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Page 1: NASGO blockchain asset & dapp platform …dl.nasgo.com/NASGO_WhitePaper_EN.pdf · Blockchain network and token NSG, NASGO will enable developers to create, distribute ... The 101

NASGO blockchain asset & dapp platform http://www.nasgo.com

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Page 2: NASGO blockchain asset & dapp platform …dl.nasgo.com/NASGO_WhitePaper_EN.pdf · Blockchain network and token NSG, NASGO will enable developers to create, distribute ... The 101

0 What is NASGO 4 1 Summary 5 1.1 Dapp Store 5

1.2 Blockchain Assets 6

1.3 pegged sidechains 7

1.4 NASGO Users Structure 8

1.4.1 Enterprises 8

1.4.3 End-User 9

2 Technique Specification 9 2.1 Consensus 10

2.2 Delegates 11

2.3 PBFT 12

2.4 Account Model 12

2.5 Multi-signatures 14

2.6 Clients 14

3 System Features 17 3.1 Network fees 17

3.2 Peer-to-Peer 18

4 Scenarios 18

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4.1 Economic freedom 18

4.2 Media freedom 19

4.3 Communication freedom 20

5 Conclusion 21

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Page 4: NASGO blockchain asset & dapp platform …dl.nasgo.com/NASGO_WhitePaper_EN.pdf · Blockchain network and token NSG, NASGO will enable developers to create, distribute ... The 101

0 What is NASGO NASGO is a Blockchain application platform, established in early 2017. Based on its own

Blockchain network and token NSG, NASGO will enable developers to create, distribute

and manage decentralized Blockchain applications by deploying their own sidechain linked

to the NASGO network, including a custom token. Thanks to the flexibility of sidechains,

developers can implement and customize their Blockchain applications entirely.

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1 Summary 1.1 Dapp Store

Decentralized applications or Blockchain applications are exactly what the name suggests.

Applications of any sort running on many servers, providing unseen security, uptime and

entirely new business models. A powerful component of the NASGO application platform, is

that it allows the deployment, distribution and management of decentralized applications all

in one place with a seamless user experience.NASGO offers SMEs an environment where

they have full control to create Dapps based on their own blockchain network(sidechain) ,

Item Description

Project Name NASGO

Description Blockchain Assets & Dapp platform

Stage Test Stage

Standalone Client Yes

Open Source Yes

Symbol NSG

Initial Supply 1,010,000,000 NSG

Consensus algorithm Dpos、PBFT

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NASGO's Dapp Store will give SMEs unprecedented access to hundreds of millions of

customers in a decentralized way.

1.2 Blockchain Assets

NASGO provides an easy-to-use client that you can issue a blockchain asset without

writting even a line of code, the asset in NASGO system can represent gold, stock or any

other type of asset. These assets can be traded with NASGO transferred in sidechain in a

decentralized way, and with any other currencies in a centralized exchange.

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1.3 pegged sidechains

NASGO system provides a command tool by which developers can easily create a basic

sidechain system. Developers are also able to fully customize their sidechain system,

including its own database, consensus algorithm, trading mode and account architecture.

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Sidechain system can be hosted in the clusters of nodes of individual delegates, so that a

partitioned mechanism can be naturally generated hence avoid the rapid expansion of the

main blockchain.

NASGO propose a new technology, pegged sidechains, which enables NASGO and other

ledger assets to be transferred between multiple blockchains. This gives users access to

new and innovative cryptocurrency systems using the assets they already own. By reusing

NASGO’s currency, these systems can more easily interoperate with each other and with

NSG, avoiding the liquidity shortages and market fluctuations associated with new

currencies. Since sidechains are separate systems, technical and economic innovation is

not hindered. Despite bidirectional transferability between NASGO and pegged sidechains,

they are isolated: in the case of a crypto graphic break (or malicious design) in a sidechain,

the damage is entirely confined to the sidechain itself.

1.4 NASGO Users Structure

1.4.1 Enterprises

The tools provided by NASGO can be used to easily create a complete blockchain, and

more importantly, this blockchain can be pegged into main chain of NASGO or even the

blockchain of Bitcoin, thereby connected with well-developed electronic currency. It is a

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very attractive feature that is suitable for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) especially

start-up companies.

SMEs can utilize blockchain technology to provide the information and data that were

enclosed inside companies or Internet in the past, and to connect with the system data

owned by authority so that they can promote the business publicity and improve the

companies’ image. Consequently more trustiness can be brought to the investors and

financial institutions to make it easy to get the funds or contracts. It is inevitable for SMEs

to public their business information. SMEs found it is difficult to prevent social community

to know their secrets. Therefore we can assume that blockchain will play a vital role in

SMEs everyday business activities.

1.4.3 End-User

Individual users can download, install and use numbers of decentralized applications

through NASGO built-in app store, which is similar with application store in current smart

phone. NASGO supports different kinds of decentralized application on which end users

can make profit by contributing the program or content. It is possible for developers and

users to create a vivid ecosystem together.

2 Technique Specification

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2.1 Consensus

NASGO is based on the DPoS (Delegated Proof of Stake) consensus mechanism. This

method of consensus was originally created by the BitShares team.

DPoS is based on delegates creating blocks. Delegates are trusted accounts which are

elected to be “Active Delegates”. The 101 delegate accounts with the most votes create the

blocks. Other delegates are listed as “Standby Delegates”, and can advance to the top 101

list by receiving votes from the other NASGO owners. All users of NASGO have 101 votes

available to elect their favorite delegates into the top 101 list. The weight of each of the 101

votes is proportional to the amount of NSG the user has in the wallet the votes are cast

from. This total amount is shown on the delegate list as an “Approval”, and is listed as a

percentage of the 100 million NSG available that is voted for that delegate.

Delegate promotion to the top 101 or demotion to the standby list happens at the

completion of the 101 block generation cycle. Each cycle of 101 blocks is created by the

top 101 delegates in random order. The block time is 10 seconds. Newly created blocks are

broadcast to the network and added to the blockchain. After 6 to 10 confirmations, a block,

along with its transactions, can be considered as confirmed. A complete 101 block

generation cycle takes approximately 16 minutes.

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In DPoS, forks can occur, but the longest fork wins. Delegates must be online all of the time

and have sufficient uptime. Uptime is used to catalogue the reliability of a node by logging

each time that it misses a block that was assigned to it. Users vote for the top 101

delegates based on several factors, uptime being one key factor used to make a

determination. If a delegate drops below a certain rating, users may remove votes from the

delegate in question due to poor performance.

2.2 Delegates

The function of delegates is covered above in the Consensus section.

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To be a delegate, a user needs to register a delegate account. This is accomplished from

the client user interface in either the full or lite wallet. Keep in mind that block generation is

only possible in the full wallet. This means that you can register a delegate in either version

of the wallet but will only be able to perform the delegate functions from a full version of the

client. The account number and username will be the same after the delegate registration.

All NASGO accounts are eligible to become delegates.

New delegates start as standby delegates. Standby delegates begin with an approval rating

of 0% and will need to accrue votes from the NASGO community in order to advance to be

one of the top 101 delegates. Block generation is performed by the top 101 delegates only.

If you are in standby status, you will not forge any blocks.。

2.3 PBFT

NASGO applied an optimized variant algorithm of PBFT, which can make loyal nodes reach

an agreement, i.e., not fork, in O(n^2) message complexity and O(1) time complexity when t

< n/3. Here “t” refers to the number of Byzantine node (on which any situation can happen,

such as network delay, machine shutdown, or malicious attacks) and “n” refers to the

number of all nodes. 。

2.4 Account Model

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Every account in NASGO system consists of one passphrase, a pair of public/private key

and an address. Users can also set their own secondary secure code. Note that the

difference with Bitcoin here is that each account is related to only one address, instead of

multiple addresses and private keys related to one wallet in Bitcoin. Passphrase is a

mnemonics used to produce real wallet in line with BIP39 standard. The mnemonics is

much easier to remember for people than other binary or hexadecimal characteristics. The

way in which a passphrase is generated is to convert entropy on a multiple of 32bit into

several words, particular in NASGO system, the length of entropy is 128bit and it will be

converted into 12 words. The passphrase, as a top-level password, is maintained by users

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instead of published in public. Once users lost their passphrase they would lost the

ownership of their account。

2.5 Multi-signatures

NASGO allows users to create a multi-signature group. A multi-signature group consists of

several NASGO users, called group members. Transactions from multi-signature groups

can be configured to require some or all signatories for approval. To achieve this a M of N

multi-signature architecture is implemented. All members of a multi-signature group (N) are

added, up to a maximum of 16 signatories, and then the required number (M) of signatures

needed to approve a transaction is specified. M must be greater than 1 and less than or

equal than N. N is the number of members of the multi-signature group. Once you initiate a

transaction from the multi-signature group, all members will see this pending transaction

and decide whether to approve or ignore it. Once the required number of confirmations has

been collected, the group will allow the transaction and submit it to the blockchain. The

owners of a multi-signature group may change the rules of the group at any time with the

approval of at least M of the signatories.。

2.6 Clients

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a)NASGO Node (Windows、MAC OS 、Linux):

The full client is the best solution for super users, delegates and developers. It is available

for Windows, Mac OS and Linux. Though it is only possible to be a delegate with the Linux

client. Lite client users can connect to the full clients to access the network.

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They can also use them to make API calls, if it is allowed by the full client owner. All full

client users download the blockchain from each other through a peer-to-peer connection .

Dapp users can use the lite client for accessing their installed dapps as well. The dapps API

and the peers API are available to developers. They make it possible to quickly and easily

create JavaScript dapps using nw.js2 or Electron3。

b)NASGO Lite (Web 、Windows 、Mac OS 、Linux 、IOS 、Android):

An ordinary user usually use NASGO-Lite to manage his/her NASGO account. NASGO-

Litecan run on Windows and Mac OSX platform. NASGO-Lite links with other nodes

through HTTP protocol, which have several advantages: first, no blockchain data

downloaded would keep the volume small; second, no private key broadcasted to network

make it possible to make all types of trade since all the data will be signed locally.

The mobile client allows the user to access their NASGO account while on the go. It will be

available for both iOS and Android and featured in the Apple and Google Play app

stores.The backend infrastructure for the mobile client will mirror that of our desktop

solution. The real change comes in the form of additions and tweaks to the user interface

which will allow for a tailored experience on mobile devices. The app has been custom

designed to provide a familiar and easy to use mobile interface, much like the Bitcoin or

Banking apps you already use on a daily basis. It will also allow you to launch all of your

favorite dapps from within the app itself. In the future, we plan to integrate device specific

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functionalities like the ability to utilize the fingerprint or retinal scan capabilities for added

security on your account.

3 System Features 3.1 Network fees

All valid transactions in the network must be processed. Delegates process transactions

and store them in new blocks. For this work, the delegates receive a fee. All transactions in

the network must contain some type of fee as a spam countermeasure. The default network

fee for sending an NSG transaction is 0.5%. For example, a 100 NSG transaction includes

an additional fee of 0.5 NSG for a total transaction cost of 100.5 NSG.The following is a list

of fees for different types of transactions:

item fee

sent for a spend transaction 0.5%

registering a second passphrase 5 NSG

registering as an asset issuer 500 NSG

registering an asset 100 NSG

issue an asset 0.1 NSG

vote 0.1 NSG

register a dapp 100 NSG

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Delegates receive the fees from all transactions of the last block cycle (101 blocks). Fees

are split equally between all delegates who created a block in that cycle. Delegates who

missed creating a block assigned to them during that cycle are not paid.

3.2 Peer-to-Peer

We are using a standard P2P network[5], which works on top of the http protocol, and uses

json formatted data as a method of data inter-change. The P2P module captures the

following information about each peer:Version 、OS、IP、Port。

4 Scenarios 4.1 Economic freedom

Core tenets of economic liberty include property rights, lack of reliance on central

authorities, privacy, and equality of opportunity. NASGO can advance each of these

principles:

Property rights – As metioned above, NASGO can enable the safe digital storage and

transfer of titles of ownership of virtually any asset. The permanence of record-keeping

provides a kind of guarantee that may be completely novel in some parts of the world. In

places that are particularly susceptible to government seizure of assets, a blockchain-

registering as a delegate 100 NSG

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based record keeping system leaves the possibility that wrongs can be righted. Imagine a

dictator launches a successful coup in a small country, burning the physical records of land

ownership and forcing people off their land and redistributing it to his cronies. If that regime

falls, sorting out who owns what could lead to chaos or even war. But if those records had

been kept in a blockchain, it would be far easier to go back and return assets to their

rightful owners, who would hold their encrypted identities.

Lack of central intermediaries – Blockchain technology allows such a private currency to

arise without a government or a private central entity to issue notes and establish trust. In

fact, blockchain transactions are often called “trustless,” meaning that two parties don’t

have to trust each other or a central authority to conduct a transaction. This term is

something of a misnomer, however, because trust naturally emerges from the system,

bottom-up rather than top-down. Users of a platform could also agree in advance to use a

mediation body to settle more complex contractual disputes.

Opportunity – Many people in developing nations currently have no access to banking

services, due to lack of supply or lack of verifiable identity. Blockchain provides a cheap,

easy way to accomplish both from the ground up, with no redistribution of wealth. Putting

these people, along with their work and ideas, on the financial map at little cost would only

be positive for the global economy.

4.2 Media freedom

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We are basically living in an information age plagued by arbitrary censorship and digital

amnesia, affecting every Internet user .

blockchain is a digital event registry shared by millions of computers connected across the

globe. It transfers and stores confidential information in a permanent and anonymous safe

space, without intermediaries. It can only be updated if most of the people included in the

system agree to, and, once entered, the information can never be deleted.

Blockchain allows to create a historic tamper-proof record, reliable and rigorous, of each

content producer, and can also become an ally for the freedom of press, in those countries

where it is particularly threatened. “No government or institution can control blockchain,

4.3 Communication freedom

most people are not passionate about security, privacy and decentralization enough yet. We

in the modern world are trading privacy for security and every conversation, interaction or

opinion will be recorded for eternity. That is a dangerous development. we all should have a

right to forget, a right to delete our foolish mistakes from the past so that we can mature in

the future.

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with an ever-faster growing world, people will discover new demands and passions for

more privacy and security. After the WhatsApp shutdown in Brazil December 2015 and the

active censorship of social media in China and Europe people realize that their right of free

speech has been compromised. The are hungry for a new decentralized messenger that

cannot be shut down, cannot be censored, and is very hard to hack. NASGO will be able to

live encrypt and decentralize all voice-, video-, chat messages and wallets to protect our

users.

5 Conclusion we believe Blockchain technology could revolutionise banking, payments and a host of

allied activities.

Like every revolution preceding it, Blockchain too is giving rise to fears of job loss and

redundancy. But actually every revolution in the past - whether it was the development of

agriculture or the invention of electricity, radio, railroad or aircraft - has made human lives

better than before. It is the same with the digital revolution, which, by giving us the tools of

Internet and Mobility, has helped us to become more innovative and efficient, and amplified

our potential in countless other ways

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