napoleon rules france. napoleon bonaparte (1769-1821)
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Napoleon Rules FranceNapoleon Rules France
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)
Napoleon Comes to PowerNapoleon Comes to Power
● ● 1799 1799 The DirectoryThe Directory asks General asks General Napoleon to help subdue uprisingsNapoleon to help subdue uprisings
● ● Afterwards Afterwards NapoleonNapoleon decides to assume decides to assume power over the government: declares power over the government: declares himself the new ruler of Francehimself the new ruler of France
((Had control of the army)Had control of the army)
Napoleon Rules FranceNapoleon Rules France 1800 French people voted for Napoleon to 1800 French people voted for Napoleon to
be the leader if France (after he was be the leader if France (after he was already in power!!!)already in power!!!)
France achieved stability under NapoleonFrance achieved stability under Napoleon
Napoleon’s AchievementsNapoleon’s Achievements strong central governmentstrong central government
stabilizes the French economystabilizes the French economy
eliminated government corruptioneliminated government corruption
Relationship with the Church Relationship with the Church
Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code
French EconomyFrench Economy NapoleonNapoleon set up an equal tax collection set up an equal tax collection
system (all 3 estates paid taxes!!!)system (all 3 estates paid taxes!!!)
Napoleon established a National Bank Napoleon established a National Bank for the government to borrow $ fromfor the government to borrow $ from
Napoleon eliminated government Napoleon eliminated government corruptioncorruption
He fired corrupt government officialsHe fired corrupt government officials
Set up Set up LycesLyces: : government run public schools: for rich and government run public schools: for rich and poor childrenpoor children
Became a model for public schools in AmericaBecame a model for public schools in America
Lyces (Lyces (Public Schools)Public Schools)
NapoleonNapoleon signed a signed a Concordat Concordat ((agreement) with agreement) with Pope Pius VIIPope Pius VII
Church would keep its prestige in France but not itsChurch would keep its prestige in France but not itscontrol over French affairscontrol over French affairs
agreement kept the French people happy, kept Napoleon inagreement kept the French people happy, kept Napoleon inthe favor of the Catholic Churchthe favor of the Catholic Church
Relationship with the ChurchRelationship with the Church
Napoleonic CodeNapoleonic Code His greatest achievement: a comprehensive His greatest achievement: a comprehensive
system of laws system of laws
The code promoted order and authority over The code promoted order and authority over individual rightsindividual rights
Brought order back to FranceBrought order back to France
Napoleonic Code (con’t)Napoleonic Code (con’t)
Women lost the right to Women lost the right to own/sell propertyown/sell property
Freedom of speech and Freedom of speech and the press were the press were restrictedrestricted
Allowed slavery again in French Allowed slavery again in French coloniescolonies
All of these were rights All of these were rights the Directorythe Directory had had granted; and Napoleon lessonedgranted; and Napoleon lessoned
Napoleon’s Empire 1811Napoleon’s Empire 1811
Napoleon’s EmpireNapoleon’s Empire December 2, 1804: Napoleon crowns December 2, 1804: Napoleon crowns
himself Emperor of Francehimself Emperor of France
Napoleon: Emperor of FranceNapoleon: Emperor of France
Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar October 21, 1805: off the coast of SpainOctober 21, 1805: off the coast of Spain Naval Battle: Napoleon and Spanish allies Naval Battle: Napoleon and Spanish allies
vs. Great Britainvs. Great Britain France lost 22 ships; Great Britain lost 0!!!France lost 22 ships; Great Britain lost 0!!! Great Britain’s victory ensures Napoleon will Great Britain’s victory ensures Napoleon will
never invade Great Britain: never invade Great Britain: beginning of beginning of Napoleon’s downfallNapoleon’s downfall
Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar
Napoleon’s Battles MapNapoleon’s Battles Map
Napoleon’s 3 Big Mistakes
Peninsular War Trade Embargo Invasion of Russia
Peninsular War 1808-1814Peninsular War 1808-1814
Peninsular WarPeninsular War 1808-1814 1808-1814
Peninsular WarPeninsular War 1808-1814 1808-1814
Peninsular WarPeninsular War 1808-1814 1808-1814 February 1808 Napoleon Invades SpainFebruary 1808 Napoleon Invades Spain
Spanish fought the French usingSpanish fought the French using
Guerilla TacticsGuerilla Tactics: Hit and Run, : Hit and Run,
Hide and seekHide and seek
Peninsular WarPeninsular War (con’t) (con’t) Great Britain sends aid to Spanish Guerillas Great Britain sends aid to Spanish Guerillas
for the first few yearsfor the first few years
By 1811 Great BritainBy 1811 Great Britainand Portugal joinand Portugal join
Spain against Spain against
Napoleon Napoleon
VS.VS.
Peninsular War ResultsPeninsular War Results Spain and Portugal nearly destroyed: left in Spain and Portugal nearly destroyed: left in
disarray until 1850s disarray until 1850s French Army severely weakened: allows Napoleon French Army severely weakened: allows Napoleon
to be defeated laterto be defeated later Allows Great Britain to build other alliances Allows Great Britain to build other alliances
against Napoleonagainst Napoleon Allows Great Britain to become preeminent power Allows Great Britain to become preeminent power
in Europein Europe
Trade Embargo Trade Embargo 18061806 Napoleon did not want any nation under his Napoleon did not want any nation under his
control trading with Great Britaincontrol trading with Great Britain As a result he forbade France and all nations he As a result he forbade France and all nations he
controlled from any foreign trade whatsoevercontrolled from any foreign trade whatsoever Trade Embargo Trade Embargo crippled French economycrippled French economy Most controlled nations ignored the embargo and Most controlled nations ignored the embargo and
traded with Britain any waystraded with Britain any ways
Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase
Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase NapoleonNapoleon sells Louisiana Territory to America sells Louisiana Territory to America
1803: to raise money for his wars with Great 1803: to raise money for his wars with Great Britain (Britain (Amer. Pres. Thomas JeffersonAmer. Pres. Thomas Jefferson))
America pays $15 million for 530 million total America pays $15 million for 530 million total acres: Doubles America’s sizeacres: Doubles America’s size
Napoleon Invades Russia 1812Napoleon Invades Russia 1812
Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 Russia began to ignore Trade Embargo in 1811Russia began to ignore Trade Embargo in 1811
Napoleon was pissed: used as an excuse to Napoleon was pissed: used as an excuse to invade Russiainvade Russia
June 22, 1812 Napoleon takes 600,000 troops to June 22, 1812 Napoleon takes 600,000 troops to invade Russiainvade Russia
Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 Russians continuously retreated deeper into Russians continuously retreated deeper into
Russia: burned everything as they retreated:Russia: burned everything as they retreated:
Slash and Burn TacticsSlash and Burn Tactics
This prevented Napoleon’s
Troops from replenishing
Food, supplies, water,
Shelter Clothing, etc.
Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 By the time Napoleon reached Moscow it By the time Napoleon reached Moscow it
was destroyed and Russian government was destroyed and Russian government was gonewas gone
Napoleon’s Invasion gained nothing!!!Napoleon’s Invasion gained nothing!!!
Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 November 1812 Napoleon finally decides to retreat November 1812 Napoleon finally decides to retreat
from Russia during a harsh winterfrom Russia during a harsh winter
Napoleon Invades RussiaNapoleon Invades Russia 1812 1812 Napoleon Invades Russia with 600,000+ Troops: He leaves Napoleon Invades Russia with 600,000+ Troops: He leaves
with less than 40,000with less than 40,000 Most died from starvation,Most died from starvation,
Hunger, freezing, not combatHunger, freezing, not combat
The Russian Invasion permanently cripples Napoleon’s The Russian Invasion permanently cripples Napoleon’s armyarmy
The Russian Invasion Allows Napoleon The Russian Invasion Allows Napoleon
to be ultimately defeated to be ultimately defeated
soon aftersoon after
Napoleon’s DownfallNapoleon’s Downfall
Napoleon’s enemies take advantage of his Napoleon’s enemies take advantage of his weaknessesweaknesses
Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, and Austria Britain, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, and Austria join forces against himjoin forces against him
Battle of LeipzigBattle of Leipzig October 1813, GermanyOctober 1813, Germany Napoleon’s army was now weak and Napoleon’s army was now weak and
inexperiencedinexperienced The allies cut his army up easilyThe allies cut his army up easily Beginning of the end for NapoleonBeginning of the end for Napoleon
Napoleon’s DownfallNapoleon’s Downfall March 1814 the Russian Czar and Prussian March 1814 the Russian Czar and Prussian
King parade through ParisKing parade through Paris
Napoleon’s DownfallNapoleon’s Downfall Napoleon wanted to fight on, his generals refusedNapoleon wanted to fight on, his generals refused
April 1814, Napoleon agreed to surrenderApril 1814, Napoleon agreed to surrender
was exiled to Elba (a tiny island off the Italian coast)was exiled to Elba (a tiny island off the Italian coast)
ElbaElba
ElbaElba
Napoleon’s ComebackNapoleon’s Comeback King Louis XVIIIKing Louis XVIII (brother (brother
of King Louis XVI) of King Louis XVI) becomes king of Francebecomes king of France
he quickly became unpopular he quickly became unpopular amongst the peasants for amongst the peasants for trying to restore the old (pre-trying to restore the old (pre-revolution) order to Francerevolution) order to France
News spread to Napoleon
Napoleon escaped Elba
Napoleon’s ComebackNapoleon’s Comeback
easily able to rally support and an army
European allies got their armies ready
Napoleon was again emperor of France
Within days they invaded Paris and Louis fled to the border
Volunteers signed up immediately to oust Louis XVIII
March 1, 1815 Napoleon landed in France again
Battle of WaterlooBattle of WaterlooJune 15, 1815June 15, 1815
Battle of WaterlooBattle of Waterloo
Napoleon attacked the British at Waterloo, BelgiumNapoleon attacked the British at Waterloo, Belgium The Prussian army arrived later in the day to help the The Prussian army arrived later in the day to help the
BritishBritish
Battle of WaterlooBattle of Waterloo 2 days later Napoleon’s army fled the battle field in 2 days later Napoleon’s army fled the battle field in
defeat June 1815defeat June 1815 this ended Napoleon’s last bid for power (called this ended Napoleon’s last bid for power (called The The
Hundred DaysHundred Days))
Napoleon’s 2Napoleon’s 2ndnd Downfall Downfall Napoleon was this time exiled to St. Helena (s Napoleon was this time exiled to St. Helena (s
remote island in the South Atlantic)remote island in the South Atlantic) He lived there in lonely exile for 6 yearsHe lived there in lonely exile for 6 years He died of stomach cancer in 1821He died of stomach cancer in 1821
St. HelenaSt. Helena
Napoleon’s Legacy Napoleon’s Legacy He was a military genius and brilliant administratorHe was a military genius and brilliant administrator Millions of lives were lost in his warsMillions of lives were lost in his wars His legal code and reforms in French government His legal code and reforms in French government
outlived himoutlived him Napoleon’s defeat allowed European countries to Napoleon’s defeat allowed European countries to
establish the new government in France: establish the new government in France:
They brought back King Louis XVIII to rule as a They brought back King Louis XVIII to rule as a Constitutional MonarchConstitutional Monarch
Congress of Vienna 1815Congress of Vienna 1815 Meeting of major powers of Europe after Napoleon’s 2Meeting of major powers of Europe after Napoleon’s 2ndnd
DownfallDownfall Purpose was to bring stability to Europe with Napoleon out Purpose was to bring stability to Europe with Napoleon out
of the wayof the way Redrew the map of EuropeRedrew the map of Europe Temporarily Resolved differences between European Temporarily Resolved differences between European
nations nations Many weaker nations and France not happy with resultsMany weaker nations and France not happy with results
Restores King Louis XVIII as rulerRestores King Louis XVIII as ruler ofof FranceFrance
Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna 1815 1815