nasa seawifs dynamics of calanus finmarchicus resting populations in the gulf of maine whitley...
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NASA SeaWiFS
Dynamics of Calanus finmarchicus RestingPopulations in the Gulf of Maine
Whitley SaumweberUniversity of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography
Stage C5 Calanus finmarchicus
Temperature (C)
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
-70.5 -70 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -68 -67.5 -67 -66.5 -66
Longitude
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
Latti
tude
Tem perature at z = 60m , August 2001
JB
W B GBNEC
SS
SW
-70.5 -70 -69.5 -69 -68.5 -68 -67.5 -67 -66.5 -66
Longitude
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
Latti
tude
Tem perature at z = 199m , August 2001
JB
W B GBNEC
SS
SW
Two Survivorship Models
Ingvarsdottir et al (1999)• Z = Wt Specific Respiration• Ct = Total Carbon Weight• Ct = Coe(ln(1-z)*t)
• 70% Total C is Storage C• Death occurs at Ct/Co = 0.3• No inclusion of C reserve for spring molt or reproduction
Two Respiration Models for C. finmarchicus
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 50 100 150 200
Days
Ingvarsdottir Miller
Two Respiration Models for C. finmarchicus at 5ºC
Miller• Ct+1 = Ct-(Z*Cs)• 70% Total C is Storage C• Death occurs at Ct/Co = 0.3• No inclusion of C reserve for spring molt or reproduction
Station Key Abr. # Depth
June Cruise C1
August Cruise C2
Slope Water SW S1
Northeast Channel NEC S2
Scotian Shelf SS S3
Georges Basin GB S4
Jordan Basin JB S5
Wilikinson Basin WB S6
Shallow Net N3 0-100m
Deep Net N1150m-Bottom
Longitude (W)
Lat
itud
e (N
)
-71° -70° -69° -68° -67° -66° -65°40°
41°
42°
43°
44°
45°
S S
G B
J B
W B
N E C
S W
Cruise Stations, June 2001 – August 2001
NRtot eWW
.,OilSacVolLengthfN Copepod Weight (Nitrogen)
RQTfR , Nitrogen Specific Respiration
.)(OilSacVolfWo Initial Weight of Lipid Reserves (Carbon), Miller et al. 1998
t = time (days)
3.0max
FW
Wt“Death” occurs when
)(max LengthfW Maximum Possible Weight of Lipid Reserves
Prosome
PL = 2.4mm
Urosome
Stage C5 Calanus finmarchicus
Prosome Length
ASL
Stage C5 Calanus finmarchicus
Cylindrical Approximation
OSV = (SLπD2)/4
D = A/SL
Oil Sac Volume
LAD Quantile (0.95) Regression For OSV Vs. Length
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1.75 1.95 2.15 2.35 2.55 2.75 2.95
Length (m m )
Oil
Sac
Vo
lum
e (m
m^
3)
LAD (0.95) Reg Top %5 Data All Data
Apparent Maximum (AM)Oil Sac Volume
NRtot eWW
.,OilSacVolLengthfN Copepod Weight (Nitrogen)
RQTfR , Nitrogen Specific Respiration
.)(OilSacVolfWo Initial Weight of Lipid Reserves (Carbon), Miller et al. 1998
t = time (days)
3.0max
FW
Wt“Death” occurs when
)(max LengthfW Maximum Possible Weight of Lipid Reserves
Predicted Vs. Actual N Wt.
R2 = 0.8945
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50
Measured Wt. N (ug)
Pre
dict
ed W
t. N
(ug
)
1:1 Line
Pred N = a(Length^3)+b(OSV)+c
NRtot eWW
.,OilSacVolLengthfN Copepod Weight (Nitrogen)
RQTfR , Nitrogen Specific Respiration
.)(OilSacVolfWo Initial Weight of Lipid Reserves (Carbon), Miller et al. 1998
t = time (days)
3.0max
FW
Wt“Death” occurs when
)(max LengthfW Maximum Possible Weight of Lipid Reserves
-71° -70° -69° -68° -67° -66° -65°
40°
41°
42°
43°
44°
45°
GeorgesBank
ScotianShelf
GeorgesBasin
JordanBasin
W ilkinsonBasin Northeast
Channel
SlopeW ater
The Gulf of Maine
Lat
itud
e (N
)
Longitude (W)
MOCNESS Johnson Sea Link II
Incubation Methods
At Sea: Winkler Titration
5 Sample Bottles2 Control Bottles
Incubate in the DarkAt In Situ Temp.
24 – 48 Hrs
Fix Sample and Titrate
Animals Picked For Exp.Immediately After Capture
30 Animals/Bottle1 Animal/10ml
On Shore: MicroOxymax Gas Analyzer
Animals Kept in Culture on ShoreAt 12 animals/L
Allowed to acclimate to Exp. TempFor 48 Hrs
6 Sample Bottles4 Control Bottles
Incubated for 48 HrsHead Space Sampled Every 12Hrs
Animals Picked For Exp.10 Animals/Bottle
1 Animal/10ml
Log R Vs. T
y = 0.0711x + 1.9566
R2 = 0.8172
y = 0.0494x + 2.3928
R2 = 0.9998
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
T (C)
Lo
g R
(u
mo
l O2/
gN
/hr)
OxyMax Winkler
Q10 = 5.14
Q10 = 3.12
Log R Vs. T
y = 0.0711x + 1.9566
R2 = 0.8172
y = 0.0459x + 2.0683
y = 0.0494x + 2.3928
R2 = 0.9998
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
T (C)
Log
R (u
mol
O2/
gN/h
r)
OxyMax Winkler
Q10 = 2.88
Q10 = 5.14
Q10 = 3.12
NRtot eWW
.,OilSacVolLengthfN Copepod Weight (Nitrogen)
RQTfR , Nitrogen Specific Respiration
.)(OilSacVolfWo Initial Weight of Lipid Reserves (Carbon), Miller et al. 1998
t = time (days)
3.0max
FW
Wt“Death” occurs when
)(max LengthfW Maximum Possible Weight of Lipid Reserves
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
T (C )
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3Le
ngth
(m
m)
Maximum Survival Time By Length and Temperature
Survival T
ime (days)
0
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
Maximum Potential Survival Time For An Animal 2.6mm In Length
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
T (C)
Su
rviv
al T
ime
(day
s)
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
Leng
th (
mm
)
Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In August 2001
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
Leng
th (
mm
)
Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In June 2001
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
Leng
th (
mm
)
Predicted Survival Time For Jordan Basin Animals In June 2001
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
Leng
th (
mm
)
Predicted Survival Time For Jordan Basin Animals In August 2001
Survival T
ime (days)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
Leng
th (
mm
)
Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In August 2001
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
Leng
th (
mm
)
Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In June 2001
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
Leng
th (
mm
)
Predicted Survival Time For Jordan Basin Animals In June 2001
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3
Leng
th (
mm
)
Predicted Survival Time For Jordan Basin Animals In August 2001
Survival T
ime (days)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Wilkinson Basin
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Wilkinson Basin
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
June Pred Aug Obs Aug
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Wilkinson Basin Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Wilkinson Basin Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Gross G Net G
Summary
J A new Nitrogen Specific Respiration Model has been developed for diapausing stage C5 C. finmarchicus.
J The Model predicts a maximum survival time of four to five months for animals resting in the Western Gulf of Maine.
J Application of the model to animals observed during the summer of 2001 suggests that significant mortality accrues by August.
JPredicted mortality is lower in Jordan than in Wilkinson Basin because animals in Jordan Basin had relatively more lipid reserves.
JSummer mortality is more than offset by large additions to the resting population of smaller, and presumably younger, animals.
NASA SeaWiFS
Acknowledgements:Ted DurbinMaria CasasBob CampbellMary-Lynn DicksonMarsh Youngbluth
ccd
W
cd
WF
t
o
max*ln
Where d and c represent components of functions for R and N
Model Solution
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
June Pred Aug Obs Aug
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Gross G Net G
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship for Jordan and Wilkinson Basins Combined
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
June Obs. August Pred. Aug
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan and Wilkinson Basins Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Gross G Net G
-71° -70° -69° -68° -67° -66° -65°
40°
41°
42°
43°
44°
45°
GeorgesBank
ScotianShelf
GeorgesBasin
JordanBasin
W ilkinsonBasin Northeast
Channel
SlopeW ater
The Gulf of Maine
Lat
itud
e (N
)
Longitude (W)
3 0 4 5 6 0 7 5 9 0 1 0 5 1 2 0
% A M
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3Le
ngth
(m
m)
Predicted Survival Time For W ilkinson Basin Animals In June 2001
Survival T
ime (days)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Wilkinson Basin
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
June Pred Aug Obs. Aug
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Jordan Basin Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Gross G Net G
Instantaneous Population Growth Rate For Wilkinson Basin Between June And August
-0.02
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
G
Gross G Net G
Predicted Vs. Actual Survivorship - Jordan Basin
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3
Length (mm)
#/m
^3
June Pred Aug Obs Aug