Napoleon’s Empire

Napoleon was a war hero at the time of the French Revolution.

He forced his way to a disorganised “Directorio” and

made himself emperador.

Social Achievements

• Napoleonic Code: same laws for all people (except women and slaves )

• Lycees: Public Schools for all• Concordat: Patch relationship with

Catholic Church• National Bank and Tax Reform: To fix

France’s financial Problems

Empire Abroad

Americas:

• Louisiana territories

• Guiana

• Saint-Domingue (Haiti)

However…Sells Louisiana Territory to U.S. for $15 million to finance war, spite British

Slave revolt in Saint-Domingue creates world’s first black republic (Haiti

Ambitions in Europe:

Emperor of France

Controls : Spain Confederation of Rhine, Grand Duchy of Warsaw, Italy, Kingdom of Naples, Switzerland

Europe Empire Map

Napoleon Reaches His Peak from 1807-1812…

But, Problems Are Forming:

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• France’s Empire is huge and difficult to control

Three Costly Mistakes:

1. The Continental System

2. The Peninsular War

3. The Invasion of Russia

Continental System - November 1806

A blockade designed to cut England off from Europe– To destroy British trade– To exclude it from Europe’s affairs

Problems with Continental SystemWas not executed correctly –

Weakened economy of France

Made others rebel against Napoleon

The Peninsular War - 1808

• Portugal ignored Continental System• Napoleon sent army through Spain • to overthrow Royal Family• Spanish towns rioted in • Napoleon deposed Spanish king • He made his brother king of Spain and

Portugal• Port. Royals fled to Brazil,

This made the Spanish angry

– Very loyal to king

– Engaged in 5 years of guerrilla warfare, which cost Napoleon 300,000 troops

– Other countries like Germany and Italy also started guerrilla warfare

Goya- picture of an execution during the Spanish Civil War

3rd mistakeInvasion of Russia - 1812

Invading Russia = Napoleon and Czar of Russia were allies

– Napoleon thought that czar was selling grain to Britain

– N. feared that czar wanted Poland from France– N. decided to invade Russia

Invasion of Russia

• June, 1812: 420,000 Grand Army enters Russia

• December 1812: 10,000 surviving soldiers leave Russia

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7uYKnmpllk

Sept. 14, 1812: Entered MoscowCzar ordered it burned down

– ScorchedEarth Policy: EVERYTHING destroyed to keep from French:

– Barefoot, starving soldiers attacked by Russians– deaths and desertions

– Temperature: on one day, -30º: Birds fell dead from sky

Results

• Oct. 1813 - N. no longer has trained army -• Jan. 1814 - Austrians and Russians enter Paris• April 1814 - Napoleon abdicates, accepts

surrender written by czar

• Napoleon given pension and banishment to Elba

100 days

• New French king: Brother of Louis XVI installed as ruler

• New French king unpopular

• Napoleon escapes Elba and lands in France

• Within days, becomes Emperor again and Louis XVIII flees

Waterloo

• Fought between Napoleon and British

• June 15-17, 1815: French lost

• Exiled to St. Helena

• Died 6 years later

After Napoleon

• In 1815. the nations that had joined together to defeat Napoleon (Austria. Russia. Prussia and Britain) held a meeting - the Congress of Vienna..

• .

Life of Napoleon Bonaparte

1769 – Napoleon Bonaparte born August 15, 1769.

1796 – Napoleon Bonaparte marries Josephine de Beauharnias.

1796 – Napoleon made commander of Army of Italy.

1798 – Napoleon’s Egyptian campaign.

1799 – Napoleon becomes member of Consulate government.

1802 – Napoleon named first consul for life.

1804 – Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of France.

Life of Napoleon Bonaparte 1810 – Napoleon marries Marie Louise.

1812 – Napoleon reaches Moscow.

1814 – Napoleon forced to abdicate, exiled to Elba.

1815 – Napoleon returns to France, defeated at Battle of Waterloo, exiled to St. Helena.

1821 – Napoleon Bonaparte dies May 5, 1821.

• England • 1760-1815 George III

• 1815-1830 George IV