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NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When • Where • Form • Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

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Page 1: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water”

GEOLOGYGEOLOGY

LIFELIFE

CLIMATECLIMATE

Prepare for Human Exploration

Prepare for Human Exploration

When • Where • Form • Amount

WATER

NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Page 2: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Mars Global Surveyor (1997-2006)

Global topography (elevation)

discovery of recent water-carved gullies

First orbiter around Mars since Viking (mid-1970’s)

Recently lost after 10 years of successful operations.

http://mars4.jpl.nasa.gov/mgs/images/highres.html

http://www.msss.com/mars_images/moc/2004/05/16/2004.05.16.R1103647.gif

Page 3: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Science Package

Page 4: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

1997 Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)

• Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA)– Global 500 m resolution grid with < 1 m

vertical resolution

• Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC)– Few-meter resolution camera– more than 120,000 released images

• Thermal Emission Spectrometer– Near-Infrared broadband spectrometer

• rock, ice, and atmosphere compositions• thermal structure of the Martian surface

Page 5: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Pre-MGS Global Topography

Page 6: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

MGS Topography

Page 7: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Page 8: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

2011 Mars Science Laboratory

Page 9: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

2011 MSL Key Goals

• Characterize a site that:

– was a habitable environment.• What does this mean?

– is likely to have preserved biosignatures.

– can be related to the “Big Picture”.

Page 10: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Page 11: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Let’s watch it now!

Page 12: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

2009 Mars Science Laboratory

Page 13: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Page 14: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Keeping in Mind the Key MSL Goals…

• Characterize a site that:

– was a habitable environment.• What does this mean?

– is likely to have preserved biosignatures.

– can be related to the “Big Picture”.

Page 15: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

VL1MPF

MER-B

VL2

MER-A

2007 Phoenix

Where would you land a $2.3B spacecraft?

Page 16: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Page 17: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Page 18: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Page 19: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

But how can we assess the engineering and safety of the

landing sites??

Page 20: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

GIS to the rescue!

Page 21: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

Four Finalist Candidate Landing Sites

Eberswalde Crater (24°S, 327°E, -1.5 km) contains a clay-bearing delta formed when an ancient river deposited sediment, possibly into a lake.

Gale Crater (4.5°S, 137°E, -4.5 km) contains a 5-km sequence of layers that vary from clay-rich materials near the bottom to sulfates at higher elevation.

Mawrth Vallis (24°N, 341°E, -2.2 km) exposes layers within Mars’ surface with differing mineralogy, including at least two kinds of clays.

Holden Crater (26°S, 325°E, -1.9 km) has alluvial fans, flood deposits, possible lake beds, and clay-rich sediment.

Page 22: NASA’s Exploration Plan: “Follow the Water” GEOLOGY LIFE CLIMATE Prepare for Human Exploration When Where Form Amount WATER NASA’s Strategy for Mars Exploration

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