nasgo blockchain asset & dapp platform …dl.nasgo.com/nasgo_whitepaper_en.pdf · blockchain...
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NASGO blockchain asset & dapp platform http://www.nasgo.com
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0 What is NASGO 4 1 Summary 5 1.1 Dapp Store 5
1.2 Blockchain Assets 6
1.3 pegged sidechains 7
1.4 NASGO Users Structure 8
1.4.1 Enterprises 8
1.4.3 End-User 9
2 Technique Specification 9 2.1 Consensus 10
2.2 Delegates 11
2.3 PBFT 12
2.4 Account Model 12
2.5 Multi-signatures 14
2.6 Clients 14
3 System Features 17 3.1 Network fees 17
3.2 Peer-to-Peer 18
4 Scenarios 18
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4.1 Economic freedom 18
4.2 Media freedom 19
4.3 Communication freedom 20
5 Conclusion 21
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0 What is NASGO NASGO is a Blockchain application platform, established in early 2017. Based on its own
Blockchain network and token NSG, NASGO will enable developers to create, distribute
and manage decentralized Blockchain applications by deploying their own sidechain linked
to the NASGO network, including a custom token. Thanks to the flexibility of sidechains,
developers can implement and customize their Blockchain applications entirely.
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1 Summary 1.1 Dapp Store
Decentralized applications or Blockchain applications are exactly what the name suggests.
Applications of any sort running on many servers, providing unseen security, uptime and
entirely new business models. A powerful component of the NASGO application platform, is
that it allows the deployment, distribution and management of decentralized applications all
in one place with a seamless user experience.NASGO offers SMEs an environment where
they have full control to create Dapps based on their own blockchain network(sidechain) ,
Item Description
Project Name NASGO
Description Blockchain Assets & Dapp platform
Stage Test Stage
Standalone Client Yes
Open Source Yes
Symbol NSG
Initial Supply 1,010,000,000 NSG
Consensus algorithm Dpos、PBFT
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NASGO's Dapp Store will give SMEs unprecedented access to hundreds of millions of
customers in a decentralized way.
1.2 Blockchain Assets
NASGO provides an easy-to-use client that you can issue a blockchain asset without
writting even a line of code, the asset in NASGO system can represent gold, stock or any
other type of asset. These assets can be traded with NASGO transferred in sidechain in a
decentralized way, and with any other currencies in a centralized exchange.
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1.3 pegged sidechains
NASGO system provides a command tool by which developers can easily create a basic
sidechain system. Developers are also able to fully customize their sidechain system,
including its own database, consensus algorithm, trading mode and account architecture.
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Sidechain system can be hosted in the clusters of nodes of individual delegates, so that a
partitioned mechanism can be naturally generated hence avoid the rapid expansion of the
main blockchain.
NASGO propose a new technology, pegged sidechains, which enables NASGO and other
ledger assets to be transferred between multiple blockchains. This gives users access to
new and innovative cryptocurrency systems using the assets they already own. By reusing
NASGO’s currency, these systems can more easily interoperate with each other and with
NSG, avoiding the liquidity shortages and market fluctuations associated with new
currencies. Since sidechains are separate systems, technical and economic innovation is
not hindered. Despite bidirectional transferability between NASGO and pegged sidechains,
they are isolated: in the case of a crypto graphic break (or malicious design) in a sidechain,
the damage is entirely confined to the sidechain itself.
1.4 NASGO Users Structure
1.4.1 Enterprises
The tools provided by NASGO can be used to easily create a complete blockchain, and
more importantly, this blockchain can be pegged into main chain of NASGO or even the
blockchain of Bitcoin, thereby connected with well-developed electronic currency. It is a
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very attractive feature that is suitable for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) especially
start-up companies.
SMEs can utilize blockchain technology to provide the information and data that were
enclosed inside companies or Internet in the past, and to connect with the system data
owned by authority so that they can promote the business publicity and improve the
companies’ image. Consequently more trustiness can be brought to the investors and
financial institutions to make it easy to get the funds or contracts. It is inevitable for SMEs
to public their business information. SMEs found it is difficult to prevent social community
to know their secrets. Therefore we can assume that blockchain will play a vital role in
SMEs everyday business activities.
1.4.3 End-User
Individual users can download, install and use numbers of decentralized applications
through NASGO built-in app store, which is similar with application store in current smart
phone. NASGO supports different kinds of decentralized application on which end users
can make profit by contributing the program or content. It is possible for developers and
users to create a vivid ecosystem together.
2 Technique Specification
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2.1 Consensus
NASGO is based on the DPoS (Delegated Proof of Stake) consensus mechanism. This
method of consensus was originally created by the BitShares team.
DPoS is based on delegates creating blocks. Delegates are trusted accounts which are
elected to be “Active Delegates”. The 101 delegate accounts with the most votes create the
blocks. Other delegates are listed as “Standby Delegates”, and can advance to the top 101
list by receiving votes from the other NASGO owners. All users of NASGO have 101 votes
available to elect their favorite delegates into the top 101 list. The weight of each of the 101
votes is proportional to the amount of NSG the user has in the wallet the votes are cast
from. This total amount is shown on the delegate list as an “Approval”, and is listed as a
percentage of the 100 million NSG available that is voted for that delegate.
Delegate promotion to the top 101 or demotion to the standby list happens at the
completion of the 101 block generation cycle. Each cycle of 101 blocks is created by the
top 101 delegates in random order. The block time is 10 seconds. Newly created blocks are
broadcast to the network and added to the blockchain. After 6 to 10 confirmations, a block,
along with its transactions, can be considered as confirmed. A complete 101 block
generation cycle takes approximately 16 minutes.
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In DPoS, forks can occur, but the longest fork wins. Delegates must be online all of the time
and have sufficient uptime. Uptime is used to catalogue the reliability of a node by logging
each time that it misses a block that was assigned to it. Users vote for the top 101
delegates based on several factors, uptime being one key factor used to make a
determination. If a delegate drops below a certain rating, users may remove votes from the
delegate in question due to poor performance.
2.2 Delegates
The function of delegates is covered above in the Consensus section.
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To be a delegate, a user needs to register a delegate account. This is accomplished from
the client user interface in either the full or lite wallet. Keep in mind that block generation is
only possible in the full wallet. This means that you can register a delegate in either version
of the wallet but will only be able to perform the delegate functions from a full version of the
client. The account number and username will be the same after the delegate registration.
All NASGO accounts are eligible to become delegates.
New delegates start as standby delegates. Standby delegates begin with an approval rating
of 0% and will need to accrue votes from the NASGO community in order to advance to be
one of the top 101 delegates. Block generation is performed by the top 101 delegates only.
If you are in standby status, you will not forge any blocks.。
2.3 PBFT
NASGO applied an optimized variant algorithm of PBFT, which can make loyal nodes reach
an agreement, i.e., not fork, in O(n^2) message complexity and O(1) time complexity when t
< n/3. Here “t” refers to the number of Byzantine node (on which any situation can happen,
such as network delay, machine shutdown, or malicious attacks) and “n” refers to the
number of all nodes. 。
2.4 Account Model
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Every account in NASGO system consists of one passphrase, a pair of public/private key
and an address. Users can also set their own secondary secure code. Note that the
difference with Bitcoin here is that each account is related to only one address, instead of
multiple addresses and private keys related to one wallet in Bitcoin. Passphrase is a
mnemonics used to produce real wallet in line with BIP39 standard. The mnemonics is
much easier to remember for people than other binary or hexadecimal characteristics. The
way in which a passphrase is generated is to convert entropy on a multiple of 32bit into
several words, particular in NASGO system, the length of entropy is 128bit and it will be
converted into 12 words. The passphrase, as a top-level password, is maintained by users
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instead of published in public. Once users lost their passphrase they would lost the
ownership of their account。
2.5 Multi-signatures
NASGO allows users to create a multi-signature group. A multi-signature group consists of
several NASGO users, called group members. Transactions from multi-signature groups
can be configured to require some or all signatories for approval. To achieve this a M of N
multi-signature architecture is implemented. All members of a multi-signature group (N) are
added, up to a maximum of 16 signatories, and then the required number (M) of signatures
needed to approve a transaction is specified. M must be greater than 1 and less than or
equal than N. N is the number of members of the multi-signature group. Once you initiate a
transaction from the multi-signature group, all members will see this pending transaction
and decide whether to approve or ignore it. Once the required number of confirmations has
been collected, the group will allow the transaction and submit it to the blockchain. The
owners of a multi-signature group may change the rules of the group at any time with the
approval of at least M of the signatories.。
2.6 Clients
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a)NASGO Node (Windows、MAC OS 、Linux):
The full client is the best solution for super users, delegates and developers. It is available
for Windows, Mac OS and Linux. Though it is only possible to be a delegate with the Linux
client. Lite client users can connect to the full clients to access the network.
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They can also use them to make API calls, if it is allowed by the full client owner. All full
client users download the blockchain from each other through a peer-to-peer connection .
Dapp users can use the lite client for accessing their installed dapps as well. The dapps API
and the peers API are available to developers. They make it possible to quickly and easily
create JavaScript dapps using nw.js2 or Electron3。
b)NASGO Lite (Web 、Windows 、Mac OS 、Linux 、IOS 、Android):
An ordinary user usually use NASGO-Lite to manage his/her NASGO account. NASGO-
Litecan run on Windows and Mac OSX platform. NASGO-Lite links with other nodes
through HTTP protocol, which have several advantages: first, no blockchain data
downloaded would keep the volume small; second, no private key broadcasted to network
make it possible to make all types of trade since all the data will be signed locally.
The mobile client allows the user to access their NASGO account while on the go. It will be
available for both iOS and Android and featured in the Apple and Google Play app
stores.The backend infrastructure for the mobile client will mirror that of our desktop
solution. The real change comes in the form of additions and tweaks to the user interface
which will allow for a tailored experience on mobile devices. The app has been custom
designed to provide a familiar and easy to use mobile interface, much like the Bitcoin or
Banking apps you already use on a daily basis. It will also allow you to launch all of your
favorite dapps from within the app itself. In the future, we plan to integrate device specific
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functionalities like the ability to utilize the fingerprint or retinal scan capabilities for added
security on your account.
3 System Features 3.1 Network fees
All valid transactions in the network must be processed. Delegates process transactions
and store them in new blocks. For this work, the delegates receive a fee. All transactions in
the network must contain some type of fee as a spam countermeasure. The default network
fee for sending an NSG transaction is 0.5%. For example, a 100 NSG transaction includes
an additional fee of 0.5 NSG for a total transaction cost of 100.5 NSG.The following is a list
of fees for different types of transactions:
item fee
sent for a spend transaction 0.5%
registering a second passphrase 5 NSG
registering as an asset issuer 500 NSG
registering an asset 100 NSG
issue an asset 0.1 NSG
vote 0.1 NSG
register a dapp 100 NSG
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Delegates receive the fees from all transactions of the last block cycle (101 blocks). Fees
are split equally between all delegates who created a block in that cycle. Delegates who
missed creating a block assigned to them during that cycle are not paid.
3.2 Peer-to-Peer
We are using a standard P2P network[5], which works on top of the http protocol, and uses
json formatted data as a method of data inter-change. The P2P module captures the
following information about each peer:Version 、OS、IP、Port。
4 Scenarios 4.1 Economic freedom
Core tenets of economic liberty include property rights, lack of reliance on central
authorities, privacy, and equality of opportunity. NASGO can advance each of these
principles:
Property rights – As metioned above, NASGO can enable the safe digital storage and
transfer of titles of ownership of virtually any asset. The permanence of record-keeping
provides a kind of guarantee that may be completely novel in some parts of the world. In
places that are particularly susceptible to government seizure of assets, a blockchain-
registering as a delegate 100 NSG
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based record keeping system leaves the possibility that wrongs can be righted. Imagine a
dictator launches a successful coup in a small country, burning the physical records of land
ownership and forcing people off their land and redistributing it to his cronies. If that regime
falls, sorting out who owns what could lead to chaos or even war. But if those records had
been kept in a blockchain, it would be far easier to go back and return assets to their
rightful owners, who would hold their encrypted identities.
Lack of central intermediaries – Blockchain technology allows such a private currency to
arise without a government or a private central entity to issue notes and establish trust. In
fact, blockchain transactions are often called “trustless,” meaning that two parties don’t
have to trust each other or a central authority to conduct a transaction. This term is
something of a misnomer, however, because trust naturally emerges from the system,
bottom-up rather than top-down. Users of a platform could also agree in advance to use a
mediation body to settle more complex contractual disputes.
Opportunity – Many people in developing nations currently have no access to banking
services, due to lack of supply or lack of verifiable identity. Blockchain provides a cheap,
easy way to accomplish both from the ground up, with no redistribution of wealth. Putting
these people, along with their work and ideas, on the financial map at little cost would only
be positive for the global economy.
4.2 Media freedom
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We are basically living in an information age plagued by arbitrary censorship and digital
amnesia, affecting every Internet user .
blockchain is a digital event registry shared by millions of computers connected across the
globe. It transfers and stores confidential information in a permanent and anonymous safe
space, without intermediaries. It can only be updated if most of the people included in the
system agree to, and, once entered, the information can never be deleted.
Blockchain allows to create a historic tamper-proof record, reliable and rigorous, of each
content producer, and can also become an ally for the freedom of press, in those countries
where it is particularly threatened. “No government or institution can control blockchain,
4.3 Communication freedom
most people are not passionate about security, privacy and decentralization enough yet. We
in the modern world are trading privacy for security and every conversation, interaction or
opinion will be recorded for eternity. That is a dangerous development. we all should have a
right to forget, a right to delete our foolish mistakes from the past so that we can mature in
the future.
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with an ever-faster growing world, people will discover new demands and passions for
more privacy and security. After the WhatsApp shutdown in Brazil December 2015 and the
active censorship of social media in China and Europe people realize that their right of free
speech has been compromised. The are hungry for a new decentralized messenger that
cannot be shut down, cannot be censored, and is very hard to hack. NASGO will be able to
live encrypt and decentralize all voice-, video-, chat messages and wallets to protect our
users.
5 Conclusion we believe Blockchain technology could revolutionise banking, payments and a host of
allied activities.
Like every revolution preceding it, Blockchain too is giving rise to fears of job loss and
redundancy. But actually every revolution in the past - whether it was the development of
agriculture or the invention of electricity, radio, railroad or aircraft - has made human lives
better than before. It is the same with the digital revolution, which, by giving us the tools of
Internet and Mobility, has helped us to become more innovative and efficient, and amplified
our potential in countless other ways
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