nano electronics - nanotech magazine€¦ · 60 graphane properties, effect and applications. 61...

APPLICATIONSITO replacement, conductive inks,

e-paper and many more.

GLOBAL MARKET TO 2020

COMPANIESAll the leading

companies profiled.

MARKETSEnd user markets

and products.

REVENUESAddressable market

figures.

FEBRUARY 2014£1100

ELECTRONICSFUTURE MARKETS

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EDITOR’S LETTER

4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYNanotechnology is a key driver for new and innovative electronics applications.

6 METHODOLOGY

7 INTRODUCTIONNanomaterials in electronics.

11 Electronic packagingMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target market estimates.

13 DisplaysMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target-market estimates.

16 Data storageMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target-market estimates.

18 TransistorsMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target-market estimates.

20 PhotonicsMarket drivers, nanomaterials used and target-market estimates..

23 GrapheneProperties, effect, applications and companies.

34 NanoparticlesProperties, effect, applications and companies.

37 Carbon NanotubesProperties, effect, applications and companies.

42 NanofibersProperties, effect, applications and companies.

45 NanowiresProperties, effect, applications and companies.

Future Markets, Inc.Published by Future Markets, Inc. and Nanotech Magazine, February 2014. Tel +44 (0) 131 478 0921Fax +44 (0) 872 115 4084 Email: [email protected] Web: www.futuremarketsinc.com

© Future Markets, Inc. 2014

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contentsNANOELECTRONICS

49 Quantum dotsProperties, effect, applications and compa-nies.

54 FullerenesPoperties, effect, applications and compa-nies.

56 GermananeProperties, effect and applications.

57 SiliceneProperties, effect and applications.

58 GraphdiyneProperties, effect and applications.

60 GraphaneProperties, effect and applications.

61 Molybdenum DisulfideProperties, effect and applications.

64 Graphene companiesProducts, target electronics markets and contact details.

151 Fullerene companiesProducts, target electronics markets and contact details.

153 Carbon nanotubes companiesProducts, target electronics markets and contact details.

186 Nanofibers companiesProducts, target electronics markets and contact details.

190 Nanowires companiesProducts, target electronics markets and contact details.

203 Quantum dots companiesProducts, target electronics markets and contact details.

222 Nanoparticles companiesProducts, target electronics markets and contact details.

TABLESTable 1: Table 1: Addressable global market size for nanomaterials in electronics 2013, most promising applications areas

Table 2: Nanomaterials utilized in electron-ics

Table 3: Nanomaterials in electronic packag-ing and target market size

Table 4: Nanomaterials in displays and target market size

Table 5: Nanomaterials in data storage and target market size

Table 6: Nanomaterials in transistors and target market size

Table 7: Nanomaterials in photonics and target market size

Table 8: Properties of materials for transpar

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ent conducting film

Table 9: Applications of nanofibers in elec-tronics

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2-D nanomaterials promise to lead to signifi-cant breakthroughs in nanoelectronics.

N anotechnology is making a significant impact on the electronics sector, driven

by consumer electronics require-ments and the need to enhance the speed and performance of comput-ing components while reducing their size. A number of electronic products made with nanomaterials are already commercially available and more are coming onto the mar-ket in 2014, especially in consumer electronics. Liquid repellent, ther-mal, conductive, magnetic and anti-corrosive nanocoatings have been applied inside and outside elec-tronic devices. Graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver nanoparticles and nanowires and quantum dots are finding their way into the displays and touchscreens markets.

Economic impactMicro- and nanoelectronics under-pin a significant part of the global economy. • The global turnover of the sector was $310 billion in 2012. The value of products comprising micro- and nanoelectronic components repre-sents around $215 billion of value globally.• Despite the recent financial and economic setbacks, the worldwide market for micro- and nanoelec-tronics has grown by 5% per year

since 2000. Further growth of at least the same magnitude is pre-dicted for the remaining part of the current decade. • The pace of innovation in the field is one of the main drivers behind the high growth rates of the whole digital sector which today has a total value of around $4050 billion worldwide. Dow Chemical estimate the current addressable electronics market to be $95 billion with an-nual growth of 5%-7%.• The impact of micro- and nano-electronics on the whole economy is estimated at 10% of the world-wide GDP.

DriversShrinking semiconductor device sizes have increased demand for more sophisticated materials, primarily nanomaterials. Demand is increasing for smaller, more highly integrated electronic products. This has led to ever higher perfor-mance and more complex semicon-ductor devices. As these devices become more highly integrated and incorporate more advanced functions, manufacturing processes are becoming more miniaturized and complex, and include diverse reliability factors. Nanomaterials are candidates to replace or comple-ment traditional semiconductors in both high-performance and

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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low-cost devices. Nanomaterials will potentially meet a wide range of memory device needs including speed, power consumption, density, reliability, non-volatility, and cost. CNTS and nanoparticles are utilized for their radiation and temperature intolerance, high speed capabilities and long-term scaling potential.

Trends in 2014• Indium tin oxide (ITO) replace-ment is a key theme among product development. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene may allow for the replacement of existing electri-cally conductive that are in short supply, expensive and limited in

their use with flexible substrates.• Quantum dots, nanoparticle silver, silver nanowires, graphene enabled consumer electronics products are on the market in 2014. • Increased focus on 2-D nanomate-rials in nanoelectronics.• Companies are mainly targetting the small/medium size flat panel display market. This is estimated to be $130 billion and will reach $150 billion in next few years, driven by the exploding consumer demand for portable display-based electron-ics such as smartphones, cameras, iPads, netbooks, and similar devices. For such applications, low-cost, high image quality, low-power consump-

tion display screens are already sought-after and will be in high demand. • Most product development has re-sulted from strategic partnerships. • Nanomaterials are driving devel-opments in printable and flexible electronics.• Competition from silicon in semi-conductors and sensors for nano-materials is significant. Graphene, sliver nanowires and carbon nano-tubes are likely to become increas-ingly competitive as well as other 2-D materials such as boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten tungsten disulfide and germanane.

Table 1: Addressable global market size for nanomaterials in electronics 2013, most promising ap-plications areas

Sub-market Total market Addressable market

Thermal management $910 Million (Graphene Fron-tiers)

$250 Million (Graphene Frontiers)

Printable electronics $ 4 Billion (ThinFilm) $1.5 Billion (ThinFilm)

ITO replacement $1.6 Billion $1.6 Billion

Electronics coatings and films

$3 billion (University of Shef-field)

$1.5-1.8 Billion

Global electronics market $1 Trillion Plus (Consumer Elec-tronics Association)

$95 Billion (Dow Chemical)$48 Billion (3M)

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T he report covers the main nanoelectronics market suppliers and application developers. End user markets and applications are out-

lined and forecast. The research methodology initially encompassed a comprehensive and exhaustive search of the literature on nanotechnology and nanomateri-als related to electronics. Secondary sources included journals and related books, trade literature, marketing literature, technology roadmaps, other product/promo-tional literature, annual reports, analyst reports, confer-ence proceedings and other publications. An extensive patent analysis was conducted to gauge technological innovation and to determine research activity as it ap-plies to new product development.

A series of interviews were conducted via email and phone with nanotechnology and nanoma-terials company representatives, academics,

technology suppliers, technical experts, trade associa-tion officials, and consulting companies. In addition, most of the service providers and end users were con-tacted to evaluate current and future demands.

T he market was then quantified relevant appli-cation impact and the main prerequisites for commercial success were identified including

performance of the technology, supplier distribution, legislation, pricing of competing products, sale of complementary products, industry environment and demographics of the customer.

Report methodology

METHODOLOGY

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Nanomaterials are being widely ap-plied in the electronics and com-puting industry, primarily arising from the need to create smaller, faster microchips and memory de-vices, as well as offering improved performance for displays and sensors. Semiconducting inorganic nanowires (NWs), nanotubes and nanofibers have been extensively explored in recent years as poten-tial building blocks for nanoscale electronics, optoelectronics, chemi-cal/biological/optical sensing, and energy harvesting, storage and conversion, etc. Application of nanotechnology in integrated circuits is leading to improvements in processor density and performance, energy efficiency and reliability. Organic light-emit-

ting diodes (OLEDs) are also begin-ning to impact the market, enabling low power, flexible displays with high performance capabilities. Quantum dot displays with tunabil-ity that enables high-performance colour are also close to market. Nanomaterials are being integrated into Field Emission Displays (FED), and Surface-conductive Electron-emissive Displays (SED), which are not on the market as yet, as op-posed to commercially available OLED displays in portable electronic applications such as mobile phone screens and laptops. More prod-ucts are being commercialised, and deals between electronics manu-facturers, industrial producers and providers of alternative transparent conductive coatings are helping

these technologies establish them-selves in the transparent conductor market.Nanomaterials offer the potential to meet a wide range of memory device needs including speed, power consumption, density, reli-ability, non-volatility, and lower cost. There are a number of nano-technology-based approaches to the development of data storage that are currently under develop-ment: Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM), Ferro-electric RAM, (FeRAM), Resistive RAM (RRAM), and NRAM (Nanotube RAM). Moore’s Law dictates that these current devices will inevitably rely on emerging nanotechnology, be it in materials or fabrication. Carbon nanotubes, 2-D nanomate-

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

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rials and nanoparticles are utilized for their radiation and temperature intolerance, high speed capabilities and long-term scaling potential. Samsung and Nanosys are two com-panies using nanocrystal memory to extend floating gate or charge trap flash memory structures. In the last decade a lot of experimental efforts have been directed to miniaturize

nanoelectronic and optoelectronic components, light-emitting sources, and ultimately laser devices, due the increasing demand of compact pho-ton sources for integrated photon circuits and for lab-on-a-chip devices relying on microfluidic operation.

Table 2: Nanomaterials utilized in electronics

Nanomaterials Application

Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) • Polishing slurries.• High-precision optics for lasers• Dielectrics• IR imaging• Optoelectronics and military and defense applications such as IR missile domes and ceramic armored windows• Specialty optical fiber doped additives

Antimony tin oxide (ATO) • Pure and doped nanoparticulate antimony tin oxide is used as a transpar-ent conducting oxide due to its key properties of optical transparency and electrical conductivity in displays and solar cells• Sputtering targets.

Carbon Nanotubes • Conductive polymers & composites (automobiles and electronics)• Electromagnetic shielding• Transparent conducting CNT-based coatings for lower cost and flexible displays and solar cells• Semiconducting materials• Touch screen displays with enhanced durability• Electronic circuits for lower power and higher speed enabling new device architectures• Electronic textiles

Copper(II) oxide (CuO) • Conductive printing• Copper based inkjet inks to form various devices such as solar cells, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and electroluminescence devices.

Fullerenes and POSS • Organic photodiodes and photodetectors• Photodiodes based on composites of fullerene derivatives and conjugated polymers• Integrated circuits• Fullerene C60 and its derivatives are used for design of OFETs and electronic devices such as ring oscillators and other functional integrated circuits.

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Graphene • Radio-frequency identification tags• Low-resolution displays and backlights• Sensors• Electrical contacts• Analog signal processing • Electronics packaging.

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) and Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4)

• Magnetic media • Optoelectronic devices

Manganese(II) oxide (MnO) and Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)

• Magnetic data storage and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)• Electronic components.

Nanofibers • Electromagnetic shielding materials and electromagnetic wave absorption materials• Organic light-emitting diodes• Organic photovoltaics• Organic field-effect transistors • Lasers• Waveguides. • Multi-functional composites (EMI shielding, thermal conducting, strengthen, conducting, etc.)• Electrically conductive/antistatic polymers• Conductive Plastics: Electrostatic painting• Dielectric materials. • Substrates for flexible electronics (optically transparent paper)

Nanosilver • Conductive coatings in displays• Electrical Interconnects• Electrodes• RFID Antennas.

Nanowires • Basic electronic devices like junction diodes, transistors, FETs and logic gates can be fabricated by using semiconductor and superlattice nanow-ires• Components for electrical circuits• Metallic interconnects in nanoscale quantum devices• Flat panel displays• Semiconductor nanowire junctions can be used for different opto-elec-tronic applications• Magnetic information storage,

Nickel(II) oxide (NiO) • High-performance electrode material• Conductive paste• Magnetic recording materials

Quantum Dots • Solid state lighting and displays• Quantum computing• Flexible displays• Optical components• Organic dye-based solar cells

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Silicon Oxide (SiO2) • Nanoelectronics fabrication as mask substrate, as agteoxide in MOSFETs or as insulation coating in ICs.

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) • Transparent conductive thin-films in blue laser diodes, solar cells and liquid crystal displays• Capacitors, varistors, photoprinting and electrophotography

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Electronic packagingMarket driversIn electronic packaging, the market demand is for low cost, large-area, flexible and lightweight electronic and communication devices with high reliability and multiple func-tions. The need to improve bonding technology and functional sub-strate density are the main tech-nological priorities for electronic packaging. The semiconductor industry (ranging from low-power portables to high-power micro-processors) is greatly focused on thermal management and related failure mechanisms in 3D packag-ing, particularly at the increasing number of “thermally-important” interfaces. As a result, nanocompos-ites of nanotubes and nanopowders are being utilized in high-density, high-speed, miniaturized electronic packaging.

NanomaterialsCopper is the conventional material used for interconnects in electron-ics packaging because of its low electrical resistance and low cost of production. However, as we scale down and increase the packaging density the properties of copper will experience certain limitations. One of the major issues is huge CTE mismatch with silicon, which leads to thermomechanical stress that finally decreases the reliability of the devices. Improved materials or

composites which could overcome current limitations and also exhibit compatibility for future downscal-ing are required. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are promis-ing materials with extraordinary electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties and are considered suitable for electronic packaging either in pure form or as fillers for composites.Nanostructured electronic packag-ing materials comprise combina-tions of thermal, mechanical, opti-cal, electrical, and other properties. For example, CNTs display excellent mechanical compliance (~ 100 MPa) together with very low thermal resistance (~0.03 m2K/W) and robustness during thermal cycling.

Other materials such as graphene are also under development in this market and arguably show greater promise. For high-density bonding, na-noscale surface activated bonding and nano conductive coatings can greatly increase bonding density. For functional substrate technol-ogy, nanomaterial modified passive components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors and filters that can be embedded in the functional substrate can greatly improve func-tional substrate density. The use of nanomaterials can overcome current technical bottle-necks (e.g. insufficient bonding density, insufficient Dk for capacitor material, insufficient precision for

ELECTRONIC PACKAGING

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resistor) in electronics packaging and also satisfy the need of innova-tive integration from information, communication and consumer elec-tronic industries when developing lightweight, thin, short and small, and highly integrated and more competitive products.

Thermal managementAs the power densities of elec-tronic chips increase, with faster and denser circuits on the chips, heat dissipation of the packaging becomes critical in determining their reliability and performances as both the high temperature and the associated large thermo-mechanical stress within the packages can degrade the circuit performances and lifetime of the chips. Nanoma-terials are allowing the semiconduc-tor industry meet these growing challenges of hotspot mitigation, thermal management paths, and thermomechanical degradation that

are resulting from the increased quantity and complexity of ther-mally critical interfaces. The high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties of CNTs and graphene are being utilized to meet these needs. Graphene fillers in an organic (polymeric) matrix are be-ing deployed for applications such as conductive inks, thermal inter-face materials (TIMs), barrier layers, shielding layers, encapsulants, and electrically conductive adhesives.There are still challenges in the scal-ability of graphene while preserving its intrinsic properties for electronic packaging applications. Meanwhile, other 2D materials, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), whose structures are similar to that of graphene, are also being actively researched. Other graphene-like materials that have emerged, include transition metal dichalco-genides (TaS2, WS2, MoS2, MoTe2, NiTe2) and graphane (double-sided

hydrogenated graphene) and fluo-rographene (fluorinated graphene).

Table 3: Nanomaterials in electronic packaging and target market size

Main nanomaterials uti-lized

• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene• Transition metal dichalcogenides (TaS2, WS2, MoS2, MoTe2, NiTe2• Graphane (double-sided hydrogenated graphene) • Fluorographene (fluorinated graphene).

Market estimates • Semiconductors packaging market 2011: $57 billion (BCC Research)• Global semiconductors packaging market 2013: $19.3 billion (SEMI)• Global semiconductors packaging market 2017: $20 billion (SEMI)• Thermal interface semiconductors packaging market 2013: $620 million (SEMI)• Epoxy molding compound (EMC) market in the semiconductor packaging industry 2017: $1.72 billion (Lucintel)

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Displays

Market driversTransparent conductive films (TCFs) are used in a wide range of products, including liquid-crystal displays (LCDs), e-Readers, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and quantum dot light-emitting diode (QDLED) displays and lighting, touch sensors, photovoltaic mod-ules, and architectural windows. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) dominates the market. Other materials used include silver grids or silver nanow-ires; conductive polymers, such as polythiophenes, including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT); carbon nanotubes (CNTs), especially single- and few-walled CNTs; and graphene. ITO is unsuitable for electronics applications requiring printability, flexibility, or stretch-ability and therefore nanomaterials, especially graphene could open up whole new markets for consumer electronics.

NanomaterialsAs well as enabling novel approach-es to display designs, nanomaterials are also incorporated into display components, such as transparent electrodes, thin film transistors and coatings, sensors, transparent conductors, and infrared and visible photodetectors. Displays incorporating nanomateri-als, especially CNTs and graphene, are beginning to appear as pro-totypes and will hit the market in the next 18 months. Multinational companies Toshiba, Motorola, Hi-

tachi and Samsung are all develop-ing nanomaterial-based display technologies. Unidym and Samsung demonstrated in 2008 a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based active ma-trix electrophoretic display (EPD) epaper, in which the transparent electrode is a CNT thin film. CNT-based transparent electrodes have long been put forward as a candi-date to replace ITO.

GrapheneGraphene is the most promising candidate for next generation flex-ible electronics and is overtaking CNTs as the most viable candidate in this sector. Graphene is being used in transparent conductive coatings for touch screens and displays, and in 2010 Samsung followed up its nanotube flexible display prototype with one incor-porating graphene. The company is conducting ongoing research col-

laboration with graphene pioneers at the University of Manchester and Sungkyunkwan University to devel-op enhanced display technologies and full product integration is ex-pected in the next year. Graphene inks lose little conductivity when folded so are an ideal candidate for flexible displays. Most conduc-tive inks on the market are made from expensive silver particles. They also have to be heat-treated after they’re applied, which means they can’t be printed on polymers and other heat-sensitive materi-als. Graphene ink requires no heat treatment and is more conductive than other carbon-based alterna-tives to silver inks. BASF is develop-ing graphene inks for electronics applications along with Vorbeck Materials. Other materials utilized include quantum dots.

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Quantum dotsNanosys is producing high effi-ciency quantum dot phosphors find application in LED displays, provid-ing a high quality, tri-color white light from a standard blue LED light source. Nanosys collaborates with industry to develop QD products for computing, optoelectronics, communications, renewable energy, defense and the life sciences. 3M is collaborating with Nanosys, Inc., to produce the QDEF solution specifi-cally to deliver more colour, and to make devices such as smart phones, tablets and televisions, lighter, brighter and more energy efficient.

Silver nanowiresCambrios Technologies Corp’s proprietary nanostructured materi-als can be deposited using existing production equipment to achieve enhanced performance of display devices and components at lower manufacturing cost. The com-pany’s first product is ClearOhm™ coating material that produces a transparent, conductive film by wet processing. ClearOhm™ films have improved properties by comparison to currently used materials such as indium tin oxide and other trans-parent conductive oxides. Appli-cations of ClearOhm™ coating mate-rial include transparent electrodes for touch screens, liquid crystal displays, e-paper, OLED devices, and thin film photovoltaics.Invisicon® from Eikos, Inc. is a trans-parent conductive coating tech-nology for application in displays, photovoltaic cells, lighting, energy storage, and flexible electronics. In-visicon® is suitable as a replacement

for ITO and conducting polymers and exhibits characteristics such as durability, index matching, and anti-reflective properties.

SmartphonesApplications of nanomaterials in the smartphone market include anti-scratch and waterproof coatings, transparent electrodes for touch screens and conductive films for LCDs. The market for nanocoatings will grow across all sectors over the next 5-10 years, and especially in the consumer electronics market, which is estimated to reach esti-mated US $1,210 billion globally by 2017. Hydrophobic and oleophobic repellency treatments are already integrated across a range of smart phones. OEM and consumer ap-plied coatings have been devel-oped for cell phones, PDA, iPod, iPhone, laptops, and touch screens. Permanent waterproof and easy-clean nanoscale coating can be applied by the OEM on both glass and plastic screens. In addition, a temporary coating can be applied by the consumer using a felt-tip ap-plicator. Aculon has developed this technology. Materials used in these coatings include nanosilver. Agion develops anti-microbial solutions based on silver. Agion’s anti-micro-bial technology has been incorpo-rated into products including cell phones, shoes, keyboards, pens, water filters, air conditioning and heating units, medical catheters, ice machines, and faucet handles. Moisture destroys 82 million phones annually in the United States alone. Liquipel, P2i and HzO, have devel-

oped super-hydrophobic nanocoat-ings for waterproofing consumer electronic equipment. The coat-ing has been incorporated into Samsung’s Galaxy smart phones. Liquipel’s patented and patent-pending process creates a liquid-repellent coating that is 1,000-times thinner than a human hair but will last the life of the device. It not only exceeds cell-phone manufacturers’ requirements but actually creates a new category for water-safe elec-tronics. HzO produces WaterBlock nano-coatings for electronic circuitry and components to protect elec-tronic devices and assemblies from moisture damage. WaterBlock is a super-hydrophobic nanocoating. The technology has been applied to a line of back-lit magnetic compass-es by NavELite, and the TAG Heuer RACER Sub-Nano–a limited edition, Android-based smartphone. P2i was established in 2004 to com-mercialize super liquid-repellent treatments developed by the Defense Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl). They originally market an ion-mask™ treatment for footwear and textile products before expanding in to splash-proof liquid repellent nanocoatings that have been applied to Motorola and TCL Communication smart phones and tablets. They are a leading materials provider in this growing market. The company has recently added an additional technology to it’s product offering, Dunkable™, a hydrophobic coating for cellphones.

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Table 4: Nanomaterials in displays and target market size


• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene• Silver nanowires• Metal oxide nanoparticles in protective coatings• Transition metal dichalcogenides (TaS2, WS2, MoS2, MoTe2, NiTe2• Graphane (double-sided hydrogenated graphene) • Fluorographene (fluorinated graphene).

Market estimates • Transparent electrode market 2011: $4 billion. 2013: $26 billion. 2015: $58 billion (ORNL)• Global conductive coatings market 2012: $9 billion. 2019: $19 billion (Nanomarkets)• Global electronics coatings and films market, in 2010 is estimated to be $3 billion (University of Sheffield)• The electronic displays market, in 2010 is estimated to be $100 billion.Touchscreens account for approximately 13% of this total. (Engineer Live)• Global printable electronics market 2008: $2.8 billion. 2015: $24.25 billion (MarketsandMarkets)• Printable electronics market 225: $300 billion. RFID Tags market 2011: $5.84 billion (IDTechEx)• Plastic electronics market 2020: $120 billion (Department for Business Innovation and Skills UK)• Global RFID tags market 2017: $18.7 billion (GIA)2011, the global sales revenue of memory ICs was just over US$62 billion (Companies and Markets)• Flexible electronics market 2015: $62.5 billion (USDC Flexible Displays Report)• Printable electronics global market 2012: $2.8-$3 billion (Various sources)

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Data storage

Market driversIn the data storage and memory sector there is a drive to develop non-volatile memory devices with reliable data storage and low cost.The hard disc drive market in 2013 was estimated to be around $40bil-lion, consolidated among Toshiba, Seagate and Western Digital Hard Drives. With the scale comput-ers and most of the conventional memory storage devices shrining rapidly the need for miniaturiza-tion of the memory storage units in electronic devices has increased. Nanomaterials are employed for storage applications due to the fact that they have higher surface areas and can allow for the storing of higher information per unit of their platform.Among many kinds of memory devices, flash memories which use a floating gate structure are the most widely used. To improve the device reliability, the recent trend of designing charge trapping layer for flash memory is to store data in discrete charge trapping cites such as metal or semiconductor nanoparticles.There are a number of nanotech-nology-based approaches to the development of data storage: • Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM)• Ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM)• Resistive RAM (RRAM)• NRAM (Nanotube RAM).

Magnetic nanoparticlesResearch into using magnetic nanoparticles for information stor-age is evolving rapidly. Nanoscale iron, nickel, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, zirconium oxide, manganese oxide, copper and co-balt find application utilizing their sensitive magnetic properties in magnetic recording media and spin electronics. Other magnetic nano-materials exploited include quan-tum dots and dot arrays, nanowires and nanojunctions. Magnetic nanoparticles with long relaxation times (thermally blocked nanoparticles) with stable rema-nent magnetization can be used as information carriers in magnetic identification and data-storage systems where it is crucial to have small regions of magnetic mate-rial. The two directions of the magnetic moments (the remament magnetization) of the magnetic

nanoparticles gives the zeros (0) and ones (1) that make it possible to store information on a hard disk in a computer or in other types of media. The directions of the mag-netic moment of the nanoparticles must be stable with time, otherwise information can be lost. Iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic prop-erties and have been applied in magnetic storage devices. Iron platinum (FePt) nanoparticles find application in high-density perpen-dicular recording media with high recording resolution and excellent thermal stability. The use of plati-num cobalt (CoPt) alloy systems has also been investigated for magnetic storage applications. . They have has been employed for magnetic data storage in the form of thin films.

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Carbon nanotubesDue to their exceptional electronic properties, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) represent ideal candidates to function as active parts of nanoelectronic memory storage devices. Nanotero is de-veloping NRAM™, a high-density nonvolatile random access memory chip. The proprietary NRAM™ design uses carbon nanotubes as the active memory elements.

GrapheneMicro-electronic grade conductive

graphene film loaded on silicon wafer have been developed for memory components. Reduced graphene oxide has been investigated in charge trapping memory device, however, the prac-tical application of such devices are still constrained by several factors such as unbalanced charge trans-port or high voltage operation. Also under development are various graphene–based doped nonvola-tile resistive memory elements. As a gapless semiconductor, charge carriers in graphene can be tuned

continuously from electrons to holes, crossing the charge neutral point using an external electric field. Graphene intrinsically has a high resistance state at the neutral-ity point and a low resistance state when heavily doped, so has excel-lent potential for use as a resistive memory.

DATA STORAGE

Table 5: Nanomaterials in data storage and target market size


• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene• Fullerenes• Nanowires• Iron oxide nanoparticles• Iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles• Manganese(III) oxide nanoparticles• Transition metal dichalcogenides (TaS2, WS2, MoS2, MoTe2, NiTe2• Graphane (double-sided hydrogenated graphene) • Fluorographene (fluorinated graphene).

Market estimates • Global data storage market 2010: $110 billion (Observatory Nano)• Global hard disk drive industry 2013: $40 billion (Seagate)

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Transistors

Market driversField-effect transistors (FETs) are the basic building blocks of modern electronics. For decades, FETs have been built using semiconductors like silicon and gallium arsenide as active channel materials. These materials, however, are subject to well-established performance and processing limitations. Nanomateri-als are prime candidates to replace or complement traditional semicon-ductors in both high-performance and low-cost FET devices. As CMOS devices are scaled down to nano domain and below, semi-conductor fabrication technology is moving towards the design of nanoelectronic devices that make use of the exceptional properties of nanomaterials. Several emerg-ing devices such as Single Electron transistors, Quantum dot transis-tors, carbon nanotube Field effect transistors display great potential.

Extensive research is currently be-ing conducted to extend traditional CMOS devices. One of the main approaches is replacing the FET channel with high carrier mobil-ity nanomaterials. These materials display a semiconducting band structure only under quantum confinement. The three main types of quantum-confined structures are carbon nanotubes (CNT), nanowires (NW), and graphene nanoribbons. Intel currently mass produces multi-gate 22nm 3D Tri-gate Transistors. They are also conducting extensive

research on gate-all-around nanow-ire transistors

Nanowires and NanotubesAs the device size is coming down, gate lengths are reduced, and the corresponding reduction of oxide thickness results in unwanted ef-fects such as reduced threshold voltages, higher offset currents, reduced control of the gate over transistor characteristics has been observed. This leads to the inability of the non-volatile memory device to hold the threshold level it is ex-pected to sustain over long periods of time without electrical power being applied. Carbon nano tube field effect transistors are promising nano-scaled devices for implementing high performance, very dense and low power circuits. Because the carbon nanotube is very small and therefore only needs small amounts

of charge held by its capacitance to appreciably change the device’s threshold voltage, the dielectric can be made thick, so as to avoid pres-ent day scaling issues.Current research activities in nanowires and carbon nanotubes can be divided into three main categories: • experimental growth and assem-bly• CNT and NW device fabrication and characterization• CNT and NW circuits and integra-tion.

Key problems and issues include: • Difficulty of separating different types of carbon nanotubes (semi-conducting and metallic tubes) that are created together during material synthesis. Current research is investigating intensively various techniques for gaining better con-trol over the chirality of nanotube

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materials.• Developing methods for control-ling the assembly of nanostruc-tures. Manipulating large numbers of nanotubes into position is very slow and no high-volume manufac-turing processes exist today. New techniques for assembling parallel arrays of nanotubes or nanowires on substrates are currently investi-gated. Better control of the accu-racy of these methods is necessary and requires further innovation in the assembly and fabrication technology.

GrapheneGraphene films have generated a lot of interest recently as an alternative for channel replacement material in FET structures. Graphene films are well known to behave as high mo-bility zero bandgap semiconductors with high carrier mobilities. When patterned to sufficiently small rib-bon widths, the graphene ribbons begin to display a finite band gap resulting from quantum confine-ment. Graphene-based materials can be produced in any of three states: insulating, semiconducting and metallic. Low cost printing de-

position and inexpensive process-ing make these materials attractive as a conductor for interconnects and as a semiconductor in thin films for electronic applications such as Home TV LCD and Integrated Circuits. IBM has been researching graphene based-transistors, but do not currently view it as an accept-able replacement for silicon.

TRANSISTORS

Table 6: Nanomaterials in transistors and target market size


• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene• Nanowires• Carbon nanofibers• Quantum dots.

Market estimates • Global data storage market 2010: $110 billion (Observatory Nano)• Global hard disk drive industry 2013: $40 billion (Seagate)• Printed and thin film transistor circuits global market 2013: $3 billion (IdeTech)

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Photonics

Market driversNanophotonics is the study of the interaction of of light with nano-structured materials, and offers the ability to break through the dif-fraction limit of light, opening the door to novel optical technologies.. Research in this area has grown greatly in the past 15 years and it has been identified by the Euro-pean Commission as a key enabling technology for the future. Photonics technologies have already revolu-tionized communictions and the next wave of nanotech-enabled technologies promises to have the same impact on imaging, sensing and computing. Nanophotonics offers an opportunity to reduce the power and area of off- and on-stack interconnects while meeting future system bandwidth demands. Advances in silicon nanophoton-ics have made complete photonic on-stack communication networks a serious alternative to electrical networks.

NanomaterialsKey nanomaterials for nanophoton-ics are quantum dots and wires in Si, III-V and II-VI; plasmonic nano-structures; high-index-contrast Si and III-V nanostructures; organic nanostructures; carbon nanotubes; and graphene. Applications include plasmosmonic nanostructures for high density (light-assisted) mag-

netic storgage for increased storage density; nanoscale quantum optics; electrical interconnects; light-emitting diodes and photovoltaics where nanostructuring can be used to optimize the emission or absorp-tion of light; nanoscale imaging; solid-state lighting; medical imag-ing purposes; light-activated drug delivery; sensors; nanoscale tag-gants for anti-counterfeiting, food safety tags and medical diagnos-tics; nanoscale imaging involving probes, optical antennas or super-lens techniques to image beyond the diffraction limit; chemical and biological sensors; telecommunica-tions; and optical communications (switches and amplifiers). All these industries will witness significant growth in the coming years.

CompaniesCompanies investing in nano-photonics technologies include HP, Intel and IBM, with a focus on silicon and carbon-based nanopho-tonics. Hitachi, NTT and Samsung are developing next generation technologies involving plasmonic data storage, nanoscale integrated optics and colloidal quantum dot displays.Agilent The company is developing ultra-high-speed optical components and subsystems for nanophotonics devices. The company has estab-lished a chip-scale micro- and nano-photonic- systems testing facility with University of California, San Diego (UCSD). www.agilent.com

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Hewlett-Packard (HP)HP is developing a raft of nano-photonics devices and products. Chiefly, they are developing nano photonic interconnects to over-come the bottlenecks with exist-ing technology. To investigate the potential benefits of nanophotonics on computer systems they have developed an architectural design called Corona. Corona uses opti-cally connected memories (OCMs) that have been architected for low power and high bandwidth. www.hp.comIBMIBM has developed CMOS Inte-grated Silicon Nanophotonics (CISN) technology for on-chip integration of ultra-compact nanophotonic circuits for manipulating the light signals. Nanoscale silicon photon-ics circuits are being developed to enable the integration of complete optical systems on a monolithic semiconductor chip that would eventually allow to overcome severe constraints of today’s mostly copper I/O interconnects. The technology enables a variety of silicon nanophotonics components, such as: modulators, germanium

photodetectors and ultra-compact wavelength-division multiplexers to be integrated with high-perfor-mance analog and digital CMOS circuitry. www.ibm.comIntel The company has developed the world’s first silicon photonics data link with integrated lasers (utilizing hybrid silicon lasers)-The 50Gbps Silicon Photonics Link. Intel regard their technlogy as superior to IBM’s CMOS nanophotonics innovation. The Hybrid Silicon Laser was devel-oped with the University of Cali-fornia at Santa Barbara. Instead of metal or copper wires, it uses lasers to send light rays across optical fibers, transporting data between two silicon chips at extremely high speeds, across sizeable distances and with relative immunity to noise. www.intel.comKotura, Inc.The company’s photonic product line includes high-speed, single-channel variable optical attenuators (VOAs), high-speed VOA arrays and wavelength-division multiplexers for 40- and 100-Gb/s data center applications to support the inter-connect fabric for next generation

data centers and high performance computers (HPC). The company’s photonic chips are based on its mi-cron-scale manufacturing platform currently in mass production and deployed in live networks world-wide. Kotura is approaching one million channels per year currently in production. www.kotura.comLuxteraThe company has developed CMOS integrated nanophotonics circuits. Silicon-based nanophotonic ICs tremendously increase the integra-tion scale, and the functionality per chip, compared with their coun-terparts in other material systems (glass, III-V semiconductor, etc.). Luxtera has developed multichan-nel transceivers, in the process set-ting up a complete tool chain from CMOS-compatible design libraries all the way to packaging and test-ing. They integrate photonic circuits with electronics for control, tuning and drivers, and run the processing through a fab from Freescale. www.luxtera.comSamsung The company has developed nanoparticle-polymer composites for photonic devices. The company’s

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Active Matrix OLEDs (AMOLEDs) are based on metal oxide nanoparticles and nanowire transistors and used in smartphones. Their development is also being expanded for use in larger displays and the company has R&D activities in quantum dots for photonics devices. www.sam-sung.com

Table 7: Nanomaterials in photonics and target market size


• Quantum dots and wires in Si, III-V and II-VI• Plasmonic nanostructures• High-index-contrast Si and III-V nanostructures• Organic nanostructures• Carbon nanotubes• Graphene.

Market estimates • Total Photonics market ~ € 300 bn • European Photonics market ~ € 60 bn • Estimated annual growth rate ~ 8‐10% • Estimated market size in 2015 ~ € 480 bn

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Touch Screens OLEDs Conductive ink

GrapheneGraphene has remarkable electronic properties, with an extraordinarily high charge carrier mobility and con-ductivity. It is an excellent conductor, and transports electrons tens of times faster than silicon. These properties make it an ideal candidate for next generation electronic applications. Near-term electronics applications for graphene are in radio-frequency iden-tification tags, low-resolution displays and backlights, sensors, electrical contacts, analog signal processing and electronics packaging. Initially applica-tions will be in low-end electronics, depending on the manufacturing cost. High-end electronics applications are also cost sensitive. MARKET POTENTIAL

Graphene is being developed as a potential replacement for the costly indium tin oxide (ITO) in touch screens. ITO is brittle, mak-ing it unsuitable for flexible touch screens. A network of graphene nanostructures provides an inex-pensive alternative, which is also flexible and stretchable. Samsung is the main technology developer in this area. A number of companies are planning on having graphene in touchscreens by the end of 2014.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Graphene shows potential in trans-parent conductive electrodes in OLEDs due to its controllable trans-parency, good electrical conductivi-ty and tunable work function. There has been extensive research on the use of graphene as transparent electrodes for the purposes of both replacing ITO and also developing flexible OLEDs. In particular, gra-phene have a molecular structure similar to that of organic electronic materials, and thus can form strong bonds with organic electronic materials.MARKET POTENTIAL

Most conductive inks on the market are made from expensive silver particles. They also have to be heat-treated after they’re applied, which means they can’t be printed on polymers and other heat-sensitive materials. Graphene ink requires no heat treatment and is more con-ductive than other carbon-based alternatives to silver inks. BASF is developing graphene inks for electronics applications along with Vorbeck Materials.

MARKET POTENTIAL

APPLICATIONS AND ESTI-MATED TIME TO MARKET

l Graphene RFID tags (Current)

l Conductive inks in displays (1 year)

l Transparent conductive layers for OPV, OLED and displays (6-7 years)

l Carbon Semiconductors (8 years plus)

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The development of future flexible and transparent electronics relies on novel materials, which are mechan-ically flexible, lightweight and low-cost, in addition to being electrically conductive and optically transparent. The demand for transparent conductors is expected to grow rapidly as electronic devices, such as touch screens, displays, solid state lighting and photovoltaics become ubiquitous.

TRANSPARENT CONDUCTORSCurrent global market size: Transparent electrode mar-ket $15 billion plus.Developmental stage: On market in 2014.

Graphene is being developed as a potential replace-ment for indium tin oxide (ITO) in touchscreens, which is the dominant transparent conductor in the electron-ics market. ITO is expensive, there are difficulties in the fabrication steps and it is becoming increasingly scarce as global indium supply dwindles. ITO is also me-chanically rigid, making it unsuitable for future flexible electronics applications. As a result, non-ITO transpar-ent conductors such as graphene are coming increas-ingly to the fore. Applications for transparent conduc-tors include touch sensors, displays, lighting, thin-film solar (PV), smart windows, and EMI shielding. There are around 200 companies and research institutions currently developing ITO alternatives such as metal meshes, silver nanowires, conductive polymers, carbon

nanotubes, other 2-D materials and GaN. However, graphene is at the forefront of this growing market. A network of graphene nanostructures provides an inexpensive alternative to ITO, and is also flexible and stretchable. Graphene oxide films can be deposited on virtually any substrate, and later converted into a conductor. Therefore it is expected that transparent graphene films may replace rigid and brittle ITO films in touch panel screen electrodes.

Developments in 2013/2014MarchResearchers from EPFL design a new flash memory cell prototype that is made from graphene and Molybdenite (MoS2). The new design is efficient, flexible, small and fast. The concept is that the unique electronic proper-ties of MoS2 are combined with graphene’s excellent conductivity. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn3059136MayKorean researchers develop a new blue nitride LED that uses 3D graphene foam as a transparent conductor for the p-contact. They claim that the graphene foam reduced the forward voltage by 26% and increased the light output by 14%. http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.4802798MayResearchers from Korea’s Sungkyunkwan University develop a highly flexible and transparent memory

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device using graphene electrodes (both and anode and the cathode). This is the first time graphene is used for the bottom electrode in such a device, and this was achieved by using a chemical union of the bottom electrode with the molecular film of organic molecules (which is placed between the two electrodes). http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v4/n5/full/ncom-ms2937.htmlJuneCambridge University’s Graphene Centre and Plastic Logic sign a research collaboration agreement on gra-phene in flexible plastic electronics. JunePowerbooster Technology develop a graphene-based flexible touch-panels for mobile devices. The company says that graphene is cheaper and stronger than ITO (traditionally used for touch panels). The company plans to invest $150 million in the next three years in order to bring their solutions to the market. Powerbooster is partnering with Bluestone Global Tech to supply them with graphene.NovemberGraphene platform, Cambridge Graphene Platform (CGP) and Nissha Printing will co-develop new elec-tronic devices based on CGP s graphene ink technology. This alliance is expected to last three years. Nissha will contribute its own printing technology to help develop CGP’s inks. The company hopes to apply those new inks in the field of printed electronics. CGP and Graphene Platform will develop the inks themselves (graphene inks and other nanomaterials too) and will provide advice and consulting to Nissha.January 2014The Graphene Research Centre (GRC) at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and BASF announce a new partnership to develop the use of graphene in organic electronics devices - such as OLED devices. The goal of this collaboration is to interface graphene films

with organic electronic materials, with an aim to create more efficient and flexible lighting devices.

OPTICAL SWITCHESCurrent global market size: $7 billion.Developmental stage: Applied research.

Research has demonstrated that the response rate of an optical switch using graphene is around 100 fem-toseconds. This is approximately hundred times faster than the few picoseconds measured in current optical switches.

Developments in 2013MayNorthwestern University researchers develop a gra-phene-based ink that is highly conductive and tolerant to bending, using it to inkjet-print graphene patterns that could be used for electrodes. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jz400644cJulyResearchers from the Universities of Bath and Exeter develop and demonstrate an optical switch made from graphene. http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v110/i21/e217406

CONDUCTIVE INKSCurrent global market size: $3 billion.Developmental stage: Product.

The printed electronics sector is fast growing with ap-plications in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for tracking inventory, photovoltaics, sensors, vehicles, smart packaging for anti-theft and anti-tampering purposes, smart cards, printed batteries, electrochemi-cal sensors, flexible displays and lighting and touch screens. Nanomaterials utilized in this market include graphene, carbon nanotubes, and silver and copper

Table 8: Properties of materials for transparent conducting film (Y. Lee & J.-H Ahn)

Thickness (nm)

Sheet resistance (Ω/sq)

Failure strain (%) Cost

ITO 100~200 >90 10~25 1.4 120 $/m2

PEDOT: PSS

15~33 80~88 65~176 3~5 2.3 $/ml

Silver ~160 92 100 ~1.2 40 $/m2

CNT 7 90 500 ~11 35 $/m2

0.34 90 ~35 ~7 45 $/m2

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nanostructure (nanoparticle and nanowire) inks. Gra-phene conductive inks are expected to provide superior mechanical robustness, flexibility and enhanced inter-facial adhesion to improve lifetime and performance of printed electronics, while providing significant cost advantage over silver-based inks currently widely used in printed electronics industry.Vor-ink™, a graphene-based conductive ink whose first iteration became commercially available in 2009, is be-ing developed by Vorbeck Materials to not only displace silver and carbon inks in the $3 billion conductive ink market, but create new markets, such as those in smart packaging and wearable electronics. Formulations with resistivity values down to 1 ohm/sq/mil – orders of magnitude lower than traditional carbon inks – have been developed and are commercially available. Although not as conductive as silver inks, low tempera-ture curing, environmental stability (it is not a metal, so it does not corrode like one), flexibility, and a much lower price tag grant major incentives to this product. Currently Vorbeck Materials has capacity to produce ~50 tons of ink per year with expansion planned. Through a partnership with MeadWestvaco inks have been used in antitheft packaging, and a large rollout at major retailers is currently underway. Vorbeck Materi-als is also working with major apparel manufacturers to bring smart clothing, utilizing a line of graphene-enabled wearable electronics, to mass market in 2014. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding represents another major opportunity for graphene containing conductive inks. Haydale are also producing graphene inks with a sheet resistivity of under 10 ohms/sq and a low cur-ing temperature. The inks were specifically formulated for screen-printing applications but can be adapted to flexographic and gravure printing techniques. While they are not as conductive as silver, they are cheaper and the price is less volatile. It does not oxidize like cop-per and it will not crack when subject to bending like most metal based inks. The inks therefore lend them-selves to flexible printed electronics and with a high surface area can be used in chemical sensor electrodes and give equivalent or improved performance over the industry standard electrode ink. Other producers tar-getting the conductive inks market include XG Sciences, Cambridge Graphene Platform and Innophene.

Developments in 2013JuneHaydale announces that with its development partner, Gwent Electronic Materials (“GEM”), it has developed graphene based inks with properties that now quickly enable its customers to use graphene in a wide range of applications.

HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITSCurrent global market size: $300 billion plusDevelopmental stage: Applied research.

The increasing market demand for smaller and faster electronics has so far been meet by reducing transistor sizes. However, the trend will soon reach its physical limits. One solution is to incorporate new material such as graphene with silicon-based electronics. Graphene has a vanishing band-gap for semiconduc-tor application. As a result, it is not suitable for logic applications, because devices cannot be switched off. Therefore, graphene must be modified to produce a band-gap, if it is to be used in electronic devices.Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are one-dimensional nanostructures that display a variety of electronic behaviours. Depending on their structure, GNRs real-ize metallic and semiconducting electronic structures with band gaps that can be tuned across broad ranges. Certain GNRs also exhibit a peculiar gapped magnetic phase for which the half-metallic state can be induced as well as the topologically nontrivial quantum spin Hall electronic phase. Because their electronic properties are highly tunable, GNRs could prove important in electron-ics applications.

Developments in 2013JuneResearchers from the University of Copenhagen and the Chinese Academy of Sciences develop a transparent transistor made from just one molecular monolayer gra-phene. The graphene was used as transparent top-con-tacts in this design. The new “molecular computer chip” is built from three layers: gold, molecular components and graphene. The molecular transistor is switched on and of using a light impulse. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201300607/abstractJuneMIT researchers develop a new system, based on fer-

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roelectric materials and graphene, that uses plasmons wave control to interconnect between electronic devices and light wave devices (such as fiber optics and photonic chips). Current such interconnectors are rela-tively slow and are often a bottleneck in those systems. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4807762JulyResearchers from Singapore’s A*STAR Institute develop a new graphene ribbons (GNRs) based magnetic field-effect transistor (it responds to changes in a magnetic field). The basic idea is to use two armchair-edged GNRs joined end to end. One of the ribbons acts as a metallic conductor while the other one (which is wider) acts as a semiconductor. The existence of a magnetic field makes this device conductive. http://apl.aip.org/resource/1/applab/v101/i18/p183111_s1AugustResearchers from the University of Texas develop high performance (25-Ghz) printed graphene field-effect-transistors (G-FETs) on flexible plastic substrates. They say these are the world’s fastest such transistors to date. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn403487yAugustResearchers from Korea’s Advanced Institute of Science and Dankook University develop a new fabrication process for foldable graphene circuits based on paper substrates. The new method uses a transfer printing process to prevent direct contact of the solvent and pa-per and to easily control the thickness of the deposited graphene. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201302063/abstractOctoberResearchers in electrical and computer engineer-ing at UC Santa Barbara model an integrated circuit design scheme in which transistors and intercon-nects are monolithically patterned seamlessly on a sheet of graphene, a 2-dimensional plane of carbon atoms. The demonstration offers possibilities for ultra energy-efficient, flexible, and transparent elec-tronics. http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/103/8/10.1063/1.4818462DecemberResearchers at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) in Korea develop a method for mass production of graphene-based field-effect transistors (FETs). The design creates boron/nitrogen co-doped graphene nanoplatelets (BCN-graphene) via a simple solvothermal reaction of BBr3/CCl4/N2 in the presence of potassium. Various methods of making graphene-based FETs have been exploited, including

doping graphene, tailoring graphene like a nanorib-bon, and using boron nitride as a support. Among the methods of controlling the bandgap of graphene, doping methods show the most promise in terms of industrial-scale feasibility. The challenge still remains in fine-tuning a band-gap to improve the on/off current ratio for real device applications

MEMORY DEVICESCurrent global market size: $75 billion plusDevelopmental stage: Applied research.

Charge-based memory devices such as dynamic ran-dom access memory and flash memory, while omni-present today, face severe technological and physical limitations as device dimensions shrink. As an alterna-tive, resistive random access memory relying upon a switching mechanism based on change in resistance has attracted much attention as a promising next gen-eration nonvolatile memory owing to its simple struc-ture, facile processing, high density and fast switching capabilities.Under development are various graphene–based nonvolatile resistive memory elements. As a gapless semiconductor, charge carriers in graphene can be tuned continuously from electrons to holes, crossing the charge neutral point using an external electric field. Graphene intrinsically has a high resistance state at the neutrality point and a low resistance state when heavily doped, so has excellent potential for use as a resistive memory.

Developments in 2013MayResearchers from Korea’s Sungkyunkwan University develop a highly flexible and transparent memory device using graphene electrodes (both and anode and the cathode). This is the first time graphene is used for the bottom electrode in such a device, and this was achieved by using a chemical union of the bottom electrode with the molecular film of organic molecules (which is placed between the two electrodes). http://www.nature.com/ncomms/journal/v4/n5/full/ncom-ms2937.htmlMayResearchers from Spain succeed in giving graphene magnetic properties - creating a hybrid graphene surface that behaves like a magnet. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2610June

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Researchers from the Politecnico di Milano and the Uni-versity of Illinois develop a Gigahertz graphene ring os-cillator (1.28 GHz). They say that this oscillator appears to be less sensitive to fluctuations in the supply voltage compared to both conventional silicon CMOS and oscil-lators made from CNTs. And the best carbon nanotube ring oscillator made to date operates at just 50 MHz. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/nn401933vJuneResearchers from the University of Manchester create elementary magnetic moments in graphene and then switch them on and off. This is the first time magnetism itself has been toggled, rather than the magnetization direction being reversed. July Researchers from Japan’s Advanced Science Research Center, the Atomic Energy Agency and the National Institute for Materials Science develop a way to detect the electronic spin state of graphene contacted to a magnetic metal, using a spin-polarized metastable helium beam. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.car-bon.2013.04.077OctoberThe National University of Singapore and Fuji Electric (Malaysia) launch a new research project to develop graphene-based magnetic hard disk media. This project will explore how graphene may be used to provide a protective layer to HDD media. This will enable the magnetic heads to approach closer to the hard disks which will in turn enable higher densities. The Graphene Research Center at NUS will integrate the graphene unto conventional magnetic media, and then Fuji Electric will conduct necessary assessments to en-sure the new product is suitable for commercialization, including corrosion, durability and capacity tests. NUS is the sole proprietor of this new technology.December Researchers from the US, Singapore, Brazil and Ireland theoretically demonstrate that if you fold a graphene sheet in a fin-like structure and expose it to a magnetic field you open up a bandgap. This will also produce spin-polarized current, which should make it useful in Spintronics applications. http://phys.org/news/2013-07-elucidation-state-electrons-graphene.html#inlRlv

PRODUCT DEVELOPERSSamsung is the main technology developer in graphene transparent conductors and there are a number of producers, application developers and OEMS working in the area. Chinese company Chongqing Morsh Technol-

ogy is building a production facility in Chongqing that they claim will be used to produce 15” single-layer graphene films. They are planning start production by March 2014, and they have already signed an commer-cial agreement with Guangdong Zhengyang, an OGS maker to produce 10 million graphene based transpar-ent conducting films (TCFs) in a year for the next five years, for application in touchscreens. Vorbeck Materials (http://vorbeck.com) and BASF (www.basf.com) are developing dispersions of highly conduc-tive graphene for producing electrically conductive coating and compounds especially for the electron-ics industry. Other companies active in this sphere include Graphene Frontiers (www.graphenefrontier.com), Graphenea (www.graphenea.com)and Graphene Devices (www.graphenedev.com). Graphene Frontiers is developing methods to produce large area graphene on an industrial scale. According to Graphene Frontiers, they have solved the problems of scale: CVD Graphene films can now be mass-produced and transferred to nearly any substrate. The company claim their patent pending method for low cost production and etch-free transfer of graphene films will disrupt multi-billion dollar markets including sensors, energy storage, and flexible electronics. The company’s GF-3012 product is transparent conductive film loaded on transparent glass slides for ITO replace-ment. Most graphene producers are aiming for the electronics industry as the key market. UK-based graphene producer Haydale (www.haydale.com)is producing conductive inks in collaboration with Gwent Electronic Materials for application in flexible electronics. Bluestone Global Tech (http://bluestonegt.com) is producing Grat-FilmTM for application in touch panels and LEDs. Chinese company Powerbooster Technology is utilizing the film in graphene-based flexible touch-panels for mobile devices. The company has stated that it plans to invest $150 million over three years to incorporate graphene into mobile devices.Graphene Laboratories, Inc., sells graphene conductive films via the Graphene Supermarket (www.graphene-supermarket.com). Sony is also at the forefront of production. In 2013 it announced fabrication of high-quality 100m long graphene transparent conductive film with a sheet resistance as low as 150 Ω/sq.However, large scale production of low sheet resistance and high optical transparency graphene films that are electrically stable over time has yet to be fully estab-lished.The scalability, reproducibility and cost effectiveness of

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integrating them into practical devices is currently un-der development. Also, graphene ‘s success in transpar-ent conductors is also dependent on the development of competing alternative materials, such as thin metal films, metal nanowire films, conducting polymers and various other forms of hybrid films, as well as other 2D nanomaterials that are coming to prominence.

AMO GmbHAMO has experience with graphene devices in conjunc-tion with its experimental CMOS technology for nano-scale devices and novel materials, its advanced high resolution e-beam lithography (Leica EBPG5000) with direct write capabilities below 10 nm and its UV-Nano-imprint lithography for fast cycle nanoscale research. www.amo.deAvestaThe company has developed with A.M. Prokhorov Gen-eral Physics Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences graphene doped ER-fiber lasers. www.avesta.ruBASF Vorbeck and BASF are developing dispersions of highly conductive graphene for producing electrically conduc-tive coating and compounds especially for the electron-ics industry. www.basf.comCambridge Graphene PlatformUsing proprietary solution processing techniques, Cambridge Graphene Platform provide printable inks derived from graphene and other 2D layered materials.www.grapheneplatform.co.ukCarben Semicon Ltd.The company’s Ribtan product is a graphene-based material, which can be produced in any of three states: insulating, semiconducting and metallic. Low cost printing deposition and inexpensive processing make materials attractive as a conductor for interconnect and as a semiconductor in thin films for electronic applica-tions such as Home TV LCD and Integrated Circuits. www.carbensemicon.comChongqing Morsh Technology The company is building a production facility in Chongqing that will be used to produce 15” single-layer graphene films. They hope to start production by March 2014, and they already signed an agreement with Guangdong Zhengyang, an OGS maker to produce 10 million graphene based transparent conducting films (TCFs) in a year for the next five years. These films will be used to produce touch panels for mobile devices. www.morsh.cn

CrayoNanoThe company has developed a novel technique that enables growth of vertically aligned and self-catalyzed nanowires on graphite and graphene. The company es-timates that they could have the semiconductor hybrid materials on the market by 2017. http://crayonano.comFirmus SAM The company has been granted a patent for a novel electronics manufacturing method using graphene and other two-dimensional carbon crystals like graphene. www.firmus.netFujitsu LaboratoriesThe company is developing various applications of nano-carbon materials-such as carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, CNT interconnects, and CNT-graphene com-posites-for semiconductor electronics. http://jp.fujitsu.com/group/labs/enIBMIBM has been researching graphene based-transistors, but do not currently view it as an acceptable replace-ment for silicon. IBM has demonstrated a 155GHz graphene transistor. They have created 100-gigahertz graphene radio frequency transistors for DARPA under its Carbon Electronics for RF Applications (CERA) program. The gate length of IBM’s graphene transistor was 240 nm. By optimizing its fabrication processes to increase mobility and reduce defects, IBM plans to increase the speed of its graphene transistors up to the CERA program goal of 1 terahertz. www.ibm.comInnophene Co. Innophene is a Thailand-based developer of graphene printed electronics products. The main product is PHENE conductive ink, based on oxygen-free graphene. The ink is said to be produced with a green technology that does not leave behind chemical waste. Innophene has established the Printed Electronics Application Research Center at the Thailand Science Park, offering custom solutions that can be developed by its research and engineering teams. It is the first Printed Electronics research center in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). http://innophene.com/index.phpIntel CorporationThe company is developing epitaxial graphene films for interference devices. www.intel.comGraphensic ABThe company are producing high-quality films of gra-phene on sic substrates with a unique manufacturing method involving high-temperature processing.Graphene-on-SiC can be used in the creation of a

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monolithic transistors for combining an on/ off ratio or more than 104 with the absence of damping at mega-hertz frequencies. Fabrication, in its most simple form, requires just a single lithography step to build transis-tors, diodes, resistors and eventually integrated circuits, without the need of metallic interconnects. One hurdle to the realization of such circuits is the lack of a band-gap for graphene. However, this can be addressed by turning to ribbons of graphene, which have a bandgap of 0.5 eV and can be produced by making forced topo-graphical changes on SiC. http://graphensic.comGraphene Devices Ltd. Projects under development include: Conductive coat-ings on solar cells and display technologies; graphene added to acrylics used in the windshields and win-dows of fighter planes. The graphene additive could strengthen the acrylics and shield against electromag-netic interference; nano-magnesium-graphene alloy for use as strong, lightweight structural materials and armor; graphene coatings for medical devices. www.graphenedev.comGraphene Industries Ltd.The company produces graphene flakes with a thick-ness of <1nm to nm. The method these use is graphite to graphene via organic solvent and ultrasound agita-tion. Electronics and optics applications. Examples include: high frequency transistors, photodiodes, transparent conductive coatings for touch screens and displays. http://grapheneindustries.comGraphenea NanomaterialsMain markets for the company’s graphene thin films are renewable energy, energy storage, electronics and optoelectronics (displays). www.graphenea.comHRL Laboratories, LLCThe company is developing graphene field-effect tran-sistors (FETs) using epitaxial graphene film operating in the radio frequency (RF) range. The goal is to develop a new generation of carbon-based radio-frequency integrated circuits for ultra-high-speed, ultra-low-power applications. www.hrl.comTexas Instruments, Inc.The company is developing large-area monolayer gra-phene nanoplatelets for electronics applications. www.ti.com

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Data storage Coatings Conductive ink

NanoparticlesDue to their superior magnetic, electrical and mechanical properties, nanoparticles are used in a broad range of electronics applications. Nanoparticles are used anti-static, infrared absorbant, and transparently conductive additives in electronics packaging. Applications of nanopar-ticle coatings include transparent electrodes for touch screens, liquid crystal displays, e-paper and OLED devices, and thin film photovoltaics. Magnetic nanoparticles are utilized in data storage and memory applications and nanoparticle silver conductive inks is a significant market .

MARKET POTENTIAL

The capability of storing multi-bit information is one of the most important challenges in memory technologies. Nanomaterials are uti-lized due to their huge surface area and magnetic properties. Magnetic nanoparticles possess magnetic properties arising from the un-paired electrons in their d-orbitals and their coupling effect with their nuclear spins. Iron platinum and cobalt platinum nanoparticles are the most commonly used at present in magnetic storage devices.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Applications of nanoparticles in the smartphone market include anti-scratch and waterproof coatings (silicon oxide nanoparticles typical-ly), transparent electrodes for touch screens and conductive films for LCDs. Hydrophobic and oleophobic repellency treatments are already integrated across a range of smart phones.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Nanoparticle silver conductive ink is used for for transparent, highly conductive coatings in printed electronics applications such as smart packaging and RFID. Other applications include displays, EMI shielding and Bluetooth antennaes. Copper nanoparticles also show huge potential for replacing nano silver inks (which are considerably more expensive).

MARKET POTENTIAL


l Anti-static additive (Current)

l Conductive additives (Current)

l Magnetic storage nanoparticles (Current)

l Conductive silver inks for printed electronics (Current)

l Waterproof coatings (Current)

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ApplicationsBy definition, nanomaterials must have a diameter of less than 100 nm. Nanomaterials are commonly used for the following applications:• Coatings • Ceramics• Catalysts • Conductive particles• Polymers• Protective application/self-cleaning • Cosmetics• Telecommunications, data storage and diagnostics due to strong magnetic properties• Personal care products (e.g. UV attenuation)• Thin Film Precursors• Conductive Thin Films• Printing Inks (adhesion promotion & coloring).Nanomaterials are being widely incorporated into stain and water repellant surfaces and textiles, high UV-resistant transparent sunscreens and cosmetic, auto-motive and sporting goods composites, anti-corrosion oil and gas pipeline coatings, protective concrete and wood surfaces, paints, cosmetics, consumer electronics, conductive coatings and pharmaceuticals.New construction composites and cement, industrial and environmental catalysts, electronics and optical de-vices are also driving increased production for nanoma-terials. The medical and life sciences sector is exploiting nanomaterials for drug delivery, contrast agents, tumor-

specific hyperthermia therapy, analytical assays, and real-time sensing. Additionally, certain nanomaterials such as silver and zinc oxide have antimicrobial activity and are increasingly being investigated against micro-bial pathogens with acquired resistance to traditional antibiotics.

ProducersNanomaterials prices differ significantly between pro-ducers. Most nanomaterials producers supply a limited range of industries; therefore, the required material properties guide processing costs and introduce a large range of possible prices for the same type of material. Most nanomaterials producers do not issue pricelists. Since the price of nanomaterials first depends on quan-tity and second on quality, consumers must first submit a price request detailing expected purchase volume and powder properties. Lead in time for ton production is generally 3-4 months. Demand for nanomaterials has been driven by electron-ics, energy, plastics, paints and pigments producers. Main clients for nanomaterials are: • Specialty chemical distributors• Existing powder manufacturers• Petrochemical companies• Coatings and paints companies• Pigment producers• Plastics and rubber producers• Nanomaterials application developers

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• Universities and government research bodies.

Aluminium oxide nanoparticlesIn the electronics sector, pure and doped aluminium nanopowders find application as abrasives in the chemical mechanical planarization of semiconductors and as additives in transparent electronic circuits.

Antimony tin oxide nanoparticlesAntimony tin oxide (ATO) is mainly used in electronics and optics applications. The incorporation of antimony tin oxide nanoparticles in coating systems, films or composites may help in reducing the buildup of static charge. ATO is an important component of display pan-els due to its antistatic, infrared absorbance, and trans-parent conductivity. Pure and doped nanoparticulate antimony tin oxide is used as a transparent conducting oxide due to its key properties of optical transparency and electrical conductivity. As a result it is used in op-toelectronic devices including solar cells and flat-panel displays. ATO products exhibit nano-particulate primary particle size and can be used for transparent electrically conductive coatings on a variety of substrates including glass and plastic. Additionally, these materials are ide-ally suited for the production of sputtering targets.

Cobalt oxide nanoparticlesNanoparticles of Co3O4 are promising materials for electronic devices, gas sensors, magnetic materials, electrochromic devices, electrochemical systems, and high-temperature solar selective absorbers. CoO also shows interesting properties and has applications as anodes of lithium-ion batteries.

Copper oxide nanoparticlesCopper oxide nanoparticles are a base for developing technologies such as metal injection molding as well as for electronics, ceramics and for thick/thin-film applica-tions. Additional applications include thin-film oxygen pressure sensors, as a binder in pastes for thick-film microelectronic circuits, as a p-type semiconductor and they exhibit luminescence. Copper nanoparticles have attracted interested because of its huge potential for replacing expensive nano silver inks utilized in conductive printing. A major problem in utilizing these copper nanoparticles is their inherent tendency to oxidize in ambient conditions. Recently, there have been several reports presenting various ap-proaches which demonstrate that copper nanoparticles can resist oxidation under ambient conditions, if they

are coated by a proper protective layer. This layer may consist of an organic polymer, alkene chains, amor-phous carbon or graphenes, or inorganic materials such as silica, or an inert metal. Such coated copper nanopar-ticles enable achieving high conductivities by direct printing of conductive patterns. These approaches open new possibilities in printed electronics, for example by using copper based inkjet inks to form various devices such as solar cells, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and electroluminescence devices.

Indium oxide nanoparticlesNanoscale indium powder combines anti-static, trans-parency, and scratch resistant properties for electronic packaging and flat panel displays.

Iron oxide nanoparticlesIron oxide nanoparticles have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic properties and their potential applications in many fields (although Cu, Co and Ni are also highly magnetic materials, they are toxic and easily oxidized). Applications of iron oxide nanoparticles include terabit magnetic storage devices, catalysis, sensors, and high-sensitivity biomolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for medical diagno-sis and therapeutics. These applications require coating of the nanoparticles by agents such as long-chain fatty acids, alkyl-substituted amines and diols.

Iron oxide nanoparticlesIron Platinum (FePt) Nanoparticles find application in magnetic storage media as they display excellent stabil-ity and magnetic properties.

Manganese oxide nanoparticlesManganese oxide nanopowders can be utilized for advanced materials in batteries, water treatment and imaging contract agents. Due to their variable oxidation states, manganese oxides have attracted substantial attention because of their superior magnetic, electrical and chemical properties, which promise great potential in superconductivity, catalysts, sensors, battery, corro-sion resistant and high temperature applications. In recent years, considerable research has been focused on nanostructured manganese oxides. It has been well documented that nanostructured manganese oxides possess unique magnetic, electronic and optical prop-erties, showing quite different behaviors compared to their counterparts in the bulk phase due to their aniso-tropic features in morphology, size and shape.

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For instance, studies on MnO nanoparticles and nanoro-ds have shown that these nanostructures exhibit fer-romagnetic behavior while bulk MnO is anti-ferromag-netic. Seo et al. reported the size dependent magnetic behavior of colloidal Mn3O4 and MnO nanoparticles, which can be used for sensor applications. Apart from magnetic properties, it has been reported that MnO nanocrystals have higher oxygen reduction activity compared to bulk MnO in alkaline aqueous solutions.

NanosilverNanosilver films are currently being commercialized for ITO replacement. Several other nanomaterials have been hailed as replacements for the ubiquitous ITO - including graphene, carbon nanotubes, or copper nanowires. However, silver nanoparticle inks have a distinct advantage over these materials - because of the nature of the nanoparticle mesh, they have much lower sheet resistances than other materials can attain, even over large areas. The use of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in conductive inks and their printing by inkjet technology has been known for years [1].Nanosilver is also a key material for printed electronics. Printed electronics use traditional, low-cost, sheet-based or roll-to-roll printing methods to replace expen-sive fabrication methods. When dispensed through high resolution printing methods nanoparticle inks enable production of finer feature electronic circuits than is possible by conventional manufacturing techniques.

Nickel oxide nanoparticlesNickel nanopowders have been extensively used in various technological applications such as catalysts, biomedical, rechargeable batteries and so on. Nickel oxide nanoparticles have been widely studied for many years because of their useful electronic and magnetic properties.

Silicon oxide nanoparticlesSilicon oxide nanopowders are applied across a raft of industries, as dielectric coatings, in solar cell ap-plications, high temperature insulators, gas sensors, coatings, plastics, polymers and wires. They have been used widely as fillers (reinforcing agents for produc-ing “green tires”), lubricants (tixopropic additions for liquids), additions (“free-flow” agents for toners), silica based catalysts (molecular sieves), etc. Further usage is

in photo print applications; nanoelectronics fabrication as mask substrate, as agteoxide in MOSFETs or as insula-tion coating in ICs. Silicon oxide is the most prominent base material for nanoscale aerogels. Electroluminescence (EL) at Si bandgap energy is sig-nificantly enhanced from the nanostructured metal ox-ide- semiconductor (MOS) devices on silicon. The nano-structure is constructed by inserting Si02 nanoparticles in the oxide layer. The measured EL efficiency of the nano-structured MOS devices is enhanced to be near iO, which exceeds the limitation imposed by the indirect bandgap nature of silicon.

Yttrium oxide nanoparticles Yttrium oxide nanopowders find application in coat-ings of superconducting cables, base material for high temperature superconductors.

Zinc oxide nanoparticlesZinc oxide nanopowders find application across a raft of industries where they are used for their antibacte-rial, antifungal, anti-corrosion, catalytic, and UV filter-ing properties. They are currently used as ingredient in sunscreens. Research for utilization in LEDs and blue LEDs in particular as well as in solar cells is currently in the applied stage. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are also suited to electronics applications such as capacitors, varistors, photoprinting and electrophotography due to extremely low levels of heavy metal impurities. PRODUCT DEVELOPERSAdvanced Nano ProductsThe company manufactures and supplies chemically processed nanocrystalline materials and their chemical precursors for coating and powder processing appli-cations. Its products include anti reflection coatings, indium tin oxide (ITO) sputtering target, thin film target, and nano silver ink. www.anapro.comAir Products and Chemicals, Inc.Air Products offers a series of ready-to-use nanopar-ticle dispersions of zinc oxide, indium tin oxide and antimony tin oxide tailored for the development of transparent, colorless coatings with fade-resistant, an-tistatic, conductive and heat-blocking properties. www.airproducts.com/nanoAmerican ElementsAmerican Elements is a manufacturer and supplier of rare earth and other advanced material products with

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distribution offices in Europe, Asia and South America. The company’s nanoscale cerium oxide nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, palladium nanoparticles, molybdenum nanoparticles, nickel nanoparticles and iridium nanoparticles have found use in catalysts for a whole host of chemical synthesis, chemical treatment and chemical cracking applications, including automotive catalytic converters. www.ameri-canelements.comAVANZARE Innovacion Tecnologica S.L.The company produces a wide range of nanoscale metal oxide powders including nanographene and zinc oxide nanoplatelets as well as hydrophobic self-clean-ing bactericides, fire retardants and conductive plastics. www.avanzare.esBaikowski ChimieBaikowski Chimie is a producer of ultrapure sub-micron alumina powders. They also manufacture alumina slur-ries, precision polishing, technical ceramics and addi-tives. www.baikowskichimie.comCabot CorpThe company produces conductive inks comprising nanosilver particles. www.cabot-corp.comCambrios TechnologyClearOhm™ silver nanowire coating material is used for conductive layers usings in electronics. www.cambrios.comCima NanotechThe company produces nano Silver based flexible trans-parent and conductive thin films. www.cimananotech.comCrocus Nano ElectronicsThe company is developing MRAM technology based on magnetic nanomaterials. www.crocusnano.com/en/DupontThe company produces conductive nanosilver pastes.www.dupont.comFerro Corporation Ferros Nano Silver 7000-95 offers cost-efficient perfor-mance and high-volume availability that can enable broader commercialization of advanced technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID), flexible displays, and printed, flexible circuits. www.amo.deGenes’InkThe company is developing active nanoparticle inks for printed electronics. www.genesink.comHakusui TechThe company produces zinc oxide nanoparticles. Zincox Super F is nanoparticle zinc oxide used as a photo cata-lyst, deodorant and anti-bacterial agent due to its high

BET. It is also used as a UV block agent utilizing its high transparency ratio and its ability to block ultra-violet A. They have also developed nanoparticle zinc oxide for use in electrically conductive applications, Electro-Con-ductive ZnO ( 23-K , Pazet ). www.hakusui.co.jp/e/Harima ChemicalThe company produces conductive nanosilver pastes for electronics applications. www.harima.co.jpHenkel ElectronicsThe company manufactures conductive ink pastes com-prising nanosilver particles. www.henkel.comInkTecThe company produces conductive nanosilver inks.www.inktec.comIntrinsiq Materials LtdThe company produces nano copper ink and pastes system designed for applications in printed electronics. http://intrinsiqmaterials.comKeeling & WalkerThe company produces ATO nanoparticles for trans-parent infrared-reflective and electrically conductive coatings on a variety of substrates including glass and plastic. www.keelingwalker.co.ukKemco InternationalProducer of nanocrystalline cerium oxide particles.www.kemcointernational.com/CeriumOxide.htmKishu Giken Kogyo Co., Ltd.The company produces conductive nanosilver inks.www.kishugiken.co.jpMarketech InternationalThe company produces electrically conductive carbon nanofoams. www.mkt-intl.comMethode ElectronicsThe company produces Nano-Silver and Nano-Carbon Inks. www.methode.comNanocsThe company is a producer of carbon nanotubes and gold and silver nanoparticles. Focus is on hydrocarbon polymers, nanophase carbon materials (carbon nano-tubes, nanodiamond, nanocomposites) process and related fabrication systems, field emission devices using carbon-based materials as emitters, hard coating/thin film (diamond-like carbon, nitrides, carbides and oxides thin films) applications. www.nanocs.comNanoeThe company produces ready-to-sinter alumina and zir-conia. They have developed ready-to-press granulates, slurries, and other solutions. www.nanoe.comNanoMas Technologies, Inc.Current products include NanoSilver™ and NanoGold™

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conductive inks. NanoMas also provide inorganic nanoparticle and polymer semiconductor inks, elec-troluminescent (EL or LED) inks for PE applications. www.nanomastech.comNanoMaterials Technology Pte LtdNanoMaterials Technology Pte Ltd (NMT) is a tech-nology-based company founded and incorporated in Singapore in 2000. NMT specializes in the development, manufacturing, commercialization, and licensing of nano-material products for various markets such as oil and gas, coatings, plastics, glass, electronic materials, pharmaceutical and specialty chemicals. www.nanom.comNanophase Technologies CorporationThe company is a leading producer of nanomaterials, especially zinc oxide. Other nanomaerials produced include aluminium oxide, antimony tin oxide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide and tin oxide. The Company’s prod-ucts are used in the sunscreens, architectural coatings, industrial coating ingredients, abrasion-resistant addi-tives, plastics additives, medical diagnostics, architec-tural window cleaning and restoration, and a variety of polishing applications, including semiconductors and optics industries. www.nanophase.comNanopyxisThe company produces silver nanowires. www.nano-pyxis.comNisshin Engineering, Inc.Nisshin Engineering has developed a fine particle pro-cessing technology using high frequency heat plasma. The company creates nano size particles of carbides and nitrides for application in catalysts and magnetic recording materials. www.nisshineng.co.jpSACHEMSACHEM delivers chemical solutions for markets such as markets such as electronics, biotechnology, starch modification, polymers, catalysts, pharmaceutical and agricultural chemicals. Its growing family of Avanta AC products helps customers make the high quality metal oxide nanopowders required for demanding applica-tions. http://sacheminc.com/products/avanta/avanta-ac/Seashell TechnologiesThe company provides silver nanowires and other nano-materials for the electronics, biotechnology and other industries. www.seashelltech.comSigma-AldrichThe company is a leading producer of nanoparticles. They produce a wide range of silver nanowires and nanoparticles. www.sigmaaldrich.com

Sukyung ATThe company is a producer of conductive silver nanoparticles. www.sukgyung.comSun Chemical GroupThe company is developing Ink jettable nano silver inks. www.sunchemical.comUT DotsThe company specializes in manufacturing high quality silver and gold nanoinks, commonly used for the pro-duction of RFID, displays, solar cells, thin film transistors and in many other areas of printable electronics. www.utdots.comYantai Jialong Nano Industry Co., Ltd.The company produces Nano ATO (antimony-doped tin oxide) waterborne coatings; and Transparent high con-ductivity nano ITO (indium tin oxide) coatings. www.nanoindustry.com.cn

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Displays Inks Transistors

NanotubesCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely investigated and utilized in electron-ics applications. Display applications include large area CNT flat screen color field emission displays, large area surface conduction color field emission displays, backlights for dis-plays and PETS for medium resolu-tion large area electronic billboards. Non-display applications include traveling wave tubes, non-radioac-tive sources, conductive additives for non-display applications, smart textiles, photovoltaics, transistors. neutron and gamma-ray sources and lighting devices. They are also employed in data storage.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Due to their excellent optoelectrical performance, processability, stabil-ity, and high conductivity, CNT-based transparent electrode films have been put forward as a can-didate to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) currently used in touchscreens and displays. CNTs are deposited in thin films, leading to a conducting layer which can also be transparent. In relation to ITO they are more cost effective, have higher resistivity and greater flexibility.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Printable nanotube inks have already hit the market for micro-electronics and printed electron-ics applications. These inks can be deposited easily onto a variety of rigid and flexible substrates with standard coating techniques includ-ing spray-coating and Aerosol Jet printing. Inkjet printing of CNTs is a more recent method that shows promise.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) has been touted to replace silicon in high-performance elec-tronics due to their exceptional electrical properties and intrinsic ultra-thin body. In the past few years there has been a shif from proof-of-concept prototyping in academia to technology develop-ment in industry with emphasis on manufacturability and integration issues and a scalable approach to device and circuit integration..

MARKET POTENTIAL


l Transparent conductive films and field electron emission electrode coatings (Current)

l Color active matrix electrophoretic display (EPD) e-paper s (1-2 years)

l Heat dissipation additives in semiconductor chip packages (Current)

l Nanobuds in highly transparent, conductive and flexible films (4 years plus)

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PropertiesSingle-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) are made up of a single cylinder, approximately 1 nm in diameter. They exhibit important electric properties that are not shared by the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) variants, and as a result are of greater importance for next-gen-eration electronics applications, field-emission displays and nanosensors. They are also more pliable than MWNTs, yet more difficult to produce cost-effectively, limiting their use to niche/high-priced applications at present. In multi-walled nanotubes (MWNTs), cylinders are nested, with the total diameter ranging from 5 nm to 100 nm, while double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs) are MWNTs with just two layers. MWNT are easier to produce in high volume quantities than SWNT and are widely produced at present on an industrial scale. However, the structure of MWNT is less well understood because of its greater complexity and variety. Regions of structural imperfection may diminish its desirable material properties.In addition to being single- or multi-walled, CNTs can be long or short, have open or closed ends, and SWNTs can have different types of spiral structures or “chiralities,” all of which influence their electrical properties-whether they’re insulators, conductors, or semiconductors. Double-walled carbon nanotubes are coaxial nanostructures composed of exactly two single-walled carbon nanotubes, one nested in another. They

combine similar morphology and other properties of SWNT, while significantly improving their thermal and chemical stability. This property is especially important when functionality is required to add new properties to the nanotube. DWNT are a synthetic blend of both SWNT and MWNT, and they exhibit the electrical and thermal stability of the latter and the flexibility of the former. Research has shown that DWNT have better thermal and chemical stability than SWNT. Applications include gas sensors, dielectric materials, nanoelectronic devices, nanocomposites and emitters.Carbon Nanohorns (CNH) were first discovered in Japan in 1999 by Prof. Iijima and colleagues. Like Carbon Nanotubes they exhibit the same graphitic carbon structure. Single-walled nanohorns (SWNHs) are made of 2-20 nm wide and 25 to 150 nm long tubes which are closed at one end by a cone - the most appropriate shape comparison would be that of a nano-sized sew-ing thimble. The CNH aggregate to form agglomerates (secondary particles) of about 100 nm to some µm size. Possible applications include gas adsorption, capaci-tors, biosensing, drug delivery, gas storage and catalyst supports for fuel cells. In January 2013, NEC Corpora-tion announced the availability of carbon nanohorns, with a production capacity of 1KG of 95% pure carbon nanohorns per day.All types of CNTs possess unique mechanical properties. Their stiffness, strength and resilience exceed similar properties of any current material. For example, the

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Young’s modulus of CNTs is larger than 1.0 TPa, and the tensile strength varies between 200 and 500 GPa. As a result, CNTs offer a tremendous opportunity for the development of fundamental new material systems. Properties of carbon nanotubes that are desirable in electronics include:• High electrical conductivity• Very high tensile strength• Highly flexible- can be bent considerably without damage• Very elastic ~18% elongation to failure• High thermal conductivity• Low thermal expansion coefficient• Good electron field emitters• High aspect ratio (length = ~1000 x diameter).

ApplicationsIn the electronics sector, the electrical properties of carbon nanotubes lend themselves to many applica-tions including transistors, radio-frequency identifica-tion (RFID) tags, sensors, photonics, biological sensing labels, and more. Main applications of CNT in electron-ics are:• EMI shielding• Electronic textiles: Conductive and sensory textiles & fibers• Transparent conducting CNT-based coatings for lower cost and flexible displays and solar cells• Semiconducting materials in thin film transistors• Electronic circuits for lower power and higher speed enabling new device architectures• The thermal properties of carbon nanotubes are utilized for improved heat dissipation in semiconductor chip packages• Conductive inks• CNT pastes have been applied for highly efficient field emission.

ProductionProduction volumes for nanotubes have been scaled up considerably over the last few years and currently exceed several thousand tons per year. Companies such as CNano, Showa Denko and Bayer are producing hun-dreds of tons of nanotubes per year. Prices of MWNTs now range from $45-70/kg, depending on quality, with Chinese manufacturers offering MWNTs at lower prices. SWNTs are currently too expensive for widespread application but will make a large impact in electronics applications by 2020. Technology transfer of nanotubes from the lab to widespread industrial application has

been largely unfulfilled and not at a stage of develop-ment expected 5 years ago, due to the difficulty in material synthesis and laborious processing. Challenges in the technology and application development, as well as complexity along the value chain have meant that commercial application has not been as widespread as expected.Bulk CNT powders have been incorporated in diverse commercial products ranging from rechargeable bat-teries, automotive parts, and sporting goods to boat hulls and water filters. Advances in CNT synthesis, purification, and chemical modification are enabling integration of CNTs in thin-film electronics and large-area coatings. Although not yet providing compelling mechanical strength or electrical or thermal conductivi-ties for many applications, CNT yarns and sheets already have promising performance for applications including supercapacitors, actuators, and lightweight electromag-netic shields.

MarketsMain end user markets at present for nanotubes are composites for sporting goods, conductive additives for lithium-ion batteries, fuel system components, AFM tips and plastics additives. Nanotube additives in lithium-ion battery electrodes were one of the first nanotube applications marketed by Showa Denko, which has a capacity of 500 tons/year. Product development thus far has generally been as a result of collaboration between large multi-national companies and small application developers and innovative producers.Main markets companies supply nanotubes to include:• Academia and university laboratories• Plastics and electronics manufacturers• Materials and Battery companies, catalyst and auto-mobile manufacturers• Sensors developers• Field emission companies• Polymer composites and additive producers• Aerospace.Over the next few years nanotubes will find wider application in conducting films, supercapacitor elec-trodes, field emission displays, displays, chemical and biosensors, hydrogen storage, adhesives and printing inks. An interesting development is the development of nanotube- graphene hybrid materials that could have important implications for composites and conductive additives. Long-term applications will be witnessed in power transmission, aerospace and potentially photo-voltaics and drug delivery.

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PRODUCT DEVELOPERSAlnair Labs CorporationProducts based on the technology developed in the field of optical communications (ultra-short pulse fiber mode-locked laser incorporated CNT, EO probe for sensing electrical field, devices for generating a high-frequency electrical pulses). www.alnair-labs.comAneeve Nanotechnologies LLCThe company is developing aligned carbon nanotubes on insulator materials and silicon for high frequency, low noise and highly linear device applications. The company’s technologies are being applied to printable electronics and carbon nanoelectronics. www.aneeve.comApplied Nanotech, Inc.Applied Nanotech, Inc. has developed a carbon nano-tube (CNT) electron emission lamp suitable for use as a backlight for large area LCD TVs, industrial or medi-cal lighting applications. ANI has developed electron and ion sources for industrial and medical sensing and monitoring. Other applications have been on large area display applications (CNT Field Emission Displays, CNT-FEDs). www.appliednanotech.netBuckeye CompositesThe company’s carbon nanomembrane, or “buckypaper,” is a thin, paper-like membrane of carbon nanotubes, nanofiber, nanoplatelets and/or other carbon nanoma-terial. Buckypaper can be comprised of 100% carbon nanomaterial or can be pre-impregnated or “pre-pregged” with resin. www.buckeyecomposites.comC3Nano Inc.The company is a spin-out from Stanford University who are developing a carbon nanotube based electrode for touch-screen electronic devices. www.c3nano.comCanatu OyCanatu Oy produces carbon nanotubes and a novel NanoBud™ nanomaterial. Carbon NanoBuds™. Carbon NanoBuds™ are utilized as electron field emitters. www.canatu.comCatalytic Materials LLCThe company produces high purity multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibers for the electrically conductive/antistatic polymer market. www.catalytic-materials.comDupont Microcircuit Materials Developing nanotubes for flexible displays. www2.dupont.comEnvironmental Energy Nanotech Research Institute CO., Ltd. (EEnanoTech)

The company produces carbon nanohorns in coopera-tion with TIE GmbH. EEnanoTech has developed an industrial production process for Carbon Nanohorns (CNH). www.eenanotech.co.jpEikos, Inc.The company is developing transparent, electrically conductive carbon nanotube films and nanotube inks for transparent conductive coatings. Eikos has branded its technology as Invisicon. Eikos is aiming to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) and conducting polymers with carbon nanotube transparent conductors in several common electronic devices, such as touch screens, LCDs, OLEDs, photovoltaics, electroluminescent lamps, electronic paper. www.eikos.comFujitsu LaboratoriesThe company is developing various applications of nano-carbon materials-such as carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, CNT interconnects, and CNT-graphene composites-for semiconductor electronics. The company has combined carbon nanotubes and grapheme to self-form a new nanoscale carbon com-posite, at the relatively low temperature of 510 degrees Celsius. http://jp.fujitsu.com/group/labs/enGS Nanotech Co., Ltd. Producing carbon-based anode materials for batteries. www.gsnanotech.co.krHanwha Nanotech Co., Ltd.The company has been producing carbon nanotubes since 2000, mainly for the electronics and displays mar-kets. www.hanwhananotech.co.krHonjo Chemical CorporationThe company manufactures electrode materials for the next generation flat display’s panel by using carbon nanotubes. The company has a nanotube and fullerene mass-production plant in Japan at Neyagawa Factory under a cooperation agreement with Mitsubishi Corp., Fullerene International Corp. (FIC) and MER Corp. www.honjo-chem.co.jpHyperion Catalysis International, Inc.FIBRIL nanotubes are used to make statically dissipa-tive plastic compounds that are fabricated into devices designed for use in environments where particulate and chemical cleanliness is critical. Applications include test sockets for ICs, silicon wafer handling and computer disk drives. http://hyperioncatalysis.comLinde GasThe company’s scalable reductive dissolution technol-ogy uses liquid ammonia to produce solubilised carbon nanotubes in the form of inks, which can then be

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deposited as films. The negative charge on the SWNTs within the ink allows for further functionalisation, extending the field of potential applications to compos-ites, sensors and biology. www.linde-gas.comNanocomp Technologies, Inc.The company was formed in 2004 as a spin-out of Syn-ergy Innovations, Inc. The company is a developer of energy saving performance materials and component products from CNTs. www.nanocomptech.comNanocyl Nanocyl®-7000 series in applications requiring low elec-trical percolation threshold such as high-performance electrostatic dissipative plastics or coatings. www.nanocyl.comNanomaterials Discovery CorporationNanomaterials Discovery Corporation (NDC) develops nanostructured materials, including carbon nanotubes, using high-throughput combinatorial electrochemical methods. Their technology and intellectual property is focused on the discovery and refinement of fuel cell catalysts, rechargeable battery electrodes, flat panel display phosphors, and other inorganic and organic nanostructured materials. www.nanomaterialsdiscov-ery.comNanteroNantero is developing NRAM™, a high-density non-volatile random access memory chip. The proprietary NRAM™ design uses carbon nanotubes as the active memory elements. www.nantero.comNoritake Co., LimitedThe company is developing carbon nanotubes as field emitters for high-voltage field emission displays. www.noritake-itron.jpSamsung ElectronicsThe company is developing carbon nanotube-based color active matrix electrophoretic display (EPD) e-paper based on Unidym’s nanomaterials. www.sam-sung.comSouthWest NanotechnologiesThe company are seeking to commercialize printed TFTs using semiconducting inks, based on its single-wall car-bon nanotube (SWCNT) technology. www.swentnano.comTECO Nanotech Co., LtdThe company is focusing on the development of carbon nanotube field emission displays. XinNano Materials, Inc. is a joint venture of TECO Nanotech Co., Ltd. and Xintek, Inc. XinNano Materials, Inc. is market leader in producing high quality field emission grade carbon

nanotubes (FECNTs) and components for commercial applications such as flat panel displays and X-ray. wwwe.teconano.com.twTOP NanosysProduce SWNT transparent conductive films. www.topnanosys.comUnidym, Inc. The company produces high-purity, electronics-grade carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for its current applications us-ing an in-house, fully-scalable, and proprietary chemical vapor deposition (CVD) production process. www.unidym.comXinNano Materials, Inc.The company has developed carbon nanotube ink that can be easily applied to substrates to produce transpar-ent conducting film (TCF) and anti-static film used for touch panel, flexible display and EMI shielding applica-tions. The company also produces Field Emission Grade Carbon Nanotubes. www.xinnanomaterials.comXintekThe Company develops and manufactures nanomate-rial-based field emission technologies and products for a broad range of applications including diagnostic medical imaging, homeland security, and information display. www.xintek.com

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Packaging Nanopaper Electrodes

NanofibersOrganic electrospun polymer nanofi-bers have attracted industry interest for electronic and photonic applica-tions, including organic light-emitting diodes, organic photovoltaics, organic field-effect transistors, lasers, and waveguides. Carbon nanofibers are also widely investigated for elec-tronics applications, in silicon wafer production, disk drive components and thermal management. Cellulose nanofibers are candidates for flexible electronics. High-performance trans-parent electrodes with copper nano-fiber networks using low-cost and scalable electrospinning processes are also under development.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Thermal management of electronic packages is of increasing impor-tance. Nanofibers show promise in electronic packaging due to their high thermal conductivity that is at-tributed to the restructuring of the polymer chains by stretching, which improves the fibre quality toward an ‘ideal’ single crystalline fibre. These thermally conductive poly-mers are potentially useful as heat spreaders and could supplement conventional metallic heat-transfer materials in electronic packaging.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Transparent films made from cel-lulose nanofibers have low ther-mal expansion and show po-tential as substrates for flexible electronics and optoelectronics. Devices based on transparent nanocellulose paper and printing technique have been demonstrated. The “nanopaper” displays excellent optical transmittance and mechani-cal strength.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Doped copper nanofiber networks (cobalt oxide and zinc oxide) are a promising candidate to replace indium tin oxide films in transpar-ent electrodes, along with gra-phene, CNTs and silver nanowires. Advantages are low cost, moderate flexibility, small sheet resistance, and high transmittance. These net-works display enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical stabil-ity for electrodes during repeated cyclings.

MARKET POTENTIAL


l ESD components (Current)

l EMI/RFI shielding (Current)

l Conductive thin films (1 year)

l Disk drive components (5 years plus)

l Thermal management in electronic packaging (4 years plus)

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Nanofibers

MarketsMain markets for polymer nanofibers are in air and water filtration, composites and textiles. Polymeric nanofibers account for the main bulk of the current revenues for nanofibers, finding application across a number of sectors. Alumina nanofibers are mainly used in filtration applications. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are beginning to find application across a raft of industries including electronics (heat management, EMI shielding, conductors), composites (polymers, resins, glass, ceram-

ics, plastics), energy (batteries, catalysts and fuel cells) and medicine and life sciences and carbon nanofibers represent the fastest growing market for nanofibers, especially in Li-Ion battery applications. Advantages of carbon nanofibers include: • High aspect ratio (l/d) – 100 – 1000 • Thermal conductivity up to 5 x copper • Electrical conductivity overlaps metals • Multi-functionality • Easier to disperse than CNTs

Table 9: Applications of nanofibers in electronics

Polymer nanofibers • Electromagnetic shielding materials and electromagnetic wave absorp-tion materials• Organic light-emitting diodes• Organic photovoltaics• Organic field-effect transistors• Lasers• Waveguides.

Carbon nanofibers • Multi-functional composites (EMI shielding, thermal conducting, strengthen, conducting, etc.) • Electrically conductive/antistatic polymers• Conductive Plastics: Electrostatic painting• Thermal Conductivity: Electronic packaging• Dielectric materials.

Cellulose nanofibers • Substrates for flexible electronics (optically transparent paper).

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• Higher chemical reactivity • Recyclability • Reduced linear thermal expansion – dimension stabil-ity • Available in high volumes at a competitive price. • High qualityPolymer nanofibers are utlized in optoelectronics appli-cations due to their mechanical, thermal, and conduc-tive properties, attributle to the particular packing and assembly of the polymer backbones at the nanoscale. Cellulose nanofibers are also beginning to make an impact in composites and electronics applications. Ultrastrength nanopaper with foldable, high strength, low-CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion), and optical-ly transparent properties are candidates for substrates for transparent conductive films, e-papers and solar cells.

Product developersANF DevelopmentANF is developing Alumina Nano Fibers (Nafen™) for ap-plication in structural and multifunctional composites, catalysts, filtration, electronics, energetics, medicine and biology, agriculture. www.nafen.eeApplied Sciences, Inc. The company is a producer of Pyrograf-III Carbon Fibers for application in electronics components. Pyrograf can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of composites. Applications include heat-spreaders for consumer electronics. www.apsci.comCatalytic Materials LLCThe company produces high purity multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite nanofibers for the electrically conductive/antistatic polymer market. www.catalytic-materials.comE.I. du Pont de Nemours and CompanyDuPont™ HMT nanofiber sheets contain continuous polymeric filaments with a typical diameter between 100 nanometers and one micron, for application in air and liquid filters, energy storage devices and other ap-plications. www.dupont.comMD Nanotech CorporationThe company is a spin-out from Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, producing Carbon nanofibers for batteries and conductive materials. www.mdnanotech.jpMecc, Co. Ltd.The company develops polymer nanofiber production equipment for application in electronics and displays. www.mecc.co.jpNanofiber A/S

The company develops protocols for growth and trans-fer of morphologically and optically controlled organic nanofibers. www.nanofiber.dk

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LED lighting Transistors Conductors

NanowiresNanowires are impacting the next gen-eration of electronic devices, biosen-sors and solar energy technology. One of the leading candidates to replace ITO in electronic devices, nanowires is an important growing market. Batter-ies and lighting are also sectors that nanowires are likely to witness growth in over the next decade. Semiconduc-tor silicon nanowires are promising materials in printable electronics due to their well-developed synthesis pro-cesses and the ability to tailor material properties through shape, size, and atomic-composition control.

MARKET POTENTIAL

GaN-Nanowire-based LEDs are under development by a number of companies. Advantages include higher lumens, increased efficiency and lower power consumption than traditional lighting modules. Their waveguiding properties and the ability to grow nonpolar GaN nanowire-based heterostructures, leads to increased light extraction and improved internal quantum efficiency.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Silicon nanowire transistors are of interest for future generation inte-grated circuits. Current devices are formed laterally on a single crystal silicon substrate by lithography and etching – processes which are rapidly reaching their limits in terms of device feature size. Nanowire growth provides an alterative route to the fabrication of very small diameter (<20 nm) high density ver-tical transistor arrays with a wrap-around gate structure that offers improved performance.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Nanosilver wires have been devel-oped as an alternative to sputter-deposited ITO transparent conduc-tors. Companies involved in product development in this market include Blue Nano, Cambrios, Agfa, Blue Nano, Carestream Advanced Materi-als, Cima Nanotech, Dow Chemical, PolyIC, Ferro, Saint-Gobain, Sigma Technologies, Suzhou NanoGrid Technology and Sumitomo Metals and Mining.

MARKET POTENTIAL


l Hybrid CMOS/nanoelectronic systems that are based on conventional CMOS devices connected to nanowire arrays (2-5 years)

l Silver nanowire transparent conductors (Current)

l LED lighting (1 year)

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PropertiesA nanowire is a filament typically measuring 2 to 100 nm in diameter. Nanowires of a variety of materials (Carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fiber; Nanoforms of wide band gap materials such as SiC, GaN, AlN, BN, ZnO; other semiconductors such as Si, CdTe, CdS; and nanostructures and nanowires of established electron emitters such as LaB6) have gained importance in the past decade owing to their potential for reliable inte-gration into electronic devices. These devices benefit from nanowires large surface to volume ratios, small active volumes, quantum confinement effects and integration in complex architectures on the nanoscale including sensors, optoelectronics, nanoelectronic and energy harvesting applications. Basic electronic devices like junction diodes, transistors, FETs and logic gates can be fabricated by using semiconductor and superlat-tice nanowires.Most nanowire devices are limited to the demonstra-tion of single devices, an initial step toward nanoelec-tronic circuits, not adequate for production on a large scale at low cost. Controlled and uniform assembly of nanowires with high scalability is still one of the major bottleneck challenges towards the materials and device integration for electronics. The current trend of nanow-ire electronics is based on novel fabrication technolo-gies and three-dimensional nanowire or nanoribbon structures in which only three sides of the structure are exposed, with the bottom one being closely coupled to

the substrate.

Electronics applicationsNanowires with low threshold and low operating volt-age have become potential candidates for field emis-sion display (FED) application. Aligned nanowires with a high packing density can significantly enhance the field emission behaviour. Nanowires are one of the leading candidates for ITO replacement for touch panels. Aligned nanowires with a high packing density can significantly enhance the field emission behaviour. Cambrios and Cima NanoTech have developed conductive coatings by suspending silver nanowires in a solution. The ability to deposit the films using low-temperature processing such as roll-to-roll coating and printing makes the technology cost-effec-tive, as opposed to high-temperature sputtering for ITO.Nanowire-based field effect transistors (FETs) have been utilized in biosensors for DNA sequencing and detect-ing biomarkers associated with disease.Sol Voltaics utilizes gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanow-ires for solar applications. The company has recently unveiled SolInk, a product that promises to increase the efficiency of thin film solar modules crystalline silicon or by up to 25 percent or more. GaAs nanowires consti-tute the active ingredient in SolInk. The company has developed Aerotaxy, a process for producing nanowires created by company founder and Lund University pro-fessor Lars Samuelson.

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The main target for nanowires is the transparent conductors market, which is valued at over $6billion in 2012 and likely to more than double in the next few years. LED lighting based on nanowires is also expected to enter the market in 2014. There have also been several research breakthroughs in 2013 in nanowire transistors used as switches or memory components.

PRODUCT DEVELOPERSBlue NanoBlue Nano is a manufacturer of silver nanowires for uses ranging from energy, automotive, printed electronics, Displays, chemical, materials and medical. In particular, they have placed an emphasis on cutting-edge clean energy products for solar cells, lithium ion batteries and a variety of chemical and fuel cell catalysts. www.bluenanoinc.comCambrios Technologies Corp.The company’s proprietary nanostructured materials can be deposited using existing production equipment to achieve enhanced performance of display devices and components at lower manufacturing cost. The company’s first product is ClearOhm™ coating material that produces a transparent, conductive film by wet processing. ClearOhm™ films have improved proper-ties by comparison to currently used materials such as indium tin oxide and other transparent conductive oxides. www.cambrios.comCarestream Advanced MaterialsCarestream FLEXX Transparent Conductive Films use silver nanowire technology and roll-to-roll process to provide a more flexible, durable and affordable alterna-tive to ITO films. The silver nanowires in our FLEXX films compare favorably to ITO’s consistent conductivity and optical quality, while offering higher light transmission, greater flexibility and bendability, longer durability, and improved cost effectiveness — all with proven environ-mental stability.www.carestream.com/specials/adv-materialsCima NanotechThe company has developed conductive coatings by suspending silver nanowires in a solution. SANTE™ is a custom formulated silver nanoparticle emulsion that is applied via a low-cost and clean wet coating process. SANTE™ self-assembles into a transparent conductive network with very high electrical conductivity, high transparency and flexibility, thus enabling increased performance and new applications in electronics. It is used for applications like electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, touch screens, transparent heating,

photovoltaic, OLED lighting, LED lighting and flexible electronics. With its simpler, faster and more cost-ef-fective deposition process, SANTE™ is poised to be the next-generation coating technology. www.cimanano-tech.comCrayoNanoThe company was spun-off from the Norwegian Univer-sity of Science and Technology (NTNU) to commercial-ize a new technology to grow gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires on graphene using molecular beam epitaxy. The new hybrid electrode material offers excellent op-toelectronic properties. The responsivity of the compa-ny’s GaAs nanowire device is estimated to be around 30 mA/W which is 3 orders of magnitude larger than previ-ously reported for a single GaAs nanowire. Their nanow-ires demonstrate no degradation in the optoelectronic material quality, as compared to GaAs nanowires grown on GaAs substrates. http://crayonano.comEverspin TechnologiesEverspin MRAM is a memory that uses the magnetism of electron spin to provide non-volatility without wear-out. Everspin MRAM stores information in magnetic material integrated with silicon circuitry to deliver the speed of SRAM with the non-volatility of Flash in a single unlimited-endurance device. Everspin MRAM devices are designed to combine the best features of non-volatile memory and RAM to enable “instant-on” capability and power loss protection for an increasing number of electronic systems. http://everspin.comglo ABFounded in 2005, glō AB is a venture-backed, devel-opment-stage company focused on development and commercialisation of entirely new, highly energy efficient and very low cost nanowire light-emitting diodes (nLED) based on its proprietary heterostructured semiconductor nanowire epitaxial growth and process technologies. www.glo.seQuNanoFounded in Sweden in 2005, QuNano works to com-mercialise cutting-edge, proprietary semiconductor and non-semiconductor nanowire technology in diverse fields such as solid state electronics, solid state illu-mination, highly efficient photovoltaics, and the life sciences. www.qunano.comRas MaterialsECOS silver nanowires & AgPURE silver nanoparticles produced by RAS Materials are used as additives or coatings for polymer materials. ECOS silver nanowires are engineered to have a high electrical conductiv-ity with a low concentration or content of pure silver.

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AgPURE Nanowires is designed for conductive appli-cations. The silver particles show a very good aspect ratio to comply with the high requirements of future markets. The low amounts of silver enable production of Transparent Conductive Surfaces. These materials are strongly desired components for use in displays, pho-tovoltaics and light emitting diodes (LED), as well as for transparent IR-reflection coatings. AgPURE nanowires are: long and ultrathin conductive wires on the basis of pure silver (scale-bar in image: 1 µm; the length is in the range of 5-20 µm; the diameter is around 100 nm. http://rasmaterials.comSeashell TechnologiesSeashell Technology LLC was started in 1996 in San Di-ego, California and is focused on developing nanoscale materials. While the company manufactures several different types of nanomaterials, they specialize in the production of silver nanowires. Seashell produces silver nanowires using HiFlex eFilmTM technology. The com-pany’s manufacturing processes can be used to create silver nanorods and nanowires with diameters as thin as 50 nanometers and lengths as great as several hundred microns. Applications are in biomedical, thermal, elec-tronic, metrology, environmental and defense applica-tions. www.seashelltech.comSigma-AldrichThe company offers high-purity silicon nanowires. The nanowires are available monodispersed either undoped or doped (p-type) as well as polydispersed with vary-ing lengths. As analogs to carbon nanotube materials, silicon nanowires are beginning to be realized for ap-plications including field-effect transistors, photovolta-ics, sensors, lithium batteries and catalysts. They can be assembled or aligned onto a number of flexible or transparent substrates using both established and cut-ting-edge methods. One such refined method includes the alignment of individual silicon nanowires between more than 16,000 electrodes using a balanced combina-tion of dielectrophoretic forces and uniform fluid flow. www.sigmaaldrich.comSinovia TechnologiesStart-up producing silver nanowire-based transparent conductive films. www.sinoviatech.comUS Nano LLCUS Nano produces semiconducting nanowires. www.usnanollc.com

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Displays LED lighting Transistors

Quantum DotsWith a size tunable band gap, a small exciton binding energy and high PL quantum yields, inexpensive solution processed colloidal semiconductor QDs offer great potential for use in electronic and optoelectronic devices. The market is set to growth over the next few years with applications in LED lighting, electronic displays, bio-logical imaging, lasers and photovolta-ics. QDs enhanced display products from Samsung and other electronics manufacturers will be available from 2014.

MARKET POTENTIAL

There are a large number of start-up companies and major corporations developing colloidal QD-enhanced displays such as QD Vision, Nano-sys, LG Innotek, Samsung, Philips Lumileds Lighting Company and Avago. In the longer term, it is ex-pected that there will be the devel-opment of large-area Quantum Dot LED (QD-LED) flat-panel displays reliant on the electrically induced emission (electroluminescence) of colloidal QDs, which is a target also being pursued commercially.

MARKET POTENTIAL

Quantum dot LEDs have a lifespan of between 25,000 and 50,000 hours (up to 20 years at typical rates of domestic usage) and convert electricity to light at between 30 and 70 lm/W. They turn on instantly, and can be tuned to produce any shade of white light (or any colour).

MARKET POTENTIAL

QD films in transistors have shown some promise. The charge in a QD can be used to control the transistor current, switching an output on or off, depending on the state of an in-put, and can facilitate the transport of electrons through the transis-tor even when electron transport through the surrounding material, usually silicon, is blocked.

MARKET POTENTIAL


l Displays (Current) l LED lighting (Current) l Transistor films (5

years+) l Logic gates using QDs l Laser diodes (1-3 years) l Quantum information

processing (10 years+)

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PropertiesA quantum dot is a semiconductor whose excitons are confined in all three spatial dimensions. As a result, they have properties that are between those of bulk semiconductors, and those of discrete molecules. Dot dimensions typically range from 2 to 10 nm.The ability to tune the size of quantum dots is advan-tageous for many applications. For instance, larger quantum dots have a greater spectrum-shift towards red compared to smaller dots, and exhibit less pro-nounced quantum properties. Conversely, the smaller particles allow one to take advantage of more subtle quantum effects. Current applications of QD lumines-cence harness the optically induced emission (photolu-minescence) of colloidal QDs for use in the backlighting of displays.Quantum dot technology can potentially replace organic luminescent materials to provide supe-rior colour quality, efficiency, and lifetime.

ApplicationsQuantum dots are potentially set to explode in 2014. Apple has recently applied for a patent in quantum dots and there are rumours it will take a strategic stake in Nanoco. QD Vision and Nanosys have developed scalable solution production processes and partnered with OEMs to use quantum dots in displays. Samsung, LG Electronics and Sony all have quantum dot enabled display products on or near market. LEDs and displays utilizing quantum dots can be made

ultra-thin, on flexible substrates and thus produced at a much lower cost. QD emissions are also usually much narrower and more symmetric (clearer colour) than typical emissions from dyes or fluorophors, so displays and LEDs can produce much clearer colour.The lifetimes of QD-LEDs (mainly type IV) at present operated at initial video brightness (100 cd m−2) are of the order of 100–1,000 hours (>10,000 hours is required for displays). They turn on instantly, and can be tuned to produce any shade of white light (or any colour). Since their inception almost two decades ago, electri-cally driven QD-LEDs) have increased in external quan-tum efficiency from less than 0.01% to around 20%. The lifetimes of state-of-the-art OLEDs are in the range of 103–106 hours. QD Vision has reported a QD-LED with a half-life of >10,000 hours when operated at an initial brightness of 100 cd m−2. The manufacturing cost of QD-LEDs can be broadly di-vided into the cost of raw materials and the fabrication costs of processing these materials. Because QD-LEDs and OLEDs are fabricated using a similar toolbox of thin-film processing techniques (for example, ink-jet and micro-contact printing, and thermal evaporation and sputtering), QD-LED commercialization has benefit-ted from the manufacturing infrastructure and exper-tise developed for OLED production. Due to the adorementioned advantages of inexpensive solution processed colloidal QDs such as size tunable band gap, a small exciton binding energy and high

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photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields have also been successfully demonstrated in thin film optoelectronic devices, for example, in solar cells and light-emitting diodes.

ProductionThe market has mainly catered to specialized applica-tions so far, with a small number of companies sell-ing dots directly to researchers, using the particles to develop their own products or licensing their technolo-gies to partners. Nanoco has a partnership with a major Japanese LED manufacturer to produce LEDs for the general lighting and LCD backlight market. Nanoco is currently charg-ing $5000 per gram for its materials, but expects this to decrease to $500 per gram in the near future as it plans a 400kg per year production facility. Quantum Materials Corp. is also planning to scale-up production considerably. The end user markets for quantum dots are potentially incredibly lucrative. Light-ing and displays each represent $100 billion markets. At quantum dot material and component level this is a potential $5-$10 billion revenue opportunity. Ad-ditional markets in solar, security, thermoelectrics and magnetics could double this potential market. In 2011, Samsung developed the world’s first full-color display using quantum dots. LG Electronics has part-nered with QD Vision to a QLED TV. Nanosys has partnered with 3M’s Optical Systems Divi-sion, which is applying Nanosys QDs to a polymer film and passivating it with a 3M moisture blocking film. The product is calledQuantum Dot Enhancement Film (QDEF). QDEF is applied parallel to the entire surface of an LCD, substituting for the diffusing film in the LCD’s backlightSony and Panasonic are also developing QLED technol-ogy to be used in UHD TV, as is Taiwan LCD manufac-turer AU Optronics. Apple also applied for a QD display patent in 2013.QD Vision currently incorporates its QDs in an optical component it calls Color IQ, which sits in front of the LEDs in an LED edge-light. The component is being used in several models of Sony “Triluminos” Bravia TV sets.Merck has increased its stake in the Jerusalem-based company Qlight Nanotech, which develops products for advanced displays and energy-efficient lighting. The Israeli start-up was formed as a spin-off of Yissum, the

technology transfer company of Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Merck’s continuous investment will allow Qlight Nanotech to increase its efforts in the develop-ment of its semiconductor nanoparticle-based technol-ogy and to address a broader customer base.

PRODUCT DEVELOPERSAmerican Dye Source, Inc.Founded in 1995, the company manufactures laser dyes, near infrared absorption dyes, polymeric dyes, conjugated polymers, light emitting polymers, hole transport materials and laser imaging materials based on fullerenes, quantum dots and nanoparticles. www.adsdyes.comAmerican ElementsAmerican Elements is a manufacturer and supplier specializing in producing quantum dots from several semiconductor materials, including Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (CdSe/ZnS), Lead Selenide (PbSe) and Zinc Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (ZnCdSe/ZnS) nanoparticles with well-defined peak emission frequencies between approximately 470 to 730 nm wavelengths. www.americanelements.comAppleApple’s patent for a “Quantum dot-enhanced display having dichroic filter,” published by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, offers a highly detailed look at both quantum dot tech and how it can be applied to por-table devices like the iPhone. http://appft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPBayer MaterialScience AGThe company produces BayDots for the enhancement of drug delivery. Other applications include opto-elec-tronics, photovoltaics, security labeling and functional polymer composites. www.bayer.comCyrium TechnologiesCyrium Technologies™ is developing a proprietary photovoltaic solar cell technology using semiconductor nanotechnology. The company offers the QDEC® (Quan-tum Dot Enhanced Cell) product family of standard cell size products. www.cyriumtechnologies.comCytodiagnosticsThe company is a producer of a range of semiconductor grade fluorescent nanocrystals (offered in both aqueous and organic formulations). www.cytodiagnostics.com/fluorescent-nanocrystals.phpEvident Technologies

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Evident’s proprietary EviDots™ are high performance semiconductor nanocrystals active throughout the vis-ible spectrum and into the near–infrared. www.evident-tech.comInnolume The company develop quantum dots for semiconduc-tor lasers, as well as for associated optical devices like gain chips, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), superluminescent diodes (SLDs), and single- or multi-mode laser bars. www.in-nolume.comInvisage Technologies Inc.The company produces QuantumFilm, QD based image sensors. www.invisage.comNanoco Technologies Ltd.Nanoco manufactures large quantities of quantum dots. The company’s molecular seeding process for the bespoke manufacture of these quantum dots on a com-mercial scale is protected by worldwide patents. Nano-co Technologies is presently able to supply production quantities of quantum dots that do not use a regulated heavy metal. www.nanocotechnologies.comNano Axis LLCNanoAxis produces AxiCad™ QDs. AxiCad brand quan-tum dots come in wavelengths ranging from 530 nm to 740 nm. http://nanoaxisllc.comNanoPhotonicaThe company produces Q-LED displays. The company’s S-QLED (quantum dot light emitting diode) display is 60 percent less expensive and uses 50 percent less power than current flat panel display screens. Their SOLR-Turbo Solar Technology claims to increase resistance to UV, oxygen and moisture significantly for organic based solar cells and improves conductivity by up to 30 percent. www.nanophotonica.comNanosquare, Inc.The company is a spin-out from Seoul National Univer-sity. The company is a manufacturer of quantum dots, which they can mass-produce. www.nanosquare.co.krNanosys, Inc.QDEF™ and QuantumRail™ are composed of Nanosys’ proprietary, high efficiency quantum dot phosphors. They find application in LED displays. Nanosys Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, or QDEF, is an optical film com-ponent for LED driven LCD displays. Based on Nanosys’ proprietary high efficiency Quantum Dot Phosphors, QDEF enables a new level of LCD display performance by providing a high quality, tri-color white light from a

standard blue LED light source. www.nanosysinc.comNavillum Nanotechnologies LLCThe company is a producer of QDs, spun-out from the University of Utah. www.navillum.comNN-Labs LLCNN-Labs LLC is a developer of advanced functional materials including semiconductor, noble metal and magnetic metal oxide nanocrystals. www.nn-labs.comNNCrystalNNCrystal US Corp. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hangzhou Nanjing Technology Ltd. and an exclusive licensee of advanced materials synthesis technology from NN-Labs LLC. NNCrystal is the owner of two pat-ented and trademarked technology platforms for solid-state lighting applications-Qshift Lucid and Qshift Coral. www.nncrystal.comQD Laser, Inc.QD Laser, Inc. was launched by Fujitsu and Mitsui Ventures, to commercialise semiconductor lasers and amplifiers using Quantum Dot and Quantum Well struc-tures. www.qdlaser.comQD Light The company is a Russian producer of QDs. www.qdlight.ruQLight NanotechQlight’s technology is based on semiconductor nano-crystals, QlightersTM, prepared by a scalable wet chemi-cal synthesis method. Qlighters are IP protected nano-crystals with ultimate control over the nanoparticle size, shape and composition. http://qlightnano.comQD SolutionThe company has developed a mass production tech-nology for QDs. www.qdsnano.comQD VisionQD Vision is a privately held company based in Water-town, Mass. QD Vision’s Color IQ ™ product platform exploits the unique light-emitting properties of semi-conductor nanocrystals for application in LED-based products, with enhanced color quality, high power effi-ciency, manufacturing versatility, and design flexibility. The company is focused solely on displays and lighting. www.qdvision.comQuantum Material Corp.Quantum Materials Corporation, Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiary, Solterra Renewable Technolo-gies Inc., manufactures and commercializes tetrapod quantum dots. The company, using a proprietary quan-tum dot synthesis method adapted to continuous flow

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chemistry, produces printed thin-film PV quantum dot solar cells, printed electronics, and colloidal tetrapod quantum dots. www.qmcdots.comStoreDot Ltd. The company produces bio-organic Nanodots. Manu-facturing Nanodots is relatively inexpensive as they originate naturally, and utilize a basic biological mechanism of self-assembly. They can be made from a vast range of bio-organic raw materials that are read-ily available and environmentally friendly. StoreDot develops batteries and displays for smartphones and tablets, designed to replace current technology with more efficient power consumption and better color viv-idness. StoreDot batteries will be charged much faster than current batteries, and will withstand thousands of charge/discharge cycles, prolonging battery life expec-tancy considerably. Furthermore, StoreDot paper-thin displays can be designed to be flexible and transparent. www.store-dot.comVoxtel, Inc.Voxtel provides high-volume manufacture of nanopar-ticles-including atomically precise metal, metal oxide, and semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots. Voxtel’s products are divided into three product families: (1) wide-bandgap nanocrystals, including several metal oxides, sulfides, and halides (ex. ZnO, ZnS, LaF3, YVO4) that are most often transparent and absorb in the ultra-violet; (2) narrow-bandgap nanocrystals, which absorb in the visible, near infrared, and short-wavelength infra-red (SWIR) spectral regions (including various III-V and II-VI material sets such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, PbS, PbSe, CdTe, InP, InSb, and SnTe), and (3) metal nanoparticles.www.voxtel-inc.com

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Fullerenes

D iscovered in 1985, fuller-enes are compounds com-posed solely of an even

number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycy-clic system with 12 five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The archetypal example is the sixty-atom structure, where the atoms and bonds delineate a trun-cated icosahedron

PropertiesThe unique molecular structures of fullerenes lead to interesting pho-tonic, electronic, superconducting, magnetic and biomedical proper-ties. These include: • Superconductivity; • Heat resistance; • Physcial and chemical stability (breaking the balls requires tem-peratures of about 1000 °C); • Highest packing density of all known structures; • Impenetrability to all elements under normal circumstances, even to a helium atom with an energy of 5 eV.

MarketsFullerenes are being developed for a plethora of markets includ-ing pharmaceuticals (novel thera-peutics); anti-oxidants; imaging contrast agents; catalysts for hydro-carbon upgrading (of heavy oils, methane into higher HC, thermal stability of fuels etc.); lubricants; specialty polymers for solar cells, coatings and fiber optics; compos-ites (sports equipment, automotive, aviation and aerospace).

C60 has been applied in a num-ber of consumer products such as sports gear (badminton and tennis rackets), cosmetics and personal care products (anti-aging, eyeliner, skin creams, etc.) and lubricants (motor oil).

POSSPOSS is Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Like all silses-quioxanes, POSS has a chemical formula of (RSiO1.5)n, but unlike other silsesquioxanes, POSS has a regular, often cubic, inorganic cage structure. While fullerenes contain carbon atoms only, POSS molecules are cages of silicon and oxygen atoms, with structures that vary depending on how they are pre-pared. Additional organic chemical groups like polymers can be added to the silicon atoms to alter func-tionality, and metal atoms can be substituted for some silicon atoms to create catalysts. POSS chemical technology has two unique fea-tures (1) the chemical composition is a hybrid, intermediate (RSiO1.5) between that of silica (SiO2) and silicone (R2SiO); (2) POSS molecules are physically large with respect to polymer dimensions and nearly equivalent in size to most polymer segments and coils. Because of its chemical nature, POSS technology is easily incorporated into common plastics via copolymerization or blending and hence requires little or no alteration to existing manu-facturing processes.

ProductionBoth fullerene and POSS manu-facturers are scaling up capacity, which should lead to a drop in prices and increased applications. Several companies are developing fullerene-based solar cell technol-ogy, including Konarka, Siemens, Philips, and STMicroelectronics, but low efficiencies prevent large-scale production at present. POSS is com-mercially available in large, multi-ton scale. Smaller amounts can also be purchased from Hybrid Plastics, Gelest and Sigma-Aldrich.

ElectronicsApplications of fullerenes in elec-tronics include:• Organic photodiodes and photo-detectors• Photodiodes based on composites of fullerene derivatives and conju-gated polymers • Integrated circuits• Fullerene C60 and its derivatives are used for design of OFETs and electronic devices such as ring oscil-lators and other functional inte-grated circuits.

Product developersAmerican Dye Source, Inc.The company produces pure fullerene, fullerene derivatives, and polythiophene derivatives. Applica-tions are energy storage, conduc-tive plastics, and thermal materials, super-strong fibers, and biomedical applications. American Dye Source, Inc. offers pure and chemically modified fullerenes. www.adsdyes.

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comApNano Materials, Inc.The company produces fullerenes licensing from the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel. ApNano is headquartered in New York, and its research facility is located in Nes Ziona, Israel. The company’s solid lubricants, using nanoparticles, are applied in aerospace, heavy equip-ment, metalworking and military markets. www.apnano.comBucky USAFounded in 1993, the company sells fullerenes and nanotubes. Applica-tion areas include composites, field emitters, electronic devices, gas adsorption and catalyst supports. http://buckyusa.comHonjo Chemical CorporationThe company manufactures elec-trode materials for the next genera-tion flat display’s panel by using carbon nanotubes. The company has a nanotube and fullerene mass-production plant in Japan at Neya-gawa Factory under a cooperation agreement with Mitsubishi Corp., Fullerene International Corp.(FIC) and MER Corp. www.honjo-chem.co.jp

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Germanane

G raphene has brought to the world’s attention the exceptional properties

of two-dimensional (2D) materi-als. However, graphene’s lack of an intrinsic band gap and limited ame-nability to chemical modification has resulted in increasing interest in other 2D layered nanomaterials. Germanane is a one-atom-thick sheet of hydrogenated puckered germanium atoms structurally similar to graphane. It is a 2D nano-material generated via mechanical exfoliation from GeH.

ElectronicsMonolayer 2D materials such as germanane, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), silicene, silicane, molybdenum disulfide have at-tracted enormous interest for their potential applications in batteries, solar cells, optoelectronics, sensors, catalysts, composites and thermo-electrics. Most significantly, these materials will potentially meet the future requirements for large-area, transparent and flexible electronics. In May 2013, Bianco et al. reported a unique method for generation of stable, single-layered ger-manane. The researchers synthe-sized millimeter-scale crystals of a hydrogen-terminated germanium multilayered graphane analogue (germanane, GeH) from the topo-chemical deintercalation of CaGe2.Advantages of germanane include: • a direct band gap of 1.53 eV and an electron mobility ca. five times higher than that of bulk Ge.• the

chemical surface can be modified to adjust the band gap, tempera-ture dependent stability, or other properties of the material. terned-bit-milestone-nanotechnology-pro-cess-will-double-todays-disk-drive-data-density

Figure 1: Schematic of ger-manane (credit: Goldberger et al.)

The main drawback to ger-manane is ermanane, is its behav-ior with increased temperature, which could render it ineffective for electronic materials that operate at high temperatures. This may mean that it requires cooling to be of use or can only be utilized in low power applications.

Another potential application drawback is cost as germanium is far less abundant than silicon and carbon, which could give materi-als like graphene the lead in terms of commercial viability in the next decade.

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Silicene

S ilicene is the equivalent of graphene for silicon, i.e. a monolayer of silicon in a

honeycomb structure. The success-ful formation of silicene was only reported in April 2012 by a team of researchers in Italy, Germany and France, but it could potentially usurp its carbon-based counterpart graphene as the go-to wonder ma-terial for next-generation electron-ics. Researchers expect that silicene will be relatively easy to incorporate within existing silicon-based elec-tronics.

ElectronicsSilicene has potentially useful chemical and physical properties and is predicted to feature Dirac fermions at the Fermi energy just like graphene. Research in silicone is at a very early stage but is gaining more and more attention.

Figure 2: The result of theoretical calculation of a stable silicene struc-ture on ZrB2(0001) (Image credit: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST).

ElectronicsSilicene is created by epitaxial

growth of silicon as stripes on Ag(001), ribbons on Ag(110), and sheets on Ag(111) to form a single layer of atoms. One of the downside of using graphene in electronics is that it doesn’t possess a bandgap in its electronic states. There has been progress in inducing a band gap into graphene, but this in-volves protracted methods such as bringing the graphene sheets into contact with a strongly-interacting substrate, which can sufficiently perturb the electronic properties. Silicene however exhibits a band gap even without modification and it has the advantage of inher-ent compatibility with the silicon technology infrastructure already used in manufacturing much of today’s digital electronics. The buckled hexagonal silicene lattice allows for electric field control of the band gap, contrary to the case of graphene.Another advantage is the spin-orbit coupling in silicene is much larger than in graphene, such that a 2D topological insulator state, a quantum spin Hall insulator (QSHI), may be reached at relatively high temperature (10-20 K). At silicene/superconductor interfaces, the heli-cal edge modes of the QSHI are ex-pected to host Majorana fermions, which are highly sought-after in the context of topological quantum computing.

Figure 3: STM image of silicene on ZrB2 thin film (Image credit: Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST).

Potential future applications of silicene range from the aforemen-tioned nanoelectronics applications to ultra-sensitive chemical sensors (electronic noses), biological and cancer markers, solar cell technol-ogy, catalysts and hydrogen storage.

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Graphdiyne

G raphdiyne is a new 2-dimensional carbon allotrope, consisting of

an sp- and sp2-hybridized car-bon network and is the subject of increasing research interest due to its promising electronic, optical, and mechanical properties that are distinct from graphene or carbon nanotubes. The interest in carbon allotropes lies in finding simple, inexpensive and readily accessible materials with novel electrical, opti-cal and magnetic properties. Graph-diyne is the first two-dimensional carbon allotrope with sp, sp2, and sp3 three hybridization states, and is predicted to be the most stable of non-natural carbon allotropes. Due to its remarkable electronic structure, graphdiyne is expected to be widely applied in the field of nanoelectronics, semiconductors, solar cells, materials and optoelec-tronics among others.

Figure 1: Graphdiyne structure.

Graphdiyne was first synthe-sized in 2010 by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The researchers grew the graphdiyne on a piece of copper foil through a cross-coupling reaction that uses hexaethynylbenzene. The copper foil functions as a catalyst for the

cross-coupling reaction and as a substrate for growing graphdiyne.2

Using this approach, the researchers produced graphdiyne films of up to 3.61 cm2 in area. Scan-ning electron microscopy showed that the films were continuous, uniform and flexible; X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy confirmed that the films were pure carbon; Raman spectroscopy revealed that the films were multilayered; and by atomic force microscopy it was found that the films exhibited excellent semiconducting proper-ties similar to silicon. The team also fabricated a test device, which has a conductivity of 2.516 × 10−4 S m1

at room temperature indicating semiconductor behaviour.

Batteries/Lithium storageThe predicted high capacity and

mobility indicate that graphdiyne may offer excellent performance as the anode of lithium batteries. The lithiation potentials (vs Li/Li+) and specific capacities in these materials are found to be enhanced consider-ably as compared to the conven-tional graphite-based electrode materials.

Hydrogen storageCompared to other known

membranes, graphdiyne can be used for means of hydrogen purification with the best balance of high selectivity and high perme-ance. Graphdiyne is atomistically porous - characterized by a regular “nanomesh”- allowing for potential applications as a separation mem-

brane for hydrogen purification. Graphdiyne provides a unique, chemically inert and mechanically stable platform facilitating selective gas separation at nominal pressures using a homogeneous material system, without a need for chemi-cal functionalization or the explicit introduction of molecular pores.

Figure 4: Schematic of graph-diyne hydrogen membrane (Source: RSC Publishing).

EnvironmentGraphdiyne nanocomposite

photocatalysts have been investi-gated for potential application in air purification and waste water treatment.

ElectronicsGraphdiyne is a semiconduc-

tor with a band gap of 0.46 eV. The calculated in-plane intrinsic electron mobility can reach the order of 105 cm2/(V s) at room temperature, while the hole mobility is about an order of magnitude lower. Graph-diyne nanowires show promise as and a novel material in electronic and photoelectric applications. Ad-ditionally, graphdiyne nanoribbons have much larger natural “holes” than graphene, thus it is easier to realize doping of various candi-dates into the “holes” to fabricate n-doping or p-doping one dimen-

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sional semiconductor.

Solar cellsIt has been demonstrated that

the doping of graphdiyne can im-prove the short circuit current (Jsc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of polymer solar cells. A cell with 2.5 wt% graphdiyne exhibits an enhanced Jsc by 2.4 mA/cm2 and the highest PCE (3.52%), which is 56% higher than that of the cell without graphdiyne doping. The improved performance is due to high charge transport capability of graphdiyne and the formation of efficient percolation paths in the active layer.

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Graphane

F irst theorized in 2006 as a derivative of graphene, graphane (also referred to

as hydrogenated graphene) is an extended two-dimensional mate-rial consisting of a single layer of fully saturated (sp3 hybridization) carbon atoms. In 2009, a team that included the University of Man-chester researchers who discovered graphene in 2004 reported the hy-drogenation and possible synthesis of graphane by adding hydrogen atoms to graphene, turning the material into an insulator.

Figure 5: Graphane is obtained from graphene (a monolayer of car-bon atoms) by attaching hydrogen atoms (red) to each carbon atoms (blue) in the crystal (Source: Univer-sity of Manchester).

Most of the potential applica-tions and amazing properties of graphane are related with these partially hydrogenated structures and are primarily focused on electronics and hydrogen storage. Additional applications have been hypotesised in nanosensors and nanocomposites.

ElectronicsGraphane is a semiconductor

with an energy gap, obtained from hydrogenation of the two-dimen-sional graphene sheet and displays potential for use as insulation mate-rials for graphene-based electronic devices. The electronic band gap opened upon hydrogenation can be used to create channels and nanostructures of high mobility gra-phene supported by an insulating graphane matrix, allowing the sys-tem to act as a wide gap semicon-ductor with magnetic properties, high-temperature electron-photon superconductivity, giant Faraday rotation and the possible creation of quantum dots as vacancy clusters in the graphane body.

Hydrogen storage Due to the materials huge

hydrogen density, graphane has been considered as potentially important for hydrogen storage. The advantage of utilizing graphane as substrate to bind metal adatoms for storing hydrogen is the strong metal-graphane bonding. Research has shown that graphane can ad-sorb as many as four hydrogen mol-ecules per Li, Na, and K metal atom. These values correspond to 12.20, 10.33, and 8.56 wt% of hydrogen, respectively, and exceed the DOE requirements. Li-graphane complex is the most promising for hydrogen storage with the ability to adsorb three hydrogen molecules per metal atom at 300 K and pressure in the range of 5–250 atm.

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Molybdenum Disulfide

M olybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is the inorganic compound with the

formula MoS2. Single-layer MoS2 is 0.65 nm thick and is similar to gra-phene, except that it is a direct gap semiconductor, with a band gap of 1.8 eV. It has typically been used in industrial lubricant applications but it could potentially lead to new applications in high-speed logic cir-cuits- on its own or in combination with graphene. It is a semiconduc-tor with large band-gap which al-lows its use for logic devices, where a high Ion/Ioff ratio is required. Researchers at MIT, EPFL and the University of Manchester have been developing electronic circuits out of MoS2 where previously they sought to develop electronic applications for graphene.

ElectronicsGraphene has a major problem

in alternative silicon electronics application as it lacks an energy gap between its conduction and valence bands, which makes it difficult to achieve low power dissipation in the OFF state, and it therefore requires extensive modification in order to create one, whereas MoS2 naturally possesses one. Research-ers at the Univeristy of Manchester have been developing graphene heterostructure devices with nanoscale molybdenum disulfide acting as a vertical transport barrier. MoS2 has also been integrated with carbon nanotubes for application in

high performance logic circuits.The lack of a reliable large-scale

production method is viewed as an inhibiting issue at present for their practical applications. According to researchers however, the material is already widely produced as a lubri-cant and due to work in producing large sheets of the material in labs, scaling up production is likely to be easier than with other nanomateri-als.

Figure 6: Structure of 2D molyb-denum disulfide (Image: Wang et al. / MIT)

Large sheets of MoS2 have been fabricated in the Jing Kong’s group in the Department of Electrical En-gineering and Computer Science at MIT, via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Reserchers produced building blocks of electronic circuits on the sheets, as well as on MoS2 flakes produced by a mechanical method. They were able to fabricate a variety of basic electronic devices on the material: an inverter, which switches an input voltage to its op-posite; a NAND gate, a basic logic element that can be combined to carry out almost any kind of logic operation; a memory device, one of the key components of all computa-

tional devices; and a more complex circuit called a ring oscillator, made up of 12 interconnected transis-tors, which can produce a precisely tuned wave output.

Figure 7: Schematic of molyb-denum disulfide incorporated into electronic circuit (MIT)

Graphene pioneers at the University of Manchester have developed prototype devices based on graphene heterostructures with atomically thin boron nitride or molybdenum disulfide acting as a vertical transport barrier. They ex-hibit room-temperature switching ratios of ≈50 and ≈10,000, respec-tively. Such devices have potential for high-frequency operation and large-scale integration.

The Laboratory of Nanoscale Electronics and Structures (LANES) at EPFL have developed a prototype microchip incorporating MoS2. They have demonstrated that sin-gle-layer MoS2 can be used to fabri-cate transistors with extremely low leakage currents (25 fA/um). The single-layer MoS2 was produced by scotch-tape peeling of naturally oc-curing molybdenite crystals.

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Figure 8: Schematic of molyb-denum disulfide microchip (EPFL).

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The integration of nanomaterials into products in the electronics sector is gathering pace. Nanomate-rials exhibit extraordinary electri-cal properties, and have a huge potential in electrical and electronic applications such as photovoltaics, sensors, semiconductor devices, displays, conductors, smart textiles and energy conversion devices (e.g., fuel cells, harvesters and batteries). Most leading semiconductors and electronics companies have R&D activities in nanotech. Lead players include General Electric, Hewlett Packard, IBM, NEC, Motorola, Sam-sung, Fujitsu Laboratories, Seagate, Kodak, Sony, Freescale, and Intel. IBM possess a raft of nanoelectron-ics patents. Application of nano-technology in integrated circuits is leading to improvements in proces-sor density and performance, ener-gy efficiency and reliability. Compa-nies such as Samsung and Nanosys are using nanocrystal memory to extend floating gate or charge trap flash memory structures.

ProductsPrintable carbon nanotube inks and graphene-based inks are hitting the market in 2014. Quantum dots displays have also been incorpo-rated into products from Amazon and Samsung. Nanocoatings have already been applied in a number of consumer electronics devices.

CollaborationThere is extensive collaboration be-tween nanomaterials producers and OEMs to bring these devices to mar-

ket. Current agreements include:• 3M and Cambrios: Flexible silver nanowire film for touch screens• Samsung and Evident Technolo-gies: Quantum dots for displays• QD Vision and Sony: Quantum dots for displays.• NUS and BASF: Graphene electron-ics applications.

Product integrationNanomaterials have the potential to greatly improve electronics products, but the timing and path to these innovative products will depend upon the adaptability of nanomaterials and its compounds to end user production processes and the ability of producers to explain the value of nanomaterials to all the industrial and manufactur-ing players in the products’ supply chain. In order for nanomaterials such as graphene to meets its poten-tial however, low cost production processes must be developed, these production processes must be both scalable and suitable for integra-tion into existing manufacturing processes and regulations, and the challenges of integrating nanoma-terials into products must be met. Great strides have been made meet-ing all these goals over the last few years as a broad range of players have pushed ahead simultaneously on many different fronts. The lead-ing incumbent companies in elec-tronics are evaluating the feasibility of incorporating nano compounds into their products. With graphene especially, many producers are fo-

cused on electronic, electro-optical and semiconductor type applica-tions.

Producers, application develop-ers and OEMS

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2-DTech LimitedSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONSpin-out from the University of Manchester’s Condensed Matter Research Group.

PRODUCTSProducts include:CVD grapheneUniform polycrystalline chemical vapour deposition grown graphene films in our state of the art CVD chambers:• CVD graphene as grown on copper• CVD graphene on SiO2• CVD graphene on exfoliated hBN on SiO2• CVD graphene on arbitrary substrates as requested including customers’ substrates

Graphene platelets• Graphene suspensions available in NMP/DMF• Graphene laminates: graphene flakes in laminate paper form: diameters of 13 mm, 25 mm and 47 mm

Graphene oxide• Graphene oxide suspensions in water• Graphene oxide membranes: Graphene oxide flakes in membrane form: diameter of 13 mm, 25 mm and 47 mm

TARGET MARKETS• Bendable electronics• Transistors• Photonics• Composite materials, paints and coatings• Energy generation and storage• Sensors• Bioapplications.

ADDRESS2-DTech LimitedCore Technology Facility46 Grafton StreetManchesterM13 9NTUKT: +44 (0) 161 606 7200

WEBhttp://2-dtech.com

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ACS Materials LLCSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONThe company produces graphene, molecular sieves and metal nanomaterials.

PRODUCTSGraphene Series• Industrial-Quality Graphene• Graphene Oxide• Single Layer Graphene• Carboxyl Graphene• Graphene Nanoplatelets• Graphite Oxide

CVD Graphene• Trivial Transfer Graphene™• 3D Graphene Foam• Graphene on Copper Foil• Graphene on Si• Graphene on SiO2• Graphene on PET• Graphene on Plastic• Graphene on Quartz• Multi-layer Graphene• PMMA-coated Graphene• Nitrogen-doped Graphene

TARGET MARKETS• All end user markets for graphene.

ADDRESSACS Material, LLC18 Vernon StreetMedford, MA02155-2213USAT: +1 8662270656

WEBwww.acsmaterial.com

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Advanced Graphene ProductsSTATUSProducer.

DESCRIPTIONTogether with the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering of the Technical University of Lodz the company has developed a production process for produing graphene an industrial level.

PRODUCTSThe company produces both mono and polycrystalline graphene sheets of sizes up to 25cm x 12cm.

TARGET MARKETS• Various.

ADDRESSAdvanced GrapheneProductsZeromskiego 19/165-066 Zielona GoraPolandPhone: +48 506193078

WEBwww.advancedgrapheneproducts. com

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Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.STATUSApplication developer

DESCRIPTIONAdvanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) develops microprocessors, motherboard chipsets, embedded processors and graphics processors for servers, workstations and personal computers, and embedded systems applications. AMD is researching graphene for applications in nanostructured 3-D electronic devices and holds a patent in this area.

PRODUCTSAMD is researching graphene for applications in nanostructured 3-D electronic devices and holds a pat-ent in this area.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics

ADDRESSAdvanced Micro Devices, Inc. One AMD Place P.O. Box 3453SunnyvaleCA 94088-3453USAT: +1 408-749-4000

WEBwww.amd.com

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Ad-Nano TechnologiesSTATUSProducers.

DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of graphene and carbon nanotubes.

PRODUCTS• ADG-OH /OH Graphene• ADG-COOH/ COOH-Graphene• ADG-NH2/ NH2-Graphene• AD-GO/ Graphene Oxide2• ADG-PET/ PET-Graphene Transparent Conductive Film• ADG-MB/ Graphene-polymer Nanocomposites Masterbatch• ADG-H2O/ Dispersion of Graphene in water• ADG-IP/Dispersion of Graphene in IPA• Dispersion of Graphene in Organic Solvents.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Composites.

ADDRESS30, Allman Keri, 2nd CrossLashkarMOhalla, ShimogaKarnataka, India Pin-577202Phone: +91-(0)8182-402640

WEBwww.ad-nanotech.com

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Adlab Nanotech LLCSTATUSProducer.

DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of a wide range of nanomaterials.

PRODUCTSAldlab’s current product offerings include Carbon Nanotubes, Gra- phene and N-doped graphene.


ADDRESSAldlab Nanotech, LLC3H Gill Street, Suite 300Woburn, MA 01801USATel: +1 (781)305-3213

WEBwww.aldlabnano.com

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Agar Scientific STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company has launched a new range of graphene oxide support films which have been developed in collaboration with Dr Neil Wilson, Microscopy Group, Physics Department at the University of Warwick.

PRODUCTSAgar GO support films are available on holey and lacey carbon and Quantifoil® support films. Manu-factured in their Stansted laboratories using a unique application method, Agar GO support films are hydrophilic and suited to imaging of small nanoparticles, nanowires and suspensions. Their low atomic number and thin-layer thickness result in significantly lower background contrast than conventional supports. Agar GO support films are also ideal for Cryo–TEM studies. The vitreous ice layer can be signifi-cantly thinner on GO support films providing higher contrast and hence higher resolution for structural determination.


ADDRESSAgar Scientific Elektron Technology UK Ltd Unit 7, M11 Business Link Parsonage Lane Stansted Essex CM24 8GF United KingdomT: +44 (0)1279 813519

WEBwww.agarscientific.com

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Aixtron SESTATUSEquipment manufacturer.

DESCRIPTIONThe company is a manufacturer of metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) equipment. The company’s instruments are utilized to produce high-quality graphene films, nanotubes and nanofibers.

PRODUCTSFor graphene development and production, Aixtron offers the BM Pro systems (previously called Black Magic systems). BM Pro systems can be used to deposit graphene using both chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).

TARGET MARKETS• Materials.

ADDRESSAixtron SEKaiserstr. 98Herzogenrath, 52134GermanyT: +49241890090

WEBwww.aixtron.com

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American Graphite TechnologiesSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONAmerican Graphite Technologies Inc is focused on developing North American graphite mining opportu-nities along with the commercialization of graphene specific proprietary technology methods

PRODUCTSAmerican Graphite Technologies Inc is producing graphene paper with it’s manufacturing partner CTI Nanotechnologies LLC.

TARGET MARKETS• Computer and television displays• Electrical shielding• Reinforcing Material for manufacturing cars, boats, airplanes and machinery• Lightning Strike Dissipation• Heat Dissipation• Protection against electromagnetic pulses (EMP)• Armor plating• Reinforcement of plastics and polymers• Electrodes for batteries, fuel cells, solar cells and capacitors• Thermal heatsinks for electronic and computer equipment• Artificial limbs.

ADDRESS3651 Lindell Rd. Ste D#322 Las VegasNV 89103USAT: +1-855-818-0066

WEBhttp://americangraphitetechnologies.com

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AMO GmbHSTATUSApplications developer.

DESCRIPTIONAMO is working on Graphene within a BMBF supported NanoFutur project ALEGRA as well as in a Europe-an research project called GRAND (Graphene-based Nanoelectronic Devices) in cooperation with leading European academic and industrial partners and is coordinating several German and European projects in the field of nano-manufacturing and nano-electronics.

PRODUCTSAMO has experience with graphene devices in conjunction with its experimental CMOS technology for nano-scale devices and novel materials, its advanced high-resolution e-beam lithography (Leica EBPG5000) with direct write capabilities below 10 nm and its UV-Nanoimprint lithography for fast cycle nanoscale research.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics.

ADDRESSAMO GmbHOtto-Blumenthal-Straße 25(formerly: Huyskensweg 25)52074 AachenGermanyT: +49 241 8867200

WEBwww.amo.de

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Aldlab Nanotech, LLCSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONThe company is a spin-out from Yale Univeristy and a subsidiary of of Aldlan Chemicals.

PRODUCTS• Functional Iron Oxide Nanoparticles• Functional Gold Nanoparticles• Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and N-doped graphene• Titania nanotubes, Titania nanowires, and Magnesia nanowires• High surface area magnesia• Zinc oxide nanoparticles• Functional PEG derivatives• Fluorescent Dextrans and Proteins.

TARGET MARKETS• All end user markets for graphene.

ADDRESSAldlab Nanotech, LLC3H Gill Street, Suite 300WoburnMA 01801USAT: +1 (781)305-3213

WEBwww.aldlabnano.com

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AnderlabSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of industrial graphene.

PRODUCTSAnderGraf™Large Scale, Consistent Quality Graphene

PolyGraf™Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites for High Strength, Light Weight & Conductive Plastics

ProNano™High Purity and thoroughly Characterized Nanomaterials

TARGET MARKETS• Energy• Composites• Aerospace• Inks & Coatings

ADDRESSD381, TTC Area, Thane BelapurRoad, Turbhe, Navi Mumbai - 400 705. INDIATel: +91-22-27615535/37

WEBwww.anderlab.co

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Aneeve Nanotechnologies LLCSTATUSApplications developer.

DESCRIPTIONAneeve Nanotechnologies is a startup company spun-out of UCLA and currently in the California Nano-Systems Institute (CNSI). Aneeve’s mission is to develop low cost low-power-consuming nanotechnology-based electronics for wireless and mobile device applications.

PRODUCTSAneeve has developed a fully printed high mobility and high yield backplane printing technology le-veraging the superior transport properties of semiconducting carbon nanotubes that go beyond state-of-the-art LTPS, a-Si and oxide semiconductor backplane options. The company has demonstrated high throughput CNT patterning on plastic towards roll-to-roll CNT patterning for large scale TFT display appli-cations. This was achieved with room tempeature and non-vacuum processing methods. This demonstra-tion couples with Aneeve’s demonstration of printing fully transparent TFT devices.


ADDRESSAneeve Nanotechnologies LLCUCLA California NanoSystems Institute570 Westwood Plaza, Suite 6532Building 114, MC 722710Los Angeles, CA 90095-7277USAT: +1 (310) 874 3024

WEBhttp://aneeve.com

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Angstron Materials LLCSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONThe company develops nanoscaled graphene plates or platelets (NGPs) and NGP nanocomposites. Ang-stron’s 22,000 square foot manufacturing facility gives it the capability to produce tons of pristine and oxidized NGP material annually. Angstron is also able to provide small to large batch processing.

PRODUCTSAngstron produces nanoscaled graphene plates or platelets (NGPs), NGP dispersions, and NGP nanocom-posites. The nano platelets are typically in the range of 0.34-100 nanometers in thickness and 1-20 µm in length (width), leading to an exceptionally high aspect ratio (up to > 10,000). Ångstron can modify the nano platelet surface to manipulate electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, magnetic, chemical and other properties, while precisely controlling the platelet dimensions and other physical parameters. Products are available as nano platelets, surface-treated nano platelets, stable dispersions in aqueous or organic media, nanocomposites, and other readily usable forms.

TARGET MARKETSApplications under development include batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors, lightweight structural components as well as electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio frequency interference (RFI), electro-static discharge (ESD), lightning strike and other functional and structural composite applications. End user markets are in aerospace, automotive, energy, marine, construction, electronics, medical, military and telecommunications markets.

ADDRESSAngstron Materials LLC1240 McCook Ave.DaytonUSAT: +1 9376727100

WEBwww.angstronmaterials.com

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Applied Graphene Materials plcSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a spinout from Durham University, incorporated in 2010. They have a patent for a new method of creating graphene in a reactor using chemical vapour deposition. Applied Graphene Materials has developed a proprietary “bottom up” process for the production of high specification graphene.

PRODUCTSThe company offers Graphene powder, including Graphene dispersions; and graphene films.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronic components• Energy-storage materials, such as capacitors and batteries, and optically transparent thin films• Advanced polymer nanocomposites to replace carbon fiber.

ADDRESSApplied Graphene Materials plcThe Wilton Centre, RedcarCleveland TS10 4RFUKT: +44 (0) 1642 438214

WEBwww.appliedgraphenematerials. com

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AR Brown Co. Ltd.STATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONThe company is a Japanese materials producer.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing graphene composites.

TARGET MARKETS• Composites• Automotive.

ADDRESSAR Brown Co. Ltd.Daini Marutaka Bldg., 7-13-8, GinzaChuo-kuTokyo 106-0061JapanT: +81-3-3545-2881

WEBwww.arbrown.com

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Archimedes Polymer Technolo-giesSTATUSMaterials producer.

DESCRIPTIONA.P.T Archimedes Polymer Technologies founded in 2008 is a specialist developer of nano composite materials in Cyprus . The company participates in EU nano research, mostly in the NMP programs and supplies nano materials in commercial quantities to specialised markets segments.

PRODUCTSThe company is a producer of graphene nanoplatelets.

TARGET MARKETS• Composites• Automotive.

ADDRESSArchimedes International6 VokolomantraPissouri Bay4607 LimassolCyprusT: +357 25 102960

WEBwww.archimedesinternational.eu

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Asbury CarbonsSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONAsbury Carbons, established in 1895 in NJ, US is the world’s largest independent processor and merchan-diser of graphite. Asbury mines, refines, and markets graphite and a broad array of carbon-based prod-ucts.

PRODUCTSAsbury produces graphene and also sells natural graphite to companies involved with graphene.

TARGET MARKETSAll end user markets for graphene.

ADDRESSAsbury Carbons405 Old Main Street Asbury, NJ 08802United StatesT: +1 (908) 537-2155

WEBwww.asbury.com

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BASF AGSTATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONBASF is one of the world’s leading chemical companies. Its portfolio ranges from oil and gas to chemicals, plastics, performance products, agricultural products and fine chemicals. Sales in the fourth quarter of 2012 were €19.6 billion.

PRODUCTSBASF and Vorbeck Materials Corp. have a joint research program to develop graphene-based formula-tions and composite materials. At BASF graphene and graphene materials are currently being studied for several potential fields of application. The company has set up a graphene technology platform aiming at the systematic investigation of this new carbon material fabricated either by top-down or bottom-up procedures. In 2012, BASF and the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research (MPI-P) opened a joint research and development platform, the Carbon Materials Innovation Center (CMIC). The total invest-ment for the joint research and development platform amounts to €10 million. The cooperation is initially scheduled to run for three years.

TARGET MARKETS• Electrically conductive coating and compounds for the electronics industry• Batteries.

ADDRESSBASF AGCarl-Bosch-Str. 38. LudwigshafenOH 67063GermanyT: +49 6216078780

WEBwww.basf.com

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Bluestone Global TechSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONBluestone Global Tech (BGT), established in 2011, is involved in mass production of high-quality gra-phene.

PRODUCTSGrat-FilmThe company provides large-area graphene films, as large as 24 in x 300 in, and single-crystal graphene with a domain size as large as 200 micrometers.

Grat-Power™An advanced battery anode product, Grat-PowerTM SiGP, offers performance improvements – 5x the capacity of existing graphitic anodes, and can increase the cell capacity by 20% or more, depending on the cathode materials.

TARGET MARKETSAdvanced displays, flexible electronics, and energy storage materials.

ADDRESSBluestone Global Tech169 Myers Corners RdSuite 210Wappingers Falls, NY 12590USAT: +1 (845) 632-6326

WEBhttp://bluestonegt.com

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Cabot CorporationSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCabot Corporation is a global specialty chemicals and performance materials company, headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts. The company is a leading provider of rubber and specialty carbons, activated carbon, inkjet colorants, cesium formate drilling fluids, fumed silica, aerogel and elastomer composites.

PRODUCTSCabot Corp. launched in 2013 LITX™ G700, a graphene-based additive for high energy density lithium-ion battery applications. The LITX G700 conductive additive is a graphene-based additive designed for use in electric vehicle and high-end consumer electronics in which better driving range and longer run times are critical performance features. This new additive is designed to deliver the conductivity needed to achieve very high energy densities in lithium-ion batteries at ultra-low loadings in comparison to conventional additives. Less loading or volume allocated to conductive additives enables more volume to be available for energy storage materials. As a result, the LITX G700 graphene-based additive delivers step change performance in conductivity at ultra-low loadings and is easily incorporated into battery electrodes.

TARGET MARKETS• Energy storage materials.

ADDRESSCabot Corporation2 Seaport Lane, Suite 1300Boston, MA 02210USAT: +1 (617) 342-6090

WEBwww.cabotcorp.com

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California Lithium Battery STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCalifornia Lithium Battery (“CALBattery”) is a start-up California company established in 2011 to develop and manufacture a breakthrough high energy density and long cycle life lithium battery for utility energy storage, transportation, and defense industries. The company is a joint venture between California-based Ionex Energy Storage Systems and CALiB Power.

PRODUCTSThe company produces a GEN3 silicon graphene composite anode material for lithium ion batteries. US production of this advanced Very Large Format (400Ah+) si-graphene LI-ion battery is scheduled to start in California in 2014. Plans are to produce the initial batteries for CALBattery JV partner Ionex Energy Storage Systems for use in 1-100MW grid scale energy storage applications essential for wide-scale re-newable energy integration in California and throughout the world. In February 2013, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory and CalBattery signed a licensing agreement for an Argonne-developed, silicon-graphene composite anode material for high-energy lithium batteries.

TARGET MARKETS• Portable electronics, grid energy storage systems and electric vehicle (EV) applications.

ADDRESSCalifornia Lithium BatteryLos Angeles Cleantech Incubator411 So. Hewitt St.Los Angeles, CA 90013USAT: +1 5622431800

WEBwww.clbattery.com

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Cambridge Graphene Platform Ltd. STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCambridge Graphene Platform (CGP) was established in March 2013 as a spin-off from Cambridge Univer-sity to commercialize graphene inks based on research work at Cambridge University.

PRODUCTSCGP is developing a scalable and cost-effective method of graphene (and other layered nanomaterials) ink production based on a liquid phase exfoliation technology that turns graphite into graphene in a water-based solution (without chemicals such as organic acids and without thermal treatment). As CGP do not start with Graphene Oxide, this results in graphene inks with superior properties without chemical contamination. The company has a partnership with Nissha Printing Co., Ltd. to develop conductive ink products.

TARGET MARKETS• Conductive inks.

ADDRESSCambridge Graphene Platform Ltd.St. John’s Innovation CentreCowley Rd, Cambridge CB4 0WSUnited KingdomT: +44 1223 96 9009

WEBwww.grapheneplatform.co.uk

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Carbon Solutions, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCarbon Solutions, Inc. produces chemically processed carbon nanotube materials. Its products include AP-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), which are synthesized using Ni/Y catalyst; P2-SWNTs that are purified by air oxidation and treated to remove the catalyst; P3-SWNTs, which are purified with nitric acid and left in functionalized form; and P5-SWNTs that are derivatized with octadecylamine to give solubility in organic solvents. The company’s products also include P7-SWNTs, which are derivatized with polyethyleneglycol to give water solubility; P8-SWNTs that are derivatized with m-polyaminobenzene sul-fonic acid to give water solubility; and P9-SWNTs, which are functionalized with amide groups to disperse in DMF, alcohols, acetone, and water by ultrasonication. It also offers specialty chemical manufacturing in various aspects of carbon science. The company sells products directly, as well as through chemical wholesalers. Carbon Solutions, Inc. was founded in 1998 and is based in Riverside, California.

PRODUCTSThe company produces Graphene oxide for $150/g.


ADDRESSCarbon Solutions, Inc.1200 Columbia Ave.Riverside, CA 92507USAT: +1 (951) 682-5620

WEBhttp://carbonsolution.com

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China Carbon Graphite Group STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company manufactures and sells graphite-based products in China.

PRODUCTSCCG’s products include graphite electrodes, fine grain graphite blocks and high purity graphite. The com-pany is also developing graphene with a Chinese Research Institute.


ADDRESSXinghe Xingyong Carbon Co., Ltd.787 Xicheng Wai, Chengguan Town Xinghe CountyInner MongoliaChina, 013650T: +1 6265896525

WEBwww.chinacarboninc.com

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CrayoNanoSTATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCrayoNano was spun-off from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU).

PRODUCTSThe company are commercializing a new technology to grow gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires on gra-phene using molecular beam epitaxy. The new hybrid electrode material offers excellent optoelectronic properties.

TARGET MARKETS• Photovoltaics• Light emitting diodes (LED)• Thermoelectrics• Piezoelectrics.

ADDRESSCrayoNano AS Otto Nielsens vei 12 NO-7052 Trondheim Norway T: (+47) 40 22 65 51

WEBhttp://crayonano.com

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CVD Equipment CorporationSTATUSEquipment manufacturuer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCVD Equipment Corporation is a designer and manufacturer of standard and custom state-of-the-art equipment used in the development, design and manufacture of advanced electronic components, materials and coatings for research and industrial applications. It offers a broad range of chemical vapor deposition, gas control, and other equipment that is used by customers to research, design and manu-facture semiconductors, solar cells, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, LEDs, MEMS, industrial coatings and equipment for surface mounting of components onto printed circuit boards. It also operates an Applica-tion Laboratory, which develops and manufactures a range of nano and CVD based materials and devel-ops related processes and manufacturing solutions.

PRODUCTSThe company produces Chemical Vapor Deposited (CVD) Graphene products, including large-area single layer graphene films grown on copper foils or copper-coated wafers. These are sold and marketed via Graphene Laboratories, Inc. with the CVDGraphene™ trademark.

TARGET MARKETSCVD grown Graphene is projected to be used for production of Graphene-based electronics, sensors, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), solar batteries, etc.

ADDRESSCVD Equipment Corporation1860 Smithtown AvenueRonkonkoma, NY 11779USAT: +1 6319817081

WEBwww.CVDequipment.com

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Directa PlusSTATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONDirecta Plus SPA is a technology company pursuing the development of innovative manufacturing pro-cesses for the production of engineered carbon nano-structures (G+process) and metal nano-structures (D+ process). The company was founded in February 2005. Company demonstration units are located in Lomazzo and in Ulm (Baden, Württemberg, Germany).

PRODUCTSThe company has develped a G+process for the produciton of graphene. Two commercial agreements with Reda Group (LED and lighting) and Vittoria Group (car tires).• BASIC G+: Super-expanded graphite• ULTRA G+: Powder manageability• LIQUID G+: Several solvents and concentrations• PURE G+: Dry nanoplatelets.

TARGET MARKETS• Composites• LED and lighting• Automotive (Car tires).

ADDRESSDIRECTA PLUS S.p.A.c/o Comonext Science ParkVia Cavour 222074 Lomazzo (Co) - ItalyT: +390236714400

WEBwww.directa-plus.com

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Enerage, Inc./GraphageSTATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONEnerage Inc. was founded in California in 2004 and established in Tao-Yuan, Taiwan in 2005. The team combines the specialists in material science, electrochemistry and electric technology and has developed own core technologies in the fields of nano-materials, polymer membranes and graphene materials etc.

PRODUCTSThe company produces:• Graphene aqueous suspensions• Multi-layer graphene• Graphene organic suspension• Few layer graphene.

TARGET MARKETS• Energy.

ADDRESSEnerage Inc. 314 E. Live Oak Ave., ArcadiaCA 91006 U.S.A.T: +1 626-462-0186

WEBwww.graphene.com.twwww.enerage.com

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Epi-Lab sp. z.o.o.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONEpi-lab sp. z o.o. is a semiconductor epitaxy company set up in 2011 as a progressive initiative to enhance research, innovation and enterprise in the semiconductor sector and develop cutting-edge technology. The company is a spin-out from the Institute of Electronic Materials Technology (ITME).

PRODUCTSEpi-lab sp. z o.o. meets market expectations by supplying exceptionally high quality graphene manu-factured on both SiC and metallic substrates using a chemical vapour deposition facility (CVD). Depend-ing on the requirements of clients, it fulfills orders for both standard and highly sophisticated epitaxial structures of different designs, complexity and sizes ranging from 2 to 4 inches. Apart from having a wide range of applications in industry, the fabricated products also serve specific R&D needs of customers all around the world.

TARGET MARKETS• Semiconductors • Electronics• Graphene materials engineering• Academic and industrial research.

ADDRESSEpi-Lab sp. z.o.o.Wolczynska 13301-919WarsawPolandT: (+48) 509 790 946

WEBwww.epi-lab.com

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Focus Graphite Inc. STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFocus Graphite Inc. is a Canadian junior explorer and owner of the 16% carbon grade Lac Knife crystalline flake graphite deposit located in the Côte Nord region of Quebec.

PRODUCTSFocus Graphite is a 40% shareholder in GRAFOID Inc., a privately-held joint venture, to develop and ac-quire patent applications, secure intellectual property and develop graphene applications.


ADDRESSFocus Graphite Inc. Suite 912, 130 Albert StreetOttawaK1P 5G4CanadaT: +1 61 3691 1091

WEBwww.focusgraphite.com

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Fujitsu Laboratories STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFujitsu is a computing and communications products and advanced microelectronics company. Fujitsu Laboratories was founded in 1968 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu Limited, and conducts a wide range of basic and applied research in the areas of Multimedia, Personal Systems, Networks, Peripherals, Advanced Materials and Electronic Devices.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing various applications of nano-carbon materials-such as carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, CNT interconnects, and CNT-graphene composites-for semiconductor electronics. The company has combined carbon nanotubes and graphene to self-form a new nanoscale carbon com-posite, at the relatively low temperature of 510 degrees Celsius.

TARGET MARKETS• Energy• Semiconductors and electronics.

ADDRESSFujitsu Laboratories4-1-1 KamikodanakaNakahara-kuKawasaki-shiKanagawa 211-8588Japan

WEBhttp://jp.fujitsu.com/group/labs/en

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Garmor, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is licensing technology developed by University of Central Florida NanoScience Technology Center chemist Richard Blair to produce graphene.

PRODUCTSThe company uses milling technology to produce graphene oxide yielding only water as a by-product. Garmor’s manufacturing technology has been designed to tailor the oxidation level so that it can be uniquely matched to a given application. For example, Garmor’s moderately oxidized, edge-functional-ized graphene oxide is fully dispersible in water and can be deposited in thin films. This offers the poten-tial for improved electronic displays, solar cells, water-based lubricants, and various hydrophilic polymer composites.

TARGET MARKETS• Adsorbent• Lubricant• Corrosion inhibition• Electrodes• Transistors• Composites.

ADDRESSCorporate Office618 E. South Street, Suite 500Orlando, Florida 32801U.S.A.T: +1 407-992-6176

WEBhttp://garmortech.com

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Grafen Chemical IndustriesSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGrafoid, Inc. is a privately held Canadian corporation investing in graphene applications and economical-ly scalable production processes for meso-graphene and its graphene derivatives from raw, unprocessed, graphite ore.

PRODUCTSCore business development activities are built around the transformation of graphite into graphene on a commercial scale using primarily raw, unprocessed graphite ore from Focus Metals’ Lac Knife graphite deposit.

TARGET MARKETS• Aerospace• Composites.

ADDRESSGrafoid, Inc. 912-130 Albert StreetOttawa, OntarioK1P 5G4CanadaT: +1 613 9092209

WEBhttp://grafoid.com

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Graphene Nanochem PLCSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene NanoChem Plc was formerly Biofutures International Plc. Biofutures is the parent company of Zurex Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (“Zurex”), a company incorporated in Malaysia. Zurex owns and operates a 200,000 metric tones per annum palm oil refinery in Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia and has a licence to manufacture biodiesel from palm oil.

PRODUCTSPlatinum produces:• Graphene from methane, created from palm oil waste, by a patented system known as ‘Catalyx’.• Drilling fluids, created from palm oil waste, used in the extraction of shale gas together with high performance ‘green’ lubricants incorporating Graphene, manufactured by a patented system known as ‘Simplat’.• Plastics incorporating Graphene.• Second Generation biofuel created from palm oil waste (rather than foodstuffs) which is sold in both Malaysia and Europe to be blended with diesel to meet current Malaysian and EU environmental targets.

Zurex produces• Refined palm oil• (wef from 2014) Second Generation biofuel created from palm oil waste.

Graphene Nanochem has research and production facilities to produce Graphene and a 200,000 tonne per annum methyl esters production facility at its High Technology Biopark in Senawang, Negeri Sem-bilan, Peninsular Malaysia in which it invested RM180 million ($36 million) and the Zurex (BIP) 200,000 tonne palm oil refinery at a 14 acre site at the POIC in Lahad Datu built at a cost of $9.5 million. The size and location of the Lahad Datu Site provides a significant opportunity for expansion of the Group and the Group plans to integrate the SimPlat Process at the Lahad Datu Site by 2014.

TARGET MARKETS• Semiconductors • Electronics• Graphene materials engineering• Academic and industrial research.

ADDRESSGraphene Nanochem PLCUnit A-11-05 & A-11-06Menara UOA Bangsar No 5Jalan Bangsar Utama 1Kuala Lumpur, 59000Malaysia

WEBwww.graphenenanochem.com

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GRAnPH NanotecSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is an alliance of Grupo Antolin Ingenieria and the University of Alicante.

PRODUCTSThe company produces grapheme oxide from Helical Ribbon Carbon Nanofibers via a patented method.

TARGET MARKETS• Solar cells and touch panels: graphene offers advantages over ITO, like higher chemical stability and flexibility• Batteries: increasing the effectiveness of Lithium-ion batteries• Supercapacitors• High frequency devices• Nanocomposites and structural materials• Coatings• Chemical sensors and drug delivery.

ADDRESSGRAnPH NanotecCtra. Madrid-Irún km. 244,8BurgosE09007 SpainT: +34947477700

WEBwww.graftech.com

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Graphenano s.l.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphenenano is a Spanish company who commercializes graphene products and nanofibers with a new production method, all at large-scale production.

PRODUCTSProducts include graphene sheets, graphene wires, graphene powder, graphene oxide, graphene in 3D, carbon nanofiber.

TARGET MARKETS• Solar cells and touch panels• Batteries: increasing the effectiveness of Lithium-ion batteries• Transistors• Supercapacitors.

ADDRESSGraphenano s.l.Pablo Casal, 1330510 YECLASpainT: +34 605371257

WEBwww.graphenano.com

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Graphene Devices, Ltd.STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Devices uses processes that UB chemist Sarbajit Banerjee, an assistant professor, developed with graduate students Vincent Lee, Luisa Whittaker, Robert Dennis and Brian Schultz. In exchange for eq-uity in the business, the university licensed to Graphene Devices the production processes Banerjee de-veloped. One patent is pending on the technology, and an application for a second patent is in process.

PRODUCTSGDL has invented and created intellectual property for a variety of its own graphene technologies called GRIDS™ (Graphene Intermediate Dispersion System). GDL is focused on the development of low cost manufacturing methods for graphene dispersions and its surface functionalization. The technology goal of GDL is to optimize the suspension and dispersion of its proprietary graphene in various liquids for ease of incorporation into a variety of materials and composites. Development of graphene inks, polymers, and energy storage device components have been underway since GDL’s inception.These efforts have been supported by the UB CAT, NY State, and Federal funding.

TARGET MARKETS• Aerospace• Coatings• Composites• Energy• Military

ADDRESSCon tact [email protected]

WEBhttp://graphenedev.com

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Graphene Energy, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Energy, Inc. was founded in 2008. The technology is licensed from The University of Texas at Austin and The College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia.

PRODUCTSThe company is seeking to commercialize chemically modified graphene (CMG) ultra-capacitors for en-ergy storage based on graphene for electrode materials. The company uses a chemical-based method to produce graphene with thickness of 2nm to 10nm.


ADDRESSGraphene Energy, Inc.7217 McNeil Dr, Suite 108AustinTX 78729USAT: +1 5127407941

WEBwww.grapheneenergy.net

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103

Graphene FrontiersSTATUSThe company specialize in large area CVD graphene production and graphene-based sensor applications.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Frontiers is a spin-out from the University of Pennsylvania, developing methods to produce large area graphene on an industrial scale. According to the company Graphene Frontiers has solved the problems of scale: CVD Graphene films can now be mass-produced and transferred to nearly any substrate. Graphene Frontiers’ patent pending method for low cost production and etch-free transfer of graphene films will disrupt multi-billion dollar markets including sensors, energy storage, and flexible electronics.

PRODUCTSProjects under development include: Conductive coatings on solar cells and display technologies; gra-phene added to acrylics used in the windshields and windows of fighter planes. The graphene additive could strengthen the acrylics and shield against electromagnetic interference; nano-magnesium-gra-phene alloy for use as strong, lightweight structural materials and armor; graphene coatings for medical devices.

Product Description Applications

GF-2046 Micro-electronic grade conduc-tive film loaded on silicon wafer

Memory components, bio-sen-sors, IR detector, RF electronics

GF-3012 Transparent conductive film loaded on transparent glass slides

ITO Replacement

GF-1025 Electron microscopy sample support

On market

TEM grids and CVD graphene materials are available via channel partners. Sensor products are in proto-type phase. The company are a white label manufacturer for two major distributors and provide custom solutions for industry partners.

TARGET MARKETS• Material: transparent, flexible barrier films and conductors • Sensors: biosensors (diagnostics).

ADDRESSGraphene Frontiers3160 Chestnut StreetPhiladelphia, PA USAT: +1 2155738196

WEBwww.graphenefrontiers.com

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104

Graphene Industries Ltd.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Industries is a spinout from Manchester University. Flakes, membranes and devices are pro-duced under class 100 clean room conditions.

PRODUCTSGraphene Industries supply development grade samples of graphene with lateral dimensions of the or-der of 100μm on silicon substrates, processed into devices such as Hall bar geometries, ultrasensitive gas sensors or suspended from metallic scaffolding for use as support films in electron microscopy applica-tions.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics and optics applications. Examples include: high frequency transistors, photodiodes, trans-parent conductive coatings for touch screens and displays.

ADDRESSGraphene Industries Ltd.24 Ellerslie CourtUpper Park RoadManchesterM14 5RHUKT: +44 161 408 4048

WEBhttp://grapheneindustries.comhttp://grapheneresearch.com

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105

Graphene Platform STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s business focus is providing high-quality material to researchers. They are a subsidiary of iTRIX Corporation.

PRODUCTS• CVD-Grown Graphene- Single-layer on Copper foil- Multilayer on Nickel foil

• Graphene on PET/ Glass/SiO2- Single-layer- Single-layer laminted- Multilayer


ADDRESSGraphene Platform, Inc.9595 Six Pines Dr., Suite 8210 #291 The WoodlandsTX 77380USA

WEBhttp://grapheneplatform.com

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106

Graphene SquareSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a spin-out from the Graphene Research Lab at Seoul National University.

PRODUCTSThe company produces 50x50 monolayer graphene thin films on Cu foil for $263 per kg and PET thin film for $819 per kg. They also produce graphene oxide. Graphene Square currently markets products in three different areas.

1. Using state-of-the-art chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods developed in-house, Graphene Square offers the highest quality graphene samples currently on the market. In addition to the standard samples available online, Graphene Square can also fabricate custom samples and end-equipment proto-types tailored to the customer’s own specification.

2. For researchers who want to synthesize their own graphene samples, Graphene Square markets a low-cost thermal CVD system that allows the users to easily begin synthesizing their own large-area, high-quality graphene samples in a lab environment. Graphene Square also provides training seminars covering the current best practices for graphene growth and transfer. Graphene Square can also build custom CVD systems to the customer’s own specification.

3. Graphene Square provides general consulting services and also licenses technology from its extensive patent portfolio. Areas covered include: graphene synthesis, transfer to various substrates, patterning of graphene, other mass production techniques, and future applications.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Energy• Coatings• Nanocomposites.

ADDRESSGraphene SquareBldg. 503-326, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-guSeoul 151-742South KoreaT: +82-2-880-6569

WEBwww.graphenesq.com

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107

Graphene TechnologiesSTATUSThe company are still in the R&D stage, both in applications and synthesis technology.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Technologies (GT) is located in Novato, California, USA. GT was founded in late 2009 to pursue development of a graphene synthesis technology discovered by the founders in 2009. This technology utilizes carbon-dioxide as its primary feedstock and produces exceptionally small, few layer graphene. The GT synthesis process is now scaled and operating at a pilot commercial scale. GT has filed several patents on its synthesis technology and related technologies. The company has twelve full time employ-ees and contractors and is supported by strong partnerships in academic research and with corporations in several relevant markets.

PRODUCTSGraphene Technologies has developed and patented a technology for synthesizing graphene through the combustion of magnesium and carbon dioxide, providing an inexpensive and chemically pristine alternative to graphene sourced from mined graphite. Additionally, this process allows the company to produce several different morphologies of graphene. Graphene Technologies intends to use its superior synthesis technology as a platform upon which to develop graphene-based applications. Products in-clude small and large-flake graphene powder, functionalized or unfunctionalized. They currently provide these products only to corporate R&D partners.

TARGET MARKETS• Chemical/catalytic and Polymer systems.

ADDRESSGraphene Technologies31-G Commercial BoulevardNovato, California 94949USAT: +1 415-883-7147

WEBwww.graphenetechnologies.com

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108

Graphene Works, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphene Works, Inc. produces epitaxial graphene grown on SiC. The company was founded by Walt de Heer (CEO) and Edward Conrad.

PRODUCTSThe company produces graphene film with thickness of <1nm to 5nm based on a method for reduction of silicon carbide to substrate links graphene films.


ADDRESSGraphene Works508 Claire Dr NE Atlanta, GA 30307 USAT: +1 678439 935

WEBwww.grapheneworks.com

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109

GraphenetechSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONEficiencia Energética Aplicada S.L. (EEA) is a technology-based company founded in 2009. EEA started its business activity in energy services. Currently, one of the main activities of EAA is dedicated to research and development in graphene, under the trade name Graphenetech.

PRODUCTSGraphenetech has developed a top-down process of graphite exfoliation that allows production of nano-graphite / graphene of different qualities. Its use can improve mechanical properties, thermal and electri-cal conductivity or barrier properties among others. http://graphene-tech.net/en/productos-5/

TARGET MARKETS Products can be used as a load in polymers, paints, coatings, ink and other composite materials.

ADDRESSEficiencia Energética AplicadaCEEI ARAGÓN, Nave 1C/María de Luna 1150018 ZaragozaSPAINT: +34 976 248 137

WEBhttp://graphene-tech.net/en/

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110

Graphenea NanomaterialsSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company was founded in 2010 as a joint venture of private investors and nanoGUNE (www.nano-gune.eu). The company partner with industry leaders (Nokia, Philips, Intel, etc.) for applications develop-ment.

PRODUCTSThe company sell bilayer graphene, monolayer graphene, trilayer graphene and graphene oxide. A full list is available at www.graphenea.com/collections/graphene-products.They have two different lines:1. Graphene films: High Quality CVD graphene. Price for low-volume orders is around 10 EUR/cm2

2. Graphene powder: Graphene Oxide/reduced Graphene Oxide. Price for low-volume is 99 EUR/gramProduction capacity is:Films: 100,000 cm2/yearPowder: 100 Kg/year

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Optoelectronics• Solar cells• Biomedical devices• Energy storage.

ADDRESSGraphenea NanomaterialsTolosa Hiribidea, 76 E-20018 Donostia - San Sebastián SpainT: +34 943 57 40 53

WEBwww.graphenea.com

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Graphensic ABSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGraphensic, established in March 2012, is a spin-off from the Linköping University.

PRODUCTSThe company aims to produce single layer graphene on hexagonal silicon carbide for the electronic equipment market, and related markets. Graphensic’s technology uses a high temperature process to produce epitaxial graphene on SiC. The high temperature provides better uniformity.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Energy.

ADDRESSGraphensicMjärdevi Science Park, Teknikringen 7SE-58330 LinköpingSwedenT: +46 13 282528

WEBwww.graphensic.com

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112

GraphosSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONItalian start-up producing Graphos Sol-G or G-Ink.

PRODUCTSGraphos Sol-G and Graphos G-Ink consist on high quality graphene material suspend in water. The low amounts of exfoliating agent, less than 1%, maintain unaltered the properties of the pristine graphene. No oxidation processes are involved on the production of Graphos Sol-G or G-Ink.

With a lateral size up to 30 µm and concentration of 4.0 mg/ml, Sol-G & G-Ink can be used on wide appli-cation range. Sheet resistance of 15 Ω/square with thickness lower than 50 µm were measured on filtered paper; while 14 kΩ/square and 65% visible light transmittance are attainable on flexible transparent plastic film.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Energy.

ADDRESSGRAPHOS in collaboration withAMBROGI SASVia Goldoni, 440033 Casalecchio di Reno (BO) – ItalyT: +39 347 1576397

WEBwww.graphene.it

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113

Group NanoXplore Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONGNI is a Montreal-based nanomaterials research and development services company specializing in gra-phene, advanced graphene materials and carbon nanotube technologies, including R&D for the produc-tion of graphene coatings for consumer electronics, security and graphene-based RF packaging applica-tions. GNI works on a contractual basis with manufacturers in cooperation with its academic partners.

PRODUCTSThe company is a producer of graphene powder.

TARGET MARKETS• Coatings• Composites• Electronics.

ADDRESSGroup NanoXplore Inc.1001 Rue Lenoir, Suite A-229,Montreal, QCH4C 2Z6, CANADAT: +1 514 276 9889

WEBhttp://nanoxplore.ca

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114

Hanwha ChemicalSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONHanwha Chemical is part of the Hanwha Group of companies headquartered in Seoul, Korea. Hanwha is one of the largest conglomerates in Korea, with sales of more than $25 billion. They produce chemicals, munitions, plastics and similar materials for aerospace, automotive and consumer goods industries, with facilities throughout Asia and in North America.

PRODUCTSIn 2011, the company purchased a 19 percent stake in XG Sciences for US$3 million.

TARGET MARKETS• Conductive filler for compound & paint (Electrical & Thermal)• Additive for electromagnetic shielding.

ADDRESSHanwha Chemical Corporation 1 Jangyo-Dong Jung-GuSeoul 100-797KoreaT: 82 2 729 2922

WEBwww.hcc.hanwha.co.kr

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115

Harbin Mulan STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONHarbin Mulan was established in 2000 and is engaged in the sale of carbon and graphite materials.

PRODUCTSThe company is providing monolayer flake graphene oxide, monolayer graphene ultra-fine powder, gra-phene nanoplatelets, graphene oxide membrane (thin film), graphene solution (dispersible in water, DMF solvent), carboxyl graphene, aminated graphene and thiol graphene.

TARGET MARKETS• Composites• Coating and paints• Electronics.

ADDRESSHarbin Mulan Foreign Economic And Trade CompanyNo.431,45-2 Bldg.Red-flag Example New district HarbinChina.150056T: +86 45182379878

WEBwww.sino-graphite.com

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116

Harper International Corp.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONHarper International’s core business is thermal processing solutions, as well as technical services for the production of advanced materials.

PRODUCTSThe company offers commercial scale up facilities for graphene production, namely thermal processing.

TARGET MARKETS• Composites• Coating and paints• Electronics.

ADDRESSHarper International Corp.100 West Drullard AveLancaster, NY 14086-1698USAT: +1 716-684-7400

WEBwww.harperintl.com/materials/graphene/

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117

Haydale LimitedSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONHaydale is a wholly owned subsidiary of Innovative Carbon Limited.

PRODUCTSThe company has a patented plasma based production technology for scaleable production of Graphene Nano Platelets. The offer a range of GNPs and other materials under the brand HDPlas™. Haydale is cur-rently producing one ton per annum of Graphene and is investing millions to scale up to produce ton per annum to facilitate industrial commercialisation of graphene enabled intermediates and products.HDPlas™ is the retail Outlet for Haydale’s Split Plasma refined nanomaterials.

TARGET MARKETS• Composites• Electronics.

ADDRESSHaydale LimitedECM2 Heol Cefn Gwrgan, Margam Port TalbotUKT: 01639864740

WEBwww.haydale.comwww.hdplas.com

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118

HRL Laboratories, LLC STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONHRL Laboratories, LLC is a corporate research-and-development laboratory owned by The Boeing Com-pany and General Motors specializing in research into sensors and materials, information and systems sci-ences, applied electromagnetics, and microelectronics. HRL provides custom research and development and performs additional R&D contract services for its LLC member companies, the U.S. government, and other commercial companies. The company is developing graphene carbon to create electronic compo-nents for application in high-bandwidth communications, imaging and radar systems.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing graphene field-effect transistors (FETs) using epitaxial graphene film operat-ing in the radio frequency (RF) range. The goal is to develop a new generation of carbon-based radio-frequency integrated circuits for ultra-high-speed, ultra-low-power applications.

TARGET MARKETS• Military and defense• Semiconductors and electronics.

ADDRESSHRL Laboratories, LLCUSA3011 Malibu Canyon RoadMalibuCA 90265-4797 USAT: +1 3103175000

WEBwww.hrl.com

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119

IBM Corporation STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONIBM is a multinational computer technology and IT consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and offers infra-structure services, hosting services, and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology.

PRODUCTSIBM has been researching graphene based-transistors, but do not currently view it as an acceptable re-placement for silicon. IBM has demonstrated a 155GHz graphene transistor.


ADDRESSIBM Corporation 1 New Orchard RoadArmonk, New York 10504-1722USAT: +1 9144991900

WEBwww.research.ibm.com

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120

Incubation Alliance Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONIncubation Alliance.,Inc is a Japanese Manufacturing Company, who mass synthesizes graphene flower and graphene tubes. The company has a mass production technology to synthesize graphene flower and graphene tube, the InALA method.

PRODUCTSIncubation Alliance Inc. has used a proprietary high-speed CVD process to successfully mass synthesize graphene without the use of substrates, catalysts, or stripping.1) “GRAPHENEFLOWER” (registered trademark) is a mass of graphene that has been grown into individual flower pedal shapes, which together form a unified mass of graphene. GRAPHENE FLOWER dispersions are composed of graphene that has been finely powdered while suppressing the adhesion of the graphene by placing masses of GRAPHENEFLOWER in an organic solvent and storing the powder in the solvent.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Energy • Composites.

ADDRESSIncubation Alliance Inc.1-2-25-D-307,Wadayama-Dori, Hyogo-Ku,Kobe CityHyogo PrefJapan652-0884T: +81-78-651-1332

WEBwww.incu-alliance.co.jp

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121

InnopheneSTATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2011, the company is focused on the Organic and Printed Electronic business with the pat-ented technology on “Oxygen-free Graphene Conductive Ink”.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing PHENE graphene conductive inks.

TARGET MARKETS• RFID Industry • Electronic and mobile Components• Smart Objects Industry including smart card application, E-book• Alternative Energy such as Solar cell and Battery industry • Medical device Industry, focused on bio-sensors application.

ADDRESSInnophene Company Limited501/1 SoiSoonvijai 4, Rama 9 Rd., HuayKwang,Bangkok, 10310 ThailandT: +66(0) 2716 8787

WEBhttp://innophene.com

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Intel Corporation STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONIntel Corporation is the world’s largest semiconductor chipmaker, based on revenues.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing epitaxial graphene films for interference devices.


ADDRESSIntel Corporation2200 Mission College Blvd, Santa Clara USAT: +1 4087658080

WEBwww.intel.com

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123

Nanjing JCNanoSTATUSMaterials producers

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONChina-based graphene producer..

PRODUCTSThe company produces and supplies several carbon based materials, including graphene, graphene oxide, graphite oxide and carboxyl graphene. The company started producing graphene in 2009 using a CVD process.

TARGET MARKETS• Various.

ADDRESSNo.241 JianNing road210015 Nanjing JiangSu ProvinceChina

WEBwww.jcno.net

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NanoInnova Technologies SL STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoInnova Technologies SL is a spin-off company of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. NanoInnova Technologies designs, develops and commercializes Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) instruments for bottom up graphene synthesis and chemically modified graphene.

PRODUCTSA range of raw materials such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, Palladium (0) nanoparticles supported in reduced graphene oxide, etc, are part of the Nanoinnova Technologies SL portfolio. Na-noinnova Technologies SL is involved in the development and commercialization of new catalyst for fine chemical transformations such as cross coupling reactions, nanostructured modification of electrodes, new stationary phases in purification and new supports and functionalities of biomolecules.

TARGET MARKETS• Electronics• Biomedical.

ADDRESSNanoinnova Technologies SL Parque Científico de Madrid. C/ Faraday,7 28049 Madrid SpainT: +34 659 31 82 95

WEBwww.nanoinnova.com

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125

NanoIntegris STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoIntegris is a producer of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The company is a spin-out from the Hersam Research Group at Northwestern University.

PRODUCTSIn 2010, NanoIntegris expanded its product line to include solution processed graphene (PureSheetsTM).

TARGET MARKETSPureSheetsTM are being employed for a variety of technologies including thin film transistors, transparent conductors, infrared devices, biosensors, catalysts, solar cells, and water purification systems.

ADDRESSNanoIntegris8025 Lamon AvenueSuite 43Skokie, IL 60077USAT: +1-847-679-0667

WEBwww.nanointegris.com

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126

NanoSperse LLC STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of nanomaterials including nanoclays and nanotubes. The company develops polymer composites based on functionalized nanomaterials, including graphene nanoplatelets, for ap-plications needing thermal and electrical conductivity.

PRODUCTSThe company provides design/development/supply of nano-enhanced resins for proprietary customer applications. They provide masterbatches of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers in customer-speci-fied resins (thermoset, thermoplastic and elastomeric).

TARGET MARKETS• Composites.

ADDRESSNanoSperse LLC2000 Composite DriveKettering, Ohio 45420USAT: +1 9372965030

WEBwww.nanosperse.com

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127

Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc., was founded in 2001 and is involved in the research, pro-cessing, and marketing of nanostructured, ultrafine-structured and amorphous materials.

PRODUCTSThe company is a producer of graphene and graphene oxide.

TARGET MARKETS• Conductive plastics and inks.• Lubricant material in thermoplastics• Anti-static applications in polyurethane, plastics and resins• Coatings and paints• Automotive• Aerospace.

ADDRESSNanostructured & Amorphous Materials, Inc.16840 Clay Road, Suite #113HoustonTX 77084USAT: +1 2818586571

WEBwww.nanoamor.com

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128

National Nanomaterials STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s patented pending form of graphene, known as Graphenol™ adds OH or other functional molecules to increase the material’s bonding capability and dispersability.

PRODUCTSGraphenol is the tradename for a family of functionalized graphenes. In these compounds the edges of the graphene sheets have functional groups that allow chemistry to be performed at the edges allowing direct bonding to the polymer matrix. This functionalization also allows stable dispersions to be made in water or organic solvents without the need for surfactants. Graphenol can be supplied with amine, am-ide, ester, carboxylic, or hydroxyl functional groups. The product Is delivered as a dispersion in surfactant free water or Organic solvent as predominately single or double sheets.


ADDRESS15111 N. Hayden Rd., Ste 160, PMB 353ScottsdaleArizona 85260United StatesT: +1 (480) 624-2599

WEBhttp://nationalnanomaterials.com

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NChem USA STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of graphene pastes, N-doped graphene and graphene powder.

PRODUCTSN-GPaste is a silver-enhanced conductive paste for application in electronics. The company’s graphene powder can be used as lubricant and for preparation of conductive materials and masterbatches.


ADDRESSNChem USA5310 Derry Ave Suite HAgoura Hills, CA 91301USAT: +1 818-707-0115

WEBhttp://graphene-tech.org

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130

Ningbo Morsh Technology Co., Ltd. STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONIn 2012, Shanghai NanJiang (Group) invested 200 million Yuan to buy registered graphene industrializa-tion technology from the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE). This led to the formation of a new enterprise, co-sponsored by the NIMTE and the Nanjiang, Ningbo Morsh Technol-ogy Co., Ltd.

PRODUCTSThe company is planning to produce 300 tons of graphene/year.


ADDRESSNingbo Morsh Technology Co., Ltd.Cixi CityZhejiang Province Ci Dongbin Sea Days RoadChinaT: +86-574-27850877

WEBhttp://morsh.com.cn

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Nokia STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNokia Research Center (NRC) is chartered with exploring new frontiers for mobility, solving scientific challenges to transform the converging Internet and communications industries. NRC consists of a global research network with some 500 people operating from 13 locations worldwide: Berkeley, Cambridge, Hollywood, and Palo Alto, USA; Cambridge, UK; Lausanne, Switzerland; Helsinki and Tampere, Finland; Nairobi, Kenya; Bangalore, India and Beijing, Shenzhen in China.

PRODUCTSNOKIA Research Center, Eurolab, Cambridge UK is participating in the Graphene Flagship Programme. They are seeking to develop graphene for camera image sensors and other consumer electonics applicai-tons.


ADDRESSNRC Cambridge, UKBroers Building21 J J Thomson AvenueMadingley RoadCambridgeCB3 0FAUnited Kingdom

WEBhttp://research.nokia.com

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132

Ovation Polymers STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONOvation Polymers, Inc. manufactures polymer alloys, blends, coatings, additives, and composites. It offers polymer compounds for various applications, including electro-static control, thermal management, high performance composites, shielding technology, graphene polymer masterbatches, and performance masterbatches. The company also provides optical coatings and acrylate polymers; offers toll compound-ing services for other companies; and manufactures PET resin pellets made from recycled PET bottles, as well as PET and nylon black masterbatch products for fiber, film, and compounding applications.

PRODUCTSExTima™ GP is a graphene/polymer masterbatch family of compounds based on proprietary ExTima™ technology of Ovation Polymers. ExTima™ dispersion technology maximizes the effect of nano-materials; in this case graphite nano-platelets in polymer. This family of masterbatches easily blends and disperses using injection molding and extrusion processes while retaining the physical, structural, and thermal properties of the base polymer. Grades also available based on graphene platelet size. Customized grades available upon request to fit required material property needs.


ADDRESSOvation Polymers 1030 West Smith Road Medina, OH 44256 USAT: +1-866-99-OPTEM

WEBwww.opteminc.com

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PLANARTECHSTATUSEquipment provider.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company provides process and analytical equipment for 2D materials synthesis (graphene, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, etc.), as well as process equipment for other nanomaterials.

PRODUCTSThe planarGROW series of thermal CVD systems for graphene (and CNT growth with minor modifications) is a horizontal hot-wall reactor system. They offer three standard system configurations (planarGROW-2B, planarGROW-4S, and planarGROW-6E).

ADDRESSGwanghui Bld 303#186 Naeja-dong, Jongro-guSeoul 110-053 KoreaT: +82-2-598-7798

WEBwww.planartech.com

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POSCOSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONPOSCO, a Korean corporation, is one of the world’s largest steel producers. In addition to steel, POSCO operates a worldwide network of subsidiaries in energy, construction, logistics, mining and materials markets.

PRODUCTSPOSCO has a 20% stake in XG Sciences.

TARGET MARKETS• Conductive filler for compound & paint (Electrical & Thermal)• Additive for electromagnetic shielding.

ADDRESSPOSCO Center892 Daechi-4-dong, Gangnam-guSeoul 135-777South KoreaT: +82-2-3457-0975

WEBwww.posco.co.kr

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Quantum Materials Corpora-tionSTATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a manufacturer of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Smart Polymers and Zinc Oxide nano-materials.

PRODUCTSThe company is selling a number of graphene products under the QGraphene brand. Currently they are producing 1 Kg of graphene per day. They are upgrading their capacities to 40 Kilos per day in the next 6 months. Demand growth for their products has been around 150% in the past 18 months.


ADDRESSQuantum Materials Corporation#190, 2nd Floor, 9th Cross, HMT Layout, R.T. Nagar, Bangalore - 560 032 IndiaT: +91 80 4091 4091

WEBwww.quantum-materials.in

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Redex Nano STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONRedex Nano Lab is a manufacturer of carbon nanotubes and graphene.

PRODUCTSThe company offer RexSheet CVD graphene, graphene in solution, as well as graphene functionalized for mixing with epoxies and polymers.


ADDRESSRedex Technologies Private LtdHQ: Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P.Corporate House: C-270 Sec-63, Noida, U.P, 201301. Manufacturing Uint: E-53, South Side GT-Road, Industrial Area, Ghaziabad,U.P, 201001. IndiaT: +91- 0120 - 4545633

WEBwww.redexnano.com

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Samsung Electronics Co., LtdSTATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd. is a global leader in semiconductor, telecommunication, digital media and digital convergence technologies with 2011 consolidated sales of US$143.1 billion. Employing approxi-mately 206,000 people in 197 offices across 72 countries, the company operates two separate organiza-tions to coordinate its nine independent business units: Digital Media & Communications, comprising Visual Display, Mobile Communications, Telecommunication Systems, Digital Appliances, IT Solutions, and Digital Imaging; and Device Solutions, consisting of Memory, System LSI and LED.

PRODUCTSSamsung is collaborating with SungKyunKwan University of Korea in developing applications of gra-phene for consumer electronics. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology has developed a transistor structure utilizing graphene. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology owns 9 major patents related to the structure and the operating method of the Graphene Barristor.


ADDRESSSamsung Electronics Co., Ltd1320-10, Seocho 2-dong, Seocho-guSeoul 137-857South KoreaT: +82 222550114

WEBwww.samsung.com

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SanDisk Corporation STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONSanDisk Corporation is an American multinational corporation that designs, develops and manufactures data storage solutions in a range of form factors using the flash memory, controller and firmware tech-nologies.

PRODUCTSThe company has R&D in graphene for data storage applications. They have a number of patents in the area.


ADDRESSSanDisk Corporate Headquarters601 McCarthy Boulevard MilpitasCA 95035USA T: +1-408-801-1000

WEBwww.sandisk.com

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Sinocarbon Materials Technol-ogy Co., Ltd.STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONA branch company of Chinese Academy of Sciences.

PRODUCTSDevelops and sells various nanocarbon products including graphene powder, graphene oxide, modified graphene/DMF or ethanol suspension, etc.


ADDRESSNo.27 Taoyuan South Road, Taiyuan P.R. ChinaT: +86 3514049061

WEBwww.sinocarbon-cas.com

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SolanSTATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONUSA based developer of graphene PV solar cells and graphene manufacturing technology Technology is based on IP created by Dr. Feng Liu.

PRODUCTSSolan is developing efficient solar cells that employ lithographically defined carbon nanoribbons.


ADDRESS1245 Brickyard Rd84106 Salt Lake CItyUnited States

WEBwww.theritchiegroup.com/about.html

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Strem Chemicals STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONStrem Chemicals, Inc. established in 1964, is a privately–held company that manufactures and markets specialty chemicals of high purity. Its clients include academic, industrial and government research and development laboratories as well as commercial scale businesses in the pharmaceutical, microelectronic and chemical / petrochemical industries.

PRODUCTSThe company is producing graphene nanoplatelets. • Graphene film, monolayer, on copper foil (1cm x 1cm) • Carbon, Stacked Graphene Platelet Nanochips (SGNF heat treated) • Carbon, Stacked Graphene Platelet Nanofibers (acid washed) SGNF black pwdr.• Graphene nanoplatelets (6-8 nm thick x 5 microns wide) • Graphene nanoplatelets (6-8 nm thick x 15 microns wide) • Graphene nanoplatelets (6-8 nm thick x 25 microns wide)


ADDRESSStrem Chemicals, Inc. 7 Mulliken Way Newburyport, MA 01950-4098 USA T: +1 (978) 499 1600

WEBwww.strem.com

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Texas Instruments, Inc. STATUSApplications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONTexas Instruments, Inc. (TI) is the No. 3 manufacturer of semiconductors worldwide after Intel and Sam-sung, the No. 2 supplier of chips for cellular handsets after Qualcomm, and the No. 1 producer of digital signal processors (DSPs) and analog semiconductors.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing large-area monolayer graphene nanoplatelets for electronics applications.

TARGET MARKETS• Semiconductors and electronics.

ADDRESSTexas Instruments, Inc.12500 TI Boulevard Dallas, Texas P.O. Box 660199Dallas, TX 75266-0199.USAT: +1 972-995-2011

WEBwww.ti.com

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Thomas Swan & Co. STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThomas Swan & Co, is a manufacturer and supplier of high purity, single-wall CNTs.

PRODUCTSThe company has established a 4-year, £625,000 deal with the Centre for Research on Adaptive Nano-structures & Nanodevices at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland, to collaborate on industrial scale-up of con-sistent, high purity graphene production.


ADDRESSThomas Swan & Co. Ltd.Rotary WayConsettCounty DurhamUKDH8 7NDT: +44 (0) 1207 505131

WEBwww.thomas-swan.co.uk

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Vorbeck Materials Corporation STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONVorbeck Materials Group was founded in 2006 to commercialize graphene products developed at the University of Princeton.

PRODUCTSVorbeck makes a proprietary form of graphene called Vor-x, containing functional groups. The method used is thermal exfoliation of highly oxidized graphene. It has carried out compounding trials in standard compounding extruders and has also created liquid dispersions. It is currently supplying masterbatch and dispersions for trials at various key customers. Masterbatches are suitable for adding to plastics at rates of up to around 20% by weight, depending on the application. Many applications can be fulfilled with a total weight of Vor-x of well under 1%.

TARGET MARKETS• Printed electronics• Smart packaging• Smart cards• Security & identification labeling.

ADDRESSVorbeck Materials Corporation8306 Patuxent Range Road Unit 105Jessup MD 20794USAT: +1 3014979000

WEBwww.vorbeck.com

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XF Nano STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanjing XianFeng Nano Material Technology Co.,Ltd ( XFNANO) is based at the National University Sci-ence Park of Nanjing University ”, mainly focusing on graphene, molecular sieves, catalysts, super capaci-tors and the direction of bio-fuel cells.

PRODUCTS• Graphite Flake with high purity• Single layer Graphene• Modified graphene• graphite nanopower• graphite oxide• graphene paper• graphene oxide


ADDRESSNanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co., LtdNanjing City Jiangsu Province CHINA210046Tel: +86 025-58595385

WEBwww.xfnano.com

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XG Sciences STATUSMaterials producer/applications developer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONXG Sciences Inc. manufactures and sells xGnP® Graphene Nanoplatelets in bulk powder form as an addi-tive to provide high-strength, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, anti-wear, barrier and other properties for a wide variety of products. We also produce a Silicon/Graphene Anode material and work with customers to develop high-performance electrode materials for Lithium-ion batteries, supercapaci-tors and fuel cells. Additional XG Sciences products are Conductive Inks/Coatings and XGLeafTM Gra-phene Paper for electrical and thermal management in the printing, coating, electronics and composites market. In-house development support and customization for OEM customers is also available.

PRODUCTS1. xGnP® Graphene Nanoplatelets (bulk dry powder) - Grade H – 15 nm thick, surface area of 50 – 80 m2/g- Grade M – 6 nm thick, surface area of 120 – 150 m2/g- Grade C - < 2 microns, surface area of 300, 500 or 750 m2/g2. Dispersions of xGnP® Graphene Nanoplatelets- Aqueous- IPA- Organic solvents- Resins and custom3. XG Leaf – sheet products formulated for specific applications- Electrical resistivity as low as .1 ohms/sq.- Thermal properties tailored for heat dissipation or conductive heating - Barrier properties4. Electrode formulations• AN-S-100 - High Energy Anode - Supercapacitor5. XG Ink• SG-201 - Solvent Based - WG-201 - Water Based

XG Sciences has a production capacity of 80 tons/year of graphene.

TARGET MARKETSComposites, Li-ion Batteries, Supercapacitors, Inks & Coatings, Lubricants, Consumer Electronics and Printed Electronics.

ADDRESSXG Sciences5020 Northwind DriveSuite 212East LansingMI 48823USAT: +1 5172031110

WEBwww.xgsciences.com

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Xiamen Knano STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a China-based mass producer of graphene nanoplatelets.

PRODUCTSXiamen Knano is supplier of KNGTM series graphene nanoplatelets of KNANOTM. KNGTM-150 graphene nanoplatelets are stacks of multi-layered graphene nanoplatelet sheets.


ADDRESSXiamen Knano Graphene Technology Co., Ltd.24C, Haiguang Building, No. 33 Shuixian Road, Xiamen 361001P.R. China.T: +86 592 2684582

WEBwww.knano.com.cn

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Xolve, Inc. STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONXolve, Inc. manufactures and markets carbon nanotubes and graphene. The company was formerly known as Graphene Solutions, Inc. and changed its name to Xolve, Inc. in 2010. Xolve, Inc. was founded in 2008 and is a spin-out from Nanocenter (NCCRD) at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville. In December 2010, the company raised over $2million in funding from DSM and the Nordic Group.

PRODUCTSThe company produces graphene films using a solvent based method for application in composites and coatings.

TARGET MARKETS• Composite materials• Coatings for products such as architectural glass and solar panels• Energy storage.

ADDRESSXolve, Inc1600 Aspen CommonsXolve, Inc Suite 101Middleton, WI 53562USA T: +1 (608) 2038362

WEBwww.xolve.com

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XP Nano Material Co. Ltd. STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONXP Nano Material Co. Ltd. was established in 1998.

PRODUCTS• Graphene Nanoplatelets • Graphene Powder• Graphene/DMF Suspension• Graphene/Ethanol Suspension • Graphite Oxide Powder.

TARGET MARKETS• Graphene transistors • Graphene biodevices• Single molecule gas detection• Integrated circuits• Transparent conducting electrodes• Ultracapacitors• Anti-bacterial.

ADDRESSXP Nano Material Co. Ltd.9H,Morning 9 Center, No.29,Houjiang Dai RoadXiamen, 361004ChinaT: +86 5925601404

WEBwww.nanocnts.com

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American Dye Source, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 1995, the company manufactures laser dyes, near infrared absorption dyes, polymeric dyes, conjugated polymers, light emitting polymers, hole transport materials and laser imaging materials based on fullerenes, quantum dots and nanoparticles.

PRODUCTSThe company produces pure fullerene, fullerene derivatives, and polythiophene derivatives. Applications are energy storage, conductive plastics, and thermal materials, super-strong fibers, and biomedical ap-plications. American Dye Source, Inc. offers pure and chemically modified fullerenes.

ADDRESSAmerican Dye Source, Inc. 555 Morgan Blvd.Baie D’UrféQuebecH9X 3T6 CanadaT: +1 5144570070

WEBwww.adsdyes.com

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M.E.R. CorporationCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company has been supplying fullerenes since 1991, and performs contract R & D for the U.S. govern-ment and industrial clients, and manufactures niche and advanced engineering materials. Technologies include nanomaterials, composites of carbon, metals, ceramics and polymers, rapid manufacturing in metals and cermets, coatings for wear, oxidation, corrosion and specialty performance, and electrochemi-cal processes including: fuel cells, lithium ion batteries and metal extraction.

PRODUCTSMER Corporation has developed a method to produce large-area, uniformly dispersed double-wall nano-tubes (DWNT). MER’s production process can convert the DWNT into fibrous mats (C-Mats) that resemble non-woven fabrics. These materials are utilized as high performance filters since they have very small pores. MER’s proprietary manufacturing technique produces the C-Mat directly from the reactor. Applications, including: Filtration media such as bio-filters for use in liquids and gases for applications ranging from drug manufacturing to water purification to gas separation, composite materials showing exceptionally high-strength and lightweight structure materials for aerospace and military applications, and conduc-tive flexible films for electrical and thermal management applications.

ADDRESSM.E.R. CorporationAddress 7960 South Kolb Road Tucson Arizona 85706USAT: +1 5205741980

WEBwww.mercorp.com

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Advance NanoPower, Inc. STATUSMaterials producer.

COMPANY DESCRIPTIONAdvance NanoPower Inc. was established in 2004. ANP commenced with the acquisition of Century Zinctec Energy Inc.; obtaining patents, equipments and related products for Zinc Air Battery and Carbon Nanotube (CNT) technologies.

PRODUCTSThe company produce: • High purity (over 97%) Carbon Nanotube research• Special purpose Carbon Nanocapsule, Nanohorn research• Carbon Nanotube in increasing battery efficiencies and applications• Electromagnetic shield Carbon Nanotube composite materials research• Carbon Nanotube application in supercapacitor• Carbon Nanotube in solar battery application• High efficient field emission CNT paste

ADDRESSAdvance NanoPower, Inc.114 8F., 12. Alley 30, Lane 358Juei-Guan Rd, Nei-Hu DistTaipeiTaiwanT: +886 287512618

WEBwww.anp.com

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Aneeve Nanotechnologies LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONAneeve Nanotechnologies is a spin-out from UCLA in conjunction with the California NanoSystems Insti-tute (CNSI).

PRODUCTSThe company produces aligned carbon nanotubes on insulator materials and silicon for high frequency, low noise and highly linear device applications.

ADDRESSAneeve Nanotechnologies LLCUCLA California Nanosystems Institute570 Westwood Plaza, Suite 6532Building 114MC 722710Los AngelesCA 90095-7277USAT: +1 310 874 3024

WEBwww.aneeve.com

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Applied Nanotech, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company was formerly known as Nano-Proprietary, Inc. Main focus is on applications of carbon nano-tubes and related technologies.

PRODUCTSCNT Composites• CNT Epoxy: The company is reinforcing epoxy with CNTs to take advantage of their mechanical proper-ties while reducing the weight of materials needed for a specified application. • CNT Nylons: The addition of CNTs to nylons can enhance certain mechanical properties and the electri-cally conductivity of this normally insulating material. In researching mechanical improvements, the com-pany achieved improvements of tensile strength by 24%, flexural modulus by 48% and impact strength by 4% over neat nylon 6. • CNT Glass Fiber: CNT enhanced composites to develop a strengthened fiberglass that can be used for wind turbine blades and other applications with long lifetime requirements.

CNT Electron Emission• ANI has developed electron and ion sources for industrial and medical sensing and monitoring. Other applications have been on large area display applications (CNT Field Emission Displays, CNT-FEDs). Dis-play applications include large area CNT flat screen color field emission displays, large area surface con-duction color field emission displays, backlights for displays and PETS for medium resolution large area electronic billboards. Non-display applications include traveling wave tubes, non-radioactive sources, neutron and gamma-ray sources and lighting devices.

Enzyme coated Carbon Nanotube SensorANI has developed an Enzyme coated Carbon Nanotubes (ECNT) as a miniaturized enzymatic biosensor for medical, environmental and chemical analysis. Sensor applications include hydrogen sensors, carbon monoxide sensors and biosensors.

ADDRESSApplied Nanotech, Inc.3006 Longhorn Blvd.Suite 107AustinTX 78758USAT: +1 5123395020

WEBwww.appliednanotech.net

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Brewer ScienceCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a materials supplier to the electronics industry, founded in 1981. Available in different grades of solutions based on product platform and device requirements, CNTRENE® solutions cover a number of applications and markets.

PRODUCTS• Microelectronics - CNTRENE® C100 Material• Electronics grade• Surfactant free• Low carbonaceous impurities• Transparent Conductive Materials• Broad resistance range• Good transmission

ADDRESSBrewer Science2401 Brewer DriveRollaMO 65401USAT: +15733640300

WEBwww.brewerscience.com

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Brewer ScienceCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONBuckeye Composites is a new division of NanoTechLabs (NTL), a producer of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.

PRODUCTSBuckeye Composites’ carbon nanomembrane, or “buckypaper,” is a thin, paper-like membrane of carbon nanotubes, nanofiber, nanoplatelets and/or other carbon nanomaterial. Buckypaper can be comprised of 100% carbon nanomaterial or can be pre-impregnated or “pre-pregged” with resin. Thickness and areal weight can be tailored to meet end-user requirements.

ADDRESSBuckeye Composites2000 Composite DriveKetteringOH 45420USAT: +19372979518

WEBwww.buckeyecomposites.com

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Bucky USACOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 1993, the company sells fullerenes and nanotubes.

PRODUCTSNanotubes• Multiwall Nanotubes• Cleaned Multiwall Nanotubes• Single wall Nanotubes• Cleaned Single wall Nanotube

Pure Fullerenes• Fullerene C60• Fullerene C70• Fullerene C76• Fullerene C78• Fullerene C84

Modified fullerenes• C60 Oxide• N-methyl-fulleropyrrolidine• Polyhydroxy-C60• N-ethyl-polyamino-C60

Application areas include composites, field emitters, electronic devices, gas adsorption and catalyst sup-ports.

ADDRESSBucky USA9402 Alberene Dr Houston TX77074USAT: +1 7137776266

WEBhttp://buckyusa.com

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C3Nano Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2010, as a spinout from Professor Zhenan Bao’s chemical engineering laboratory at Stanford University, C3Nano has developed solution-coated, transparent, conductive materials that compete directly with indium tin oxide (ITO).

PRODUCTSDevelopment of printable conductive inks and transparent conducting materials potentially suitable for use in flexible and stretchable electronics in the display, touch panel, smart-phone, tablet and thin film solar industries.

ADDRESSC3Nano Inc.26225 Eden Landing Rd.Suite C, Hayward, CA, 94545USAT: +1-800-558-0459

WEBhttp://c3nano.com

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Canatu OyCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONCanatu Oy produces carbon nanotubes and a novel NanoBud™ nanomaterial.

PRODUCTSCarbon NanoBuds™. Carbon NanoBuds™ are utilized as electron field emitters. They display excellent con-ductive properties with wide ranging mechanical, electrical and optical applications. Fullerene molecules are attached to the outside surface of carbon nanotubes. Canatu is developing industrial scale produc-tion methods for high purity carbon NanoBuds™ tailored for specific industrial applications, including: • Flexible transparent electrodes in touch sensors, solar cells and displays field emission films in displays (main potential market)• Charge storage layers in supercapacitors• Saturable absorbers in pulsed lasers• Electron-hole generators in solar cells• Semiconductor films in field effects transistors

Carbon NanotubesCanatu is developing industrial scale production methods for carbon nanotube films tailored for specific industrial applications. The nanotube films can be customized to contain specified features, including various patterns, purities, chemical functionality, electrical conductivity, transparency and other applica-tion driven properties.

ADDRESSCanatu OyTekniikantie 2102150 Espoo FinlandT: + 358 503444204

WEBwww.canatu.com

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carbon NT&F 21COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a small producer of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers.

PRODUCTSSWNTs• Bundled single graphite-wall cylinders • One hundred times tensile strength of steel • Better thermal conductivity than all but the purest diamond • Conducting (better than copper) or semiconducting • Chemically functionalizable Double Walled Nanotubes• Bundled double graphite-wall cylinders • Promising electron field emission properties • Better thermal stability than single wall nanotubes • High electrical conductivity • Novel electronic properties • Chemically functionalizable

Bundled Thin-Wall Nanotubes• Bundled thin wall nanotubes • Promising electron field emission properties • Contains 15-20 % SWNTs and DWNTs • High electrical conductivity • High thermal conductivity and stability • Chemically functionalizable • Enhances properties (i.e. electrical, mechanical, thermal)

Applications• Electronical nanocomponents (diodes, transistors, nano-wires, etc. ) • Field emission devices• Multi-functional composites (EMI shielding, thermal conducting, strengthen, conducting, etc.) • Hydrogen storage • Rechargeable lithium batteries • Atomic force microscope (AFM) tips • Electrode material of supercapacitors • Biosensors.

ADDRESScarbon NT&F 21YOUR-TOOL GmbH Zaunergasse 4 2491 Steinbrunn/Neue Siedlung, AustriaT: + 43 262420277

WEBwww.carbon-nanofiber.com

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Carbon Solutions, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company was founded in 1998 and is a manufacturer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), in bulk quantities

PRODUCTSThe company produces SWNTs using the electric arc discharge method. Applications include carbon nanotube-based sensors, flexible electronics, transparent conductors, infrared and visible photodetec-tors.

ADDRESSCarbon Solutions, Inc.5094 Victoria Hill Drive Riverside CA, 92506 USAT: +1 951 6825620

WEBwww.carbon-nanofiber.com

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Chengdu Organic Chemicals COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) spinout.

PRODUCTSThe company produce large volume and low price quantities of the following: • SWCNTs• DWCNTs• MWCNTs • Industrial MWCNTs

These are incorporated into the following: CNTs-based dispersionsTimesdisper series contains CNTs aqueous dispersion (TNWDM) and CNTs organic solvent dispersion (TNADM, TNKDM & TNEDM). It is developed for solving the difficulty of CNTs dispersing in solvent or wa-ter. By selecting high conductive CNTs and suited dispersants, TimesdisperTM series dispersion is stable and monodispersed. Timesdisper series is incorporated into aqueous and organic solvent systems for antistatic coatings, polymer composites, lubricant, transparent conductive films, field electron emission electrode and other applications.

CNTs-based conductive additivesTimescond series is a composite composed of high electric conductive CNTs and carbon black. The grain particles carbon black can not only prevent dispersed CNTs from reagglomerating, but also exhibit syn-ergetic effect with CNTs in Li-ion batteries. TNCC is easy to disperse in Li-ion battery electrode, and the CNTs network ensures the Li-ion battery has the best cycle performance.

ADDRESSChengdu Organic Chemicals Co., Ltd.No.16, South section 2, the first Circle road Chengdu, 610041 ChinaT: +86 2885236765

WEBwww.timesnano.com

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CNano Technology Limited COMPANY DESCRIPTIONCNano Technology produces carbon nanotubes in a continuous mode with tonnage capacity in commer-cial chemical reactor.

PRODUCTSThe carbon nanotube products are in the form of agglomerates of up to a few hundreds of micrometers. These agglomerates, upon designated processes, can be dispersed into a variety of matrix including liquid, polymer, metal, ceramics, etc. FloTube 9000: Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT)• Available in wide range of quantities up to 500 tons • Purity: > 95%• Length: up to 10 μm• Diameter: 11 nm (average)• Application: high performance electrostatic dissipative plastics where low electrical percolation thresh-old is desired in order to maintain the plastics intrinsic physical properties• Key markets are Electronics, Automotive, Energy and Structural Composites

FloTube 7000: Vertically aligned CNT• Powdered product• Length: from 8 to 15 μm• Diameter: 6-8 nm FloTube 2000: Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT)• Powdered product (raw or purified)• Kg quantity• Length: 1-20 μm• Diameter: 2-4 nm

ADDRESSCNano Technology Limited3333 Bowers Ave., Suite 130Santa ClaraCA 95054USAT: +1 4088260918

WEBwww.cnanotechnology.com

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Eikos, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 1996, Eikos, Inc. is developing transparent, electrically conductive carbon nanotube films and nanotube inks for transparent conductive coatings.

PRODUCTSEikos has branded its technology as Invisicon. Eikos is aiming to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) and con-ducting polymers with carbon nanotube transparent conductors in several common electronic devices, such as touch screens, LCDs, OLEDs, photovoltaics, electroluminescent lamps, electronic paper.InvisiconThis product is a transparent conductive coating technology for application in displays, photovoltaic cells, lighting, energy storage, and flexible electronics. Invisicon® is suitable as a replacement for ITO (in-dium tin oxide) and conducting polymers and exhibits characteristics such as durability, index matching, and anti-reflective properties.

NanoshieldThis product is designed for EMI shielding applications. Eikos employs proprietary water-based inks to make nanotube coatings. These inks take advantage of the colloidal nature of the carbon nanotubes to form dispersions with long shelf life and predictable handling.

ADDRESSEikos, Inc. 2 Master DriveFranklinMA 02038 USAT: +1 5085280300

WEBwww.eikos.com

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Fujitsu LaboratoriesCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFujitsu is a computing and communications products and advanced microelectronics company with re-ported consolidated revenues of 5.3 trillion yen (US$53 billion) for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Fujitsu Laboratories was founded in 1968 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu Limited, and conducts a wide range of basic and applied research in the areas of Multimedia, Personal Systems, Networks, Periph-erals, Advanced Materials and Electronic Devices.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing various applications of nano-carbon materials-such as carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, CNT interconnects, and CNT-graphene composites-for semiconductor electronics. The company has combined carbon nanotubes and grapheme to self-form a new nanoscale carbon com-posite, at the relatively low temperature of 510 degrees Celsius.

ADDRESSFujitsu Laboratories4-1-1 KamikodanakaNakahara-kuKawasaki-shiKanagawa 211-8588Japan

WEBhttp://jp.fujitsu.com/group/labs/en

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GlonatechCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONGlobal Nanotechnologies S.A. (Glonatech) is a member of the ONEX Group, established in October 2009 in Athens.

PRODUCTSIndustrial CNTs manufacturer (ultra-high purity MWCNTs, functionalized CNTs, buckypapers) used in aero-space, aviation, wire & cable, marine & electronics.

ADDRESSGlonatech S.A.87, Kon.Palaiologou Str., Chalandri, 15232Athens, HellasGreeceT: +302106083465

WEBwww.glonatech.com

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Hanwha Nanotech Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company has been producing carbon nanotubes since 2000, mainly for the electronics and displays markets.

PRODUCTSASA-100F• ASA-100F is a single-walled CNT product produced using the Arc-discharge process.• It uses Fe as a catalyst and requires no separate refinery process.• The single-walled CNT (SWCNT) has purity of approximately 20 ~ 30wt. % and consists of about 40wt. % of carbon nanoparticles, 20wt. % of catalyst metal, and 10wt. % of amorphous carbon and graphite.• SWCNT has a diameter of approximately 1.2nm and forms a bundle measuring almost 10nm.

Properties• Excellent electric conductivity and heat conductivity• Excellent mechanical strength• High crystallinity and aspect ratio• Excellent Arc-discharge element characteristics

Applications• Conductive transparent electrode• Conductive heating film• Conductive nano ink• Nano device• Display: field emitter, backlight, flat lamp• Nano bio material• Chemical sensor

ADDRESSHanwha Nanotech Co., Ltd.3F Shine Bldg., 423-1 Cheongcheon-dongBupyeong-guIncheon 100-797 Korea T: +82 325137114

WEBwww.hanwhananotech.co.kr

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Honjo Chemical CorporationCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company manufactures electrode materials for the next generation flat display’s panel by using car-bon nanotubes. The company has a nanotube and fullerene mass-production plant in Japan at Neyagawa Factory under a cooperation agreement with Mitsubishi Corp., Fullerene International Corp. (FIC) and MER Corp.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing fullerenes and carbon nanotubes for fuel cell and flat panel display applica-tions. They also supply various lithium material and products such as cathode materials for Lithium-Ion Battery. They produce the materials through the arc-based method.

ADDRESSHonjo Chemical Corporation5-24, Miyahara 3-chome Osaka-shi 532-0003 JapanT: +81 0663992331

WEBwww.honjo-chem.co.jp

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KH Chemicals, Co. Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONManufacturer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT).

PRODUCTSProprietary continuous process enables the mass production of SWCNT with uniform and high quality, which can be applied for various applications including• Transparent conductive film: 250ohm/sq., TT>90% • Secondary battery and EDLC • Conductive textile

ADDRESS106-71 Gwahakdanji-roGangnung-siGangwon-doKorea210-340T: +82 336424116

WEBwww.khchem.com

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MKnanoCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONMKnano is a division of M.K. Impex and a producer of carbon nanotubes and a wide-range of metallic nanomaterials.

PRODUCTSThe company is a producer of the following: • Single wall (SWNT)• Double wall (DWNT)• Multiwall (MWNT)• OH, COOH Functionalized SWNT/MWNT• Industrial Grade SWCNTs and MWCNTs• Conducting (Metallic) and Semiconducting SWCNTs• MWCNT Nonwoven Papers• CNT Foam

ADDRESSMKnano6382 Lisgar DriveMississaugaOntario L5N 6X1CanadaT: +1 4165094462

WEBwww.mknano.com

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Nano-CCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of nanostructured carbon materials including fullerenes, nanotubes and their chemical derivatives. The company manufactures a full range of fullerenes, including fullerene black, C60, C70, C76/78, C84 and higher fullerenes. Their core combustion process gives a degree of control on how much of each they make.

PRODUCTSThey also tailor these to specific applications via chemical derivatization. For example, the PCBM deriva-tive is the current derivative of choice for organic photovoltaics. For solar and other polymer electronics, they are now producing a broader range of derivatives that are enabling their customers to explore a full range of electronic properties and morphologies. Their range of derivatives also includes water and lipid soluble that the company is now producing for applications in health care.

Single and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT and MWCNT) As is true in their fullerene process, their nanotube system is exothermic which provides for a substan-tially lower cost approach than CVD or high-pressure CO-based systems. Unique variables that influence the characteristics of CNTs include:• Operating temperature and pressure • Type & particle size of catalyst • Fuel type and fuel-oxygen ratio • Dilution with inert gas • Cold gas velocity • In-situ processing of substrates • Use of electric fields to achieve greater degrees of alignment

For example, they have demonstrated that higher operating pressures result in longer nanotubes, and higher throughputs; catalyst choice quantitatively determines production of SWCNTs or MWCNTs. Their system affords the possibility of capturing the as-produced SWCNTs in water or other liquids (a “pre-dispersion”) to enable easier processing into devices. They are working on the functionalization and dispersion of nanotubes for particular electronic applications. For one polymer electronics application they are “cutting” SWCNTs to shorter lengths and following that with chemical functionalization to aid dispersion. For another application area they are producing longer nanotubes and exploring alternative dispersion methods to aid in processing using lithographic tech-niques.

ADDRESSNano-C33 Southwest Park WestwoodMA 02090 USAT: +1 7814079417

WEBwww.nano-c.com

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Nanocomp Technologies, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company was formed in 2004 as a spin-out of Synergy Innovations, Inc. The company is a developer of energy saving performance materials and component products from CNTs.

PRODUCTSThe company’s proprietary product is the CTex™ CNT yarn and CNT mats. Main application markets are in aerospace and aviation markets for nanotube materials to save weight in a variety of complex systems, as well as to provide electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding compo-nents.

ADDRESSNanocomp Technologies, Inc.162 Pembroke RoadConcordNH 03301USAT: +1 6034428992

WEBwww.nanocomptech.com

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NanocsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of carbon nanotubes and gold and silver nanoparticles. Focus is on hydrocar-bon polymers, nanophase carbon materials (carbon nanotubes, nanodiamond, nanocomposites) process and related fabrication systems, field emission devices using carbon-based materials as emitters, hard coating/thin film (diamond-like carbon, nitrides, carbides and oxides thin films) applications.

PRODUCTSThe company produces carbon nanotubes made either by CVD or Arc-discharge methods, with well-controlled diameter, length as well as purity. A proprietary method has been used to purify and deriva-tize these nanotubes; We can provide a variety of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with diameter in the range of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 to 150 nm, with the length from 1 to 100 microns. Singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have diameter of 2~10 nm, with the length from 50 nm to microns.

ADDRESSNanocs244 Fifth Ave#2949 New YorkNew York USAT: +1 9174004863

WEBwww.nanocomptech.com

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NanocylCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanocyl is a spin-off company founded in 2002, from the University of Namur. At present, all produc-tion is dedicated to associated laboratories and private industrials partners for use in their research and development departments. Nanocyl has chosen the “Catalytic Carbon Vapour Deposition” method of production as it allows production in large scale and is using industrial process, which is well known. Nanocyl employs 30 people with offices in Belgium and the United States. The US commercial subsidiary was opened in 2006.

PRODUCTSPlastiCyl™PlastiCyl™ series is a unique family of Carbon Nanotubes thermoplastic concentrates. Primary use is as an additive for conductive thermoplastic applications requiring high-level of performance such as cleanliness and high retention of mechanical properties of the base plastic. Typical letdown for achieving electrical percolation starts at 10-15% masterbatch loading depending on grade, compounding condi-tions and final processing of the compound (injection, extrusion). PlastiCyl™ is available in pellet form in different container size.

Epocy™Epocy™ is a family of products, based on different types of epoxy resins, modified with the company’s proprietary technology with CNTs for different applications, from the mechanical reinforcements to the electrical conductivity enhancements. In particular EPOCYL™ HM-01 is formulated product designed for the pre-preg application (hot-melt or solvent), while EPOCYL™ EC01 is devoted for applications requiring electrical conductivity.

AquaCyl™AquaCyl™ incorporates CNTs in waterborne application systems (coatings, films). An example of ap-plication is antistatic coating. The dispersion contains an anionic surfactant for superior dispersion and stability. Nanocyl’s NC 7000 series of multiwall CNTs is produced in multi-tons via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The company claims that the use of exclusive catalysts during production makes the product the most electrically conductive carbon nanotubes available. The company’s Plasticyl range of CNT thermoplastic concentrates is used for applications requiring electrical conductivity or protection from electrostatic discharge (ESD). These concentrates, which typically contain 15-20% CNTs, are avail-able in polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, high-density polyethylene, polyoxymethylene. New products include SiziCyl and PregCyl—with SiziCyl targeting infusion and resin transfer molding and PregCyl used as a range of pre-preg materials.

ADDRESSNanocylRue de l’Essor 45060 SambrevilleBelgiumT: +32 071750381

WEBwww.nanocyl.com

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Nanointegris, IncCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoIntegris was spun-out of the Hersam Research Group at Northwestern University in 2007. The com-pany is a supplier of electronically pure metallic and semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs).

PRODUCTSIsoNanotubesIsoNanotubes are SWNTs that are uniform in their electronic properties. The company producers produce IsoNanotubes by separating electronically polydisperse, as-grown SWNTs via density gradient ultracentri-fugation.

PureTubesPureTubes are unseparated SWNTs that have been extensively purified to remove catalytic and carbona-ceous impurities without causing tube damage.

Applications include:• Field Effect Transistors• Transparent Conductive Films• Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED)

ADDRESSNanointegris, Inc. 8025 Lamon Avenue Suite 43 SkokieIL 60077 USAT: +1 8475811481

WEBwww.nanointegris.com

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Nanointegris, IncCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoTechLabs, founded in 2004, is commercializing, and producing nanomaterials, specialty chemicals, organic devices, biomaterials, and composite materials.

PRODUCTSNanomaterials and Specialty ChemicalsNTL produces nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, and specialty chemicals. Materials are available in a variety of functionalizations. NanoTechLabs’ offers nanotubes in a variety of classes (carbon single-walled, carbon multi-walled, and inorganic multi-walled), functionalizations (amine, PEG, thio), and presentations (suspended or dry). BuckypaperBuckeye Composites’ carbon nanomembrane, or “buckypaper,” is a thin, paper-like membrane of carbon nanotubes, nanofiber, nanoplatelets and/or other carbon nanomaterial. Buckypaper can be comprised of 100% carbon nanomaterial or can be pre-impregnated or “pre-pregged” with resin. Thickness and areal weight can be tailored to meet end-user requirements. Buckeye Composites’ buckypaper can be pro-duced with any supplier’s carbon nanotubes or other carbon nanomaterial. Nanomaterial Blending and CompoundingNTL offers blending and compounding services for a wide range of nanomaterials and base resin systems. The company has experience with thermoplastics, thermosets, and a variety of epoxies.

Current product development and IP is focused on:• Non-metallic EMI shielding.• Conductive organic matrix composites for lightning strike protection (LSP).• High conductivity elastomers, thermosets, and thermoplastics using non-metallic fillers.

ADDRESSNanoTechLabs, Inc.409 W. Maple St. YadkinvilleNC 27055USA T: +1 3368497474

WEBwww.nanotechlabs.com

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NanteroCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNantero is using carbon nanotubes for the development of next-generation semiconductor devices. These devices include memory, logic, and other semiconductor products.

PRODUCTSNantero is the first company to actively develop semiconductor products using carbon nanotubes in a production CMOS fab. Nantero is also developing microelectronic-grade carbon nanotube material, compatible with production CMOS fabs, now commercially available through licensee Brewer Science. Nantero’s extensive intellectual property portfolio currently includes over 100 patent applications, of which over 40 have already been granted.The company is developing NRAM™, a high-density nonvolatile random access memory chip. The pro-prietary NRAM™ design uses carbon nanotubes as the active memory elements. Nantero has created multiple prototype devices, including an array of ten billion suspended nanotube junctions on a single silicon wafer. Nantero’s design for NRAM involves the use of suspended nanotube junctions as memory bits, with the “up” position representing bit zero and the “down” position representing bit one. Bits are switched between states through the application of electrical fields.

ADDRESSNantero, Inc. 25-E Olympia AvenueWoburnMA 01801USAT: +1 7819325338

WEBwww.nantero.com

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Raymor Industries, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONRaymor Industries Inc. produces single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), through its wholly-owned subsidiary, AP&C Advanced Powders and Coatings Inc. from its high capacity production unit, which is designed to produce 10,000 grams/day.

PRODUCTSIn November 2004, Raymor Industries created a wholly-owned, industrial subsidiary, AP&C Advanced Powders and Coatings, specializing in nanotechnology and advanced materials, and comprising four operational divisions: (1) nanotechnology products, including nano-powders, nano-coatings, and single-walled carbon nanotubes (C-SWNT) for “the applications of tomorrow”; (2) thermal spray coatings, which largely targets military, aeronautical, aerospace, specialized industrial, and mining applications; (3) spherical metallic powders, primarily used for biomedical and aerospace applications; and (4) net-shape forming, a component manufacturing technique used for ballistic protection and other aerospace and military applications. Raymor holds the exclusive rights to more than 20 patents throughout the world, with other patents pending. The company mainly supplies SWNTs for use initially in the aerospace and defense sectors. The company uses a thermal plasma-based SWNT production process. This patented process allows for the continuous synthesis of SWNT while efficiently eliminating a greenhouse gas. The company’s C-SWNT is porous with a large specific surface area, while maintaining high thermal and elec-trical conductivity. The C-SWNTs can be easily impregnated by gas, liquids or polymers and have applica-tions in electrodes (superbatteries, supercapacities, fuel cells) and in nanocomposites.

ADDRESSRaymor Industries, Inc.3765 La VerendryeBoisbriand QuebecJ7H 1R8 CanadaT: +1 4504341004

WEBwww.raymor.com

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SouthWest NanoTechnologies COMPANY DESCRIPTIONSouthWest NanoTechnologies, Inc. (SWeNT) produces carbon nanotubes using a patented catalytic method called CoMoCAT® in fluidized bed reactors. This results in selective synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes and remarkable control of diameter, chirality and purity. The company manufactures single-wall carbon nanotubes based on technology developed at the University of Oklahoma.

PRODUCTSSingle Wall Carbon NanotubesSWeNT® CG 200• Single-wall• High Purity• High metallic tube content• Large diameter• High electrical conductivity• Primary Uses: Conductive coatings, Bucky Paper

SWeNT® SG 65• Single-wall• Precise chirality and diameter control• >90% Semiconducting species• Small diameter• High Purity• Primary Uses: Semiconducting coatings

ADDRESSSouthWest NanoTechnologies, Inc.2501 Technology PlaceNormanOK 73071-1102 USAT: +1 4052178388

WEBwww.swentnano.com

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Toray Industries, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONToray has developed nanostructure controlled films, double walled carbon nanotubes, carbon fiber rein-forced plastics, membrane bio reactors, and an innovative drug delivery system using nanoparticles.

PRODUCTSThe company produced nanofibers for the following applications:• High-performance Air Filters• High-performance Fluid Filters• Medical Substrates

They also produce carbon nanotubes for application in: • Display Materials (electron emission materials)• Fuel Cell Materials (catalyst carriers)• Polymer Additives (electro-conductive, exothermic materials).

ADDRESSToray Industries, Inc.Nihonmbashi Mitsui Tower, 1-1,Nihonbashi-Muromachi 2-chome, Chuo-kuTokyo 103-8666 JapanT: +81 332455538

WEBwww.toray.co.jp

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Unidym, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces high-purity, electronics-grade carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for its current applica-tions using an in-house, fully-scalable, and proprietary chemical vapor deposition (CVD) production process. Arrowhead Research Corporation is the majority shareholder in Unidym.

PRODUCTSThe company deposits randomly dispersed networks of CNTs using processes that are fully-compatible with low-cost, solution-based processing techniques. These networks are not only highly mechanically robust, but offer tunable electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. The company has proprietary designs for a wide variety of CNT-based products as well as for applications incorporating those products, such as transparent electrodes in solar cells and touch screens, and thin film transistors in OLED and LCD-based displays.Transparent ElectrodesCNT-based transparent electrode intended to replace the indium tin oxide (ITO) currently used in such products as touch screens, LCD displays, solar cells, and solid state (OLED) lighting. Thin Film TransistorsA thin film transistor (TFT) intended to form the backbone of the burgeoning printable electronics indus-try. Fuel CellsCNT-based fuel cells to meet the near-term needs for powering portable electronics and to address the longer-term potential markets associated with the hydrogen-based energy economy.

ADDRESSUnidym, Inc. 1430 O’Brien DriveSuite G Menlo ParkCA 94025USAT: +1 6504621935

WEBwww.unidym.com

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XintekCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company offers high quality and high purity single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nano silver, and nano gold products. Currently, the company has applied nanotechnologies into water-based paint products, silicon wafers and high-energy lithium ion batteries. They are also working with sporting goods manufacturers.

PRODUCTS• Field Emission Grade Carbon Nanotubes• High Quality Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes• Carbon Nanotube AFM tipsThe Company develops and manufactures nanomaterial-based field emission technologies and products for a broad range of applications including diagnostic medical imaging, homeland security, and informa-tion display.

ADDRESSXintek 7020 Kit Creek Road Suite 200PO Box 13788Research Triangle ParkNC 27709 USAT: +1 9193139638

WEBwww.xintek.com

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XinNano Materials, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company offers Field Emission Grade Carbon Nanotubes.

PRODUCTSThe company has developed carbon nanotube ink that can be easily applied to substrates to produce transparent conducting film (TCF) and anti-static film used for touch panel, flexible display and EMI shielding applications.

ADDRESSNo. 1560, Sec. 1, Jhongshan Rd., Guanyin TownshipTaoyuan County 328TaiwanT: +886-3-4731718

WEBwww.xinnanomaterials.com

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ANF DevelopmentCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNAFEN™ is produced by ANF Technology Ltd.

PRODUCTSANF is developing Alumina Nano Fibers (NafenTM) for ap plication in structural and multifunctional com-posites, catalysts, filtration, electronics, energetics, medicine and biology, agriculture.

ADDRESSANF Technology Ltd Tööstuse 48ATallinn 10416Estonia

WEBwww.nafen.ee

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MD Nanotech CorporationCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a spin-out from Mitsubishi Materials Corporation.

PRODUCTSCarbon nanofibers for batteries, conductive conductive film and fuel cells.

ADDRESSMD Nanotech Corporation100-0004Floor 27, Tokyo Sankei Building 1-7-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-0004JapanT: 03-3242-6347

WEBwww.mdnanotech.jp

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Nanofiber A/SCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company has developed organic nanofibers for use in the photonics industry with special focus on the security market.

PRODUCTSThe company develops protocols for growth and transfer of morphologically and optically controlled organic nanofibers for nanophotonics.

ADDRESSNanoSYD, The Mads Clausen InstituteUniversity of Southern Denmark Alsion 2 DK-6400 SønderborgDenmark T: 0045 6011 3517

WEBwww.nanofiber.dk

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Electrovac AG COMPANY DESCRIPTIONElectrovac offers a wide range of polymer-bonded, dust-free nanofiber masterbatches and compounds, based on carrier materials developed and optimized for polyolefins as well as for applications in techno-logical thermoplasts. Conductivity carriers are carbon nanofibers (CNFs).

PRODUCTS• Thermal grease with brand name elNano and thermal adhesive using carbon nanofiber as filler;• Metal Matrix Composites including AlCNF, CuCNF and Ag/CuCNF;• Carbon nanofiber filled plastics;• Thermal adhesive for bonding metal and ceramic.

The company’s CNFs provide polymers with higher temperature stability, better flow properties, and outstanding surface quality. Applications are in:• Anti-statics: Chip carriers• EMI Shielding: Cell phones, Laptops, Med. Tech.• Conductive Plastics: Electrostatic painting• Structural (Strength): Body panels• Structural (Stiffness): Tires (Tire Cord)• Thermal Conductivity: Electronic packaging

ADDRESSElectrovac AG Aufeldgasse 37-39 3400 Klosterneuburg AustriaT: +43 2243450-0

WEBwww.electrovac.com

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Blue NanoCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONBlue Nano is a provider of noble metal nanowires, nanoparticles and nanoporous materials for applica-tions ranging from touch screens to fuel cells.

PRODUCTSBlue Nano is a manufacturer of silver nanowires for uses ranging from energy, automotive, printed elec-tronics, Displays, chemical, materials and medical. In particular, they have placed an emphasis on cutting-edge clean energy products for solar cells, lithium ion batteries and a variety of chemical and fuel cell catalysts.

ADDRESSBlue Nano, International17325 Connor Quay CourtCornelius, NC, 28031, USAT: (+01) 980-225-1657

WEBwww. bluenanoinc.com

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Cambrios Technologies Corp.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s proprietary nanostructured materials can be deposited using existing production equip-ment to achieve enhanced performance of display devices and components at lower manufacturing cost.

PRODUCTSThe company’s first product is ClearOhmTM coating material that produces a transparent, conductive film by wet processing. ClearOhmTM films have improved properties by comparison to currently used materials such as indium tin oxide and other transparent conductive oxides.

ADDRESSCambrios Technologies Corporation930 East Arques Ave.Sunnyvale, CA 94085USAT: +1-408-738-7400

WEBwww.cambrios.com

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Carestream Advanced MaterialsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s is a subsidiary of Carestream Health Inc.

PRODUCTSCarestream FLEXX Transparent Conductive Films use silver nanowire technology and roll-to-roll process to provide a more flexible, durable and affordable alternative to ITO films. The silver nanowires in our FLEXX films compare favorably to ITO’s consistent conductivity and optical quality, while offering higher light transmission, greater flexibility and bendability, longer durability, and improved cost effectiveness — all with proven environmental stability. Carestream Advanced Materials is targeting touch panels, OLED lighting and displays, flexible displays, printed electronics and photovoltaics with its products.

ADDRESSCarestream Health Inc150 Verona Street Rochester, NY [email protected]

WEBwww.carestream.com/specials/adv-materials

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Cima NanotechCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONCima NanoTech manufactures nanomaterial-based products for use in electronics applications.

PRODUCTSThe company has developed conductive coatings by suspending silver nanowires in a solution. SANTETM is a custom formulated silver nanoparticle emulsion that is applied via a low-cost and clean wet coating process. SANTETM self-assembles into a transparent conductive network with very high electrical con-ductivity, high transparency and flexibility, thus enabling increased performance and new applications in electronics. It is used for applications like electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, touch screens, transparent heating,photovoltaic, OLED lighting, LED lighting and flexible electronics. With its simpler, faster and more cost-effective deposition process, SANTETM is poised to be the next-generation coating technology.

ADDRESSCima NanoTech Inc.1000 Westgate DriveSuite 100St. Paul, Minnesota 55114USAT: +1 (651) 646-6266

WEBwww.cimananotech.com

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CrayoNanoCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company was spun-off from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) to commer-cialize a new technology to grow gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires on graphene using molecular beam epitaxy.

PRODUCTSThe new hybrid electrode material offers excellent optoelectronic properties. The responsivity of the company’s GaAs nanowire device is estimated to be around 30 mA/W which is 3 orders of magnitude larger than previously reported for a single GaAs nanowire. Their nanowires demonstrate no degradation in the optoelectronic material quality, as compared to GaAs nanowires grown on GaAs substrates.

ADDRESSCrayoNano AS Postboks 2339 Sluppen NO-7004 Trondheim NorwayT: (+47) 40 22 65 51

WEBhttp://crayonano.com

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EverSpin Technologies, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONEverSpin Technologies was spun off from Freescale Semiconductor in 2008 to provide magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) chips.

PRODUCTSEverspin MRAM is a memory that uses the magnetism of electron spin to provide non-volatility without wear- out. Everspin MRAM stores information in magnetic material integrated with silicon circuitry to de-liver the speed of SRAM with the non-volatility of Flash in a single unlimited-endurance device. Everspin MRAM devices are designed to combine the best features of non-volatile memory and RAM to enable “instant-on” capability and power loss protection for an increasing number of electronic systems.

ADDRESSEverSpin Technologies, Inc.1347 N. Alma School Rd., Ste. 220Chandler, AZ 85224USAT: +1-480-347-111

WEBhttp://everspin.com

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glo ABCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 2005, glō AB is a venture-backed, development-stage company focused on developmentand commercialisation of entirely new, highly energy efficient and very low cost nanowire light-emitting diodes (nLED) based on its proprietary heterostructured semiconductor nanowire epitaxial growth and process technologies.

PRODUCTSglō’s RGB nanowire LEDs (nLEDs) are made using one material system with the active layers grown on the crystallographically-favorable non-polar m-plane. The wavelength shift and efficiency droop that are observed with commercially-available planar LEDs is reduced to a minimum with nLEDs. In the mid-term this will enable a true white RGB (red, green and blue) LED without the need of lossy phosphor conver-sion, thus achieving the highest CRIs and efficiencies.

ADDRESSglō ABScheelevägen 17Betahuset 6, IDEON SCIENCE PARK223 70 LundSWEDEN T: + 46 (46) 286.4840

WEBwww.glo.se

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QuNano ABCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in Sweden in 2005, QuNano works to commercialise cutting-edge, proprietary semiconductor and non-semiconductor nanowire technology in diverse fields such as solid state electronics, solid state illumination, highly efficient photovoltaics, and the life sciences.

PRODUCTSDevelop highly sophisticated, reliable and scalable processes to synthesize perfect crystalline nano-scale (< 1 billionth of a meter in diameter) heterostructured semiconductor nanowires. These QuNano semi-conductor nanowires are already en route to finding commercial application in such diverse fields as ultra-high brightness GaN epitaxial nanowire light-emitting diodes (LEDs), thin-film photovoltaics aerot-axial nanowire conversion enhancers, and new, smaller and faster transistors for low-power consumption electronics etc.

ADDRESSQuNano AB Scheelevägen 17 Ideon Science Park 223 70 Lund Sweden Tel: +46 46 286 4840

WEBwww.qunano.com

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Ras MaterialsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company’s was founded in 2010 and is a producer of nanosilver.

PRODUCTSECOS silver nanowires & AgPURE silver nanoparticles produced by RAS Materials are used as additives or coatings for polymer materials. ECOS silver nanowires are engineered to have a high electrical conduc-tivity with a low concentration or content of pure silver. AgPURE Nanowires is designed for conductive applications. The silver particles show a very good aspect ratio to comply with the high requirements of future markets. The low amounts of silver enable production of Transparent Conductive Surfaces. These materials are strongly desired components for use in displays, photovoltaics and light emitting diodes (LED), as well as for transparent IR-reflection coatings. AgPURE nanowires are: long and ultrathin conduc-tive wires on the basis of pure silver (scale-bar in image: 1 μm; the length is in the range of 5-20 μm; the diameter is around 100 nm.

ADDRESSRas materials Nussbergerstr. 6bRegensburg93059DEUTSCHLANDTel: +49 941 60 717-42

WEBhttp://rasmaterials.com

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Seashell Technologies LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONSeashell Technology LLC was started in 1996 in San Diego, California and is focused on developing na-noscale materials.

PRODUCTSWhile the company manufactures several different types of nanomaterials, they specialize in the produc-tion of silver nanowires. Seashell produces silver nanowires using HiFlex eFilmTM technology. The company’s manufacturing processes can be used to create silver nanorods and nanowires with diameters as thin as 50 nanometers and lengths as great as several hundred microns. Applications are in biomedical, thermal, electronic, metrology, environmental and defense applications.

ADDRESSSeashell Technology, LLC3252 Holiday Ct. # 115La Jolla, California 92037USAT: +1 (858) 638-0315

WEBwww.seashelltech.com

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Sigma-AldrichCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces carbon nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes (buckyballs). Available CNTs are multi-wall nanotubes (MWCNTs), double-wall nanotubes (DWCNTs), and single-wall nanotubes (SWCNTs). In addition, SWCNTs are available with chemical functions covalently grafted to the nanotube outer surface. Fullerenes are available in several degrees of purity and with a wide variety of chemical functions. The functionalized fullerenes include a library of all PCBM derivatives for research in Display and Optoelectronics.

PRODUCTSThe company offers high-purity silicon nanowires. The nanowires are available monodispersed either un-doped or doped (p-type) as well as polydispersed with varying lengths. As analogs to carbon nanotube materials, silicon nanowires are beginning to be realized for applications including field-effect transistors, photovoltaics, sensors, lithium batteries and catalysts. They can be assembled or aligned onto a number of flexible or transparent substrates using both established and cutting-edge methods. One such refined method includes the alignment of individual silicon nanowires between more than 16,000 electrodes us-ing a balanced combination of dielectrophoretic forces and uniform fluid flow.

ADDRESSSigma Aldrich 3050 Spruce Street St. LouisMO 63103United StatesT: +1 3147715765

WEBwww.sigmaaldrich.com

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Sinovia TechnologiesCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONStart-up producing silver nanowire-based transparent conductive films.

PRODUCTSSinovia Technologies has developed the transparent conductive material that they claim will enable breakthrough, next-generation electronics.

[email protected]

WEBwww.sinoviatech.com

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US Nano LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONUS Nano produces semiconducting nanowires.

PRODUCTSCdSe Nanowires CdSe is a semiconductor (type II-VI) with optical absorption in the visible region. CdSe nanomaterials are used in solar cells, electronics, and optical sensors.

ADDRESSUS Nano, LLC1400 E. Angela Blvd., Suite 338South Bend, IN 46617 USAT: +1-574-485-2447

WEBwww. usnanollc.com

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American ElementsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONAmerican Elements is a manufacturer and supplier of rare earth and other advanced material products with distribution offices in Europe, Asia and South America.

PRODUCTSProducing quantum dots from several semiconductor materials, including Cadmium Telluride (CdTe), Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (CdSe/ZnS), Lead Selenide (PbSe) and Zinc Cadmium Selenide/Zinc Sulfide (ZnCdSe/ZnS) nanoparticles with well-defined peak emission frequencies between approximately 470 to 730 nm wavelengths.

ADDRESSAmerican Elements1093 Broxton Ave Ste 2000Los AngelesCalifornia 90024USA T: +1 3102088676

WEBwww.americanelements.com

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CrystalplexCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONCrystalplex Corp. develops and commercializes semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) for optoelec-tronic, security and life science applications.

PRODUCTSThe company produces the following range of quantum dots:• Carboxyl Quantum Dots• Amine Quantum Dots• Hydroxyl Quantum Dots• Alkyl Quantum Dots

TriLite™ nanocrystals are manufactured using alloy gradient technology and exhibit superior brightness and stability compared to standard nanocrystals. Crystalplex’s TriLite™ nanocrystals are used as highly ef-ficient down-converting phosphors and direct emitters in Display Applications and Lighting Applications. For Coatings and Security Applications, TriLite™ nanocrystals are used as fluorescent taggants in security inks, polymers, papers, synthetic fibers and other materials in which it is desired to provide a distinct photonic signature or marking.

ADDRESSCrystalplex Headquarters2403 Sidney Street, Suite 270Pittsburgh, PA 15203USAT: +1 412.246.2044

WEBwww.crystalplex.com

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Evident TechnologiesCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONEvident Technologies produces quantum dots for various markets including life sciences, solid state light-ing, energy, security, telecommunications and emergent nanotechnology markets.

PRODUCTSEvident’s proprietary EviDots™ are high performance semiconductor nanocrystals active throughout the visible spectrum and into the near–infrared. The company’s technology is licensed by Samsung for LED production.

ADDRESSEvident Technologies65 First StreetTroy, New York 12180USAT: +1 518.273.6266

WEBwww.evidenttech.com

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InVisage Technologies, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONInVisage Technologies, Inc. is a venture-backed, fabless semiconductor company based in Menlo Park, Calif. that produces QuantumFilm, QD based image sensors.

PRODUCTSThe product enables the high-resolution images from handheld devices, such as camera phones and PDAs. Its products are used in security and surveillance, automotive imaging, military, and medical imag-ing applications, as well as mobile phone cameras, Webcams, and digital still cameras

ADDRESSInVisage Technologies, Inc.990 Hamilton AvenueMenlo Park, CA 94025USAT: +1 408–916–5560

WEBwww.invisage.com

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Kopin CorporationCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONKopin Corporation is a developer and manufacturer of III-V products and miniature flat panel displays. The Company uses its semiconductor material technology to design, manufacture and market its prod-ucts. Its products enable the customers to develop and markets an improved generation of products for applications in wireless and consumer electronic devices. The Company commercially develops and manufactures Gallium Arsenide-based heterojunction bipolar transistor wafers (HBT transistor wafers) and other commercial semiconductor products that use Gallium Nitride and Gallium Arsenide-based substrates.

PRODUCTSThe company develops indium nitride-based quantum dot solar cells. By using InN-based quantum dots embedded within a higher band gap GaN barrier material, a larger fraction of the solar spectrum can be harnessed while minimizing the effects of high temperatures and high-energy radiation with this promis-ing photovoltaic device. The wide range of energies accessible to InN-based materials provides unique flexibility in designing quantum dot solar cell structures.

ADDRESSKopin Corporation 200 John Hancock Rd. Taunton, MA 02780 USATel: +1 508-824-6696

WEBwww.kopin.com

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LG Display Co., Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONLG Display Co., Ltd. is a Korea-based company engaged in the development, manufacture and sale of display and related accessories.

PRODUCTSThe company has a joint development agreement focused on creating highly-efficient, high-performance active matrix displays based on electroluminescent quantum dot LED (QLED) nanotechnology.

ADDRESSLG Display Co., Ltd.West Tower, LG Twin Towers, 17th Fl., 20 Yoido-dong, Youngdungpo-guSeoul 150-721South KoreaT: +82-2-3777-1010

WEBwww.lgdisplay.com

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Nanoco Technologies LtdCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoco was founded in 2001 as a spinout company from Manchester University’s Chemistry Department. The company currently operates facilities in the UK and Japan. Nanoco partners major R&D and blue-chip industrial organizations in the development of applications incorporating quantum dots.

PRODUCTSNanoco manufactures large quantities of quantum dots. The company’s molecular seeding process for the bespoke manufacture of these quantum dots on a commercial scale is protected by worldwide pat-ents. Nanoco Technologies is presently able to supply production quantities of quantum dots that do not use a regulated heavy metal.

ADDRESSNanoco Technologies LtdGlobal Headquarters46 Grafton Street Manchester, M13 9NT UKT: +44 (0)161 603 7900

WEBwww.nanocotechnologies.com

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NanoPhotonicaCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces Q-LED displays.

PRODUCTSFor display applications, the company’s patented, all-solution-processable quantum dot light-emitting diodes technique (S-QLED®) allows fabrication of displays using ink-jet printing methods. This printing method is well-established and long proven for a variety uses and reduces current fabrica tion costs substantially. NanoPhotonica uses core nanomaterials that enable the company to make simple, very low cost manufacturing techniques possible because plentiful, low-cost elements are used during produc-tion. For solar cell applications, NanoPhotonica-based organic thin-film products will benefit from cost/watt levels that are only 1/3 that of current generation thin-film products, substantially less than fossil fuel levels and at weights that are a fraction of thin-film competitors. The product can be cheaply and easily installed but without the module efficiency and lifetime shortcomings that plague rival organic solutions.

ADDRESSNanoPhotonica5036 Dr. Phillips Blvd.Suite 319Orlando, FL 32819USA

WEBwww.nanophotonica.com

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Nanosquare, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a spin-out from Seoul National University.

PRODUCTSThe company is a manufacturer of quantum dots, which they can mass-produce.

ADDRESSEngineering Building 39–122Seoul National UniversitySan 56-1, Sillim-Dong, Kwanak-GuSeoul 151-744South KoreaT: 82-2-872-0801

WEBwww.nanosquare.co.kr

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Nanosys, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanosys, Inc (Palo Alto) designs products based on a technology platform that incorporates high perfor-mance inorganic nanostructures. Its technology, products, and processes are covered by over 750 patents and patent applications that address a wide range of industries including LED backlighting, LED general lighting, power (batteries and fuel cells), medical applications, next generation NAND Flash memories, Solar, Flat Panel Display driver transistors, and specialized nano-surface coatings (super-hydrophobic, super-adhesive, super-hydrophilic, super-hemostatic).

PRODUCTSCurrently, Nanosys is focused on commercializing its quantum dot and silicon composite anode materials for the LED LCD and lithium ion battery industries.Major funders of the company include Venrock Associates, Samsung, Arch Venture Partners, Intel, El Do-rado Ventures, Polaris Venture Partners, Prospect Ventures, Harris & Harris Group, Lux Capital, Kodak, and Wasatch Advisors.QDEF™ and QuantumRail™ are composed of Nanosys’ proprietary, high efficiency quantum dot phos-phors. They find application in LED displays. Nanosys Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, or QDEF, is an optical film component for LED driven LCD displays. Based on Nanosys’ proprietary high efficiency Quan-tum Dot Phosphors, QDEF enables a new level of LCD display performance by providing a high quality, tri-color white light from a standard blue LED light source. Larger than a water molecule, but smaller than a virus, these tiny phosphors convert blue light from a standard Gallium Nitride (GaN) LED into different wavelengths based upon their size. Larger dots emit longer wavelengths (red), while smaller dots emit shorter wavelengths (green). Blending together a mix of dot colors allows Nanosys to precisely engineer a new spectrum of light to customer specifications.The quantum rail is a glass capillary optical component containing red and green quantum dots that is inserted between the LEDs and the light guide panel (LGP) of an LED LCD display in manufacturing to improve color gamut.

ADDRESSNanosys, Inc.2625 Hanover StreetPalo Alto, CA 94304USAT: +1 650 331 2100

WEBwww.nanosysinc.com

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Navillum Nanotechnologies LLCCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a producer of QDs, spun-out from the University of Utah.

PRODUCTSNavillum Nanotechnologies has developed a process to fabricate quantum dots and other types of semi-conducting nanocrystals.

ADDRESS2500 State St. Rm. G246, South Salt Lake, UT, 84115USAT: +1 (419) 705-1299

WEBwww.navillum.com

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NN-Labs LLC COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNN-Labs LLC is a developer of advanced functional materials including semiconductor, noble metal and magnetic metal oxide nanocrystals.

PRODUCTSCdTeNN-Labs have developed high-quality cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystals for solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. InP/ZnSNN-Labs, LLC produces indium phosphide-based quantum dots as a new environmentally-friendly, heavy metal-free, high performance alternative to cadmium selenide-based (CdSe) quantum dots.

D-dots™Doped semiconductor nanocrystals without the presence of any heavy metal ions, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), or lead (Pb).

ADDRESSNN-LabsPO Box 2168Fayetteville, AR 72702-2168USAT: +1 479-595-0662

WEBwww.nn-labs.com

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NNCrystal US Corporation COMPANY DESCRIPTIONArkansas-based NNCrystal US Corp. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hangzhou Nanjing Technology Ltd. and an exclusive licensee of advanced materials synthesis technology from NN-Labs LLC. NNCrystal is the owner of two patented and trademarked technology platforms for solid-state lighting applications-Qshift Lucid and Qshift Coral. NNCrystal is focused on leveraging its advanced materials capabilities to deliver breakthrough, differentiated and sustainable solutions to the global lighting industry.

PRODUCTSNNCrystal is the owner of two patented and trademarked technology platforms for solid-state lighting applications-Qshift Lucid and Qshift Coral. NNCrystal is focused on leveraging its advanced materials ca-pabilities to deliver breakthrough, differentiated and sustainable solutions to the global lighting industry.

ADDRESS534 West Research Center BlvdSuite 254FayettevilleUSA T: +1 5854908833

WEBwww.nncrystal.com

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Pacific Light Technologies COMPANY DESCRIPTIONPacific Light Technologies is a materials company producing engineered nanomaterials for high-efficien-cy solid-state lighting

PRODUCTSThe company produces PLT Quantum Dots for solid-state lighting.

ADDRESSPacific Light Technologies 2828 SW Corbett Avenue, Suite 3Portland, OR 97201USAT: +1 (503) 802-0529

WEBwww.pacificlighttech.com

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QD Vision COMPANY DESCRIPTIONQD Vision’s Color IQ™ platform enables step-change advances in current generation solutions, such as LCDs, LEDs and even OLEDs, and ultimately a significant leap over these technologies.

PRODUCTSLeveraging a first-tier patent position in nanotechnology originating at MIT, QD Vision is a privately held company based in Watertown, Mass. QD Vision’s Color IQ ™ product platform exploits the unique light-emitting properties of semiconductor nanocrystals for application in LED-based products, with enhanced color quality, high power efficiency, manufacturing versatility, and design flexibility.

ADDRESSQD Vision Corporate Headquarters313 Pleasant StreetWatertown, MA 02472-2491USAT: +1 6176079700

WEBwww.qdvision.com

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QLight NanotechCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company was founded in 2009 and is based in Jerusalem, Israel. QLight Nanotech Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of Yissum Research Development Company Ltd.

PRODUCTSQLight Nanotech is developing quantum dot semiconductor nanoparticles for energy-efficient light sources and displays.

ADDRESSHi-Tech ParkGivat RamJerusalem, 91390IsraelT: +972-2-6584253

WEBhttp://qlightnano.com

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Quantum Materials Corpora-tion, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONQuantum Materials Corporation, Inc. was founded in 2007 and is based in Kingston, Oklahoma.

PRODUCTSQuantum Materials Corporation, Inc., together with its wholly owned subsidiary, Solterra Renewable Technologies Inc., manufactures and commercializes tetrapod quantum dots. The company, using a proprietary quantum dot synthesis method adapted to continuous flow chemistry, produces printed thin-film PV quantum dot solar cells, printed electronics, and colloidal tetrapod quantum dots. It focuses on adapting the R2R quantum dot printing presses for printed electronics via precise high-speed printing processes based on technology similar to screen printing.

ADDRESSQuantum Materials Corporation, Inc. 12326 Scott Drive KingstonOK 73439United States T: +1 214-701-8779

WEBwww.qmcdots.com

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Revolution Lighting Technolo-gies, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONRevolution Lighting Technologies, Inc. engages in the design, manufacture, marketing, and sale of light emitting diode (LED) replacement lamps and fixtures,

PRODUCTSThe company produces Array™ Quantum LED R30 replacement light bulbs. Developed in conjunction with QD Vision, this is the first commercially available LED lamp that utilizes quantum dots to deliver true 2700° Kelvin, high-color rendering (91 CRI) incandescent warm white light at an industry leading 60 lumens per watt.

ADDRESSArray Lighting A Revolution Lighting Technologies Company124 Floyd Smith Drive, Suite 300Charlotte, NC 28262USAT: +1 704.4050416

WEBwww.rvlti.comwww.arraylighting.com/products/array_r30_quantum.html

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Voxtel, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONVoxtel provides high-volume manufacture of nanoparticles-including atomically precise metal, metal oxide, and semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots.

PRODUCTSVoxtel’s products are divided into three product families: (1) wide-bandgap nanocrystals, including several metal oxides, sulfides, and halides (ex. ZnO, ZnS, LaF3, YVO4) that are most often transparent and absorb in the ultraviolet; (2) narrow-bandgap nanocrystals, which absorb in the visible, near infrared, and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectral regions (including various III-V and II-VI material sets such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, PbS, PbSe, CdTe, InP, InSb, and SnTe), and (3) metal nanoparticles.

ADDRESSVoxtel, Inc.15985 NW Schendel Ave. #200Beaverton, OR 97006USAT: +1 9712235646

WEBwww.voxtel-inc.com

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Aculon, Inc. COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces thin-film coatings with non-stick hydrophobic/oleophobic or adhesion-promot-ing functionality.

PRODUCTSAculon’s proprietary “Self-Assembled Monolayer of Phosphonates” (SAMP) methodology can coat sur-faces to impart hydrophobicity, adhesion, or corrosion inhibition. SAMPs can coat metals, metal oxides, glass, ceramics, particles, semiconductors, and even some polymer surfaces by drawing on its library of structurally tailored phosphonic acids. The SAMP is covalently bound to the substrate surface. This per-manent chemical bond is highly stable under ambient conditions.

Markets• Optics: water resistant coating (hydrophobic) and oil-repellant (oleophobic) surfaces to repel water, dust, oil, and dirt on optics. • Display: OEM and Consumer applied coatings that have been developed for electronic displays. Cell phones, PDAs, iPods, iPhones, laptops, and touch screens can be coated with the company’s nanoscale easy-clean coating. • Electronics: non-stick coatings, pro-stick/adhesion coatings, and anti-oxidation coatings can be used on a broad range of materials used in electronic applications

ADDRESSAculon, Inc. 1839 Sorrento Valley RoadDel MarCA 92014United StatesT: +1 8583509474

WEBwww.aculon.com

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Advanced Nano ProductsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company manufactures and supplies chemically processed nanocrystalline materials and their chemical precursors for coating and powder processing applications. Its products include anti-reflection coatings, indium tin oxide (ITO) sputtering target, thin film target, and nano silver ink.

PRODUCTS• Nanocrystalline Powders and Their Dispersion (Sol): ( ITO, ATO, TiO2, Ag, Ag/Pd )• Ceramic Targets for Sputtering and E-beam Evaporation.• Metal Allkoxides and Metal Beta-diketonate Compounds.• Ceramic Precursor Solutions for Coating and Powder Processing Applications.

ANP has developed a high quality of ITO target for its typical applications of ITO-coated substrates include electrodes for flat panel displays, touch panel contacts, energy saving & automobile windows, optoelectronic devides & solar panels, etc.

ADDRESSAdvanced Nano Products Co., Ltd. 244, Euyong Industrial complexKumho-Ri, Euyong-myeonChungwon-KunChungcheongeuk-do, 363942South KoreaT: +82 43 2756962

WEBwww.anapro.com

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Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONFounded in 1940, Air Products is a multi-national supplier of industrial gases and equipment, specialty and intermediate chemicals, and environmental and energy systems. Annual revenues are $6.3 billion.

PRODUCTSAir Products offers a series of ready-to-use nanoparticle dispersions of zinc oxide, indium tin oxide and antimony tin oxide tailored for the development of transparent, colorless coatings with fade-resistant, antistatic, conductive and heat-blocking properties. Derived from a patented technology, these disper-sions are designed to remain stable when added to complex formulations. The company also owns Nano-gate. Main markets are in semiconductor materials, refinery hydrogen, home healthcare services, natural gas liquefaction, and advanced coatings and adhesives.

ADDRESSAir Products and Chemicals, Inc. 7201 Hamilton Boulevard AllentownPA 18195USAT: +1 6104814911

WEBwww.airproducts.com/nano

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American ElementsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONAmerican Elements is a manufacturer and supplier of rare earth and other advanced material products with distribution offices in Europe, Asia and South America.

PRODUCTSThe company’s nanoscale cerium oxide nanoparticles, platinum nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, pal-ladium nanoparticles, molybdenum nanoparticles, nickel nanoparticles and iridium nanoparticles have found use in catalysts for a whole host of chemical synthesis, chemical treatment and chemical cracking applications, including automotive catalytic converters.

I-Mite nanoscale indium powder combines anti-static, transparency, and scratch resistant properties to create an ideal next generation material for electronic packaging, flat panel displays, clean room surfaces and many other applications. Additionally, I-Mite™ indium nanoparticles are electronically conductive. This property is currently being investigated for application in future photovoltaic (solar energy) cell designs and in medical and bioscience imaging technologies.

ADDRESSAmerican Elements1093 Broxton Ave Ste 2000Los AngelesCalifornia 90024USA T : +1 3102088676

WEBwww.americanelements.com

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Baikowski ChimieCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONBaikowski Chimie is a producer of ultrapure sub-micron alumina powders. They also manufacture alu-mina slurries, precision polishing, technical ceramics and additives.

PRODUCTSThe company produces high purity alumina, white fused alumina and other nanopowders for application in transparent ceramics; high-precision optics for lasers, IR imaging and optoelectronics and military and defense applications such as IR missile domes and ceramic armored windows.

ADDRESSBaikowski ChimieBP501 La Balme de Sillingy Cedex F-74339France T: +33 450226912

WEBwww.baikowskichimie.com

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Crocus NanoElectronicsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is developing MRAM technology based on magnetic nanomaterials.

PRODUCTSThe company provide an advanced scalable non-volatile Magnetic Logic Unit™ (MLU) architecture based on Thermally Assisted Switching™ (TAS) MRAM technology, that permits practical implementation of advanced logic and memory capabilities, a first for the industry. Applications are in high density data storage, secure commerce and communications, high performance network processing and high tem-perature automotive and industrial uses for the worldwide market.

ADDRESSCROCUS NANOELECTRONICSVolgogradsky prospect, 46,Stroenie B, korpus 1 Moscow,109316, [email protected]/Fax: +7 495 640 51 86

WEBwww.crocusnano.com/en/

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DupontCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONDuPont offers a wide range of products and services for markets including agriculture and food; building and construction; communications; and transportation. DuPont 2010 Sales were ~ $31.5 Billion.

PRODUCTSThe company produces conductive nanosilver pastes

ADDRESS1007 N Market St, WilmingtonDE 19898, United StatesT: +1 302-774-1000

WEBwww.dupont.com

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Eeonyx CorporationCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONEeonyx develops heat resistant nano-coated magnetic fabrics and conductive plastics for healthcare, athletics, defense and consumer products.

PRODUCTSCompany developments include engineered conductive fabrics, sold under the EeonTex™ name, for anti-static applications, such as in electronic industry clean rooms and engineered conductive fabrics with radar absorbing properties for military uses involving stealth requirements. Eeonyx conductive fabrics are also used as a pressure-sensitive medium in various applications in the sports and medical industry.The latest Eeonyx innovation, incorporating anti-bacterial properties to fabric, is aimed at extending the capabilities of their existing line of ESD (electro-static dissipation) fabrics. The Eeonyx ESD fabrics offer a uniform and continuous nano-scale polymeric ESD coating on any fibrous surface.

ADDRESSEeonyx Corporation750 Belmont Way Pinole, CA 94564USAT: +1 (510) 741-3632

WEBwww.eeonyx.com

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Ferro CorporationCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONFerro Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, produces and sells specialty materials and chemicals in the United States and internationally. It operates in six segments: Performance Coatings, Electronic Materials, Color and Glass Performance Materials, Polymer Additives, Specialty Plastics, and Pharmaceu-ticals. The company provides electronic, color, and glass materials, including conductive metal powders, polishing materials, glazes, enamels, pigments, decoration colors, and other performance materials. It also offers polymer and ceramic engineered materials, such as polymer additives, engineered plastic compounds, pigment dispersions, glazes, frits, porcelain enamel, pigments, inks, and high-potency phar-maceutical active ingredients. The company provides its products for a range of applications in various markets, such as appliances, automobiles, building and renovation, electronics, household furnishings, industrial products, packaging, and pharmaceuticals. The company sells its products to manufacturers of ceramic tile, major appliances, construction materials, automobile parts, glass, bottles, vinyl flooring and wall coverings, and pharmaceuticals directly, as well as through agents and distributors. Ferro Corpora-tion was founded in 1919 and is headquartered in Mayfield Heights, Ohio.

PRODUCTSFerros Nano Silver 7000-95 offers cost-efficient perfor-mance and high-volume availability that can en-able broader commercialization of advanced technologies such as radio frequency identification (RFID), flexible displays, and printed, flexible circuits.

ADDRESSFerro Global Headquarters6060 Parkland Blvd.Mayfield Heights, OH 44124 USATelephone: (216) 875-5600

WEBwww.ferro.com

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Genes’InkCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONGenes’Ink produces industrial quantities of nanoparticles with precise control of shape and size disper-sion up to 2 nm.

PRODUCTSThe company is developing silver nanoparticle inks for printed electronics. For OLEDs and displays, Genes’Ink offers a Zinc oxide ink stable under atmospheric conditions & usable with a screen-printing deposition method.

ADDRESSGenes’Ink24, avenue Gaston Imbert13106 ROUSSET CedexFRANCET: +33(0)4 42 37 05 80

WEBwww.genesink.com

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Hakusui Tech Co. Ltd.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a leading producer of zinc oxide nanoparticles.

PRODUCTSZincox Super F is nanoparticle zinc oxide used as a photo catalyst, deodorant and anti-bacterial agent due to its high BET. It is also used as a UV block agent utilizing its high transparency ratio and its ability to block ultra-violet A. They have also developed nanoparticle zinc oxide for use in electrically conductive applications, Electro-Conductive ZnO.

ADDRESSHakusui Tech Co. Ltd. Izumi Bldg., 3f,3-9-7, ToyosakiKita-ku, 531-0073JapanPhone: 06-6373-0231 (+81-06-6373-0231)

WEBwww.hakusui.co.jp/e/

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Harima ChemicalCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONHarima Chemicals Group produces and markets industrial oil solution such as tall oil, extracts from pine trees, and emulsifiers. The Company also manufactures various chemicals for paper manufacturing and resins for paint and printing ink.

PRODUCTSThe company produces conductive nanosilver pastes for electronics applications.

ADDRESS5F, Nihonbashi Sakuradori Bldg. 3-8-4, NihonbashiCHUO-KU, TKY 103-0027JapanT: +81-3-52053080

WEBwww.harima.co.jp

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Henkel ElectronicsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONHenkel’s product range of conductive, dielectric and other functional polymer thick film inks have been used to apply selective coatings on a variety of flexible and rigid substrates, via screen, flexographic and rotogravure printing methods.

PRODUCTSThe company manufactures conductive ink pastes comprising nanosilver particles.

ADDRESSHenkel Electronics MaterialsN.V. Nijverheidsstraat 7 B-2260WesterloBelgiumPhone: +32.1457.5611

WEBwww.henkel.com/conductive-inks-coatings-27433.htm

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Keeling & WalkerCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a leading global supplier of tin oxide based materials.

PRODUCTSThe company produces ATO nanoparticles for trans parent infrared-reflective and electrically conductive coatings on a variety of substrates including glass and plastic.

ADDRESSKeeling & Walker LimitedWhieldon RoadStoke-on-TrentST4 4JAUnited Kingdom T: +44 (0) 1782 744136

WEBwww.keelingwalker.co.uk

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Marketech InternationalCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces electrically conductive carbon nanofoams.

PRODUCTSNanofoam carbon paper is an alternative to woven carbon cloth for electrodes and are superior to woven carbon fiber electrodes in many applications because of their high surface area, low resistance and high relative capacitance. The electrode material is flexible and can be pre-formed into almost any desired shape. They posses about 20% bulk porosity resulting in good flow characteristics, and have both nano and meso porosity. There is virtually no contact resistance within the carbon electrode.

ADDRESSMarketech International, Inc.192 N. Otto StreetPort Townsend, WA 98368USAT: +1 (360) 379-67

WEBwww.mkt-intl.com

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Methode ElectronicsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces Nano-Silver and Nano-Carbon Inks. www.methode.com

The company are involved in the design, development and application of conductive and resistive inks.

PRODUCTSThe company produces Nano-Silver and Nano-Carbon Inks. www.methode.com/Documents/TechnicalLibrary/MDC_Nano_Inks_Brochure.pdf

ADDRESSMethode Headquarters7401 West Wilson Ave. Chicago, IL. 60706USAT: +1 708.867.6777

WEBwww.methode.com

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NanoMaterials Technology Pte COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNanoMaterials Technology Pte Ltd (NMT) was founded and incorporated in Singapore in 2000.

PRODUCTSNMT specializes in the development, manufacturing, commercialization, and licensing of nano-material products for various markets such as oil and gas, coatings, plastics, glass, electronic materials, pharma-ceutical and specialty chemicals.

ADDRESSNanoMaterials Technology Pte LtdBlk 28 Ayer Rajah Crescent #03-03 Singapore 139959 T: (65) 6270 0733

WEBwww.nanomt.com

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Nanophase Technologies Cor-porationLtdCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company is a leading producer of nanomaterials, especially zinc oxide.

PRODUCTSThe Company’s products are used in the sunscreens, architectural coatings, industrial coating ingredi-ents, abrasion-resistant additives, plastics additives, medical diagnostics, architectural window cleaning and restoration, and a variety of polishing applications, including semiconductors and optics industries.

ADDRESS1319 Marquette DrROMEOVILLE, IL 60466United StatesT: +1-630-7716700

WEBwww.nanophase.com

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NanopyxisCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONThe company produces silver nanowires.

PRODUCTSThe company has developed a AgNW material for coating polyethylene terephthalate (PTE) and glass in roll-to-roll method and will begin mass production in 2014.

ADDRESSRm.312 Eco Business Incubator,820 Palbok-dong 2-ga,Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju-Si, KoreaT: +82-31-776-06411

WEBhttp://nanopyxis.com/main/index.html

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Nisshin Engineering, Inc.COMPANY DESCRIPTIONNisshin Engineering has developed a fine particle processing technology using high frequency heat plasma. The company creates nano size particles of carbides and nitrides for application in catalysts and magnetic recording materials.

PRODUCTSThe company produces silver and copper oxide nanoparticles.

ADDRESSNisshin Engineering Inc. 14-1, Koami-Cho, Nihonbashi Chuo-Ku, Tokyo 103-8544 Japan Phone: +81-3-3660-3088.

WEBwww.nisshineng.co.jp

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UT DotsCOMPANY DESCRIPTIONUT Dots was formed in November of 2005 to commercialize “Chemical Aerosol-Flow Synthesis” technol-ogy from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The company specializes in manufacturing high quality silver and gold nanoinks, commonly used for the production of RFID, displays, solar cells, thin film transistors and in many other areas of printable electronics.

PRODUCTSThe company specializes in manufacturing high quality silver and gold nanoinks, commonly used for the production of RFID, displays, solar cells, thin film transistors and in many other areas of printable elec-tronics.

ADDRESSUT Dots, Inc.2716 W. Clark Rd, Suite EChampaign, IL, 61822USAPhone: +1 217-390-3286

WEBwww.utdots.com

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