narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. henry young 1982
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Narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. Henry Young 1982
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Narrow tank productivity in the 46 spectra. Henry Young 1982
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35 kW / m x 400 km = 14 GW
Installed capacity (2009) = 12.2 GW
Planned 19 GW
Peak demand ~ 6 GW
14 GW x 8760 hours = 122 TWH
Annual Scottish demand = 29 TWH
Ratio 4.2
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Narrow tank freak wave tests 1978
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Inflation from1998 to 2013 is 1.43
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2013 – 1982 = 31 years
Cable length 43 km = 1333 km years.
At 10 km years per fault this is 133 faults.
From Lords Select Committee on European Communities HL paper 88 May 1988
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What’s wrong with wave energy?
Control by nuclear people >False information
Impatient investors >Unreliable components > Ignorance of stresses
Waste of sea front by solo devices
Inadequate installation equipment
Preference for vertical motion.
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No names, no pack drill.
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Unswept flow passage ≡ leaky pipe
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Open flow field Power1
2 Area Velocity
316
27
Duct Power g Area Velocity Head
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R.A. McAdam , G.T. Houlsby , M.L.G. OldfieldStructural and Hydrodynamic Model Testing of the Transverse
Horizontal Axis Water Turbine EWTEC 2011
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Edinburgh vertical-axis, variable-pitch with rim power take off.
EWTEC Patras 1998
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Edinburgh vertical-axis, variable-pitch with rim power take off.
EWTEC Patras 1998
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Cells are 1 minute of arc lat. 1.5 minutes long = 2.617 km2.
Power = 6.165 TW x CfCourtesy Proudman Labs
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From Black and Veatch 2011.
Using values for the Pentland Firth U = 3m/s, ρ = 1025 kg/m3, channel length = 23 km,
channel width = 10 km
in combination with a more appropriate bed friction coefficient CD = 0.0015 energy dissipated due to bed friction averaged over a tidal cycle calculated is 4.05 GW.
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Laminaria Hyperborea (kelp) are found along the
edges of the Pentland Firth at depths up to 30 m.
Length can reach 3.5 metres.
Cf = ?
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Pentland bed stills. P Hayes. Fisheries Research Aberdeen 2006-8
68 mm bob
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70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2Downstream force on a 140 diameter rotor as a fraction of ideal
1.2
0
fdsi 4
FDSi 4
DR
2
DR2
Xi
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What’s wrong with tidal stream designs?
Ignorance of flow impedance.
> Wrong energy input
Open flow field equation in a ‘duct’ > Swept area too small
Wrong blade support > Bearing load levered up
Cramped power compartment
Tip vortex losses
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Google images
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Speed up x 30Range up x 6000
Payload up x 20,000Cost per ton-mile down ÷ 100
Google images
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Something for the simpletons