naomi m. levine - cpaess
TRANSCRIPT
Naomi M. Levine
NOAA C&GC Postdoctoral Fellow Harvard University
Dierdre Toole (WHOI)
Scott Doney (WHOI)
John Dacey (WHOI)
Vanessa Varaljay (UGA)
Mary Ann Moran (UGA)
Aimee Neeley (BIOS)
Funding:
• NOAA C&GC Fellowship
• NDSEG Fellowship
• EPA STAR Fellowship
• Ocean Venture Fund
• Scurlock Fund
• NSF grants: OCE02-23869, OCE-0623034, OCE-072417, OCE-0525928,
OCE-0425166
dimethylsulfide (DMS)
18-42% sulfate aerosol mass 80-90% marine biogenic sulfur
Woodhouse et al 2010
14% increase in DMS (11% offset in warming) Gabric et al 2004
10% decrease in DMS (17% increase in warming) Kloster et al. 2007
DMSP DMS
chemical
physical biological
• How much? (concentration)
• How fast? (rate)
chemical
physical biological
DNA RNA Enzyme
Who’s there?
Who’s active?
Biogeochem active?
chemical
physical biological
• What conditions?
(mixing, light…)
Gene Abundance & Expression
Enzyme Activity
Concentration
Consumption Rate
Fluo
resc
ence
Cycle
DM
S [n
M]
Time (min)
Month
Dep
th (
m)
Temperature
2008.2 2008.3 2008.4 2008.5 2008.6 2008.7 2008.8−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Month
Dep
th (
m)
TOC:DMSPd
2008.2 2008.3 2008.4 2008.5 2008.6 2008.7 2008.8−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Months
Dep
th (
m)
DMS Consumption (nM/day)
F M A M J J A S O N−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Months
Dep
th (
m)
ES(339.8)Dose
20% of average summer surface UV−A
J F M A M J J A S O N−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Month
Dep
th (
m)
DMSPd Consumption Rate (per day)
F M A M J J A S O N−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Temp Light (14 λ) DMS DMSPd DMSPp
TOC TOC:DMSP NO3 Si PO4
dDMS/dt dDMSP/dt Bact Abund C demand Season, Depth …
Month
Dep
th (
m)
Temperature
2008.2 2008.3 2008.4 2008.5 2008.6 2008.7 2008.8−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Month
Dep
th (
m)
TOC:DMSPd
2008.2 2008.3 2008.4 2008.5 2008.6 2008.7 2008.8−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Months
Dep
th (
m)
DMS Consumption (nM/day)
F M A M J J A S O N−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Months
Dep
th (
m)
ES(339.8)Dose
20% of average summer surface UV−A
J F M A M J J A S O N−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Month
Dep
th (
m)
DMSPd Consumption Rate (per day)
F M A M J J A S O N−100
−90
−80
−70
−60
−50
−40
−30
−20
−10
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
Temp Light (14 λ) DMS DMSPd DMSPp
TOC TOC:DMSP NO3 Si PO4
dDMS/dt dDMSP/dt Bact Abund C demand Season, Depth …
Toole et al. in prep
DMSPp
DMS
DMSPp
DMS
Toole et al. in prep
Levine et al. submitted
dmdA expression: Copies per L
Levine et al. subm
Gene expression: Copies per L UV-A light Dose (W/m2/day)
Levine et al. submitted
p p p
Levine et al. submitted
UV-A intolerant (86% under low UV-A dose)
Gene expression: Copies per L
= DMS producing gene expression
Bacterial DMS Producing Enzyme Activity Phytoplankton DMS Producing Enzyme Activity
Levine et al. submitted
Bacterial DMS Producing Enzyme Activity
UV-A tolerant (33% under high UV-A dose)
Levine et al. submitted
y UV-A light Dose (W/m2/day)
Phytoplankton DMSP lyase activity
UV-A dependent (88% under high UV-A dose)
Levine et al. submitted
Phytoplankton DMS Producing Enzyme Activity ty UV-A light Dose (W/m2/day)
� � � � � � � � � �
�
�
�����������������������������!�"�#�$�������������������������
��
��"
��"#
���
��$�
���
��
�
�����
���������� �
����"��"#�����$��
��
���
��
��
���
Levine et al. submitted
� � � � � � � � � �
�
�
�����������������������������!�"�#�$�������������������������
��
��"
��"#
���
��$�
���
��
�
�����
���������� �
����"��"#�����$��
��
���
��
��
���
DMSpredicted= Production – Loss
Production = a*DMSphytoplankton + b*DMSbacteria Loss = c*DMSconsumption + d*DMSphotolysis
Levine et al. submitted
Levine et al. submitted
Levine et al. submitted
Spring, Summer, Fall
Both phytoplankton and bacteria contribute to DMS production
UV-A Intolerant
UV-A dependent
Light (UV-A dose) plays an important role in DMSP degradation and DMS production