National BiologyProtein and enzymes

f. Uses of enzymes

RecapWrite two things you learned last lesson This lesson is about uses of enzymes

- write down something you would like to find out about the uses of enzymes

What are we learning today?We are learning to:State some functions of enzymesExplain how biological detergents are different to

non-biological detergentsExplain how people with lactose intolerance can

still drink milkSuccess criteria:Sweets, detergents, foodCleansing potential of biological powders compared

to non-biological The effect of lactase on lactose

What are enzymes used for in industry?

How do you make a soft gooey centre?The chocolate is

poured over a solid mixture which contains sucrose

Sucrase (enzyme) breaks down the sucrose into glucose and fructose

Baby foods:

Proteases are used to pre-digest some of the protein in the food.

Now the babies digestive system can cope with it better and they can get the amino acids they need from food

Choices

Glucose syrup is converted into fructose syrup by isomerase enzyme

Glucose and fructose contain exactly the same amount of energy but fructose is much sweeter therefore much smaller amounts of it are needed to make food taste sweet so is a good diet choice.

Isomerase used in diet industry

Immobilising EnzymesEnzymes are expensive.

To save money they can be immobilised.

The enzyme is fixed onto jelly or glass beads and the reactants are poured slowly through the beads

This means that they can

be filtered from the product and used again.

Reactantsin

Products out

Enzymes fixedto jelly beads

Tap toregulateflow

In order to ensure most of the reactant is converted to product the flow of reactant through the column would be reduced, thus increasing the quantity of product produced

Lactose free milk - ExperimentPeople who are

lactose intolerant cannot breakdown lactose Experiment

Step 1 – follow your teacher’s instructions to form immobilised lactase beads

Step 2 make your column and add milk

Uses of enzymes…..“Biological” washing powders contain enzymes

that digest (break down) proteins and fats.Lipase to break down fats into fatty acids and

glycerolPepsin to break down protein into peptidesThey work on biological stains like:

GrassSweatBlood food stains

Grass Sweat Blood Food stains

Uses of enzymes…..The enzymes in biological washing powders allow

clothes to be cleaned at lower temperatures. This saves energy and money – better for environment

Remember, enzymes can be DENATURED at high temperatures. So if you put biological washing powder in a hot wash, it will not work:

30oC 100o

C

SummaryState some functions of enzymesExplain how biological detergents are

different to non-biological detergentsExplain how people with lactose intolerance

can still drink milk