Nanotechnology Nanotechnology

Why Nanotechnology?

ULTRASMALL (miniaturized) sensors, communication and navigation systems with very

LOW MASS , VOLUME and POWER COMSUMPTION are NEEDED.

A nano meter is one-billionth or of a meter.

Nanotechnology is the DESIGN, FABRICATION, and UTILIZATION of MATERIALS, STRUCTURES and DEVICES which are less than 100 nm. For comparison, 10 nanometers is 1000 times smaller than the diameter of a human hair.

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Information Technology

Materials and Manufacturing

Health and Medicine

Energy and Environment

Transportation

Defense

Space exploration

Information Technology

Materials and Manufacturing

Health and Medicine

Energy and Environment

Transportation

Defense

Space explorationNanotechnology is anenabling technology

Examples of Nanomaterials

Zinc Oxide Copper Oxide

Aluminium

Silver

Carbon Nanotubes

Why Nanotechnology?Why Nanotechnology? Fundamentally new properties Nanophase copper is five times stronger than the ordinary metals Nanophase ceramics are highly resisting to breaking

Exciting new materials Carbon nanotubes are fantastic conductors

Strange and Fancy Size Dependent Behavior!!! Nanoparticles of Gold are pink in color

Carbon Nanotubes - CNTCarbon Nanotubes - CNT

SEM images. Diameter range: 5nm - 15 nm

Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon. Their name is derived from their size, since the diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers while they can be up to several millimeters in length.

Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon. Their name is derived from their size, since the diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers while they can be up to several millimeters in length.

Carbon Nanotubes PropertiesCarbon Nanotubes Properties

Everything changes at nanometer scale!

Physical properties Applications

Mechanical strength, toughness

Chemical bonding, reactivity

Thermal insulators, conductors

Electrical conductivity

Optical absorption, reflectivity

high strength low weight composites chemical and biological sensors and receptors high power or high temperature application Microelectronics high bandwidth fibers or waveguides

The strongest and most flexible molecular material because of C-C covalent bonding

Young’s modulus of over 1 TPa vs. 70 GPa for Aluminum, 700 GPA for C-

fiber

Maximum strain ~10% much higher than any material

Carbon Nanaotubes Properties

Carbon Nanaotubes Properties

Diodes and transistors for Computing Capacitors Data Storage Field emitters for

instrumentation Flat panel displays

CNT Application: Electronics

CNT Application: Electronics

CNT based microscopy: AFM, STM… Nanotube sensors: force, pressure, chemical… Biosensors Molecular gears, motors Batteries, Fuel Cells: H2, Li storage Biomedical

- Drug delivery- DNA sequencing- Artificial muscles, bone

replacement,bionic eye, ear...

Carbon nanotubes Application: Sensors, Bio Carbon nanotubes Application: Sensors, Bio

Conventional silicon or tungsten tips wear out quickly. CNT tip is robust, offers amazing resolution.

CNT Interconnects CNT Interconnects

CNT advantages: Small diameter Highly conductive along

the axis High mechanical strength

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2+

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3+

2+

CNT DNA SensorUsing Electrochemical

Detection

CNT DNA SensorUsing Electrochemical

Detection

Carbon nanotube array electrode functionalized with DNA/PNA probe as

an ultrasensitive sensor for detecting the hybridization of target

DNA/RNA from the sample.

NanolasersNanolasers.

Light emission from a semiconductor nanowire-typically 10-100 nanometers wide and a few micrometers long-functions as a laser. Lasers made from arrays of these wires have many potential applications in communications and sensing

Examples of NanomaterialsExamples of

Nanomaterials• Inorganic nanowires• Protein nanotubes• Nano in gene sequencing• Carbon Nanotubes

- CNT based nanoelectronics

- CNT based microscopy

- CNT interconnects

- CNT based biosensors

- CNT chemical sensors