NANOTECHNOLOGY

PRASENTED BY….

PRAVEENKUMAR.K.S USN NO 3BK12M066

MECHANICAL DEPT

BASAVAKALYAN ENGINEERING COLLEEGE BASAVAKALYAN

SEMINAR ON.....

GUIDED BY PROF :PRAVEEN .B

Contents 1. INTRODUCTION.

2.DEFINATION

3.TOOLS AND TECHNEQUES

4. APPROCHES USED

5.MATERIAL USED

6.APPLICATION

7.NANO IN INDIA

8.POSIBALITY OF NANOTECH IN FATURE

9.PITFALLS OF NANO

NANO & TECHNOLOGY

A Nanometre is a unit of length in the metricsystem, equal to one billionth of a metre(10-9).

Technology is the making, usage, andknowledge of tools, machines and techniques,in order to solve a problem or perform a specificfunction.

• Nanotechnology is thestudy of manipulatingmatter on an atomicscale.

• Nanotechnology refers tothe constructing andengineering of thefunctional systems at verymicro level or we can sayat atomic level.

• A Nanometer is onebillionth of a meter,roughly the width of threeor four atoms. Theaverage human hair isabout 25,000 nanometerswide.

Defination

A nanometer is…◦ one billionth of a meter

Human Hair: Approx. 1x105 nm

DNA Sample: Approx. 2 nm

How Small Is Nanoscale?

Tools & Technology

There are several important moderndevelopments.◦ The atomic force microscope (AFM).

◦ The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) are scanning probes that launched nanotechnology.

Various techniques of nanolithography suchas:◦ optical lithography.

◦ X-ray lithography,

◦ Dip pen nanolithography

◦ Electron beam lithography(inkjet printer)

were also developed.

Lithography in MEMS context is typicallythe transfer of a pattern into aphotosensitive material by selectiveexposure to a radiation source such aslight.

Carbon Nanotube Carbon nanotubes are allotropes of carbon

with a cylindrical nanostructure.

They have length-to-diameter ratio of upto132,000,000:1.

Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family. Their nameis derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls formed byone-atom-thick sheets of carbon, called graphene.

Properties◦ Highest strength to weight ratio, helps

in creating light weight spacecrafts.

◦ Easily penetrate membranes such ascell walls. Helps in cancer treatment.

◦ Electrical resistance changes significantly when other moleculesattach themselves to the carbon atoms. Helps in developing sensorsthat can detect chemical vapours.

CARBON TUBE AS BUCKY PAPER

The thin sheet made from carbon nano tube

Bucky owns its name from buck minister fullerance

NANOROBOTICS

Nano robots are the controllable devices measured

on the scale of Nanometers to perform the tasks in

both Medical and Industrial fields..

SPECIFICATIONS OF NANOROBOTSThey are made of Carbon atoms in a diamond

structure & light elements such as hydrogen,

oxygen, nitrogen, silicon etc.

Super smooth surfaces.

The nanofactories would use nano-scale tools

capable of constructing nanorobots with exact

specifications.

NANOROBOT AND ITS PARTS

It have a wide range of sensors to navigate through

human body and fast molecular identification.

It may have powerful transport subsystem to

molecular deliver system.

Wide range of computer guided nanomanipulator

also required.

Nanorobots in Cancer treatment

Chemotherapy treatment can affect the body health &

also weaken the body strength , but nanorobots

treatment does not have any adverse effects on body..

The traditional treatment of radiation that kills not

only cancer cells but healthy human cells as well,

causing hair loss, fatigue, nausea, depression, and

many other symptoms, but nanorobots detects only

infected cells and destroys them.

USE OF NANOROBOTS IN HUMAN BODY

A doctor offers the patient an

injection of a nanorobot.

Seeks out cancer cells and

destroy them.

Dispells the disease at the

source, leaving the healthy cells

untouched.

The patients has no awareness of devices working inside

them.

nanorobots 18

An imaginary picture of Nanorobotdestroying the infected cell

Electronics:

– Nano Transistors

– Nano Diodes

– OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)

APPLICATION

Carbon nanotubeson a glass or plastic sheet allow manufacturers to make clear conductive panels for displays that are extremely thin.

Image ©LG

PRAVEEN KUMAR

Life Sciences:

– Targeted Drug Delivery

– Artificial Retina

– Tissue Regeneration

Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Technology

1. Pathogen and Contaminant Detection

Imagine using nanotechnology to create self-healing materials or coatings that can modify agricultural materials or packaging to prevent microbial contamination;

Or sensors which can slow decomposition and detect pathogens before your nose does.

In the near future nanostructured catalysts will

be available which will increase the efficiency of pesticides and herbicides, allowing lower doses to be used.

Nanotechnology may make it possible to manufacture lighter,stronger, and programmable materials that

◦ require less energy to produce than conventional material

◦ and that promise greater fuel efficiency in landtransportation, ships, aircraft, and space vehicles.

• The future of nanotechnology could very well include the useof nanorobotics.

• These nanorobots have the potential to take on human tasksas well as tasks that humans could never complete. Therebuilding of the depleted ozone layer could potentially beable to be performed.

• There would be an entire nano surgical field to help cureeverything from natural aging to diabetes to bone spurs.

• There would be almost nothing that couldn’t be repaired(eventually) with the introduction of nano surgery.

◦ Nano-particles can get into the body through the skin, lungsand digestive system, thus creating free radicals that cancause cell damage.

◦ Once nano-particles are in the bloodstream, they will be ableto cross the blood-brain barrier.

◦ The most dangerous Nano-application use for militarypurposes is the Nano-bomb that contain engineered selfmultiplying deadly viruses that can continue to wipe out acommunity, country or even a civilization.

◦ Nanobots because of their replicating behavior can be bigthreat for GRAY GOO.

• Nanotechnology with all its challenges and opportunities will become a part of our future.

• The researchers are optimistic for the products based upon this technology.

• Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering in the new industrial revolution.

Conclus ion