.1.2. ?ii thiu v Ng!n hng nAng nghiB v Bht ti&n nAng thAn chi nhnh ?ia

C!m................................................................................................................................572.1.2.1. PiBi thiQu v tRnh hRnh 7S hTQi GuyQn Pia ;Cm.............................................-

2.1.2.2. ;Lch () hRnh th"nh v" ht t4i$n...................................................................-

2.1.2.3.


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2.2..2. @ * n cho vay..........................................................................................

2.2./. h!n t'ch ch6t "ng cho vay tiu )*ng t#i Ng!n hng nAng nghiB v Bht

ti&n nAng thAn chi nhnh ?ia C!m............................................................................D

2.2..1.


4/100

DEN@ MC CFC GHN& GIJK

B=>? 1: C@A A EF ?@ EFJK K EAK AK OPQ E=R? S..............................................2)

B=>? ): H EK W=>X Y Z X[E K\ E]= M^...............................................................22

B=>? 2: M_A AK OPQ E= WP EK` W=>X Y AaP N K\ M^...............................................2B=>? : TJK KJK K?Q Wbc O AaP NHN8TNT AK= K@K G=P LX Ed )ee7 ( )ee'.....7

B=>? f: TJK KJK Yg Sh O AaP NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=P LX Ed )ee7 Si )ee'.'

B=>? j: iE ?k l=K SPK AaP NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=P LX Ed )ee7 Wi )ee'.....fe

B=>? 7: TJK KJK AK OPQ E=R? S AaP NHN8TNT AK= K@K G=P LX Ed )ee7 Wi

)ee'........................................................................................................................................j

B=>? 9: Tm liE S n AK OPQ E=R? S Z NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=P LX Ed oX

)ee7 Wi oX )ee'................................................................................................................jfB=>? ': Cp Aq? AK OPQ E=R? S EK` EKr= =P Ed oX )ee7 Wi oX )ee'.....................jj

B=>? 1e: Cp Aq? AK OPQ E=R? S K EK` XhA WAK Yg Sh O Ed oX )ee7 Wi oX

)ee'........................................................................................................................................j9

B=>? 11: Cp Aq? AK OPQ E=R? S EK` Kp EK_A AK OPQ Ed )ee7 Wi )ee'................j'

B=>? 1): Vs ?PQ O AK OPQ E=R? S Ed oX )ee7 Wi oX )ee'.............................71

B=>? 12: K t]= n ?@ K] O\ n uq? EFR Em S n AK OPQ E=R? S Ed oX )ee7 Wi

oX )ee'................................................................................................................................7)

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5/100

DEN@ MC CFC 4O GIJK 4

B=>? Wv e1: D n AK OPQ E=R? S AaP NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=P LX ?P A@A oX

)ee7w )ee9 O\ )ee'................................................................................................................jj

B=>? Wv e): Cp Aq? AK OPQ E=R? S EK` EKr= =P AaP NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=PLX ?P A@A oX )ee7w )ee9 O\ )ee'...................................................................................j7

B=>? Wv e2: Cp Aq? AK OPQ E=R? S K EK` XhA WAK Yg Sh O AaP NHN 8 TNT

AK= K@K G=P LX ?P A@A oX )ee7w )ee9 O\ )ee'...........................................................j9

B=>? Wv e: Cp Aq? AK OPQ E=R? S EK` Kp EK_A AK OPQ AaP NHN 8 TNT AK=

K@K G=P LX ?P A@A oX )ee7w )ee9 O\ )ee'.................................................................j'

B=>? Wv ef: DPK Y EK? n AK OPQ E=R? S AaP NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=P LX ?P

A@A oX )ee7w )ee9 O\ )ee'..................................................................................................71

( f (


6/100

DEN@ MC CFC 0@KP0 N&Q RIS0 0T0

BHTG Bk K=>X E=x g=

CVTD CK OPQ E=R? S

CBTD C@ [ E Sh

Cw L CK= Kw t K

D Dy Ks

HNN I ]= KzA b K= I

H K@AK K\

D =K SPK

NHTM N K\ EKp X]=

NHNN N K\ NK\ A

NHN 8 TNT N K\ b K= O\ K@E EF=> b EKb

NHT{ N K\ EF? p

GD Ks =P S|AK

}L }?k t~TCTD Tm AK_A E Sh

TD T Sh

T4B T\= Yk k WkX

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LUI MV 4WK

0nh c=* th"t c? X t"

P S] K@ t\ X[E u? K EqE Qi? AaP Yy K@E EF=> EF K]E W[ l=K

SPK = AK? O\ K]E W[ K\ = F=R. A =E EFA K QR? A?X= AaP A]K EFPK O\ K[= K l=K Eiw \K K\ Kk= lKb d K@E

EF=> O\ EJX l=iX K K W= X= K Kn W> OdP A EK> W@ _ \Q A\ EE

Kp K? A? AaP lK@AK K\ OdP W_ O EF Ap AKi EK| EFr. MZ F[ AK

OPQ E=R? S t\ X[E K W= K OQ O\ AP AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S t\

=k= K@ AKa Qi?.

CK OPQ E=R? S W u?qE K= Z A@A A K@E EF=> Ed K oX 7e AaP EKi

l EFA. V=E NPXw K]E W[ \Q X= AK WnA A@A K\ EKp X]= AK ~lKk 1f oX EFZ t]= WQ. H= PQw AK OPQ E=R? S t\ Xk EK| EFr E=xX o

X\ EqE Ak A@A K\ Wx? K E=. V=E NPX O= S Y lKk 9f EF=? r=

O\ X_A EK? K AaP r= S \Q A\ Eo K_P K Y t\ Y AKp= @ t F[

XZ AK A@A K\ EKp X]= = F=R O\ EqE Ak A@A Em AK_A E Sh = AK?.

= O= NHN 8 TNT V=E NPX EKJ AP AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S

t\ XhA E=R? EFA XE O\ t? S\= AaP K\w KX K@E EF=> K]E W[ K\

@ t A K = O O| EF X[E EF K NHTM K\ W? V=E NPX.

CKK OJ OQw YP? X[E EKr= =P EKyA E E]= NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=P

LXw `X K EKqQ WnA E=xX o AaP K]E W[ \Q O\ EX ?P EFz AaP O=A

EKyA K= O\ AP AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S W= O= Yy K@E EF=> t? S\= AaP

K\. D W `X tyP AKz Wx E\= YNng co ch=t l6>ng cho v! t"#u d$ng t"

Ngn hng n)ng ngh"(* v *h+t t,"-n n)ng th)n &" LZ W> K=R A_?w EJX

K=>? O\ Ed W WP FP l=i K| O\ Wx u?qE W> K@E EF=> K]E W[ \Q.

Mc t"#u ngh"#n c[u

Td t~ EK?QiE A O= Yy K=R A_? EJX K=>? AaP k EKw SyP EFR EJK KJK

EKyA Ei AaP AK OPQ E=R? S E]= AK= K@Kw W> EJX FP =k= K@ AP AKqE tn

AaP AK OPQ E=R? S E]= NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=P LX.

4;" t6>ng ngh"#n c[u

Co A_ O\ P XhA E=R? EFRw W= En O\ K]X O= K=R A_? AaP t? Oo

E EF? O\ K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S Z NHN 8 TNT AK= K@K G=P LX

EF 2 oX )ee7w )ee9 O\ )ee'.

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Bh6ng *h+* ngh"#n c[u

Kp K@ K=R A_? WnA Yg Sh AKa Qi? t\ Kp K@ EK? EK

EKb E= O\ Kp K@ K EAK. TKb E= EK? EK WnA EKb ?P K=x? lRK

K ?@ EFJK EKyA E EFyA E=i E]= K\w K Oq A@ [ Ab K O=R AaP

K\w A@A @ A@ E\= AKK oXw @ A@ E Sh Kp K@ K EAK Yg

Sh A@A EKb E= \Qw liE Kn O= Kp K@ Y Y@Kw W= AK=i?w Em Kn EKb

E=w Ed W WP FP K K W|K Ox EJK KJK AK OPQ E=R? S Z NHN 8 TNT

AK= K@K G=P LX.

\t c=u c? X t"

N\= K Lr= XZ W?w iE t? O\ SPK XhA E\= t=? EKPX lKkw Wx E\= WnAliE Aq? EK\K 2 AKp:

+hng 1WNK Oq Wx Ap k Ox E Sh K\ O\ AKqE tn AK

OPQ E=R? S E]= N K\ EKp X]=

+hng 2WTKyA EF] AK OPQ E=R? S Z N K\ b K= O\ K@E

EF=> b EKb G=P LX

+hng 3WM[E Y =k= K@ Ap k KX AP AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R?

S E]= N K\ b K= O\ K@E EF=> b EKb G=P LX

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C@]N& 1

N@QN& R^N 4_ C GHN R_ 0`N DN& N&aN @N& R C@^0

L]N& C@ REe 0IfK DN& 0I N&aN @N& 0@]N& MI

1.1. Nhng l lun c bn v tn dng ngn hng

1.1.1. \h+" n"( v X;" t6>ng cho v!

1.1.1.1. \h+" n"( cho v!

CK OPQ AaP NHTM t\ O=A AK?Q> Kn E]X EKr= X[E tn =@ EF| Ed

NHTM r= YZ K? YP lK@AK K\ OPQ r= Yg Sh YP? X[E EKr= =P KqE

W|K ?PQ EFZ t]= NHTM O= tn =@ EF| t Kp tn =@ EF| P W?. HPQ A EK>

K=>? AK OPQ AaP NHTM t\ ?P K =P X[E R t\ r= AK OPQ NHTM

A@AK AK?Q> =P E=x KA E\= Yk AK R r= OPQ lK@AK K\ OPQ W> Yg ShEF X[E EKr= =P KqE W|K O= APX liE AaP r= OPQ t\ K\ EFk Ak A O\ t= lK=

Wi K]. CK OPQ t\ ?Qx AaP NHTM. VJ OQ NHTM A ?Qx QR? A? lK@AK K\

OPQ Kk= E? EKa K W=x? l= XP EK K@ t~ KX WkX k O=A EFk n lK=

Wi K].

1.1.1.2. 4;" t6>ng cho v!

NHTM AK AK OPQ W@ _ K? A? OPQ O Kn K@ EK` ?Q W|K AaP

K@ t?E. A lK@A KP? A ?Q W|K W= En OPQ lK@A KP?. V=E NPX EK`L?E A@A Em AK_A E Shw L?E K\ NK\ NA O\ A@A Oo k K= K\K ?Q

W|K Em AK_A E Sh lKb WnA AK OPQ K K? A? OPQ O W> EKyA K= A@A

[= S? K: M?P YX A@A E\= Yk O\ AK= K KJK EK\K E\= Yk X\ K@ t?E AqX

X?P @w AK?Q> Knw AK?Q> Wm= EKPK E@ A@A lKk AK= K W> EKyA K= A@A

=P S|AK X\ K@ t?E AqX W@ _ A@A K? A? E\= AKK W> =P S|AK X\ K@ t?E

AqX.

1.1.2. Ngu!#n tic v X"u 7"(n cho v!

1.1.2.1. Ngu!#n tic cho v!

> WkX k P E\ Ow EF ?@ EFJK AK OPQ A@A K\ EKp X]=

t?b Kk= E? EKa A@A ?QR EA YP? WQ:

0"n v! *h" X6>c :j dng Xkng c Xch X tho thun t,ong h>*

Xmng tn dng

TK` ?QR EA \Q EKJ Xz= lKk OPQ Wx? Kk= WnA u@A W|K EFA Ox XhA

WAK l=K Ei. BZ= OQw A@A SPK K= O\ A@ K A K? A? OPQ Ow EFA lK= OPQKk= EFJK \Q O= K\ XhA WAK OPQ Ow g= AK K\ A@A li K]AK KPQ

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Sy @ Yk u?qE l=K SPKw A@A Kn Wv A? Aq O\ E=R? EKh Yk KXw A@A E\= t=?

li E@ W> K\ u`X uEw AK OPQ. K= AK OPQw K\ A lK@AK K\ t

Kn Wv E Sh OPQ O O\ lK@AK K\ Kk= APX liE Yg Sh E=x OPQ W XhA

WAK O\ W=x? \Q WnA K= EF Kn Wv OPQ O.

4P? lK= W K WnA E=x OPQ lK@AK K\ Kk= Yg Sh W XhA WAK KW APX liE. N K\ A EF@AK K=X l=>X Y@E O=A Yg Sh O AaP lK@AK K\w

i? lK@AK K\ Yg Sh O OPQ YP= XhA WAK K\ Kk= @ Sh A@A = K@

AKi E\= EKAK Kn KX o dP Fa= F A EK> ukQ FP AK K\.

0"n v! *h" hon t, Xkng hn X! X? c g;c v l"

H\ EFk t\ EK?[A EK O A AaP E Shw Yy K\ EFk t\ X= ?P EX K\

W? AaP A@A K\ lK= AK OPQ. TK? Kv= n Ak A O\ t= W K] t\ Ap YZ W> A@A

K\ EKp X]= Ev E]= O\ K@E EF=>.

N?v O AK OPQ AaP K\ AKa Qi? t\ ?v O K?Q W[w K\

t\ r= W= OPQ W> AK OPQ. N K\ Kk= WkX k K\ EFk WQ Waw l| EKr= AK

r= g= lK= Kz A K? A? FE E=x. VJ OQw K\ Ws= K= r= OPQ O Kk=

K\ EFk AK K\ W K]. Ni? K\ lKb EK? Kv= KA lKb EK? Kv=

W K] A@A lKk AK OPQ EKJ A lKk o S Wi XqE lKk o EKPK E@ O\ K@

Yk.

N\= FPw EF ?@ EFJK EKyA K= A@A K= Oh E Sh AaP XJKw K\ Kk= W A@A AK= K K: EFk t= E=x g=w AK= K q AKw EFk tp A@ [

K O=Rw [ EK?iw EFAK t A@A ?^ D Ww K\ Kk= EK? EKRX lKk

AKRK tAK \= Y O A AK OPQ.

> A EK> EKyA K= WnA ?QR EA \Q EF ?k t~ O OPQ K\

Kk= u@A W|K EKr= K] AK OPQw A@A l K] n AaP Ed lKk OPQw Wv EKr= EKr

u?QR EK` S=w Wb WA lK@AK K\ EF O=A EFk n.

1.1.2.2. 4"u 7"(n cho v!

K@AK K\ AK A EK> OPQ O AaP K\ lK= Kz EKk X EqE Ak A@A W=x?

l= OPQ O. TK` t?E K@ V=E NPXw [= S? A@A W=x? l= OPQ O vX:

0h[ nh=tw lK@AK K\ Kk= A Wa E A@AK K@ t~

}?P K TD =P K\ O= lK@AK K\ t\ ?P K WnA K@ t?E k O.

VJ OQw Kk= WnA t EFR Ap YZ ?Q W|K AaP t?E K@. D Ww A@A AKa EK> EKPX

=P ?P K Kk= A Wa E A@AK K@ t~. Hp EKi EF ?P K E Sh Y K@E Y=K

Yy AK?Q> =P O\ =P S|AK Ox E\= Yk S W A A Yy u@A K AaP A@A R EKPX =P

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EK` W ?Q W|K AaP t?E K@. NK OQw lK@AK K\ Kk= A Wa E A@AK K@ t~

W> EKyA K= A@A =P S|AK.

0h[ h"w O OPQ Kk= WnA Yg Sh Kn K@

V OPQ Kk= WnA Yg Sh Kn K@ E_A t\ lKb O= K]X K@ t?E O\ XhA

WAK Yg Sh O OPQ K Kn O= Wo l~ l=K SPK AaP SPK K=w Em AK_A

l=K Ei. VJ OQw lK= lK@AK K\ Yg Sh O qE Kn K@ EKJ A@A E\= Yk W Y |

K Ek KA | E|AK EK? Ed W kK KZ E= lKk o K\ EFk A O\ t= AK

K\. N\= FPw lK= O OPQ Yg Sh qE Kn K@ EKJ E A@AK K@ t~ AaP lK@AK K\

A EK> | XqE W= S W kK KZ E= ?P K E Sh Kn K@ =P K\ O=

lK@AK K\.

0h[ bw lK@AK K\ Kk= A o tyA E\= AKK t\K X]K Wa W> WkX k

K\ EFk E=x OPQ W K] W APX liE.

L~ S lK@AK K\ Kk= A EJK KJK E\= AKK t\K X]K A EK> WnA K=>? K

YP?: SPK K= A EJK KJK E\= AKK t\K X]K E_A t\ SPK K= W A lKk

o ?k t~ EE: AK_ X=K Yy K@E EF=> m W|K AaP lK@AK K\ WkX k AK

lK@AK K\ A Ap YZ O AKA Ox E\= AKK W> WkX k AK APX liE K\ EFk E=x

OPQ W K].

0h[ t6OlK@AK K\ Kk= A Kp @w Sy @ Yk u?qE l=K SPK lKk EK= O\

K=? ?k W= O= lK@AK K\ A Sy @w Kp @ Yk u?qE l=K SPK.

K@AK K\ Kk= A Kp @ lKk EK= O\ K=? ?k OJ k AKqE AaP NHTM t\

Em AK_A l=K SPK EF W O=A AK OPQ Kk= WkX k A@A ?QR EA Y=K tr= Ap

k. D W Sy @ O\ Kp @ X\ K\ E\= EFn O Kk= WkX k EK lKk EK=

O\ K=? ?k.

TF K]E W[ E Sh AaP NHTMw ?v EK? Ed Kp @ O\ Sy @ OPQ

O WnA A= t\ ?v EK? EK_ KqE WkX k P E\ O A K K@E EF=> t=R

EhA AaP lK@AK K\ O\ K\.

0h[ nOlK@AK K\ Kk= EKyA K= WkX k E=x OPQ EK` ?Q W|K. NHTM

?P EX Wi WkX k E=x OPQ OJ:

kX k E=x OPQ t\ Ab Ah k WkX EF O=A EKyA K= EF@AK K=X O\

KP Oh AaP H EF ?P K OPQ O.

kX k E=x OPQ A A? Aq ?v EKPK E@ EK_ KP= AK NHTM

EF EFr Kn lK@AK K\ lKb EFk WnA lKk OPQ

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1.1.%. Bhn lo" cho v!

1.1.%.1. D vo ch? th- v! v;n

CK OPQ SPK K=

CK OPQ K[ A@ EK>1.1.%.2. D vo c Xch :j dng v;n v!

CK OPQ l=K SPK qE W[ Yk

CK OPQ KhA Oh Yk u?qE l=K SPK Ab EKp K=

CK OPQ b K=

CK OPQ KhA Oh K? A? Wr= Y

CK OPQ l=K SPK u?qE K lK?

1.1.%.%. D vo thp" hn cho v!

CK OPQ K]: t\ A@A lKk OPQ A EKr= K] AK OPQ EF Os 1) EK@

CK OPQ EF? K]: t\ A@A lKk OPQ A EKr= K] AK OPQ Ed EFR 1) EK@ Wi

je EK@.

CK OPQ S\= K]: t\ A@A lKk OPQ A EKr= K] AK OPQ Ed EFR je EK@ EFZ tR

1.1.%./. D vo [c Xq tn nh"( c? 7h+ch hng

CK OPQ A WkX k

CK OPQ A WkX k t\ KJK EK_A Aq E Sh A E\= Yk WkX k KA A Yy

k tK AaP r= EK_ P. CK OPQ A WkX k E\= Yk lK@AK K\ OPQ AKa Qi?

WnA EKyA K= A@A KJK EK_A YP? WQ:

CK OPQ AX A AK_ lK@

CK OPQ AX A EKp K=i?

CK OPQ AX A Kn Wv EK? lK@

CK OPQ AX A K\ K@

CK OPQ EKi AKq qE W[ Yk

CK OPQ A WkX k AaP r= k tK

CK OPQ lKb A WkX k

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CK OPQ lKb A WkX k E\= Yk t\ O=A Em AK_A E Sh AK lK@AK

K\ OPQ O lKb A E\= Yk AX Aw EKi AKq KA lKb A k tK AaP r=

EK_ P E\= Yk. Tm AK_A E Sh lK= AK OPQ O AK SyP O\ ?Q E AaP lK@AK

K\ W> u`X uE AK OPQ. K@AK K\ A ?Q E t\ lK@AK K\ A o tyA E\= AKK

t\K X]Kw EF? EKyA EF l=K SPKw ?k EF| A K=? ?kw A E K=X O= EmAK_A E Sh AK OPQ EF Yg Sh O OPQw K\ EFk n Ak A O\ t=.

1.1.%.3. D vo *h6ng th[c cho v!

CK OPQ EK` X OPQ

CK OPQ EK` K] X_A E Sh

CK OPQ EK` K] X_A E Sh t\ Kp K@ AK OPQ X\ K\ O\

lK@AK K\ EKk EK? u@A W|K X[E K] X_A TD S?Q EFJ EF X[E EKr= =P KqEW|Kw WnA K\ O\ lK@AK K\ EKk EK? EF Kn Wv TD.

CK OPQ EK` K] X_A E Sh EKr @ Sh AK A@A SPK K= X\

EF ?@ EFJK K]E W[ Yk u?qE l=K SPK Kz EKr u?QR A K? A? OPQ EFkw

A EA W[ t? AK?Q> O E Sh KPKw A E K=X O= K\ EF ?P K

E Sh E_A t\ OPQ O O\ EFk n Ys K.

CK OPQ EK` K] X_A EKq? AK=

1.1.%.r. D vo *h6ng th[c hon t, n> v! CK OPQ A K=x? l K] EFk n: KPQ As z= t\ AK OPQ EFk .

CK OPQ AK A 1 EKr= K] EFk n KPQ As z= t\ AK OPQ EFk n 1 t lK= W@

K].

CK OPQ EFk n K=x? t K lKb A l K] n Ah EK> X\ E? O\ lKk

o E\= AKK AaP XJKw r= W= OPQ A EK> EFk n qE A_ tA \.

1.1.%.s. D vo u=t :[ tn dng CK OPQ EFyA E=i

CK OPQ =@ E=i

1.2. Nhng l lun c bn v cho v! t"#u d$ng

1.2.1. \h+" n"(O X;" t6>ngO Xc X"- v l>" ch c? cho v! t"#u d$ng

1.2.1.1. \h+" n"( c? cho v! t"#u d$ng

CK OPQ E=R? S t\ A@A lKk AK OPQ KX E\= EFn AK K? A? AK= E=R? AaPr= E=R? S P vX A@ K O\ K[ =P WJK.

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1.2.1.2. 4;" t6>ng c? cho v! t"#u d$ng

C K=x? A@AK K t]= W= En lK@A KP?w A@AK Km =i KqE t\ AK=PKX SyP EFR lKk o E\= AKK AaP lK@AK K\ K YP?:

+ NKX W= En lK@AK K\ A EK? K EKq: V= KX W= En

\Q EKJ K? A? EKr lKb APw O=A OPQ O AK W> A =P EK? K O\ AK=

E=R?.

+ NKX W= En A EK? K EF? JK: NK? A? OPQ E=R? S A u?

K Eo X]Kw lK@AK K\ EK?[A KX W= En \Q X? OPQ W> E=R? S Kp

t\ FP lKk E=iE l=X Sy Ks AaP XJK.+ NKX W= En A EK? K AP: NK? A? OPQ E=R? S kQ Y=K

KX t\X Eo lKk o EKPK E@ O\ A= K X[E lKk Kh EFn t=K K]E W> AK=

E=R? lK= E=x O EAK t?^ AaP K[ WP WnA W? E EF? O\ S\= K]. HPQ = A@AK

lK@Aw A@A lKk OPQ E=R? S \Q WnA A= t\ ?v _ EFA AaP tn= K? S W?

E XP t]=. NK r= EK?[A KX \Q EKr u?QR A AK= E=R? EF XhA WAK

E=R? S O= Y E=x t.

1.2.1.%. 4c X"- c? cho v! t"#u d$ng+ }?Q Xb AaP Ed Kn Wv OPQ EKr Kw S Wi AK= K Em AK_A

AK OPQ APw OJ OQ t= Y?qE AK OPQ E=R? S EKr AP Kp Y O= t= Y?qE AaP A@A

t]= AK OPQ EF tK OyA EKp X]= O\ Ab K=.

+ NK? A? OPQ E=R? S AaP lK@AK K\ EKr Kh EK?[A O\ AK? l

l=K Ei.

+ NK? A? OPQ E=R? S AaP lK@AK K\ K? K E A S O= t= Y?qE

X\ EKb EKr r= W= OPQ ?P EX E= Y E=x Kk= EKPK E@ Kp t\ t= Y?qE X\Kz Kk= AK|?.

+ M_A EK? K O\ EFJK W[ KzA Oq t\ KP= =i Y A ?P K FqE XE

EK=iE E= K? A? OPQ E=R? S AaP lK@AK K\.

+ CKqE tn A@A EKb E= E\= AKK AaP lK@AK K\ OPQ EKr lKb

AP.

+ N?v EFk n AKa Qi? AaP r= W= OPQ A EK> =i W[ tw Kh EK?[A

O\ ?@ EFJK t\X O=Aw l^ o O\ l=K K=X W= O= Ab O=A AaP K r=

\Q.

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15/100

+ T A@AK AaP lK@AK K\ t\ Qi? E lK u@A W|K Y t]= FqE ?P EFzw

?QiE W|K Yy K\ EFk AaP lKk OPQ.

1.2.1./. L>" ch c? cho v! t"#u d$ng

M[E KJK EK_A AK OPQ X? Ev E]= O\ K@E EF=> EF K]E W[ AaP

K\ EKJ k EK Kk= W`X t]= K tn= AK EK=iE EKyA AK K r= W E] FP

O\ Yg Sh . HJK EK_A AK OPQ E=R? S W u?qE K= Ed t? O\ AK Wi PQ K]E

W[ AaP O lKb d WnA A@A K\ ?P EX K@E EF=>w lK@AK K\

Yg Shw AKK Ka A@A A Wv EJK a K[.

= O= K\w \= KP= KnA W=>X AKK t\ Fa= F O\ AK= K APw AK

OPQ E=R? S A K tn= AK ?P EFz K:

CK OPQ E=R? S = Eo lKk o A]K EFPK AaP K\ O=

A@A K\ O\ A@A Em AK_A E Sh lK@Aw EK? KE WnA W= En lK@AK K\ X=w

Ed W X\ XZ F[ ?P K O= lK@AK K\. B A@AK AP O\ XZ F[ X]

t=w WP S] K@ Yk KXw AP AKqE tn S|AK Oh AK OPQ E=R? Sw Y tn

lK@AK K\ Wi O= K\ Y \Q A\ K=x? Kp O\ KJK kK AaP K\ Y

A\ W Kp EF A XE lK@AK K\. TF ~ K AaP Ab AKw K\

lKb AK t\ Em AK_A AK =iE ?P EX Wi A@A Ab EQ O\ SPK K= X\

K\ As FqE ?P EX E= K K? A? K w A EK=iE AaP r= E=R? Sw W@

_ ?Q Oz Ak= EK= Wr= Y AaP r= E=R? S. Td W X\ ?Q E AaP K\ \Q A\ WnA AP Kp.

CK OPQ E=R? S A t\ X[E Ab Ah XPFl`E= FqE K=? ?kw K=x?

r= Y =iE E= K\ Kp. Td W X\ K\ A Y K?Q W[ WnA K=x?

?v E=x g= AaP S A.

CK OPQ E=R? S E] W=x? l= XZ F[ O\ WP S] K@ l=K SPK Ed

W X\ AP EK? K O\ K E@ Fa= F AK K\.

= O= r= E=R? Sw Kr AK OPQ E=R? S Kz WnA KZ A@A E= AKEFA lK= EAK tQ Wa E=x O\ WA =E ?P EFz Kp FqE A EK=iE AK K

EFr Kn lK= A@ K A A@A AK= E=R? A EK Aq @AKw K? K A? AK= E=R? AK

=@ ShA O\ Q Ei. T?Q OQw i? t]X Sh O=A W= OPQ W> E=R? S EKJ A FqE EP= K]=

OJ A EK> t\X AK r= W= OPQ AK= E=R? OnE ?@ X_A AK Kw t\X =kX lKk

o E=iE l=X KA AK= E=R? EF Ep tP=w As FqE K=RX EFz Kp i? XqE lKk

o AK= EFk EKJ r= \Q A EK> FqE K=x? K=x E@= EF A?[A Y.

C?= Aw W= O= x l=K Eiw AK OPQ E=R? S K lKp= EKb t?vAK?Q> S|AK K\ K@. }?@ EFJK Yk u?qE O\ t? EKb K\ K@ i? K lKb A

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E=R? S EKJ EqE Qi? Y | EA Kw K\ K@ lKb E=R? EKh WnA S E= SPK

K= | _ Wz O O\ Wp K=R ?@ EFJK Yk u?qE lKb EK> E=i EhA. VP= EFs

AaP K\ tA \Q EFZ R ?P EFz Kp P =r KiE. N K\ AK r= E=R?

S OPQ O W E] FP lKk o EKPK E@ AK Kz EFA lK= Kz EAK t?^ Wa Y E=x

A EK=iE. K@AK K\ A E=x Y EJX Wi SPK K= X?P K\ O\ SPK K=E=R? EKh WnA K\ K@w YP? W X= A lKk o EKPK E@ n AK K\. K= W

E=R? EKh WnA K\ K@w SPK K= Y XZ F[ Yk u?qE O\ Y EJX E= K\ W>

E=i EhA OPQ O. NK OQw K\ AK OPQ E=R? S Y A tn= AK Ak P R:

r= E=R? Sw SPK K= O\ K\ KPQ AKK t\ A tn= AK Ak x l=K Ei.

TX t]=w AK OPQ E=R? S WnA S W> E\= EFn AK AK= E=R? Ox K\ K@ O\ S|AK Oh

EF A EKJ A E@A Sh FqE EE AK O=A lAK A?w E] W=x? l= EKA WQ Eo

EFZ l=K Ei. 4w i? A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S lKb WnA S K OQ EKJ

AK K lKb lAK WnA A? X\ K=x? lK= As t\X =kX lKk o E=iE l=XEF A.

1.2.2. C+c hnh th[c cho v! t"#u d$ng c? ngn hng th6ng "

K t]= AK OPQ t\ O=A Y ui A@A lKk AK OPQ EK` Ed KX SyP EFR

X[E Y E=R? EK_A KqE W|K. V=A K t]= AK OPQ A Ap YZ lKP KzA t\ E=x Wx W>

EK=iE t A@A ?Q EFJK AK OPQ EKAK Kn O\ AP K=? ?k ?k EF| Fa= F E

Sh. K t]= AK OPQ E=R? S SyP O\ A@A Ao A_ YP? WQ:

1.2.2.1. Cn c[ vo c Xch v!

CK OPQ E=R? S A EF +`Y=S`E=Pt MFEP` LP: CK OPQ E=R?

S A EF t\ A@A lKk AK OPQ KX E\= EFn AK K? A? X?P YXw uQ Sy KA

Ak= E] K\ Z AaP lK@AK K\ t\ A@ K KA K[ =P WJK.

CK OPQ E=R? S K= A EF NF`Y=S`E=Pt MFEP` LP: CK OPQ

E=R? S K= A EF t\ A@A lKk AK OPQ E\= EFn AK O=A EFP EFk= A@A AK= K X?P

YX u` A[w Wv S =P WJKw AK= K KzA K\Kw =k= EF O\ S? t|AK...

1.2.2.2. Cn c[ vo *h6ng th[c hon t,w

Cho v! t"#u d$ng t, gx* yIn:tllznt Con:uz, Lon{

Q t\ KJK EK_A AK OPQ E=R? S EF W r= W= OPQ EFk n vX Y E=x

A O\ t= AK K\ K=x? tw EK` K l K] KqE W|K EF EKr= K] AK

OPQ. Kp EK_A \Q EKr WnA @ Sh AK A@A lKk OPQ A =@ EF| t KA EK?

K Ed W|K l AaP r= W= OPQ lKb Wa lKk o EKPK E@ KiE X[E t Y n

OPQ.

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17/100

= O= t]= AK OPQ E=R? S \Qw A@A K\ EKr AK ~ E= X[E Y

Oq Wx Ap kw A EK ?QR EA YP?:

L]= E\= Yk WnA E\= EFn: TK= AK EFk n AaP r= W= OPQ Y EE Kp

i? E\= Yk KJK EK\K Ed E=x OPQ W@ _ K? A? EK=iE Qi? W= O= Kz t? S\= EF

Ep tP=. K= tyP AKz E\= Yk W> E\= EFnw K\ EKr AK ~ Wi W=x? l= \QwR EKr AK X? E\= EFn K? A? X?P YX K E\= Yk A EKr= K] Yg Sh t?

x KA A =@ EF| t. VJ F O= K t]= E\= Yk K OQw r= E=R? S Y

WnA KZ K E= AK Ed AK EF X[E EKr= =P S\=.

4 E=x Kk= EFk EFA: TKb EKrw K\ QR? A? r= W= OPQ

Kk= EKPK E@ EFA X[E K =@ EF| E\= Yk A X?P YX Y E=x \Q WnA z= t\

Y E=x EFk EFA K As t]=w K\ Y AK OPQ. 4 E=x EFk EFA A Kk= Wa

t W> X[E XEw t\X AK r= W= OPQ K F Kz AKK t\ AKa YZ K? AaP E\= YkwXE lK@A A E@A Sh K] AKi Fa= F AK K\. M[E lK= lKb AkX K WnA

F XK t\ AKa YZ K? AaP E\= Yk KJK EK\K Ed E=x OPQ EKJ r= W= OPQ A EK> Y

A EK@= W[ X= A EF O=A EFk n. N\= FPw lK= lK@AK K\ lKb K@E X= E\=

Yk W> EK? Kv= n. H? KiE A@A E\= Yk W ?P Yg Sh Wx? | =kX =@ EF|w E_A t\ =@ EF|

EK| EFr K Kp =@ EF| K]AK E@ AaP E\= Ykw AK R Y E=x EFk EFA A X[E OP=

EFs FqE ?P EFz = K\ K] AKi Fa= F. 4 E=x EFk EFA K=x? KPQ E EKr

E? EK?[A O\ A@A Qi? E YP?: = L]= E\= Yk: = O= A@A E\= Yk A X_A W[ =kX =@

KPK EKJ Y E=x EFk EFA K=x? O\ nA t]=w W= O= A@A E\= Yk A X_A W[ =kX =@

AKX EKJ Y E=x EFk EFA E == TK| EFr E=R? EKh E\= Yk lK= W Yg Sh: E\= Yk lK=

W Yg Sh i? O A EK> WnA E=i EhA X?Pw @ S S\ EKJ Y E=x EFk EFA A u?

K EKqw nA t]= i? E\= Yk W ?P Yg Sh X\ FqE lK EJX WnA EK| EFr E=R?

EKh EKJ Y E=x EFk EFA A u? K AP Kp === Mb= EFr l=K Ei =O No tyA

E\= AKK AaP r= W= OPQ.

CK= K E\= EFn: L\ AK= K X\ r= W= OPQ Kk= EFk AK K\ AK

O=A Yg Sh O. CK= K E\= EFn AKa Qi? P vX t= OPQ O\ A@A AK= K lK@A A t=R?P. CK= K E\= EFn Kk= EFP EFk= AK WnA AK= K O E\= EFnw AK= K K]E W[w

Fa= Fw Wv EKr= XP t]= X[E K tn= K? EKk W@ AK K\.

=x? l= EKPK E@: K= u@A W|K A@A W=x? lKk t=R ?P Wi O=A

EKPK E@ n AaP lK@AK K\w K\ EKr AK ~ E= X[E Y Oq Wx YP?: = 4

E=x EKPK E@ X= W|K l Kk= K Kn O= lKk o Ox EK? Kw EF X= ?P

K K\= KsP O= A@A K? A? AK= E=R? lK@A AaP lK@AK K\ == G=@ EF| AaP E\= Yk E\= EFn

lKb WnA EKq Kp Y E=x E\= EFn AKP WnA EK? Kv= === K] EFk n Kk= EK?tn= AK O=A EFk n AaP lK@AK K\. K] EFk n EKr EK` EK@. VJ tw EKb

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EKrw ?v EFk n AKK AaP r= OPQ E=R? S t\ tp WnA K K\ EK@

=O TKr= K] E\= EFn lKb R ?@ S\=. TKr= K] E\= EFn | == K] Z= EKr= K] K]E

W[ AaP E\= Yk E\= EFn. TKr= K] E\= EFn ?@ S\= S t\X =@ EF| E\= Yk E\= EFn | =kX

X]K. Hp Pw lK= EKr= K] E\= EFn ?@ S\= EKJ EK= AK EFk n AaP r= W= OPQ A

K O=A EK? Kv= n EKr K=x? FA F=. 4 E=x lK@AK K\ Kk= EKPK E@ AK K\ X= W|K l A EK> WnA EK X[E Y A@A Kp K@ YP?:

Kp K@ [ "SS( M`EKS: Q t\ Kp K@ WnA @

Sh EF AK OPQ EFk w S EK AKqE Wp =k O\ S K=>? AaP . TK` Kp

K@ \Qw EFA KiE t= WnA EK A@AK tqQ O A K O= t= Y?qE O\ EKr= K]

OPQw YP? W A[ [ O\ O A Fv= AK=P AK Y l K] Kk= EKPK E@ W> EJX Y

E=x Kk= EKPK E@ Z X= W|K l. Cb EK_A EK E@ K YP?:

( )n

;@H +=

TF W: T t\ Y E=x Kk= EKPK E@ AK K\ X= l K]

V t\ O A

L t\ AK= K E\= EFn P vX t= OPQ Kk= EKPK E@ O\ A@A AK=

K lK@A A t=R ?P

t\ Y l K]

TK` Kp K@ [w t= WnA EK EFR Ap YZ O A P W? AK E\ [

EKr= K] OPQ. TF lK= Ww O\ X= W|K lw r= W= OPQ Kk= EKPK E@ X[E K

O A AK R O A P W? WnA =kX S EF EKr= K] OPQ. V= A@AK EK

K OQw t= Y?qE WnA S W> EK t= lKb Kk= t\ t= Y?qE EKyA Yy WnA @ Sh

W= O= r= W= OPQ. > k O ?Qx tn= AaP r= OPQw lK= EK E@ EK` Kp

K@ \Qw K@ t?E A@A A EKr QR? A? K\ Kk= ?Q Wm= Ed t= Y?qE EK

E@ YP t= Y?qE K=? Sh O\ =RX QiE W> r= OPQ S S\ A KA AK= K OPQ

Xn X\ XJK Y Kk= EFk AK K\w Ed W A ?QiE W|K tyP AKz Kn t~.Cb EK_A W> ?Q Wm= FP t= Y?qE K=? Sh K YP?:

( )1)

+

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TF W: = t\ t= Y?qE K=? Sh

X t\ Y l K] EKPK E@ EF X[E oX

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W> =kX @K Ox Y E=x EKPK E@ X= l K]. TKi K Ab EK_A EFR AK

EKqQ lK= A\ t EKJ t= Y?qE K=? Sh A\ A =@ EF| AP Kp. C KP t\w r=

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W= OPQ Kk= EFk AK K\ t= Y?qE AP Kp i? Kz X? WnA E\= EFn O= EKr= K]

S\= Kp.

Kp K@ t= Wp 4=Xt` IE`F`YE MÈKS: TK` Kp K@ \Qw

O A r= W= OPQ Kk= EFk Ed W|K l WnA EK Wx? KP?w A@AK tqQ O

A P W? AK=P AK Y l K] EKPK E@. Cs t= Kk= EFk X= W|K l WnA EKEFR Y E=x lK@AK K\ EKyA Yy As EK=i? K\.

Kp K@ =@ K= K\K F`YÈ VPt?` MÈKS: TK` Kp

K@ \Qw Y E=x Kk= EFk K\ l EF Ep tP= Wx? WnA ?Q Ox =@ EF| K= E]=.

TKb EKrw r= W= OPQ WnA ?Qx EKPK E@ E=x OPQ EFA K] X\

lKb | K]E. Ni? E=x EFk WnA EK EK` Kp K@ t= Wp O\ Kp K@

=@ K= K\K EKJ Oq Wx FqE Wp =kw r= W= OPQ Kk= EKPK E@ E\ [ O A

As EK=i? O\ t= OPQ AaP l K] K= E]= i? A AK K\. T?Q K=Rw i? E=xEFk WnA EK Kp K@ [ EKJ Oq Wx A K K_A E] Kp. VJ EK`

Kp K@ [w t= WnA EK SyP EFR Ap YZ =k W|K F E=x OPQ Y WnA lK@AK

K\ Yg Sh AK Wi tA liE EKA Kn Wvw AK R i? lK@AK K\ EFk n EFA

K] EKJ EKr= K] n EKyA Ei Y lK@A O= EKr= K] n =k W|K P W? O\ K OQ Y

E=x t= Kk= EFk A A Yy EKPQ Wm=. TF EFr Kn \Qw K\ EKr @

Sh A@A Kp K@ = K A@A Kp K@ K m t= AK OPQ = EFR W>

EK FP Y t= EKyA Yy Kk= EK?w SyP EFR EKr= K] n EKyA Ei.

Cho v! t"#u d$ng *h" t, gx* yNon|"n:tllznt Con:uz, Lon{

TK` Kp EK_A \Q E=x OPQ WnA lK@AK K\ EKPK E@ AK K\

AK X[E t lK= Wi K]. TKr EKJ A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S K= EFk AK

WnA Aq AK A@A lKk OPQ A =@ EF| K O= EKr= K] lKb S\=.

Cho v! tn dng tun hon y}zvolv"ng Con:uz, C,zd"t{

L\ A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S EF W K\ AK K lK@AK K\ Yg

Sh EK E Sh KA K@E K\K t]= YA WnA K EKq? AK= SyP EFR E\= lKk O

tP=. TK` Kp EK_A \Qw EF EKr= K] AK OPQ WnA EKP EK? EFAw Ao A_ O\

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Sh.

L= Kk= EFk X= l A EK> EK SyP EFR X[E EF P A@AK YP?:

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20/100

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\Q Y S n WnA S W> EK t= t\ Y S n A?= A AaP X= l YP? lK= lK@AK

K\ W EKPK E@ n AK K\.

L= WnA EK SyP EFR Y S n EFA lK= WnA W=x? AKK: TK`

Kp K@ \Q Y S n S W> EK t= t\ Y S n A?= X= l A EFA lK=

lKk n WnA EKPK E@.

L= WnA EK SyP EFR Ap YZ S n JK ?

1.2.2.%. Cn c[ vo ngumn g;c c? 7hon n>w

Cho v! t"#u d$ng g"+n t"* yInd",zct Con:uz, Lon{

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lKk n K@E Y=K S K Ab EQ @ t W @ AK|? K\ KP KPQ S|AK Oh AKr= E=R? S.

CK OPQ E=R? S =@ E=i A X[E Y ? W=>X YP?: CK K K\ S

S\ Eo SPK Y AK OPQ E=R? S AK K K\ E=iE =kX WnA AK= K

EF AK OPQ t\ ?v A AaP O=A XZ F[ ?P K O= lK@AK K\ O\ A@A K]E

W[ K\ lK@A EF EFr Kn A ?P K O= K Ab EQ @ t EEw AK

OPQ E=R? S =@ E=i P E\ Kp AK OPQ E=R? S EFyA E=i.

BR A]K X[E Y ? W=>X EFRw AK OPQ E=R? S =@ E=i A X[E Y KnAW=>X YP?: N K\ lKb E=i uA EFyA E=i O= r= E=R? S W WnA @ AK|?

EK=i? Yy l=>X Y@E AaP K\ lK= Ab EQ @ t EKyA K= O=A @ AK|? K\

KP l^ EK?E K= Oh AK OPQ E=R? S =@ E=i A EK K_A E] AP. D K

KnA W=>X l> EFR R A FqE K=x? K\ lKb X X\ O= AK OPQ E=R? S

=@ E=i. Cs K K\ \ EKPX =P O\ K]E W[ \Q EKJ Wx? A A@A Ap

AKi l=>X Y@E E Sh FqE AKE AK.

Cho v! t"#u d$ng t,c t"* yD",zct Con:uz, Lon{CK OPQ E=R? S EFyA E=i t\ A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S EF W

K\ EFyA E=i E=i uA O\ AK lK@AK K\ OPQ A K EFyA E=i EK? n Ed r=

OPQ. TF AK OPQ E=R? S EFyA E=i K\ A EK> E Sh WnA YZ EFr AaP

K O=R E Sh. NK r= \Q EKr WnA W\ E] AK?QR Xb O\ A K=x?

l=K K=X EF tK OyA AK OPQ AK R A@A ?QiE W|K AK OPQ EFyA E=i AaP

K\ EKr A AKqE tn AP Kp Y O= EFr Kn AK WnA ?QiE W|K

Z= K Ab EQ @ t KA K O=R E Sh AaP Ab EQ @ t. N\= FPw EF

K]E W[ AaP XJK K O=R E Sh K\ A u? K AK EFz Wi O=A

E] FP A@A lKk AK OPQ A AKqE tn EE EF lK= K O=R AaP Ab EQ @ t

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21/100

EKr AK EFz Wi O=A @ AK WnA K=x? K\. BR A]K Ww E]= A@A W=>X @

K\w A@A ?QiE W|K AK OPQ EKr WnA Aq FP X[E A@AK lKb AKK W@. Hp

Pw EF X[E Y EFr Knw S ?QiE W|K KPKw Ab EQ @ t A EK> Ed AK= Aq

E Sh W= O= lK@AK K\ EE AaP XJK. Ni? r= Aq E Sh t\ K\w W=x?

\Q A EK> WnA K] AKi. CK OPQ E=R? S EFyA E=i A ? W=>X t\ t=K K]E Kp AKOPQ E=R? S =@ E=i. K= lK@AK K\ A ?P K EFyA E=i O= K\w A FqE

K=x? tn= EKi A EK> K@E Y=Kw A lKk o t\X EKP X ?Qx tn= AK Ak KP= KP

lK@AK K\ t K\.

Cho v! thzo c+c *h6ng th[c 7h+cw

T? EK` K? A? AaP lK@AK K\ O\ EKyA Ei K@E Y=Kw A@A NHTM Y u`X uE

O\ AK OPQ EK` A@A Kp EK_A lK@A K Kn O= WA W=>X K]E W[ EF Ed

EKr= l O\ lKb EF@= O= ?Q W|K AaP K@ t?E.1.2.%. R" t,~ c? cho v! t"#u d$ng X;" v'" nn 7"nh t

1.2.%.1. R" t,~ c? cho v! t"#u d$ng X;" v'" 7h+ch hng.

TFA KiE t\ W= O= r= E=R? Sw WocA =RcE t\ K r= A EK? Kc

EF? JK EKqw EKb ?P K=Rc Oh E Sh E=R? S Y = AK Kz A lKk o

X?P YX K K\ K@ A EK=iE A =@ EF| APw EKk X K? A? E=R? S O\ Ak=

EK=Rc Wr= Y.

TFR EKyA Ei EKqQ F A K=x? K? A? XP EK Ey K=Rw EK=iE Qi?w A ~

KP ?P EFz EF A?bcA Y W= O= A@A A@ K O\ Kbc=P WJK. NK K?

A? \Q lKb YX EKJ X?bc r= E=R? S A Kk= WnA EKk X. V Sh K

K? A? Ox X?P YXw YgP AKP K\ AgPw X?P A@A Wv S E=Rc K= Y=K K]Ew X?P

YX A@A Kp E=Rc K u` X@Qw b Ebw AK? | Kb tw XP AKPQw S? t|AKw KzA K\K...

T?Q F K K? A? EK=iE Qi? EKJ K=x? K Ak= EK=Rc EKJ WnA EAK t?^

EK` EKr= =P S OcQ lKk o E\= AKK EKr | == K]. VJ OcQ X\ t\X kQ Y=K

XbcE Yy EKcE t\ r= EP EKr X?P YX K\ AgPw E=Rc K= Y=K K]Ew... lK= t E?m=.K= W tn= AK AkX Kc WnA Yy KZ EKh Wx? A u? K =kX u?. D W

r= E=R? S Y EJX A@AK W> K= Kn lK t =P O=RcA EKk X A@A K? A?

O= Qi? E EKr= =P O\ lKk o EKPK E@ AaP K=Rc E]= O\ Ep tP=. =x? \Q A

KP t\ r= E=R? S Y EJX A@AK W> KZ EKh EFA Y E=x Y A EF Ep tP=.

Ni? K EAK EK` lKP A]K E\= AKKw O=RcA Xn E=x EFA AaP N K\ W> E=R?

S lK=i AK EP Kk= EFk t= EKyA AKqE A AK t\ A@AK ?Q Wm= t?v E=x X\ EP

Y A E]= XbcE EKr= W=>X \ W EF Ep tP= Ox EKr= W=>X K=Rc E]=.

1.2.%.2. R" t,~ c? cho v! t"#u d$ng X;" v'" ngn hng th6ng ".

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22/100

V= K]E Wbc AKa Qi? t\ Kc E=x g= EF@AK K=RcX K\ EFk O\ Yg Sh E=x

W W> AK OPQ l=iX tr=w A@A NHTM A tyA K?Q Wbc Ow R A]K W Kk= lKP=

EK@A EK| EFr E Sh XbcE A@AK EF=RcE W>w KP t\ EJX A@AK W> WkX k lKk o

W@ _ O\ EFR Ap YZ W EKk X EE KqEw K=x? KqE A@A K? A? Ox AK OPQ AaP

x l=K Ei. VJ OcQw Y t\ YP= tX O\ EK=i? YE i? ?P EK| EFr AK OPQ E=R?S X\ E]= W ?Q Xb AaP XbcE Y K? A? K K Y tn K? A? Ox AK OPQ

uE EK` tn lK@AK K\ E=xX o O\ EK` Yy WP S] AaP K? A? E=R? S t]= Ob

A t. D Ww \Q PQ A@A N K\ EKp X]= t?b ?P EX O\ AK EFz

K@E EF=> t]= KJK AK OPQ \Q.

BR A]K Ww EFR EKyA Ei Fa= F W= O= AK OPQ E=R? S EKr FqE Kw O\

O=RcA AK OPQ A@ K Y O= AK OPQ W= O= lK@AK K\ t\ SPK K=Rc Wp =k

K=x?. TF lK= Ww ?v EK? AaP N K\ EKb ?P K]E Wbc AK OPQ E=R?

S \Q t\ W@ l> S t= Y?qE E Sh E=R? S Kq Sw WocA =RcE t\ t= Y?qE EKyA

AK OPQ EFk FqE APw W=x? \Q lK=i AK K]E Wbc AK OPQ E=R? S AK=iX E

EFz lKb K EF Ap Aq? tn= K?c AaP N K\. D OcQ O=RcA XZ Fbc K]E

Wbc AK OPQ E=R? S AK A@A A@ K O\ Kbc=P WJK t\ XbcE K l=K Ei A EF=>

Oz O\ P E\ AK N K\.

Hp Pw u? K K]E Wbc AaP A@A NHTM t\ K@E EF=> WP o Em Knw

t?b EJX A@AK XZ Fbc A@A K=Rc Oh A K WP FP A@A Yk KX X=. V=RcA EKyA

K=Rc O\ K@E EF=> K]E Wbc AK OPQ E=R? S OdP XZ Fbc WnA lK@AK K\ AKOPQw Ec Sh WnA ?v O K?Q Wbc XbcE A@AK K=Rc? ?kw OdP WP S] K@ A@A

Yk KXw S|AK Oh N K\. Td W N K\ Eo WnA Y_A X]K EF A]K

EFPK Wv EKr= E] WnA K E WocA EF Kq S F=R.

1.2.%.%. R" t,~ c? cho v! t"#u d$ng X;" v'" nn 7"nh t X=t n6'c.

4y Y? EA AaP XbcE x l=K Ei WnA EK> K=Rc FqE F ?P X_A A? Ox K\

K@ E=R? S AaP S Aw AKK t\ Y tn O\ X_A WbcAaP A@A K? A? A lKk o

EKPK E@ Ox A@A XocE K\ E=R? S lK@A KP?. CK R XbcE =k= K@ t\X Eo Ytn K? A? A lKk o EKPK E@ Y A XbcE Ws kQ K? K=Rc? W> lAK A?w Ed W

E@A Wbc EAK AyA Wi K=x? tK OyA l=K Ei ( u Kbc=.

V=RcA XZ Fbc K]E Wbc AK OPQ E=R? S A EK> K W@ l> EF

AKK Y@AK lAK A? AaP NK\ Aw A = NK\ A W]E WnA K XhA E=R?

l=K Ei ( u Kbc= KqE W|Kw AK K] K Eo X_A Y AK S Aw EKA WQ ?@

EFJK Yk u?qE l=K SPKw Eo GD KPQ Eo EK? Kc JK ? W? r=...

= O= Yk u?qE l=K SPKw Yy K@E EF=> AaP AK OPQ E=R? S Wv KPO= O=RcA Eo EFZ AaP A?w E_A t\ Y_A X?P AaP r= S Eo tRw Ed W E] R

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23/100

Yy Yb= Wbc AK EK| EFr K\ K@ E=R? Sw E] ?v Y AK lK? OyA Yk u?qE

EF Aw o tyA Yk u?qE AaP ?A =P Y WnA Ak= EK=Rc F FRcEw Wv EKr= E]

Y_A KE AK W? E A \=. C ?P Ww NK\ A W]E WnA XhA E=R? l=K Ei (

u Kbc= t\ =k= ?QiE Ab o O=RcA t\Xw Eo EK? Kc AK r= tP Wbcw =kX EKqE

K=Rcw =kX ERc] u Kbc=.1.2./. Ch=t l6>ng cho v! t"#u d$ng

1.2./.1. \h+" n"( ch=t l6>ng cho v! t"#u d$ng

CKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S t\ X[E lK@= =X lK@ EFd? Enw E? EK` XhA

WAK K=R A_? O\ E? EK` K ?P W=>X lK@A KP? X\ A K lK@= =X

lK@A KP? Ox AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S. T?Q K=Rw EF K]X O= K=R A_? AaP

Wx E\=w AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S E]= NHTM E]X K=>? t\ AKqE tn AaP A@A lKk

AK OPQ E=R? S AaP NHTM. C@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S A AKqE tn lK= OOPQ WnA lK@AK K\ Yg Sh K=? ?kw W XhA WAKw EKb ?P W K\ EK?

Kv= WnA A O\ t=w As lK@AK K\ A EK> EFk WnA nw W AK= K O\ EKk X

K? A?. =x? \Q A KP t\ K\ OdP E] FP K=? ?k l=K Ei t]= E] WnA K=?

?k u K[=.

1.2./.2. C+c ch t"#u X+nh g"+ ch=t l6>ng cho v! t"#u d$ng t" ngn hng

th6ng "

V=A W@K =@ AKqE tn AK OPQ EF K\ t\ Qi? E AKa ?Pw Z= OJAKqE tn AK OPQ A EK> EE Z EKr= W=>X K EAK K YP? t]= A EK> uq? W=.

Ch" t"#u X5nh tnh

> u`X uE WnA AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S AaP X[E K\ A EE

lKb EP A EK> Ao A_ O\ X[E Y AK E=R? W|K EK K YP?:

4 tn lK@AK K\ Wi OPQ E]= K\: CKqE tn AK OPQ AaP

K\ A EE EKJ X= A K=x? r= Wi O= K\. Kk o W@ _ K?

A? AaP lK@AK K\ KPK O\ WQ Wa.

UQ E AaP K\ t\ AK E=R? ?P EFzw kK KZ Wi K]E

W[ l=K SPK AaP K\ = AK? O\ K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S = F=R.

N K\ Ev E]= WnA AKK t\ Kr O\ Yy E= AQ AaP lK@AK K\ O= K\.

TKa EhA E? EK` W ?Q W|Kw ?Q AKi AK OPQ E=R? S AaP

K\ WnA A@ [ E Sh t\X KPK AK AKK u@Aw P E\ A K t\X

Eo AKqE tn K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S AaP K\.

Ch t"#u X5nh l6>ng

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24/100

t,ong 7 D6 n> bnh un

Q t\ AK E=R? ?P EFz u`X uE AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S AaP

K\w K Y \Q Kk @K Y Os AK? AK?Q> AaP O E Sh. Vs ?PQ AaP O

E Sh A\ AP A\ AK_ E ?v OPQ K\ t? AK?Q> A\ KPKw

EKPX =P A\ K=x? O\ AK? l Yk u?qE O\ t? EKb K\ K@. H Y \Q A\ Eo

EKJ A\ AK EKqQ EJK KJK ?k t~ O E Sh EEw AKqE tn AK OPQ AP. BR

A]K Ww As EK> K= lKk o EK? n EEw K=? ?k AK OPQ AaP K\. CKK

OJ EKiw X[E Wv O lK= AK OPQ WnA K=x? t Y W`X t]= K=x? tn= K? Kp. T?Q

K=Rw A uE Wi X[E K E ?P EFz t\ S n JK ?. K= S n JK ?

EKq Y t\X AK Os ?PQ t K t]= lKb Kk @K AKqE tn lKk AK OPQ

t\ AP r= EK> K= lKk o AK OPQ lX AaP K\. u+ hn N> u+ hn 0ng d6 n>

7hx X~" N> 7hx X~" N> u+ hn

Ck KP= AK E=R? \Q Wx? = K\ ?k t~ Fa= F A@A lKk AK OPQ O\

Wx? A\ K A\ EE. T?Q K=R Yy lK@A =E =P KP= E t \Q t\ E t n ?@ K]AK u`X uE Wi =@ EF| AaP lKk n ?@ K]w EF lK= W E t n lK Ws= u`X uE

=@ EF| A@A lKk n lK Ws= EF n ?@ K].

HP= AK E=R? \Q Wx? AK|? kK KZ AaP AKK Y@AK u@ n AaP K\.

M[E K\ A AKK Y@AK EE Kk= EK=iE t WnA ?^ Sy Ks Fa= F Wa X]K O\

EKb @ W|K l Ox K X OPQ lKb A lKk o EK? Kv= ?@ t O\ t\X

=kX E\= Yk AaP K\ X[E A@AK K=RX EFz. T?Q K=Rw i? K K\

EKyA K= u@ n ?@ KPK EKJ KP= E t \Q S Z X_A FqE EKq A lKb A ~KP EKyA E=.


25/100

@( :; thu n> Donh :; thu n> CR0D Donh :; CR0D

TF W SPK Y AK OPQ t\ AK E=R? Kk @K EqE Ak A@A lKk AK OPQ X\

K\ W K@E FP AK OPQ EF X[E EKr= =P \ Ww lKb l> X OPQ W W

EK? Kv= Ox KPQ AKP. Kk @K S? tn K]E W[ AK OPQ EF l. DPK Y AK

OPQ E=R? S A\ AP EKJ ?Q Xb AK OPQ A\ t.

H` E thu ESi t ho,t &/ng cho vay tiu *ng

0 l( thu l" CR0D 0hu l" CR0D 0ng thu l"

CK E=R? \Q Kk @K X_A EK? K X\ CVTD W`X t]= AK K\ Y O=

A@A lKk AK OPQ lK@A. =x? \Q A W@K =@ WnA X_A Kq S AaP CVTD Y

O= A@A t]= OPQ lK@A. N\= FPw E t \Q As = K\ uQ Wy W|K K

K@E EF=> K]E W[ CVTD E]= K\.

H` E () *%ng vn (ai m%c &'ch

0 l( :j dng v;n :" c Xch R;n :j dng :" c Xch D6 n> CR0D

C K=x? EFr Kn lK@AK K\ S Y E=x OPQ E=R? S W> Yg Sh O\

XhA WAK lK@A. CK E=R? \Q AK AK EP =iE WnA lKk AK OPQ E=R? S X\

K\ W A? Aq AK lK@AK K\ | Yg Sh YP= XhA WAK AK=iX E t t\ P

K=R? EF S n AK OPQ E=R? S. Td Ww AK EP EKqQ WnA lKk o ?k t~

AaP K\ W= O= lKk AK OPQ. T?Q K=R EF EKyA Ei W> l=>X Y@E O\ K@EK= FP K lKk AK OPQ E=R? S lKb W XhA WAK Yg Sh lKb Kk= t\

W=x? S S\ OJ Y tn lK@AK K\ EKJ K=x? X\ Y tn CBTD t]= A K].

1.2./.%. C+c nhn t; nh h6ng Xn v"(c nng co ch=t l6>ng cho v! t"#u d$ng

c? ngn hng th6ng "

NhXm nh!n t thu;c v =Jn th!n ng!n hng

Y1ZOPnh hng Bht ti&n c(a ng!n hngOt\ W=x? l= E=R ?QiE W> K@E

EF=> K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S. Ni? EF li K]AK K@E EF=> AaP XJK A@A K\ lKb ?P EX Wi K]E W[ \Q EKJ A@A lK@AK K\ A K? A? Ox AK OPQ

E=R? S A Y lKb WnA ?P EX. NnA t]=w i? K\ X? K@E EF=>

K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S EKJ Kz Y WP FP K AK=i tnA Ah EK> W> EK? KE

K r= A K? A? Wi O= XJK. V\ lK= W A? A? Y A W=x? l= EK? tn=

W> KP? A A KP t\ AK OPQ E=R? S Y A K=x? Ap K[= K@E EF=>.

Y2Z N[ng "Mc ti ch'nh c(a ng!n hng$ Y t\ X[E EF K Qi? E WnA

A@A K\ tK W] K\ u`X uE lK= WP FP A@A ?QiE W|K EF W A A@A ?QiEW|K Ox K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S. No tyA E\= AKK AaP K\ WnA u@A

( )f (


26/100

W|K SyP EFR X[E Y Qi? E K Y tn O AKa YZ K?w E t K EFoX tn= K?

oX YP? Y O= oX EFAw E EFz n ?@ K] EF Em S nw Y tn E\= Yk

EKPK lKk. Ni? K\ A O AKa YZ K? tw E t K EFoX tn= K? tw

n ?@ K] EKq O\ A Y tn E\= Yk EKPK lKk tw lKk o K?Q W[ O t

EF EKr= =P EKJ A EK> A= t\ A Y_A X]K Ox E\= AKK. K= K\ A Y_AX]K E\= AKK t EKJ K\ A EK> W? E O\ A@A SPK XhA X\ K\

?P EX Kp EKJ K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S A Ap K[= K@E EF=>w K nA t]=w

i? K\ lKb A WnA Y O A EK=iE W> E\= EFn AK AK A@A K]E W[ WnA

? E=R Kp EKJ K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S Y E A Ap K[= W> XZ F[.

Y3Z +h'nh E\= EFn AK A@A SPK K=w K[ =P WJK O\ A@ K.TKb EKr AKK Y@AK AK OPQ A A@A lKk XhA YP?: K] X_A AK OPQw A@A t]=

KJK AK OPQ X\ K\ EKyA K=w ?Q W|K Ox E\= Yk WkX kw l K] AaP A@A

lKk AK OPQw K =k= ?QiE K AK OPQ OnE ?@ K] X_A AK OPQw A@AK EK_A

EKPK E@ nw CKK Y@AK AK OPQ O]AK FP AK A@A A@ [ E Sh K W= O\

lK? EKPX AK=i? F F\ Ox K Ao A_ W> u`X uE A@A K? A? OPQ O. VJ OQw

K Qi? E EF AKK Y@AK AK OPQ Wx? E@A W[ X[E A@AK X]K X E= O=A XZ

F[ AK OPQ = AK? O\ AK K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S = F=R. Ni? K A

K KJK EK_A AK OPQ E=R? S lKb X EF AKK Y@AK AK OPQ AaP

K\ EKJ AKA AK A@A lK@AK K\ AK EK> X Wn= OPQ WnA K lKk E=x

Ed K\ W> E\= EFn AK K? A? AK= E=R? AaP XJK. CK K] K X[E K\

lKb EKyA K= AK OPQ EK` EK E Sh EKJ lK@AK K\ S A Wa W=x? l= A

lKb WnA Aq E Sh. ME lK@A lK= X[E K\ W Y A A@A KJK EK_A AK

OPQ E=R? S WP S] O= AKqE tn EE EKJ O=A XZ F[ A S S\ O\ EK? tn=

Kp t\ A@A K\ X= AK A A@A Yk KX Wp =k. D EK AKqE A]K EFPK =P

A@A K\ \Q A\ PQ E EKJ X[E AKK Y@AK AK OPQ W W Kn t~ t\ Qi?

E EK? KE lK@AK K\ K=? ?k. N K\ A\ WP S] K@ A@A X_A t= Y?qE K

Kn O= Ed t]= lK@AK K\w Ed l K] AK OPQ O\ A@AK ug t~ W W A@A lKk

n AaP lK@AK K\w A AKK Y@AK Yk KX Kq S EKJ A\ EK? KE WnA lK@AK

K\ Wi O= K\w Ed W EKyA K= EK\K Ab O=A XZ F[ AK OPQ E=R? S.

Y5Z R "ng$ t,nh ; c\ng nh #o -c ngh nghiB c(a cc cn =; t'n)Lngw A kK KZ lKb K E= K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S AaP A@A K\

( )j (


27/100


28/100

lK= A A@A Ab K K= W]= K EFn EKJ O=A =k= ?QiE A@A EKa EhA AaP K\

WnA KPK AKw AKK u@Aw =kX E A@A EKa EhA FrX F\ AK lK@AK K\.

NhXm nh!n t thu;c v khch hngY1Z N[ng "Mc vay vn c(a khch hngw WnA EK> K= EKb ?P A@A K E

K EK? K AaP lK@AK K\w EFJK W[ Oo K@w EK= ?`w W] W_A AaP lK@AK K\.

TK? K AaP lK@AK K\ OPQ E=R? S ?QiE W|K Wi K? A? OPQ E=R? S AaP Kz

O\ ?QiE W|K O=A A AK OPQ KPQ lKb AaP K\. BZ= OJw K\ lK= AK

OPQ E=R? S Y Ao A_ O\ X_A EK? K EF Ep tP= AaP lK@AK K\w W t\

?v EKPK E@ lKk n W. D Ww EK? K A kK KZ FqE t Wi K? A? OPQ

E=R? S AaP lK@AK K\w Wi ?Q Xb AaP lKk OPQ O\ Wi O=A K@E EF=> AK OPQ

E=R? S AaP K\. K@AK K\ OPQ A A EK? K m W|K W> WkX k lKk

o EFk n AK K\ O\ WA =E t\ A A EK= AK EFk n W K] O\ WQ Wa.

Ni? K lK@AK K\ t\ r= A W] W_A EEw A ~ EK_A EFk n EKJ Fa= F AK OPQ E=R?

S EKqw E] W=x? l= lAK EKAK K\ E=i K\K XZ F[ K]E W[ AK OPQ

E=R? S O\ A@A ?Q W|K AK OPQ Y lKb ?@ lKE lK`. NnA t]= i? lK@AK K\

EFk n lKb Wx?w n ?@ K] K=x? EKJ EqE Qi? Y lJX KX K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R?

S.

Y2Z KhJ n[ng B -ng cc iu kin khi vay c(a khch hngw A KP t\

lK@AK K\ t=? A W@ _ WnA A@A W=x? l= ?Q W|K AaP K\ KPQ lKb.

C@A W=x? l= K t\ E\= Yk WkX k A K A@A =qQ Er AK_ X=K ?Qx YZ K?

O\ Yg Sh Kn K@ E\= Yk

NhXm nh!n t thu;c v mAi t]ng ho#t ;ng c(a ng!n hng

b HRnh t4,ng kinh tD v mT

4y m W|K l=K Ei O Xb Y E] Ap K[= XZ F[ AK OPQ E=R? S X[E A@AK

K=? ?k. =K Ei O Xb m W|Kw WA =E t\ m W|K E=x E O= A@A AK E=R? =@ Akw t=

Y?qEw E =@w t]X K@E Y t\X QR EX W|K AKi E\= AKK AK OPQ Ow A@A W= En

OPQ O A EKRX O=A t\Xw Eo EK? Kw = Kz QR EX Ox Yy m W|K EF EK?

K A K Yy m W|K AaP AK= K W= OPQw AK= K X?P YXw YgP AKP K\ AgPw O\

A@A K\ KPw S|AK Oh lK@Aw S W t\X Eo A@A lKk OPQ AaP Kzw Wv EKr= E] W=x?

l= S?Q EFJ O\ K@E EF=> x O ?P K KP= AK=x? OPQ O O\ EFk n.

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NnA t]=w lK= l=K Ei lKa Kk KA W=x? l= K@E EF=> AKX AK]w KPQ

l=K Ei O Xb qE m W|K X[E XE Y E@A W[ Q K] AKi Aq E Sh E=R? S AaP

A@A EF? =P E\= AKK. C@A lKk AK OPQ AK|? E@A W[ AaP K =i W[ EFR

EK| EFr E\= AKK qE m A EK> S E= Wm O. NK EKPQ Wm= EAK AyA EF l=K Ei

O Xb S= FP ?@ KPK A Q FP K u@ EF[ KqE W|K. CK K] E t t]XK@E O\ t= Y?qE =kX ?@ KPK A A EK> S E= EJK EF] O n W= O= A@A X

OPQ O= t= Y?qE SyP O\ E t t]X K@E AP EFA W. T =@ K= W@= lX t=K K]Ew

lKb Kk @K WnA Yy =i W[ AaP l=K Ei O Xbw t\X X X K E K=?

=@ Ak R \= A kK KZ EFyA E=i Wi EK? K AaP lK@AK K\ O\ Em AK_A

E Sh. ME lK@Aw l=K Ei O Xb K@E EF=> AK AK]X KPQ qE m A lK=i EK?

K EF Ep tP= AaP r= E=R? S EFZ R q RKw A@A AK= K =i W[w

lK l=>X Y@Ew S W r= E=R? S Kk= =kX A@A lKk OPQ AaP Kz.

b uan &i$m thOc &Zy Enh v!c tiu *ng t4ong nBc c#a


30/100

EK= ?` X?P YX Y t\ X[E EK| EFr FqE t W> XZ F[ AK OPQ E=R? S. C@A

?P =X Ox K\ ?` EK?[A KPQ uP t]w P E\ KPQ lKb P E\w EK= ?`

EKPK E@ E=x XE EF S A A t\ K Qi? E A E@A W[ FqE t Wi A@A

S|AK Oh X\ K\ A? Aqw EF W A K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S.

1.2././. un t,5 ,?" ,o t,ong hot Xqng cho v! t"#u d$ng t" c+c N@0M

^(i o tong ho#t ;ng cho vay tiu )*ng

H? KiE A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S t\ A@A lKk OPQ EF? O\ S\= K]w EKr=

K] Ed 1e ( )e oXw EKX AK 2e oXw R A EK> A FqE K=x? Fa= F A EK> K@E Y=K.

( f#i 4o m8t kh5 n=ng thanh ton c#a ng+i &i vay>D A@A lKk AK OPQ

E=R? S A EKr= K] S\= R lKk o EFk n Kh EK?[A FqE K=x? O\ EJK EF] Y_A

lKw =P WJK O\ Ab O=A AaP r= W= OPQ. NK Fa= F A EK> ukQ FP EFEFr Kn \Q P vX:

Nr= W= OPQ | AKiE KA | EP= ] S Wi XqE lKk o tP W[w

K\ E\ lKb A lKk o EFk X n As t]= AK K\

Nr= OPQ | EP= ]w =kX lKk o tP W[ KA EKPQ Wm= O| EF Ab

E@A S Wi =kX YE EK? K lKb EKyA K= WnA WQ Wa KP Oh EFk n.

(f#i 4o *o khch h"ng gian Een>D lK@AK K\ OPQ E=R? S t\ A@A A@ K

R A@A K\ FqE K=x? lK lKo EF O=A X E EKb E= Ox lK@AKK\. Ln= Sh W=x? \Q lK@AK K\ A EK> A EJK =P t W> AK=iX W]E E=x OPQ

S Wi Fa= F lKb EK? Kv= WnA O AK K\.

N\= FPw = K K lKk AK OPQ EKp X]= lK@Aw A@A lKk AK

OPQ E=R? S A Kk= AK|? K Fa= F Ox t= Y?qE O\ E =@. D EKr= K] AK OPQ

S\= R t= Y?qE EFR EK| EFr A EK> A K =i W[ t EF Y?E ?@ EFJK

AK OPQ O. Ni? @ Sh X[E X_A t= Y?qE A W|K EF Y?E EKr= K] AK OPQ EKJ

lK= t= Y?qE EFR EK| EFr Eow K\ A EK> Y Kk= AK|? Fa= F OJ AK OPQ O=t= Y?qE ?@ EKq. NnA t]= i? t= Y?qE EFR EK| EFr =kXw K lKk AK OPQ

AaP K\ O= t= Y?qE AP Kp Y lKb As Kq S WnA r= W= OPQw kK

KZ Wi lKk o A]K EFPK AaP A@A K\.

HuJn tP (i o tong ho#t ;ng cho vay tiu )*ng

H]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S AaP K\ t=R ?P Wi Y tn t lK@AK

K\. M= r= OPQ A Y tn OPQ Ep W= K O\ A@A K\ A ug t~ FqE

K=x? K lKk OPQ \Q W> E] FP Y S t EF K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? SlKb A E\= Yk WkX k. V= Y tn lK@AK K\ t K OQw A@A K\ ?k t~

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K\ A Kk= EKyA K= K = K@ l=>X Y@Ew ?k t~ Fa= F K=? ?k W=

O= ?@ EFJK Aq E Sh E=R? S.

}?k EF| Fa= F EF AK OPQ E=R? S WnA K=>? t\ X[E AK=i tnA ?k t~

SPK XhA AK OPQ EF W WkX k Yy A W= =P k E\ O O\ E= ? KP O=A

Yg Sh ?v O. HPQ = A@AK lK@Aw ?k EF| Fa= F EF K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R?

S t\ X[E ?@ EFJK t=R EhA K FP O\ X E K Ap K[= AK OPQ EKAK Kn O\

EF@K K Fa= F W> E= WP KP tn= K? AK K\. TF ?k EF| Fa= F W= O=

K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? Sw O=A X E EKb E= Ox lK@AK K\ O\ ?k t~ EKb

E= X[E A@AK EK KqE t\ K Qi? E EK` AKE = AK O=A ?k t~ SPK XhA AK

OPQ W]E K=? ?k AP. MA S WQ t\ X[E ?QR EA lK@ F F\ K O=A EKyA EK=

?QR EA W As lK@ K=x? lK lKo.}?k EF| Fa= F AK OPQ E=R? S P vX K [= S? AKa Qi? YP? WQ:

b \hCn t'ch cho vay tiu *ng

H? KiE A@A K\ O= Y tn t lK@AK K\ u= OPQ E=R? S EKr

m Y? AK O=A K EAK E Sh AaP Kz K EK AK W=>X E Sh EK lR.

H EK K EAK Ey W[ \Q t\ Kp E= W> W@K =@ Wx K| OPQ Yg Sh X?

AK W=>X t=E lR K WA W=>X AaP Wx K| OPQ K X_A EK? Kw EKr= =P t\X

O=Aw ?Qx YZ K? K\ Zw O\ K KJK EK_A AK OPQ W A EFA WQ O= K

r= @ t KA K r= AK OPQ lK@A. x K| OPQ WnA AK W=>X EK` X=

WA W=>X O\ Em Y W=>X AK EP EKqQ t=? r= Wx K| OPQ A Wa E=R? AK? OPQ KPQ

lKb. Kk o WnA AKq K Y WnA Sy @ SyP EFR Ap YZ S t=? AaP

K\ Ox K lK@AK K\ A K WA W=>X Ep Ey O\ Ox O=A EKPK E@ A@A

lKk OPQ EFA WQ W= O= K\ AaP r= u= OPQ W.

CK W=>X E Sh EKr E WnA Yg Sh K X[E E=R? AK S?Q KqE W EKyAK= A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S. NK Qi? E lK@A K lKk o EKPK E@ nw

W=x? l= l=K Ei K= E]= O\ K QR? A? Ox EKi AKqw Kk= W@ _ WnA K E=R?

AK? Ox k WkX P E\ AaP K\. NK EKb E= lK@AK ?P ( K Ox A@

K O\ KJK EK_A x \= AaP lK@AK K\w E=xX o Ox X[E X= ?P K A tn=

EF Ep tP=w O\ K Qi? E lKb EK> W|K tn lK@A ( Y = AK ?@ EFJK

K EAK E Sh A =@ EF| EKyA Ei Kp. K EAK E Sh t\ X[E ?@ EFJK Kr W Ak

K Qi? E AKa ?P K K Qi? E A EK> W|K tn WnA W@K =@ Wv EKr=.

MhA WAK AaP ?@ EFJK \Q t\ =kX EK=>? Fa= Fw Em EKqE AK OPQ O\ K lKk AK

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OPQ lK Ws=. C@A A EF ?@ EFJK K EAK E Sh E=R? S WnA t=E lR EF

k S= WQ:

_i&u 1W +c =c tong @u t,nh Bh!n t'ch t'n )Lng tiu )*ng

1. @A W|K XhA WAK Yg Sh lKk OPQ

O\ Y E=x OPQ

2. =>X EFP O\ u@A X=K EKb E=

). TK? EK EKb E=:

P. CK OPQ E=R? S

. B@ A@ E\= AKK A@ K

A. TK? K EK EK?i

B@ A@ E\= AKK K]E W[ l=K SPK

. K EAK

P. B@ A@ E\= AKK

. L? AK?Q> E=x XE

f. @K =@ E\= Yk k WkXw i? A EK=iE

j. @K =@ O\ Ap Aq? lKk AK OPQ

7. TKp tn O= r= u= OPQ

Kp K@ K EK W=>X Y 4AF` 4QYE`X:

H]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S EFyA E=i AaP K\ t=R ?P Wi X[E Y

tn FqE Wb A@A lK@AK K\. M= lK@AK K\ EKr OPQ X[E Y E=x K KpK=x? Y O= EF tK OyA Yk u?qE l=K SPK. M? A X[E X_A S n t EF

K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? Sw A@A K\ Kk= EKyA K= X[E Y tn A@A Kn

Wv AK OPQ q K=x? t Y O= AK OPQ EF A@A tK OyA = EFR. K= Y tn

lK@AK K\ t EKJ QR? A? Ox X[E Ap AKi l=>X Y@E P E\ O\ K=? ?k W= O= O=A

FP ?QiE W|K AK OPQ t\ KiE Y_A A EK=iE. TF K EFr Kn K OQ

K\ EKr Yg Sh X[E Kp K@ K EFn FqE WA tyA W> FP ?QiE W|K AK OPQw

W t\ K EK W=>X Y. H EK W=>X Y t\ X[E E Kn A@A E=R? EK_A lK@A KP? t=R

?P Wi Ed lK@AK K\ OPQ E=R? S. M= E=R? EK_A A X[E W=>X Y lK@A KP?E? EK` EJK EF] AaP E=R? EK_A \Q O\ EX ?P EFz AaP EF K EK A@A

E=R? EK_Aw SyP EFR Ap YZ A@A liE ?k EK lR EF t|AK Yg.

TFR EKyA Eiw X[E K EK W=>X Y EKr A FqE K=x? Qi? Ew WnA uQ Sy

SyP EFR ?QR EA = EFR. TKb EKr EF X[E K EK W=>X Yw A lKk 7

Wi 1) Qi? E lK@A KP? WnA u`X uE P vX: EKr= =P t\X Ab O=A K= E]=

EJK EF] =P WJK A =P WJKw W[A EK KPQ W tQ Kb W[ E?m= KJK EK_A tP W[

A l^ o KPQ lKb EKr= K] A EF Y tn r= Y Kh EK?[A O\ r=OPQ t]= E\= Yk A E]= K\...

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33/100

_i&u 2W 8 thng i&m


34/100

=>X AP KqE A EK> A W= O= X[E lK@AK K\ EK` K EK W=>X Y \Q t\

2 W=>X. Cs W=>X EKq KqE t\ ' W=>X.

Co A_ O\ Y t=? EK lR EF ?@ lK_ Ox lKk o Fa= F AaP A@A t]=

lK@AK K\ A W=>X Y = KP?w A@A K\ EKr WP FP K=x? X_A AK OPQ

E= WP lK@A KP? W= O= Ed lK@AK K\ A W=>X Y Z K KX W=>X Y lK@A

KP?. V Sh EF k YP? WQ t\ A@A X_A AK OPQ E= WP W= O= Ed lK@AK K\ A

W=>X Y lK@A KP? AaP K\ M^ = EFR:

_i&u 3W :-c cho vay ti a tho i&m


35/100

O=A EK W=>X E Sh AK A@A lK@AK K\ AaP XJK. T?Q K=Rw EK@AK EK_A t KqE

K= PQw PQ Ak W= O= K K\ W= W? E EF tK OyA AK OPQ E=R? Sw

t\ tyP AKz O\ uQ Sy K Xb KJK EK W=>X E Sh K EKi \ W> @ Sh

W= O= K KX lK@AK K\ X=.

Kp K@ K EK W=>X Y EKr WnA Yg Sh m Y? O= Kp K@

K@ W@ S= WQ:

K EAK E Sh EK` Kp K@ K@ W@ ?S`XÈ MÈKS t\ X[E

?@ EFJK EF W K\ E=i K\K K EAK O\ W@K =@ EqE Ak A@A EKb E= W|K

EK O\ W|K tn Ox lK@AK K\ KX XhA E=R? K] AKi A@A lKk AK OPQ A Fa= F

AP. D Kp K@ K EK W=>X Y EF AK OPQ E=R? S lKb Kk= t\

Kp K@ S?Q KqE WnA A@A K\ Yg Sh OJ A FqE K=x? Oq Wx lK@A X\ K\ A FqE ?P EX. NK Oq Wx W P vX lKk o EFk nw W=x? l=

l=K Ei K= E]=w k WkX \ A Kk= Aw Kk= E? EKa [= S? AaP AKK Y@AK AK

OPQ AaP K\. C@A EKb E= A EK AKa ?P Ox lK@AK K\ K EK@= W[w S=

X] AaP lK@AK K\w lKk o ?P K O= K\ EF Ep tP= A E@A Sh FqE

?P EFz EF O=A FP ?QiE W|K AaP K\.

TQ K\ X\ K EK A@A Qi? E WnA K EAK A EK> lK@A KP?w Km

=i KqE t\ K EK fC CKPFPAE`F ( E A@AK AaP r= W= OPQ CPPA=EQ ( lKk o

OPQ Xn AaP r= W= OPQ CPYK ( lKk o E] FP E=x W> EFk n K\

CttPE`FPt ( k WkX E Sh CS=E= ( W=x? l= Xb= EFr O\ K EK

C"M"+I CKPFPAE`F ( E A@AK AaP lK@AK K\ "=t=EQ ( o tyA AaP r= OPQ

MPF= ( t= AK OPQ ?FY` ( XhA WAK OPQ "X?E ( Y E=x +`PQXÈ ( Yy K\

EFk IY?FPA` ( k WkX.

C FqE K=x? Kp K@ W> ?k EF| Fa= F EF K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S

EF W A X[E Y Kp K@ YP? WQ WnA K=x? K\ Yg Sh:

b c &Lnh giBi h,n cho vay

V=A u@A W|K == K] AK OPQ Y kK KZ EFyA E=i Wi X_A W[ Fa= F AaP

lKk OPQ YP? \Q. @A W|K == K] AK OPQ KX XhA WAK EF@K W> lK@AK K\ Fp=

O\ EJK EF] OPQ n ?@ K=x?. TK` W@K =@ AaP A@A W|K AKi E\= AKK AK?QR

K=w A 2 Sq? K=? W> K =iE lK@AK K\ WP OPQ n ?@ K=x?:

( 2f (


36/100

4g Sh )f EK? K AaP XJK KA Kp W> EKPK E@ AK A@A lKk

AK OPQ E=R? S

4g Sh fe EK? K AaP XJK KA Kp W> EKPK E@ AK A@A lKk

OPQ X?P K\ EFk AKX O\ A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S lK@A

C Ed Kn Wv AK OPQ E=R? S EFZ tR E]= A X[E EKr= W=>X.

b u5n E *anh m%c cho vay

TF K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? Sw SPK XhA A@A lK@AK K\ EKr t\ E

Kn K lKk OPQ Ep W= Wv KqE OJ A X[E XhA WAK t\ E=R? S OJ OQ

l^ EKE EK lR K EAK EKr u?QR WnA @ Sh O\ WA =E K? AK. C@A l^

EK?E K EAK \Q WnA @ Sh EF EqE Ak A@A Aw Ed K EAK EF@AK K=Xw uQ

Sy AK=i tnA =@ Akw ?QiE W|K =@ EF| AaP lKk OPQw Sy l=i A@A lKk tw AK=itnA ?k t~ SPK XhA AK OPQ O\ AK=i tnA EK? Kv= O. =x? ?P EFz KqE EF

l^ EK?E K EAK t\ EK? EK S t=? EF Y?E ?@ EFJK AK OPQ t\ ?k t~ X[E Ap YZ

S t=? Fa= F AK?.

NK=X Oh AaP O=A ?k t~ SPK XhA AK OPQ EF ?k EF| Fa= F W= O= AK

OPQ E=R? S t\ EF@K WnA K? ?k qE tn= S E EF? AK OPQ O\ K lK@AK

K\ A W[ Fa= F AP. C@A l^ EK?E Xb KJK Sy W@ EKr WnA @ Sh Z WQ.

TF K oX WQw A@A Ab Ah W> Ak= EK= O=A ?k EF| Fa= F EF

K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S W A K A E=i [ W@ l> Kr A@A K\ W=

W? E F tK OyA \Q W E EF? O\ O=A K@E EF=> K Ab Ah K EAK

K_A E]. NK E=i [ EF Ab K t? EF S t=? O\ K=? ?k AaP O=A Yg Sh

X@Q EK A W X[E OP= EFs ?P EFz EF O=A EKA WQ Yy K@E EF=> AaP A@A

Ab Ah ?k t~ Fa= F EF AK OPQ E=R? S. v EKr= A A FqE K=x? Ab EQ

O\ K=x? Ab W] EF tK OyA AK OPQ E=R? S @ Sh K Ab K X=\Qw WA =E t\ A@A Ab EQ O\ A@A K\ K@E K\K EK E Sh. NKJ AK?w Y

O= K oX W? Ed EK l 'ew O=A ?k t~ Fa= F EF K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R?

S W K@E EF=> Kp K=x? O\ K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S W A X[E O| EF W@ l>

EF K]E W[ AK OPQ = AK?.

1.2.3. \"nh ngh"( cho v! t"#u d$ng c? c+c N@0M t" qt :; n6'c t,#n th

g"'" v b" hc X;" v'" c+c N@0M R"(t N

1.2.3.1. @ot Xqng cho v! t"#u d$ng t" qt :; n6'c

( 2j (


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@ot Xqng cho v! t"#u d$ng t" 0,ung u;c

D|AK Oh AK OPQ E=R? S A\ \Q A\ EFZ R Km =i O\ WnA lK?Qi

lKAK K@E EF=> E]= A@A NHTM TF? }?A. C@A K\ ?k t~ K\ TF? }?A

W K EKqQ AK OPQ E=R? S AKK t\ Ep tP= AaP A@A NHTM O\ Kz Kk= E

EF? A@A ?v tyA AaP XJK K=x? Kp AK tK OyA \Q.

NPQ Ed A?= K oX 1''ew N K\ =i EKiE TF? }?A CCB W

S W? Ox K@E EF=> tK OyA \Q: O\ oX 1'''w EKr= K] AK OPQ A EKi AKq WnA

l S\= Ed )e oX tR 2e oX =@ EF| AaP lKk OPQ A WnA Ed X_A 7e tR

9e =@ EF| E\= Yk EKi AKq. v EKr=w Ed A?= oX 1'''w CCB E W? AKq EK?

A@A lKk AK OPQ S A@A A@ K W_ FP k tKw = QR? A? r= W= OPQ A

Kk= WnA r= AKa tP W[ AaP XJK W_ FP k WkX AK lKk OPQ. CCB As AX[E li K]AK WQ EKPX Oz t\ Yg Sh A@A Kp E= l^ EK?Ew Ab K Y A

AaP XJK W> K@E EF=> KJK EK_A S|AK Oh K\ IE`F`E O\ WP FP X[E Y Yk

KX S|AK Oh K\ W= Eg @ t.

N K\ K@E EF=> TKn Hk= ( K b A t\ X[E EF Y A@A

K\ Z TF? }?A YX A S|AK Oh AK OPQ E=R? S K@E EF=> X]K. N K\ \Q

W Kn E@A O= A@A Ab EQ AK?QR l=K SPK qE W[ Yk W> Wp =k KP A@A EKa

EhA Ox E\= Yk EKi AKq O\ =kX Y t X\ r= OPQ Kk= Wi =P S|AK O= X[E AK=

K@K K\ Ed )e t u? As A 2 t. Td EK@ 91'''w N K\ K@E EF=>

TKn Hk= ( K b W K= Kn O= A@A Ab EQ S? t|AK t K\K W> WP FP A@A

lKk AK OPQ S? t|AK O\ l> Ed EKr= W=>X W W A 12 A On AKv K WnA A@A

lKk OPQ W> W= S? t|AK E? EFo XE. N K\ \Q A W l S\= EKr= K] AaP

A@A lKk OPQ S\K AK W\ E] W]= KzA Ed ) oX tR oX O\ EK\K t X[E ?^ WA

=E S\K AK A@A A AKP X OPQ O S X? g= A A@= O\ A@A EFr KzA EK WE E=x. > EKyA K= WnA A@A li K]AK \Qw N K\ K@E EF=> TKn Hk=

( K b W Eo q Wb= Y K O=R XPFl`E= AK tK OyA AK OPQ E=R? Sw

AK=iX E= )e Em ?^ tp.

NKJ AK?w OJ A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S O As lK@ X= X O= Ak r=

E=R? S O\ K EK K\ Z TF? }?A R K? ?k AaP Oq Wx Fa= F AKP EK>

K= WQ Waw AKP tr KiE WnA. H? KiE A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S t\ A@A lKk

OPQ EF? O\ S\= K]w O= EKr= K] Ed 1e(2e oXw R lKk o EFk n Kh EK?[A FqEK=x? O\ EJK EF] =P WJKw Y_A lK` O\ Ab O=A AaP r= W= OPQ. M[E Y

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K\ lKb A WQ Wa W@K =@ Ox Fa= F E=xX o A K l=K K=X W> o

AK K Fa= F =iE EFA. TKRX O\ Ww l> Ed oX )ee2w K]E W[ AK OPQ AaP

lK? OyA K\ W lAK EKAK t]X K@E =P Eo O\ ] W? E ?@ X_A EF A@A

lK? OyA lK@A KP? W EFZ EK\K X= t ]= K\ W? AaP CKK Ka =P tA P

EFX EX t~ t Yn EJK EF] l=K Ei m l=>? . D OQw B!C OdP Eo

E t Sy EF E ?[Aw OdP l=>X Y@E A@A K\ O\ K]E W[ AK OPQ ?@ X_A W=

O= lK? OyA qE W[ Yk. TK` A@A ?Q W|K X= A K=? tyA Ed \Q 12)eew aQ

P G=@X Y@E K\ TF? }?A CB+C QR? A? EqE Ak A@A NHTM A \Q Wx?

Kk= W@ _ E t P E\ O 9 l> Ed \Q 11)ee7w EF W lKk E=x AK lK?

OyA qE W[ Yk OPQ AKP EFk Y lKb WnA K AK=iX Kp 2e Em S n OPQ

AKP EFk AaP 1 K\. C@A = K@ \Q KX K K EFn =kX E t t]XK@E u? As 2 ( EF oX )ee AaP CKK Ka TF? }?A.

TK@AK EK_A t KqE K= PQ W= O= A@A NHTM TF? }?A t\ lKk o A]K

EFPK O= A@A K\ A \= EFR tK OyA AK OPQ E=R? S: H4BCw C=E=Plw

4EPSPFS CKPFE F`S ... WP m= tR t\ K W= EKa A]K EFPK FqE X]K. C@A

K\ EF A AaP TF? }?A A EK> W> tK OyA AK OPQ E=R? S Fp= O\ EPQ A@A

W= EKa A]K EFPK A \= i? Kz lKb PQ t E_A Aa A tK OyA S|AK Oh

\Q. To EFZ l=K Ei X]K AaP TF? }?A EF K oX ?P W t\X Eo K?

A? Ox AK OPQ E=R? S K A@A S|AK Oh t=R ?P AaP A@A K\ EF A

O | EF KP YP?. TF lK= Ww K K\ A \= OdP K= W]= t]= OdP

A FqE K=x? l=K K=Xw AK K] K C=E=Pl W K@E K\K 1ee EF=? EK E Sh

EFR lK EKi == O\ A K K EK W@K =@ W[ E K=X E Sh AaP lK@AK

K\ W WnA l=>X K=X. V= l=K K=X S\Q S] O\ K EK =P S|AK K= W]=w

A@A K\ A \= A ? EKi X]K Kp K A@A W= E@A TF? }?A EF tK

OyA l=K SPK EK E Shw XA S Y tn A@A W]= t~ AaP Kz Z TF? }?A As

K. Ni? A@A K\ \Q WP FP K t]= EK W@ _ WnA K? A? AaP A@A

lK@AK K\ =\? Aw WP FP A@A K] X_A E Sh AP Kp AK Y=K O=R EKJ Y OnE uP

A@A K\ TF? }?A Ox S n E Sh. BR A]K EK E Shw Kz As Sy l=i

E=i K\K A@A K]E W[ EK?[A A@A tK OyA lK@A AaP E Sh E=R? S K EF=> lKP=

A@A lKk AK OPQ X?P K\ EFk AKX. C@A S|AK Oh \Q A FqE K=x? EF=> Oz S

tn S Y lKm tv AaP TF? }?A. TK` W@K =@ AaP A@A K\ K EAKw A@A K\ t AaP A \= Y lKb uQ Sy A@A AK= K@K EFR E\ ?A O\

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tb= l A@A lK@AK K\ =\? A O= A@A S|AK Oh A X_A K AP K t]= W@ _

WnA A@A K? A? Z X_A AP Kpw AK K] K A@A Yk KX W? Ew ?k t~ ?^.

TK` A@A K\ E Oqw A@AK EE KqE t\ tK OyA E=R? S A Kk= WnA E@AK F=R

EK\K K [ K A EK> Ey l=K SPKw Ey ?k t~ O\ K]AK E@ t t= X[E A@AK W[A

t O= A@A K]E W[ l=K SPK K\ lK@A.

@ot Xqng cho v! t"#u d$ng t" c+c N@0M Chu au

T]= AK? ?w AK OPQ E=R? S FP Wr= X?[ Kp A@A t]= KJK AK OPQ lK@A.

N W@ _ K? A? E=R? S \Q X[E t AaP r= S E]= A@A ?A =P K@E EF=>.

CK Wi PQw AK OPQ E=R? S W EFZ EK\K X[E KJK EK_A AK OPQ Km =i E]= AK?

?. C O= A@A t]= AK OPQ lK@Aw AK OPQ E=R? S t\X K\ EK=w t\X K

K Xb= EFr AK OPQw K E= k O ?Qx tn= AaP r= E=R? S.

1j i tng hRnh thc gi t4L v" th+i h,n c#a kho5n cho vay tiu *ng

+P Wr= \Q ))1)1'9jw NK| W|K 971e)C AaP C[ Wv AK? AK?

? lKZ= EKk A W? E=R A EK EK KqE Ox A@A W=x? t?Ew A@A ?Q EA O\ ?k t~

K\K AKK AK OPQ E=R? S EF K]X O= E\ [ A[ Wv. NK| W|K \Q t=R

EhA WnA YgP Wm= EF A@A =P= W] E=i EK`: N 'ee9C \Q )))1''e N

'97C \Q 1j)1''9.

TqE Ak A@A A@ K A Wa o tyA K\K O= Wx? A lKk o WnA Aq E Sh

E=R? Sw O= W=x? l=: lKk AK OPQ W lKb Yg Sh W> KhA Oh AK K]E W[

Kx K=w AK XP EK AKqE EK? E?~ t\ E=R? S AK A@ K. T?Q EKiw W>

Ks dP Fa= Fw A@A NHTM O A K == K] Ox W= En K AK OPQ O Sh

K == K] Ox W[ E?m=.TFR Ap YZ NK| W|K AK?w A@A A A A Wx FP K t?Ew ?Q EA AaP

F=R XJKw E] FP Yy lK@A =E KqE W|K =P A@A ?A =P Ox K]X O=w W= Enw =@

EF| AaP lKk OPQw EKr= K] OPQw t= Y?qE...

V Shw E]= Bw EKb EKr A@A lKk AK OPQ E=R? S EKr WnA Aq AK

K r= A K? A? OPQ O= lKk AK OPQ E= EK=>? t\ 1.)fe U+w E= WP t\

)e.eee U+ EF EKr= K] E= EK=>? t\ 2 EK@. TFR EKyA Eiw A@A NHTM B A @

Sh ?Q W|K \Q X[E A@AK t=K K]E. V Sh E]= K\ "G:

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EK@w O= t= Y?qE ew9efEK@.

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3j K kDt h &?ng

TFA lK= l~ liEw r= Aq E Sh g= AK r= OPQ X[E k Kn Wv

EF W R? tR K W=x? lKk A EK=iE K Y E=x OPQw t= Y?qEw W=x? l= Yg

Sh E Shw r= k tKw t= ?@ K]w ?Qx AK?Q> Kn AaP r= Aq E

Sh... X\ ) R A EK> EKP EK?. TF EKr= =P 1f \Q l> Ed \Q r= OPQ

K WnA k Kn Wvw r= Aq E Sh A EF@AK K=X AKr EKb E= Kk Kv=Ed r= E=R? S. TF EKr= =P Ww r= E=R? S K\ E\ A ?Qx Ed AK=

l~ liE O\ 7 \Q YP? lK= Kn Wv WnA l~ liEw r= E=R? S O WnA K K?

Kn Wv.

-j Hhanh ton ESi v" gc

Ni? l~ K=? I t\ t= Y?qE X\ r= E=R? S Kk= EKPK E@ EFR Em E=x OPQ

EF EKr= K] 1 EK@w M t\ =@ EF| lKk OPQ O\ E t\ EKr= =P OPQ EKJ Y E=x r=

E=R? S Kk= EFk K\ EK@ t\:

t

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u@A W|K SyP EK` =@ EF| AaP lKk E Sh O\ EKr= K] OPQ AaP Kn Wv.

TKPK E@ EFA: V\ qE A_ EKr= W=>X \w r= OPQ Wx? A ?Qx EKPK

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W|K Z B t\ 1 EK@.

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lK= EJK EF] E\= AKK AaP r= E=R? S EFZ R EFX EFz. TKX K@ EsP @

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j f#i 4o v" X5o &5m cho vay

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AK OPQw K\ Ws= K= lK@AK K\:

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Wv As =@ EF|. V= Hn Wv \Qw Ab EQ k K=>X WkX K EF@AK K=X K\

EFk Ak E=x O O\ t= As Kk= EFk AaP r= W= OPQ AK K\.

~ liE 1 Kn Wv AK?Q> Kn tp. Hn Wv \Q t\ 1 =qQ ? ?Qx

AaP lK@AK K\w k WkX AK?Q> E\ [ ?Qx tn= EK? K AaP PK EP O\ Kn

Wv k K=>X Y?E Wr=. CKqX S_E Kn Wv AK OPQ E=R? Sw i? lK@AK K\ As

n K\w lKk k K=>X WnA AK?Q> t]= AK lK@AK K\.j u5n E h"nh ch'nh

M= ?A =P A 1 K EK ?k t~ K\K AKK Ab E@A AK OPQ E=R? S. V

Sh E]= Bw V?P t\ r= ?QiE W|K EK\K t X[E K[= Wv l=>X Y@E. H[= Wv \Q

P vX f EK\K O=Rw 1 AKa E|AKw ) AK?QR =P t?E Ox AK OPQ E=R? Sw ) AK?QR

=P Ox EKb E=. TF K=X l j oXw H[= Wv t=R liE O= A@A Ap ?P t=R ?P

E=i K\K =@X Y@Ew K S:

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4y E? EKa A@A W=x? lKk EF t?E

4] EKk A@A E\= t=?w =qQ Er A EK=iE AK O=A @ Sh t?E

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L\X @ A@ K\ oX O\ W? l g= E= Ks t\X t?E

C@A \Kw Ap ?P lK@A A t=R ?P K NHT{ Bw A@A Em AK_A AK OPQw

A@A Ap ?P ?k t~ K\K AKK lK@A Wx? A EF@AK K=X g= A@A EKb E= A EK=iE

AK H[= Wv O\ A@A EK\K O=R AaP H[= Wv lK= H[= Wv QR? A?.

1.2.3.2. G" hc 7"nh ngh"( ,kt , X;" v'" c+c N@0M t" R"(t N

( T]= WP Y A@A Aw A@A K\ \Q A\ ?P EX Wi O=A K@E EF=>

t]= KJK AK OPQ E=R? S EF K]E W[ AK OPQ AK? AaP Kz. H]E W[ AK

OPQ E=R? S \Q A\ EFZ R Km =i O\ WnA lK?Qi lKAK K@E EF=>.TK Wi

PQw liE ?k K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S E]= A@A A AK EKqQ WQ t\ t]= KJK Fa= F

Ep W= EKqw K m W|K EK? K AK A@A K\w KqE t\ E]= A@A A A

lK? OyA Ab EQ t\X o lX K=? ?k.

( NK K=>? =iE AaP r= S Ox A@A Oq Wx t=R ?P Wi K]E W[ AK

OPQ E=R? S kK KZ W@ l> Wi liE ?k O\ AKqE tn AaP K]E W[ \Q.

( V=A K@E EF=> K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S Ws= K= A@A K\ Kk= A

?Q W|Kw ?Q EFJK =@X Y@E O\ ?k t~ Fa= F E Sh EFAw EF O\ YP? lK= Aq

E Sh AKE AKw E Xw K EK EKb E= W@K =@ lK@AK K\ WQ Waw A KE S

KJK EK_A AK OPQ \Q AKa Qi? t\ A@A X OPQ K O\ lKb A E\= Yk k WkX.

( > K@E EF=> KJK EK_A AK OPQ \Q O\ k WkX P E\ AK K]E W[

K\ Ws= K= Yy Kn E@A AKE AK =P K\ EF? pw A@A Em AK_A AK OPQ O\

A@A Ap ?P ?k t~ K\K AKK lK@A.

( H]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S E]= A@A A EF lK? OyA K= Kk=

K lK lKo K: EK? K AaP r= S lKb m W|K K EK EKb E= E

Sh A@ K AKP K@E EF=> A@A AKK Y@AKw ?Q W|K K@ t~ t=R ?P Wi AK OPQ

E=R? S AKP K\ EK= A]K EFPK \Q A\ =P Eo lK= A Yy EKPX =P \Q

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K4t "ubn chng 1

T\ [ AKp 1 t\ K t~ t? Ap k Ox AK OPQ = AK?w AK OPQ E=R?S = F=R O\ AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S EF K\ EKp X]=. Td

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K Oq Wx XP EK lK@= ?@E Ox AK OPQ E=R? S Wi K Oq Wx Ah EK>

K: K@= =Xw W= Enw WA W=>X O\ tn= AK AaP AK OPQ E=R? S KPQ A@A KJK

EK_A AK OPQ E=R? Sw ?k EF| Fa= F EF K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S Wx? WnA

Wx A Wi EF AKp \Q. v EKr=w AKp A R? tR K K E kK

KZ E= AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S O\ OP= EFs ?P EFz AaP AK OPQ E=R? SO= 2 lKP A]K AKK W t\: lK@AK K\w K\ O\ x l=K Ei u K[= A O=

EJK KJK K]E W[ AaP A@A K\ EKp X]= E]= X[E Y A EFR EKi ==. Td

W FE FP WnA \= KzA l=K K=X AK A@A K\ V=E NPX K= PQ. BR A]K

Ww AKp 1 A t\ Ap YZ t~ t? WP FP A@AK EK_A K=R A_? EKyA EF] AKqE tn

K]E W[ AK OPQ E=R? S O\ =k= K@ AP AKqE tn AK OPQ E=R? S Y

WnA EFJK \Q EF AKp E=i EK`.

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0@C 0}N& C@ REe 0IfK DN& 0I N&aN @N& NN&

N&@IB R B@F0 0}IJN NN& 0@N C@I N@FN@ &IE LaM

2.1. &"'" th"(u chung v Ngn hng n)ng ngh"(* v *h+t t,"-n n)ng th)n &" L2.1.1. &"'" th"(u 7h+" u+t v Ngn hng n)ng ngh"(* v *h+t t,"-n n)ng th)n

R"(t N

TK\K t \Q )j21'99w K]E W[ EK` L?E A@A Tm AK_A T Sh V=E

NPXw Wi PQ N K\ Nb K= O\ K@E EF=> Nb EKb V=E NPX ( "F=Pl

t\ K\ EKp X]= K\ W? = OP= EFs AKa W] O\ AKa tyA EF K@E EF=> l=K

Ei V=E NPXw WA =E t\ W? E AK b K=w b Sw b EKb.

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( Tm ?v O 2.221 E Wv.

( V Ey A: )).17j E Wv.

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( Tm S n 2f.11) E Wv.

( M] t= K]E W[: )2ee AK= K@K O\ Ks =P S|AK EFR E\ ?A.( NK Yy: 2f.12f A@ [.

"F=Pl t?b AK EFz W? E Wm= X= O\ _ Sh Ab K K\

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K\ E=R E=i. "F=Pl t\ K\ W? E=R K\ EK\K Dy @ H= W]= KP K

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K\ EF O\ \= A. H= PQ "F=Pl WP A 1e EF=? lK@AK K\ t\ K[ Yk

u?qEw 2e.eee lK@AK K\ t\ SPK K=. "F=Pl t\ X[E EF Y A@A K\ A

?P K K\ W]= t~ t KqE V=E NPX O= 1.e2 K\ W]= t~ E]= 'f ?A =P

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Y =k= Kp )w2 E U4D. 4 Y Ww "F=Pl lKb d E=i Aw EK? KE

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KPw AKP K O\ E K\ O] Y?qE ?\ AK Wv \ Kw Wv \ | EK=R EP=

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t )j21'99 ( )j2)ee'.

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O\ Yy K= Ab K= K@w K= W]= K@ O\ K@E EF=> l=K Ei AaP WqE A.

2.1.2. &"'" th"(u v Ngn hng n)ng ngh"(* v *h+t t,"-n n)ng th)n &" L

2.1.2.1. &"'" th"#u v tnh hnh h)" @u!#n &" L

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SPK K=Rc O\ Kp 9.fee KbcYk u?qE l=K SPK A@ EK>.

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