nanosprings

Nanospring

NanofabricationPresented by: Mehdi Soleymani Goloujeh & Saeede Najafi

Supervisor: Dr. Ab.AkbarzadehMedical Nanotechnology Department

Saeede Najafi – Mehdi Soleymani Tabriz University Of Medical Sciences

April 2014

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A high surface area material with tunable surface chemistry

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Nanosprings Layout

Fullerene

Presentation Layout:

IntroductionFabricationApplicationsConclusions

S.Najafi - M.Soleymani Medical Nanotechnology Department

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Nanosprings IntroductionIntroduction


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Nanosprings

Theoretical studies in the early 1990s resulted in the establishment of a geometrical model of CNCs.

Nanospring structures have been synthesized on certain substrates, such as silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon dioxide, and zinc oxide, geraphite.

IntroductionIntroduction


The first publication on the synthesis of boron carbide nanosprings reported a yield of less than 10%, and similar yields were reported for SiO2 and SiC nanosprings.

The existence of helically coiled carbon nanotubes was first predicted by Ihara et al. and Dunlap in the early nineties and a few years later a Belgian research group reported their experimental observation .

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Nanosprings IntroductionIntroduction

Simple definition: A nanowire wrapped to a helix


One-dimensional nanostructure

Helical nanosprings represent a new variety among the family of one-dimensional nanostructure, A nanospring (coiled spring on the nanometer scale) is a typical example of a nanostructure with a complex shape; nanosprings could potentially serve as functional parts of nanomachines, nanosensors, nanoinductors, and photonic metamaterials.

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Coiled tube with its projection (left) showing d) helix diameter and p) coil pitch.

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Crazy surface area – Up to 10,000 times the surface when compared to its root

Coatings supply versatility

Cheap and easy to grow


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♦ Low growth temperature (<350°C) ♦ Atmospheric pressure process♦ 3-300 microns thick♦ Hydrophilic or Super-hydrophobic♦ 100% accessible surface area (300 m²/g)♦ Easy to functionalize, e.g., silane chemistry ♦ Thermally stable to 1025°C♦ good chiral conductivity ♦ super-elasticity ♦ interesting morphology♦ mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic properties



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FabricationFabricationNanosprings


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Nanosprings Fabrication

A wide variety of well-known and extensively studied nanomaterials with simple shapes, such as: nanoparticles, nanorods, nanocubes, nanosprings and nanotubes have been synthesized using two general approaches: bottom-up (growth) and top-down (decomposition) with template-assisted and template-free methods.

Synthesis methods:CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)VLS (Vapor-Liquid-Solid Method) Wet-Chemical SynthesisMicrofabrication TechniquesSputteringALD (Atomic Layer Deposition)


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CNCs or nanosprings are synthesized mostly using the thermal chemical vapor deposition(CVD) method .

Until now, the majority of nanospring structures have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on certain substrates, such as silicon carbide (SiC), boron carbide (BC), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), without the assistance of templates. This

method usually requires high temperatures, high-purity chemicals, and expensive apparatus.

Amorphous helical SiO2 nanosprings (80 to 140 nm in diameter and up to 8 microns long) were synthesized with CVD.

characterized and manipulated by(SEM) (TEM) (AFM).

The helical nanosprings were observed in the middle of a straight nanowire and were formed by a perturbation during the growth of the straight nanowire.

13S.Najafi - M.Soleymani Medical Nanotechnology Department


Contraction and expansion of the helical nanosprings were observed under in situ electron beam heating during TEM, as well as bending induced by an AFM tip, suggesting that the helical nanosprings are highly flexible .

may have potential applications in nanomechanical, nanoelectronmagnetic devices, and composite materials.




Nanosprings

Wet chemistry is a term used to refer to chemistry generally done in the liquid phase.

A methodology for synthesis of palladium (Pd) nanospring structures using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane template and facile electrochemical deposition.

The hydroxyl-terminated surfaces of alumina nanochannels and localized hydrogen evolution contribute to the growth of Pd atoms at peripheral positions of the alumina nanochannels in the presence of an effectual electric potential.

HCL

PdCl2

CuCl2

Fabrication

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(matter)

Structural characterization including EDS line analysis and element mapping revealed Pd nanodomains curling up on the Cu nanorods.

The lengths of the nanosprings were dictated by the charges transported through electrodeposition, and the diameters of the nanosprings were tunable by altering the diameter of the alumina nanochannels.

Pd nanosprings have potential applications in nanomachines, nanosensors, nanoinductors, and metamaterials.



conventional microfabrication techniques to create a planar pattern in an InGaAs/GaAs bilayer that self-assembles into 3D structures during a wet etch release.

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Fabrication

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The vapor–liquid–solid method (VLS) is a mechanism for the growth of one-dimensional structures, such as nanowires, from chemical vapor deposition. The growth of a crystal through direct adsorption of a gas phase on to a solid surface is generally very slow.

Nanosprings can be synthesized with yield higher than 90% with 100% repeatability.

For nanosprings formed from multiple wire this mechanism dose not apply.

Sputtering is a process whereby atoms are ejected from a solid target material due to bombardment of the target by energetic particles like atoms or ions. A thin-film is formed by this ejected atoms depositing on a substrate

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Nanosprings


Adhesion to a substrate is high

The only film deposition method that an alloy film can form

The high melting point raw materials which are difficult with vacuum deposition method can form a film

It is easy to control attributions of a film

A clean film formation method

Fabrication

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Fabrication


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After synthesis characterization and manipulation using scanning (SEM), transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

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ApplicationsApplications

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Applications

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Nanosprings could potentially serve as functional parts of nanomachines, nanosensors, nanoinductors, and photonic metamaterials.

Nanosprings


when they are applied in the biomedical field they act as efficient carriers due to their super-elasticity and large surface area.

Because of their prominent physical and mechanical properties, CNCs have potential applications in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and bioMEMS. Moreover, coiled carbon nanotubes can also be used as fillers for nanocomposites due to their special morphologies

Applications

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At present, there is great demand for more structurally complex nanomaterials because the shapes of nanomaterials affect their chemical and physical properties. A nanospring (coiled spring on the nanometer scale) is a typical example of a nanostructure with a complex shape; nanosprings could potentially serve as functional parts of nanomachines, nanosensors, nanoinductors, and photonic metamaterials.

Nanosprings Applications


The potential applications of patterned nanospring mats are in chemical and biological sensors, hydrogen storage where extremely large surface area materials are needed, and NEMS.

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Example applications:

♣ Detection utilizing molecular or bio-molecular recognition ♣ Catalytic processing of waste streams ♣ Fuel cell membranes ♣ Heat dissipation in microelectronics ♣ Selective separations or sequestration ♣ Drug delivery through timed release

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Applications


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Nanosprings as Sensors

Applications

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…Applications


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Nanosprings in TE

Applications

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Synthetic osteogenic extracellular matrix formed by coated silicon dioxide nanosprings

Applications

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Nanosprings ConclusionsConclusions


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A Word to Wise Sufficient

Any Question???


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Thanks For Your Patience


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Nanosprings

References:

[1] Kovtyukhova N, Martin B, Mbindyo J, Smith P, Razavi B, Mayer T and Mallouk T 2001 J. Phys. Chem. B 105 8762[2] Dobrokhotov V et al 2006 J. Appl. Phys. submitted[3] Duan X, Wang J and Lieber C M 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 1116[4] Zheng M, Zhang L, Li G, Zhang X and Wang X 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 839[5] Tang Z, Kotov N and Giersig M 2002 Science 297 237[6] Salem A, Searson P and Leng K 2003 Nat. Mater. 2 668[7] Beaux M, Wang L, Zhang D, Gangadean D, McIlroy D, Kwon N, Dziewanowska K and Bohach G 2006 J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. at press[8] Bekyarova E, Ni Y, Malarkey E, Montana V, McWilliams J, Haddon R and Parpura V 2005 J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 1 3[9] Chen X, Motojima S. Morphologies of carbon micro-coils grown by chemical vapor deposition. J Mater Sci 1999;34:5519–24.[10] Takikawa H, Yatsuki M, Miyano R, Nagayama M, Sakakibara T, Itoh S, et al. Amorphous carbon fibrilliform nanomaterials prepared by chemical vapor deposition. Jpn J Appl Phys 2000;39:5177–9.[11] Zhang M, Nakayama Y, Pan L. Synthesis of carbon tubule nanocoils in high yield using iron-coated indium tin oxide as catalyst. Jpn J Appl Phys 2000;39:L1242–4.[12] Kuzuya C, In-Hwang W, Hirako S, Hishikawa Y, Motojima S. Preparation, morphology, and growth mechanism of carbon nanocoils. Chem Vapor Depos 2002;8(2):57–62.[13] Feng C, Liew KM. Energetics and structures of carbon nanorings. Carbon 2009;47(7):1664–9.[14] Liu WC, Lin HK, Chen YL, Lee CY, Chiu HT. Growth of carbon nanocoils from K and Ag cooperative bicatalyst assisted thermal decomposition of acetylene. Acs Nano 2010;4(7):4149–57.[15] Shaikjee A, Franklyn PJ, Coville NJ. The use of transmission electron microscopy tomography to correlate copper catalyst particle morphology with carbon fiber morphology. Carbon 2011;49(9):2950–9.[16] Liu Q, Cui Z-M, Ma Z, Bian S-W, Song W-G. Carbon materials with unusual morphologies and their formation mechanism. J Phys Chem C 2007;111(33):12420–4.

nanosprings

Science

complex shape nanosprings

silicon carbide

high surface area material

synthesis methods

coiled tube

nanospring coiled spring

coiled carbon nanotubes

templatefree methods