nano-bio dr nedra karunaratne

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Nanotechnology applications in Biology and Medicine Prof. Nedra Karunaratne

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Page 1: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Nanotechnology applications in Biology and Medicine

Prof. Nedra Karunaratne

Page 2: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Applications of nanomaterials in biology Fluorescent biological labels MRI contrast enhancement Biodetection of pathogens Detection of proteins Separation and purification of biomolecules and cells. Probing of DNA structure Tumour destruction via heating (hyperthermia) Phagokinetic studies Tissue engineering Biosensors- Enzyme Electronic biosensors, etc. Biomineralization Drug and gene delivery-( later under DDM and encapsulation)

Ref. OV Salata. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2004, 2:3  

Page 3: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Fluorescent biological labels- Quantum DotsTen distinguishable emission colours of ZnS capped CdSe Quantum Dots excited with a near UV lamp. From left to right (blue to red, emission maxima are 443, 473, 481,500, 518, 543, 565, 587, 610 qnd 655nm.

Page 4: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Antigen/Antibody Immunocomplex from CdTe Nanoparticle Bioconjugates.

Nano Letters, 2 (2002) 817 - 822

Change in the colour when antigen binds the antibody

Page 5: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

For optical measurements near IR ,UV & fluorescence emission properties are mostly considered.IR,UV & fluorescence detectors are used as instruments

Biophoton emission of AH109A, a rat hepatoma, with 107cells transplanted into BALB-c nu/nu mice. Fluorescence of nanoparticles

Fluorescence detection

Page 6: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Biodetection of Pathogens by DNA Hybridization

A multianalyte biosensor that uses DNA hybridization, magnetic micro beads and giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors to detect and identify biological warfare agents. (BARC bead array counter)

Page 7: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Schematic diagram of the BARC chip surface chemistry and hybridization assay. Thiolated DNA probes are

patterned onto a gold layer directly above the GMR sensors on the BARC chip.Biotinylated sample DNA is then added and hybridizes with the DNA probes on the surface when the complementary sequence is present.Unbound sample DNA is washed away.Streptavidin coated magnetic beads are injected over the chip surface, binding to biotinylated sample DNA hybridized on the BARC chip.Beads that are not specifically bound are removed by applying a magnetic field.Bound beads are detected by the GMR sensors.

Page 8: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Applications of Carbon nanotubes.• CNT based microscopy: AFM, STM…• Nanotube sensors: bio, chemical…• Nanoscale reactors, ion channels• Biomedical - Nanoelectrodes for implantation - Lab on a chip - DNA sequencing through AFM imaging - Artificial muscles - Vision chip for macular degeneration, retinal cell transplantation

Page 9: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

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Probe molecules for a given target can be attached to CNT tips for biosensor development

Electrochemical approach: requires nanoelectrode development using PECVD grown vertical nanotubes

The signal can be amplified with metal ion mediator oxidation

CNT Biosensors

Page 10: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Functionalized nanotubes:Molecular structures of derivatised carbon nanotubes- derivative (1) and mono (2) and bis (3) conjugates.Ref. Chemistry & Biology 10 (2003) 961 - 966

Applications- Biological labelling, cancer diagnostics, Gene identification

Page 11: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Fabrication of Gene chip

Potential applications:(1)Lab-on-a-chip applications(2)Early cancer detection(3)Infectious disease

detection(4)Environmental monitoring(5)Pathogen detection

Page 12: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Commercial Exploration-

Advectus Life Science Inc Drug Delivery BASF Toothpaste Immunicon Cell Separation Evident Technol, Quantum Dot Corp. Luminescent biomarkers Nanoprobes Inc. Gold nanoparticles Biophan Technologies Inc. MRI Shielding Argonide Membrane filtration Enviro Systems Inc. Surface Disinfectants PSiVida Ltd. Tissue Engineering,implants,

drugs and gene delivery, bio-filtration. Smith & Nephew Acticoat bandages

Page 13: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne

Way ahead Fabrication of bioindicators for detection of

tropical diseases. (early detection of Malaria, Denghi, Leptospirosis etc) Gene chip

Membrane filtration (applications in water purification eg for CKDu patients)

Diagnostic kits. (detecting glucose and other metabolites)

Delivery of nutrients in food (nanodelivery systems) and agricultural (fertilizer) applications

Applications in drug delivery (discussed separately)

Page 14: Nano-bio Dr Nedra Karunaratne