nano technology

23
….NANOTECHNOLOGY… …THE NEXT REALLY BIG SMALL..THING..

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Page 1: Nano technology

….NANOTECHNOLOGY……THE NEXT REALLY BIG SMALL..THING..

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INTRODUCTION..

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• It is a field of applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale.

• It is the science of microengineering. Microengineering is the science of engineering that deals with particle manipulation if those particles are smaller than 100 nanometers.

• In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products.

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History…• "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," a talk given by

physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959.

• Richard Feynman won nobel prize for “ fundamental work in quantum electrode”.

• In 1985, researcher reported the discovery of “buckyball”,a round molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms.This led in turn to the 1991 discovery of a related molecular shape known as the “carbon nanotube”.

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CARBON NANOTUBES….

• CARBON NANOTUBES ARE MOLECULAR-SCALE TUBES OF GRAPHITIC CARBON WITH OUTSTANDING PROPERTIES.

• LENGTH TO DIAMETER RATIO GREATER THAN 1,000,000

• JAPANESE SCIENTIST SUMIO IIJIMA DISCOVERED FULLERENE-RELATED CARBON NANOTUBES IN 1991. THE TUBES CONTAINED AT LEAST TWO LAYERS, OFTEN MANY MORE, AND RANGED IN OUTER DIAMETER FROM ABOUT 3 NM TO 30 NM. THEY WERE INVARIABLY CLOSED AT BOTH ENDS.

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• The bonding in carbon nanotubes is sp², with each atom joined to three neighbours, as in graphite. The tubes can therefore be considered as rolled-up graphene sheets (graphene is an individual graphite layer).

• There are three distinct ways in which a graphene sheet can be rolled into a tube, as shown in the diagram below.

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• The first two of these, known as “armchair” (top left) and “zig-zag” (middle left) have a high degree of symmetry.

• The terms "armchair" and "zig-zag" refer to the arrangement of hexagons around the circumference.

• The third class of tube, which in practice is the most common, is known as chiral, meaning that it can exist in two mirror-related forms.

• The structure of a nanotube can be specified by a vector, (n,m), which defines how the graphene sheet is rolled up.

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Medicine..

• Nanomedicines

• Nanoshell

• Nano gels

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Nanorobotics

• Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines ans robots at or close to microscopic scale of a nanometres.

• Engineers are currently working on how doctors would navigate the nanorobots through the body.

• The most interesting method is having a minitelivision camera on the nanorobot to see inside the body and someonewould be able to control the robot to maneuver throughout the body.

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Cancer treatement

• Cancer can be killed without painfull side effect s of chemotherapy.

• Quantumdot.

• Scientists may be able to destroy tumors without killing healthy cells at the same time.

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Space benefits of nanotechnology

• Improvements in shuttles.

• Benefits to the astronauts.

• Cheaper space flights.

• Nanosatellites.

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THANK YOU