nanoparticles as oil detectives? - uis · • a passive water tracer moves only with the water •...
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Nanoparticles as oil detectives?
Tor Bjørnstad, Mahmoud Ould Metidji,
Alexander Krivokapic, Sissel O. Viig
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Tor Bjørnstad
Can nanoparticles (NPs) assist in measurement of remaining (or
residual) oil saturation?
Preliminary answer(but for how long?) :
May be….
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Miccroscopic sweep efficiency
Oilwet rock Waterwet rock
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Passive and partitioning tracer –relative speed
Time
Conc
.
Inj.∝ SOR
So = (Tp – Tnp)/[Tp + Tnp(K – 1)]
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• A passive water tracer moves only with the water
• Phase-partitioning tracer distributes betweeen water and oil
• At residual oil saturation water moves, oil is (close to) stagnant
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K = (CTr)o/(CTr)w
Water-oil partitioning: Partition coefficient K
Oil
WaterTor Bjørnstad
Produced volume (or time)
No oil present
OKPassive tracer
Partitioningtracer
Produced volume (or time)
Residual oil
No goodPassive tracerPartitioningtracer
Too small K-value
Trac
er p
rodu
ctio
ncu
rve
(rel
. int
.)
Produced volume (or time)
Residual oil
GoodPassive tracerPartitioningtracer
Suitable K-value
Optimal K-value….6
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Single-well push-and-pull operation7
• Single well push-and-pull tracer application (SWCTT) measures SOR in a volume around a well 5-10 m from wellbore.
Tor Bjørnstad
Hydrolysis reaction
+ +
Ester Water Alcohol Acid
Single Well Chemical Tracer Test8
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00
Unreacted EsterTracer
Volume Produced (bbls)
Material Balance Tracer
Product AlcoholTracer
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 500 1000 1500 20000
50
100
150
200
250
300
Con
cent
ratio
n Tr
acer
s (p
pm)
Con
cent
ratio
n Tr
acer
s (p
pm)
Single Well Chemical Tracer Test Production Curve
600
800
1000
1200
200
400
)1(12
12
−+−
=KVVVVSOR
V1
V2
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Hydrolysis reactionis catalysed by bothacid and base.
Right fig. extracted from SPE/DOE – 24135 by Scott Wellington et al. It is based on values taken from Critical Tables.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
pH
10 -1
10 -2
10 -3
10 -4
10 -5
Hydr
olys
is ra
te k
(min
)
-1 80 C
70 C
60 C
50 C
40 C
Ester hydrolysis rate as function ofpH and T
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Can a passive and a partitioning tracer be used in a SWCTT test?
See next picture frame:
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On backproduction……
The answer is NO!
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What is a nanoparticle (NP)?
General answer:A piece of matter with sizes (diameter, length, width) in the nanometer range (1 nm = 10-9 m).Here:Spherical particles in the 2-100 nm range.
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Size comparison:
10-1 1 10 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
Wat
erm
olec
ule
Prot
ein
DNA
Viru
s
Bact
eria
Red
bloo
dce
ll
Hum
an egg
Larg
eam
oeba
Tenn
isba
ll
Size range of the nanoparticlesof interest here
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Expanded perspective:
Visualize the diameter of a tennis ball expanded to equal the distanceStavanger – Oslo (around 500 km).
A nanoparticle with diameter 10 nmwill, in this perspective, have the sizeof a real tennis ball
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NPs come in different brands and shades:
Micelle DendrimerSuperpara-
magnetic particle Fullerene
Ferritin
Gold shell NP Polymeric NP C-dotsSilica coated met. core
Core-shellQ-dots
Polymer-coated mesoporous silica
Solis lipid NP
Liposome Phospho lipidmicelle
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Sometimes, when working with these «creatures», their behaviour seems
unfriendly…
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Functional Dendrimer18
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Nano-particle with tracer loads19
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Supramolecular MSNP
+ +
+++
O O
OO
O
O
O
O
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+ +
+
++
F
Si
2 +
a. b.21
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Base Addition ⇒ Tracer Release
+ +
+++
Closed
+ +
+++
Open
pHStimulation
+ Base
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0 0
0
00
F
Si
OH2H
+ OH-
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Salt Addition ⇒ Tracer Release
+ +
+++
Closed
Competetivebinding
+ Salt
+ +
+++
Open
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Where…….
Release of color/-fluorescent tracer
Coumarin 460
≡
+
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The future goal (and the hope) is:
Flipping the dyce willgive a unique and positive answer:
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