narrative theory - evie markham

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  • 1. Evie Markham Narrative Theory

2. Equilibrium Changes TzvetanTodorov In this theory, Todorov states that in a conventional narrative, whether it be a book, film, music or video there are always 5 stages: The first stage is where the life is normal, this is the equilibrium. Stage two is where there is a disruption to the equilibrium by and event. Stage three is a recognition that the disorder has occurred. Stage four is an attempt to repair the damage of the disruption. The final stage is a return or restoration of a new equilibrium. 3. Barthes Theory of Narrative Barthes said that: a text had no beginning, that it is reversible, we can gain access to it by many entrances. Meaning: The text needs to be unravelled Unravelling can lead to several potential meaning We can look at text from one perspective and create one meaning You can continue by unravelling the narrative from a range of angles and create new meanings. Barthes narrowed down to these Five Codes which can be present in any narrative: The Action Code resolution is produced through action eg. Battle The Enigma Code where tension is built up and audience left questioning The Symbolic Code new meaning comes from conflicts/opposing ideas The Cultural Code looks at the audiences wider cultural knowledge/morality/ideology The Semantic Code story has an additional meaning/underlying connotation 4. Strausss Theory of Narrative binary oppositions Straus suggested the theory of binary opposites where two qualities or subjects are direct opposites of each other. He says it is crucial in most films to create conflict This theory helps reveal the underlying themes and symbolism in many media texts. Good vs Evil Hero vs Villain Weak vs Strength Domestic vs Savage Inside society vs Outside society 5. Vladimir Propps theory of Narrative Propps suggested that characters took the role of narrative spheres of action or a function. He states there is 7 main character types: Hero accompanies the hero for some or most of the quest Villain sends the hero on the quest Helper gives the hero important information or equipment for the quest Mentor seeks riches, glory and power and seeks to stop the hero succeeding in the quest Dispatcher tries to prevent the hero completing at least part of the quest Blocker acts as a reward for the hero succeeding the question