national biosolids partnership webcast “renewable green energy
TRANSCRIPT
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National Biosolids PartnershipWebcastWebcast
“Renewable Green Energy from Wastewater and Biosolids - POTW Case
Studies Attempting to Achieve Net Energy Production”
December 7, 2011
Sam Hadeed Sam Hadeed Biosolids Program Manager
WELCOMING REMARKSWELCOMING REMARKS
g gWater Environment FederationNational Biosolids PartnershipAlexandria, VA
WEF Residuals & Biosolids Committee Staff Liaison
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Starting January 2010, NBP began offering a series of ”no charge” quarterly webcasts devoted to general biosolids management and technical topics of interest to water quality and biosolids professionals:
NBP’s Commitment to Excellence in Biosolids Management
interest to water quality and biosolids professionals:• Carbon Footprint Implications from Biosolids Management
Practices• Advances in Solids Reduction Processes• Combined Heat and Power Generation Opportunities at
Wastewater Treatment Facilities• Charting the Future of Biosolids Management: Forum
Findings on Trends and Drivers• Implementing the New SSI MACT Standards – Issues and Challenges
Ahead• Terminal Island Renewable Energy – LA’s Biosolids Slurry and Brine
Injection Project
1.25 Professional Development Hours for this webcast
http://www.wef.net/nbp/
NBP - WEF Resources for Biosolids Management
www.biosolids.org – NBP Web Page and E-Newsletter
www.wef.org - Biosolids Channel of Access Water Knowledge
WEF 2012 Residuals and Biosolids SpecialtyWEF 2012 Residuals and Biosolids Specialty
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WEF 2012 Residuals and Biosolids Specialty WEF 2012 Residuals and Biosolids Specialty ConferenceConferenceMarch 25March 25--28, 201228, 2012Raleigh, North Carolina Raleigh, North Carolina http://www.wef.org/ResidualsBiosolids/http://www.wef.org/ResidualsBiosolids/
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NBP EMS Certified Agencies (32)
A key component of the NBP program is the EMS and third-party audit program. The following agencies/organizations have achieved the prestigious NBP EMS certification.
Alexandria, VA Sanitation Authority King County, WA Div. WW TreatmentCity of Santa Rosa, CA Public Utilities Louisville & Jefferson Co. KY Metro Sewer DistrictCity of Wyoming, MI Clean Water Plant Madison, WI Metropolitan Sewerage DistrictCentral Davis County, UT Sewer District Metro Denver, CO WW Reclamation District Columbus, GA Water Works Metro Water Reclamation Dist. of Greater Chicago, ILDC Water Orange County, CA Sanitation DistrictNew England Organic Hawk Ridge Composting Facility Orange County, FL UtilitiesWater Environment Services of Clackamas County, OR Resource Management Inc., NH East Bay Municipal Utility District - Oakland, CA Kent County, DE Regional WTFButler County, OH DES Encina Wastewater Authority – Carlsbad, CACity of Albany, OR Wastewater Treatment Plant City of Raleigh, NC Public Utilities DepartmentCity of Chattanooga TN DPW City of Mankato MNCity of Chattanooga, TN DPW City of Mankato, MNCity of Fort Worth, TX Water Dept City of Los Angeles, CA Dept of Public WorksCity of Grand Rapids, MI City of Lawrence, KS Dept. of UtilitiesGreater Moncton Sewerage Commission, Canada Lewiston-Auburn, ME WPA Camden County, NJ Municipal Utility District City of Richmond, VA Public Utilities Dept.
Renewable Green Energy from Wastewater and Biosolids -POTW Case Studies Attempting to Achieve Net Energy
Production
Today’s Webcast
Production
Participants Will:
• Learn about WEF’s Role in Promoting Green Energy - Overview of New Renewable Energy Generation from Wastewater Position Statement
• Learn approaches being taken from an east and west coast wastewater agencies to achieve both zero net energy utilization to becoming a net energy producerLearn about biosolids energy recovery methods that are helping POTWs become• Learn about biosolids energy recovery methods that are helping POTWs become green factories
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Robert “Bob) Forbes, P.E. Robert “Bob) Forbes, P.E. Biosolids Program Manager
TODAY’S SPEAKERS
g gCH2M HillRaleigh, NC
“WEF’s New Renewable Energy Generation from Wastewater Position
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Statement Overview”
Alicia Chakrabarti P.E. Alicia Chakrabarti P.E. Assistant Engineer
TODAY’S SPEAKERS
gEast Bay Municipal Utility DistrictOakland, CA
“East Bay MUD’s Journey to Becoming a Net Energy Producer”
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Robert Ostapczuk P.E., BCEE Robert Ostapczuk P.E., BCEE Senior Environmental Engineer
TODAY’S SPEAKERS
gHill Malcolm Pirnie/ARCADISClifton Park, NY
“From a Liability to an Asset, Co-digestion and Achieving Zero Net
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Energy at a NY POTW”
Renewable Energy gyGeneration from Wastewater
Robert Forbes, P.E. Eastern U.S. Technology Leader in
Residuals Resource Recovery
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1. Redefines wastewater treatment plants as water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs)
2. Affirms that energy derived from WRRFs is a renewable energy2. Affirms that energy derived from WRRFs is a renewable energy source
3. States that biosolids should be recognized as biomass under all applicable government and commercial definitions
4. Asserts that state and federal agencies should fully endorse all renewable energy associated with WRRFs
5. Encourages WRRFs to set a goal of becoming energy neutral or net energy producersnet energy producers
6. Encourages more research into emerging technologies on energy recovery from wastewater
7. Encourages continued participation by water sector in traditional energy conservation and recovery at WRRFs
General Energy Balance General Energy Balance for WRRF Energy Recoveryfor WRRF Energy Recovery
AnaerobicDigestion
Thermal Oxidation
Biosolids6,000-9,000 WRRF
7,000-9,000
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Boilers
Hot Water or Steam
Storage
Waste Gas Flare
Direct DriveEngine
RotatingEquipment
Biogas Energy from Biogas Energy from Anaerobic DigestionAnaerobic Digestion
High Performance Anaerobic Digesters
Cogeneration*
ElectricityBiogas
Hot Water
Gas Treatment
e
NG PipelineDigesters Hot Water
or Steam
Biosolids Fuel Cell
Electricity
Hot WaterVehicle Fuel
50 DPTD => 600,000 SCF/day $4,800/day @ $8/MM Btu
OG @ %55,000 gpd FOG @ 5% + 50 DPTD => 952,000 SCF/day $7,600/day (+ $1,022,000/yr
by adding FOG)F. Wayne Hill WRC, Gwinnett County, Georgia
Middle Creek Basin WWTPJohnson County, Kansas
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Thermal Recovery of Energy from Thermal Recovery of Energy from Biosolids: Green Energy BoilerBiosolids: Green Energy Boiler
Boiler
Ambient Air
Effluent Heat RecoveryEffluent Heat Recovery
Recovers heat available due to difference between effluent and ambient temperatures:
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Effluent Heat RecoveryEffluent Heat Recovery
Recovers heat available due to difference between effluent and ambient temperatures:
DOE categories of hydropower facility sizes◦ Large : >30 megawatts (MW)
◦ Small: 100 kW to 30 MW
◦ Micro Hydropower : <100 kW
Large Hydro
◦ Micro Hydropower : <100 kW
Small Hydro
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Flow (mgd)
Power (kW), 60% efficiency
Output (kW-Hr/Yr), 90% availability
Household Equivalents
20 31.5 248,546 20
30 47 3 372 820 3030 47.3 372,820 30
40 63.1 497,093 40
50 78.8 621,366 50
60 94.6 745,639 60
OSSBERGER Turbine
Operating Range
Embryonic Technologies Embryonic Technologies with Potential at WRRFswith Potential at WRRFs
Gasification and Pyrolysis – Dried biosolids subjected to high temperatures with starved air (gasification) or no air (pyrolysis) to produce syngas or syndiesel, char, carbon dioxide.
Algae Propagation – Algae ponds used to treat wastewater by extracting carbon and nutrients, plus consume CO2 via photosynthesis. Algae can be processed into biofuel and recover nutrients.
Microbial Conversions - Anaerobic systems to produce electrical energy using microbial fuel cell technology to harvest electrical potential from wastewater. Other microbial conversions of wastewater constituents to biofuels may be possible.
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Alvarado Water Treatment Plant, San Diego, CA, 1 MW on water
reservoirs; power purchase agreement (PPA) with Sun Edison
West Basin Municipal Water District, El Segundo, CA,
Grit Handling Building heated by Solar Thermal Collectors,
Saco, ME
North Hudson Sewerage Authority, Hoboken, NJ
Other Renewable Energy Sources Other Renewable Energy Sources at WRRFs at WRRFs -- Wind PowerWind Power
100 kW
1 kW
Small Medium
Capital Cost ($/kW)
$4,000 to $8,000 $3,000 to $6,000
Rated Speeds 1 kW @ 13 m/s 100 kW @ 15 m/s
1.8 kW
Electricity Output Costs*
10¢+ / kWh(7¢+ / kWh with
30% grant**)
8¢+ / kWh(5.6¢ / kWh with
30% grant**)
* In industry reasonable wind conditions averaging 8 m/s.** American Recovery & Reinvestment Act provides 30% grant from U.S. Treasury
for qualifying wind projects under construction during 2009 and 2010.
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Clean Renewable Energy Bonds (CREBs) & Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds (QECBs): No interest bonds administered by IRS
WEF POSITION STATEMENT WEF POSITION STATEMENT ENCOURAGES RENEWABLEENCOURAGES RENEWABLE--ENERGY ENERGY
FUNDING INCENTIVESFUNDING INCENTIVES
Conservation Bonds (QECBs): No-interest bonds administered by IRS, typically used for hydropower, solar or wind energy sources, should be made available for WRRF energy recovery projects.Renewable Energy Production Incentives (REPI): A grant program administered by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for non-federal tax paying entities producing renewable energy.State Energy Programs (SEPs): Funding provided by DOE to the States for Revolving Loan Funds (RLF’s) to support renewable energy projects, includes specific program for WRRF energy projects.p p g gy p jState Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS): Energy derived from WRRFs should be recognized as renewable energy, including the recognition of biosolids as biomass. Federal recognition as renewable sources will enable sale of Renewable Energy Credits (RECs).
Recommends that current biomass incentives be reauthorized to include biosolids-to-energy projects, to spur financing through public-private partnerships (PPPs),
h t (PPA ) th f ll i
WEF POSITION STATEMENT ALSO WEF POSITION STATEMENT ALSO ENCOURAGES PRIVATEENCOURAGES PRIVATE--SECTOR SECTOR
FUNDING INCENTIVESFUNDING INCENTIVES
power purchase agreements (PPAs), or the following:
Production tax credits (PTCs) or Investment tax credits (ITCs): These IRS programs establish tax credits based on technology type and date placed in service. Currently, biomass is only eligible for half the PTC of wind power. They should be reauthorized for biomass projects as an equal to other technologies.Grants in lieu of tax credits: This 30% capital grant for renewable energy by DOE under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), should be reauthorized to include WRRF renewable energy projectsreauthorized to include WRRF renewable energy projects.Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) and Bonus Depreciation: Tax credit allows for a five year depreciation of 50% of the project cost, which provides an additional incentive for private investment.
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Co-chairsCharles Logue, Renewable Water Resources (ReWa)Robert Forbes, CH2M HILL,
Lead AuthorsStephen Graef, Consultant (anaerobic digestion & biogas)Peter Brady, Alpine Technologies (thermal processes)Shaun Dustin, Utah State University (algae & microbial processes)Joe Cantwell, SAIC (hydropower, solar, and wind energy)
Barry Liner, WEF Project Manager
A large cast of supporting authors and reviewers!
Renewable Energy GenerationRenewable Energy Generation from Wastewater
Robert (Bob) Forbes, P.E. Eastern U.S. Technology Leader in
Residuals Resource [email protected]
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Alicia Chakrabarti, P.E.East Bay Municipal Utility District
NBP W b tNBP WebcastDecember 7, 2011
Natural Gas
Electrical Grid
Chemicals
Other Embodied EnergyWastewater
Treatment PlantGasoline (vehicles)
Diesel (vehicles, generators)
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Service Area650,000 customers88-square mile area
Plant CharacteristicsHigh-purity oxygen activated sludgeMature resource recovery program (circa 2002)
Plant FlowsPlant FlowsAnnual average daily: 65 MGD Secondary capacity: 168 MGDPrimary capacity: 320 MGD
Oakland, California
Total Demand
On-site Generation
ImportsReduce Total Demand
Increase On-site Generation
Generation
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Demand Red.Energy MPCA
Energy
Demand Reduction O2 controlElectrical controls
New FacilitiesRecycled waterDigester upgrades
23456
man
d (M
W)
Energy Crisis Selector project Centrifuge
-12
201020082006200420022000
Dem
Energy Use (kWh/d) = 1,913 x ADWF (mgd)R2 = 0.98
1 000 000
10,000,000
d)
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
Ener
gy U
se (k
Wh/
d
EBMUD1850 kWh/MG
1000.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1,000.0 10,000.0
Average Dry Weather Flow (mgd)
Source: Survey of CASA members (2007)
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PUMPING (25%)
SOLIDS (20%)
RECYCLED WATER (5%)
BUILDINGS (10%)
Influent Pumps
Dewatering
Reactor (10%)
SECONDARY PROCESS (40%)
Oxygen Production
Reactor Decks
Identify operational changes and capital improvements to further reduce energy useS h l f iStrengthen culture of energy conservation to support continual improvementsTarget key load centers◦ Influent pumping◦ Secondary process◦ Dewatering◦ Buildings◦ BuildingsOptimize energy recovery from existing sourcesScheduled to be complete in mid-2012
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Total Demand
On-site Generation
ImportsReduce Total Demand
Increase On-site Generation
Generation
Utilize existing digester capacity to treat high-strength, trucked wasteConstructed solid/liquid receiving station
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2 500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
as P
rodu
ctio
n (M
scf)
65432
Power G
enerati
-
500
201020082006200420022000
Bio
g 21
on (MW
)
New Turbine Plant (4.6-MW Gas Turbine)
Existing Engines (6.3 MW Capacity)
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120%
and
40%60%80%
100%
ctio
n as
% D
ema
0%20%
2012est.
201020082006200420022000
Prod
ucem
and
250%300%
oduc
tion
as %
De
50%100%150%200%
Pro 0%
2000 2005 2010 3-5 yrs FutureOn-site
Cogeneration 11MW 15.5MW6.5 MW
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RegulatoryPoliticalo t ca◦ Public perception◦ Agency specific policiesMarketTechnology and Infrastructure◦ Advances in wastewater allow focus to shift
Ch i d hi f i◦ Changing demographics of service area◦ Size and capabilities of MWWTP
2005 Executive Order to reduce GHG Emissions◦ By 2010: 2000 levels◦ By 2010: 2000 levels◦ By 2020: 1990 levels◦ By 2050: 80% below 1990 levels2006 AB 32: Global Warming Solutions ActCalifornia Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)◦ Guidance for analysis, mitigation and effects of
GHG emissions in CEQA documents2007 Low Carbon Fuel Standard: reduce carbon2007 Low Carbon Fuel Standard: reduce carbon intensity of transport fuels by 10% by 2020 1989 Integrated Waste Mgmt Act (AB 939): 50% solid waste diversion mandate by 2000
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Public perceptionEBMUD specific policies
S t i bilit P li (1994)◦ Sustainability Policy (1994)Provide reliable, high-quality drinking water and wastewater service through sustainable operations, maintenance, planning, design, and construction activities that avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse effects to the environment and the public.
◦ Renewable Energy Policy (2003)Encourage and promote the cost-effective use and
ti f bl ithi th Di t i t’ tgeneration of renewable energy within the District’s water and wastewater system operations, service area, and watersheds in accordance with the District’s environmental principles.
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)◦ Environmental attribute associated with renewable
electricity◦ Allows “green electrons” to be sold at a premiumGHG reduction credits (“offsets”)Markets for RECs and offsets are in development and helping to drive renewable energy projectsenergy projects
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• Excess capacity• Freeway access• Technical capabilities
Renewable Electricity
Organic Wastes
Biodiesel
ElectricityWastes
Food Waste
Biosolids Fertilizer
Recycled WaterWastewater
Fats, Oils, and Grease
Wastewater Treatment Plant
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Alicia ChakrabartiEast Bay Municipal Utility [email protected]
Co-digestion and Achieving Zero Net Energy g g gyat a New York Wastewater Treatment Facility
Robert Ostapczuk P.E., BCEE Robert Ostapczuk P.E., BCEE Senior Environmental Engineer Hill Malcolm Pirnie/ARCADISClifton Park, [email protected]
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Background & Facility OverviewProgram Timelineog a e eTechnology Implementation◦ Co-Digestion◦ Recuperative ThickeningPerformanceFinancial ImpactsLessons LearnedConclusions
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High Rate M hili PMesophilic Process1.5 MG (5,700 m3) Primary Digester1.3 MG (4,900 m3) Secondary DigesterConfined GasConfined Gas MixingDual Membrane Gasholder (ground storage)
Recuperative Thi k iThickening700 kW Engine Generators290,000 Gal. (1,100 m3) Dairy Whey StStorageDigester Gas Conditioning
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• Major WWTF Improvements for industry• Leather tanning and finishing industries begin moving operations
1990’sg g g g p
overseas
2000’s
• Financial Crisis – Debt Service, Staffing• Cultural Shift to Energy Efficiency & Energy Generation• Co-digestion with hauled whey
2010’s
• Full scale co-digestion• Recuperative Thickening• Zero Net Energy
6
7
2
3
4
5
Total Electricity Utilized
(Millions kWh)
0
1
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Year
CHP Electricty Utility Electricity
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Overflow RetentionLeachateSeptage
Acid Whey
Effluent
Influent
RAS
Screenings & Grit Removal
PrimaryClarification
Sludge Holding
WheyEqualization
SecondaryClarification
SecondaryAeration
`
Landfill
DairyWash Water
DAFTPretreatment
Anaerobic Digestion Sludge
Thickening
`
Partnership with Neighboring DairyNeighboring Dairy IndustriesWhey both Hauled and Pumped“Instant” Impact to Gas ProductionRegular Monitoring of Strength & Feed
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Decoupling the HRT from the SRTthe SRTIncrease the SRT by returning partially digested sludge to thickeningSimilar to RAS in activated sludge processactivated sludge processIncreases digester capacity without capital intensive expansions
Parameter Units 2002 2006 2009 2011
Organic Loading Rate lbs VS/ft3 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.22g g VS/ft3
Digester Gas Generation ft3/d 83,000 137,000 195,200 407,500
Volatile Solids Reduction % 40 47 68 66
Biogas Production ft3/lbs VS 13.0 14.6 8.8 18.5g VS
Natural GasConsumption Therms 16,230 761 211 0
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Item CostIncremental
2011 Projected Costs 2011 Projected RevenueItem RevenueWhey $740 000Incremental
Chemical Costs $100,000
Incremental Sludge Disposal Costs
$550,000*
Incremental GeneratorMaintenance Costs
$100,000
Whey $740,000Electrical Generation $640,000
Total $1,380,000
Net Revenue = $605,000/yr*
Electrical generation based on anCostsDigester Gas Drying Costs $25,000
Total $775,000
Electrical generation based on an avoided cost of $0.12/kWh
* Based on 14% sludge cake, 20% sludge cake provides a net revenue of $855,000 per year
Must include fail-safes on feed sourceson feed sourcesOdor generation increases at thickeningDewatering impacts must be consideredCultural change critical gto program successSuccess had tangible impact on staff
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RT is a cost-effective means of gainingmeans of gaining capacityCo-digestion and RT Boost Gas productionPartnership provides win-win opportunitiesppZero Net Energy can be a reality
Robert Ostapczuk, P.E., BCEE, Pirnie\[email protected]: 518.250.7305
Corresponding Author::
ThankAcknowledgements:George Bevington, GJJWWTFGJJWWTF Operations StaffKathleen O’Connor, P.E., NYSERDAPaul Bassette, P.E., BCEE, Pirnie\ARCADIS Chamindra Dassanayake, PhD, P.E Pirnie\ARCADIS
Thank You
Presenter:
., ARCADIS
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“Renewable Green Energy from Wastewater and Biosolids - POTW Case Studies Attempting to Achieve Net Energy
Production”
Q & A Session