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National Broadband Masterplan

(2016-2020)

Ministry of Information and Communication Government of Nepal, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu,

NEPAL

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List of abbreviations

RTDF Rural Telecommunications Development Fund

FTTH Fiber-to-the-Home

ICTs Information and Communications Technologies

NDLI National Digital Literacy Initiative

ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

IXP Internet Exchange Points

GNI Gross National Income

QoS Quality of service

GPON Gigabit passive optical network GSM Global system for mobile communications

W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

IMT-2000 International Mobile Telecommunications-2000

WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

LTE Long-Term Evolution (mobile communication

ADSL Asymmetric digital subscriber line

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

EPON Ethernet Passive Optical Network

EV-DO CDMA2000 Evolution Data Optimized

GSM Global system for mobile communications HSDPA High-Speed Download Packet Access HSUPA High-Speed Upload Packet Access

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive summary 4 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Structure of the masterplan 7 2.0 Current status 2.1 Current market structure 7 2.2 Competitive state of industry 8 2.3 Current policy frameworks/initiatives 10 2.4 Regulatory framework 11 2.5 Spectrum utilization 11 3.0 Key challenges 3.1 Power disruptions 12 3.2 Affordability 13 3.3 Policy and regulatory barriers 13 4.0 Broadband technology consideration for Nepal 4.1 Introduction 13 4.2 GSM and W-CDMA 14 4.3 LTE 15 4.4 WiMAX 15 4.5 Wireless offloading 16 4.6 The use of satellites communication 16 4.7 Fixed broadband 16 5.0 Approaches to Broadband development in Nepal 17 6.0 National Broadband masterplan: some key considerations 6.1 Enabling the wireless broadband end-to-end ecosystem 19 6.2 Policy and regulatory dimensions 20 6.3 Licensing structure 20 6.4 Facilitation of competitive entry of a new entrant 21 6.5 Spectrum management and regulation 21 6.7 Reforming RTDF 25 7.0 Applications and content 25 8.0 Formulation of National Broadband Development Programme 26 Appendix I: Appendix II: Action Plan Matrix

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Executive Summary

Information and communication technologies are increasingly taking centre stage in sustainable development and growth strategies of countries around the world. Along those lines, high level of policy emphasis has been placed on broadband deployment given apparent correlation between wide-scale uptake, availability and use of broadband and economic growth. Nepal has responded to opportunities in this area by framing a comprehensive policy for the development of broadband in the country in the form of National Broadband Policy. This masterplan lays down an integrated framework for action in support of objectives and goals envisaged by the National Broadband Policy and as such is intended to serve as means for guiding its effective implementation. Despite impressive headway made in the telecommunications sector in Nepal, especially in the area of mobile telephony and expansion of wireless networks, the current state of broadband ecosystem leaves a lot of room for improvement. There is an urgent need to strengthen strategies along access, adoption and competition dimensions to promote the development of broadband in the country. Nepal's broadband development initiatives must be anchored on demand and supply side imperatives to be really effective. While universalizing broadband by, inter alia, expanding the remit of RTDF to include broadband access and availability as part of universal service obligations, great deal of emphasis should also be placed to stimulate demand for broadband services across the country as well as to promote innovative applications aligned with our development priorities. This defines the context within which this masterplan moots activities geared towards promoting broadband based service deliveries in areas like health, education and agriculture. In terms of deployment architecture, Nepal needs to promote both fixed and wireless broadband or combination thereof. While wireless broadband holds a tremendous prospect for Nepal given its topography, over reliance on the same might not yield intended outcome and will likely fall short of offering 'future-proofing' benefits especially given the prospects of ever increasing bandwidth demands. Concrete measures will be needed to lower barriers and mitigate challenges in relation to expanding availability of and access to broadband across the country. First and foremost, steps must be taken to drive competition in the sector as a means of generating value to consumers in terms of expanded choices, enhanced quality and affordable price points. Affordability of broadband services is a crucial element impinging upon wide scale adoption given current tariff structure for such services which is way above the limit of 5% or less of GNI per capita as recommended by Broadband Commission. It is within these contexts that this masterplan stresses the need to facilitate competitive entry of one additional telecommunications services provider in addition to two leading players dominating Nepal's telecommunication space. This masterplan envisages that the strategy to go about it would be to streamline spectrum allocation and governance regime and more importantly, release additional spectrum lower frequency bands (including, for example, on 700 MHz and 1800 MHz bands). Similarly, this masterplan also stresses the need to pave the way for re-purposing unused analogue TV spectrum like TV White spaces to provide connectivity for communities beyond the reach of commercial wired or wireless broadband service, in addition, of course, to other measures that needs to taken to account for market failures in pursuit of universal obligation goals.

Issue relating to international connectivity is another area that needs attention going forward. There is an urgent need to ensure that sufficient competition exists in international connectivity backbone space as this remains one of key determinants of broadband cost structure. In addition, international connectivity must also be looked at from the perspective of ensuring resilience of infrastructure and redundancies. While it is important to analyze the structure of competition in international connectivity space and

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create favourable regulatory and investment climate, Nepal should also support initiatives aimed at promoting terrestrial international connectivity, like Asian Information Superhighway being spearheaded by UNESCAP.

This masterplan stresses the need to carry out a number of activities over a period of 4 years in support of strategies and objectives of broadband policy. It is within this context that the masterplan envisions the formulation of National Broadband Development Programme (NBDP) which is intended to serve as the key vehicle for the implementation of the masterplan. NBDP is envisioned to be a sufficiently capacitated initiative with its steering committee to be headed by the Minister of Information and Communication.

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1. Introduction 1.1 Background Over the past several years, Nepal has witnessed impressive development of the telecommunication sector in the country. Among others, there has been marked improvement in the area competitive intensity of the sector which has resulted in greater tele-density, especially in the area of mobile telephony with current penetration level reaching more than 90%. Despite such trends, however the overall state of the development of ICT sector in the country continues to remain challenging. For one, challenges in the area of affordability and availability of broadband services continue to severely limit the prospect of effectively harnessing ICTs to deliver far reaching development outcomes. This need to be viewed in the context of widely accepted observation that universal broadband adoption results in significant positive externalities for interpersonal communication, civic participation, distance learning, e-healthcare, entertainment, future innovations and economic growth in general. All this has necessitated appropriate and targeted policy and regulatory responses from the government that enable creation of an ecosystem favourable to the growth of the ICT sector in general and broadband in particular. This defines the context within which this masterplan is formulated. This masterplan builds upon recent policy frameworks introduced by the government, namely National Broadband Policy and National ICT Policy which has envisioned a need for a cogent framework for action for the implementation of policy and strategy provisions as outlined in the documents. In terms of guiding approaches, the National Broadband Policy envisions the creation of holistic ecosystem conducive to the development of broadband network and services in Nepal leading to universal availability of broadband services. This calls for a need to factor in both supply and demand-side imperatives while developing comprehensive framework for action for positioning broadband within Nepal's poverty reduction, sustainable development and growth strategies and aspirations.

It has been recognized during the formulation of this Masterplan that a holistic approach to broadband development should factor in all technology options. For example, given its topology and relatively underdeveloped fixed-line infrastructure, broadband development strategies in Nepal should lay a great deal of emphasis on promoting wireless and mobile broadband. At the same time, it must also be understood however that wire-line broadband based on fiber optic networks and infrastructure stands to offer far greater value in terms of quality, speed, reliability, scalability and ability to meet fast evolving bandwidth needs and hence, demands focused policy attention going forward. As indicate earlier, this master plan is a continuation in the series of policy and related initiatives undertaken by the Government of Nepal to promote investment in telecommunication and broadband

• Access( Supply or Connectivity)

Expand access to networks to

improve availability of broadband ;

• Adoption ( Demand or Usage ),

Stimulate demand and to make

effective use/appropriation of

networks deployed more effective

• Competition

Maintain a competitive environment In

order sustain growth of broadband

penetration, and drive innovation and

deliver consumer benefits.

Fig 1: Broadband Masterplan : key guiding elements

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sector in the country. This masterplan builds upon the Wireless Broadband Masterplan framework for the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal developed by ITU in the year 2010. While universal access to broadband will significantly enhance Nepal's development and growth prospects, one of the guiding principles for the formulation of this master plan is also to secure alignment with a new, inclusive, multi-stakeholder development agenda, to be framed by a new set of goals and targets, the Sustainable Development Goals, as the cornerstone of post 2015-development agenda under the auspices of the United Nations. This is premised on the realization that ICT and broadband can play a major role in delivering integrated, cross-sectoral, sustainable development outcomes. 1.2 Structure of the Master plan This Master plan has been structured into the following components: - Current status highlighting state of play of broadband and telecommunication - Key challenges facing the telecommunication and ICT sector - Key considerations for the broadband masterplan - Technology aspects that need to be factored in - Spectrum management aspects for both wireless and fixed broadband - Additional connectivity considerations that should guide broadband roll-out strategies - Facilitating applications and content for demand stimulation -Conclusions, recommendations and action plan 2.0 Current status 2.1 Current market structure As indicated earlier, over the years, mobile networks in Nepal have continued to grow rapidly with Nepal Telecom and NCELL together commanding more than 95% of market share as key operators. Of the two key operators, Nepal Telecom's services portfolio also include provision of fixed-line telephone services. Since growth in this space has suffered stagnation, Nepal Telecom has embarked upon initiatives to optimize this resource by upgrading ADSL+2 broadband services. In addition, the following operators are providing rural telephony services in rural areas of Nepal:

Infrastructure

Content/Services

Affordability

Skills

Broadband adoption and

use

Exhibit 2: Elements of demand ecosystem

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• Gramintel (CG Telecom): licensed to provide Rural Telecom Services (RTS) in rural areas of the Eastern Development Region. It provides fixed telecom services; • United Telecom Limited (UTL): the first private operator to be granted a nation-wide licence.

• Nepal Satellite Telecom Pvt Ltd (NSTPL): licensed to provide Basic Telecom Services (BTS) throughout the country; • Smart Telecom (STPL): licensed to provide Basic Telecommunications Services throughout Nepal. In terms of further expansion of telecommunication infrastructure, major operators have embarked on plans and projects to enhance country's teledensity and digital divide over the past four years. These include: • The 4G (WiMAX) networks of Nepal Telecom aimed at connecting municipalities and village development committee. The network is utilizing 30 MHz of spectrum in the 2.3 GHz band. • Network expansion plan formulated by Nepal Telecom in 2011 to roll out of its 10 million GSM/W-CDMA lines in two packages (one covering the Central, Eastern, Far Western and Mid-Western development regions each and the other, Kathmandu Valley and Western Development Region). • Deployment of more than 500 Wi-Fi hotspots throughout the country by Nepal Telecom. On the key infrastructure front, backhaul for telecommunications services remains largely underdeveloped in the country, especially in terms of coverage, availability of shared and open access infrastructure and redundancies. As a consequence, operators have deployed their own backhaul networks. There are now three complete east-west networks owned by Nepal Telecom, UTL and NCELL Similarly, an OFC based link between China and Nepal via Tatopani has been established. However, recent earthquake has hampered full operation of this network. Smaller providers operate their own, smaller backhaul networks. In addition to this network, additional link to China through Kerung is underway which will come into operation very soon.document. International connectivity is another critical area needing focused attention in the context of expansion of telecommunication/ broadband infrastructure in Nepal, especially given the landlocked nature of the countryCurrently international connectivity is available through India only. With the link to China through Kerung an alternative connectivity can be assured. 2.2 Competitive state of industry As indicated earlier, a number of telecom operators are providing telecommunications services in Nepal (see Table 1) . Table 1: Telecom Operators

Telecommunication Operators

Company Service Market Share Description

Nepal Telecom Mobile and Fixed-line Incumbent. Provides GSM, WCDMA CDMA and WiMAX based mobile services

NCELL Mobile Provides

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GSM and WCDMA services.

United Telecom Ltd. Wireless Local Loop Limited mobility service usingCDMA

Smart Telecom Fixed-line, Mobile and Satellite

Provides GSM services.

Gramintel Fixed-line

Services eastern regions (fixed)

Nepal Satellite Fixed-line Services western regions.

Apart from the telecommunications operators as listed above, more than 40 ISPs and telecommunication operators are providing internet services to 12,516,815 subscribers/users using various technologies.1

ISPs continue to play a very crucial role in expanding internet access across the country.

The execution of this Masterplan will be a living and an on-going process with the flexibility to accommodate changes and factor in the dynamism of the sector as execution of this masterplan progresses. Consequently, the responsible agencies should prepare themselves to conduct ongoing monitoring, evaluation and carry out revisions as policies are enacted and their effects are felt, and as and when new broadband technologies and applications emerge. 2.3 Current policy frameworks and initiatives in ICT sector Over the years, the Government has embarked upon formulation of a number of policy and regulatory frameworks aimed at developing the ICT sector. National Communication Policy formulated in 1992 in essence paved the way for the liberalization of the telecommunication sector in Nepal followed by the enactment of The Telecommunications Act and Regulations in 1997. These initiatives marked an important milestone leading to creation of a legal and institutional framework for the regulation of the sector. Building upon these initiatives, a new telecommunications policy announced in 2004 laid the crucial groundwork for further intensification of the process of liberalization of the sector through commitment to promote technology neutrality and open licensing regime, among others. Similarly, Information Technology Policy (IT Policy) announced in the year 2000 was the first policy initiative aimed at positioning IT as tool for development and growth. The IT Policy has since been revised in 2010. The formulation of Broadband Policy in the year 2014 marks yet another significant initiative aimed at creating a favourable environment for the growth of ICT sector in the country and through this means, catalyzing sustainable development. In addition, a comprehensive ICT Policy has been formulated in the year 2015 which envisages to create a condition favourable to holistic and integrated development of the ICT sector in the country.

1 Nepal Telecommunications Authority MIS Report,Magh, 2072 (15, January – 12, February, 2016)

Goal

> An effective competitive

environment for the provision

of broadband services in Nepal,

ensuring a real choice for consumers

and businesses, for both mobile and

fixed networks, irrespective of

geography.

> A regulatory framework that enables

sustainable competition.

> A regulator that is independent and

empowered with the ability to enforce

its decisions.

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The Broadband Policy as well as National ICT Policy has established a broad framework for the development of ICT sector which, inter alia, encompasses the following: - addressing challenges and opportunities created by convergence of telecommunication and IT - a commitment to technology neutrality - a policy framework favouring equity and access - the need for developing sector specific strategies in relation to provision of a range of e-services In addition to broad policy frameworks formulated as indicated above, the Government has adopted a range of policies in spectrum management and governance space realizing well that appropriate spectrum allocation policy is the key instrument for achieving optimization of frequency use, through that means, ensuring optimal harnessing of this crucial resource for the flourishment of Broadband service. 2.4 Regulatory framework Regulatory environment has a very crucial role to play in broadband development. It is said that a more advanced regulatory environment is on average associated with a higher mobile and fixed broadband penetration. A study conducted by ITU has shown that a 10% increase in a country’s regulatory score is associated with a 7.7% increase on average in fixed-broadband penetration and a 2.3% increase on average in mobile-cellular penetration.2 Nepal's telecommunications sector is administered through a number of regulatory instruments like legislation and subsidiary legislations as outlined in Table 2. Table 2: The telecommunication legal/ regulatory regime in NepalAmb/ Instruments

Operational domain

Legal/Regulatory Instruments

Licensing -Telecommunications Act, 1997, as amended by the Amendment Act, 2007 and Telecommunication Amendment Act, 2008 - Telecommunications Regulations 1998 - Guidelines on Licensing Telecommunication Services

Spectrum management and allocation

- Radio Act 1957 - Radio Communications (License) Regulation 1992 - Telecommunication Service Radio Frequency (Distribution and Pricing) Policy, 2069

Access and interconnection

- Telecommunication Act 1997, Guidelines for Interconnection

Retail and tariff regulation

- Telecommunication Act 1997, Tariff Guidelines

Competition - Telecommunication Act 1997 and NTA's regulatory instruments like licensing and other mechanisms

Universal service obligation

- Telecommunication Act 1997

2.4.1 Spectrum Utilization

2 Trends in Telecommunication Reform https:// www. itu. int/ pub/ D- PREF- TTR/ en and http:// www. itu. int/ en/

publications/ Documents / Trends2015- short- version_ pass- e374681. pdf

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The Radio Act of 1957 is the primary legal document governing Radio frequency laws and regulations. One of the key objectives of this Act is to empower the government to make rules with respect to radio machines (Section 10) which includes stipulation that subject to express exceptions, a licence is required to hold, use and manufacture radio machines (Section 3, Radio Act, 1957). Building upon the provision of this Act, a more structured approach to RF policy has been made in the subsequent Telecommunication Act, Chapter 11 of which provides for the creation of the Radio Frequency Policy Determination Committee. Its purpose is to determine policy relating to radio frequencies and spectrum allocation as well as pricing. The following Table outlines the current spectrum allocations to mobile service providers. Table 3: Spectrum Allocation to mobile service providers

Licensee CDMA 800 GSM 900 GSM 1800 IMT 2000 (2100 MHz)

2.3 GHz

Nepal Telecom

2 x 5MHz 2 x 9.6 MHz,

2 x 15 MHz,

- 2 x10 MHz 30 MHz

Smart Telecom - 2 x 5 MHz,

2x12 MHz -

UTL 2 x 2.5 MHz,

- - -

NSTPL - 2 x 4.4 MHz 2 x 9 MHz -

STM - 2 x 2.4 MHz - -

NCELL - 2 x8 MHz,

2 x11 MHz,

2 x 10 MHz

It must be noted that wireless broadband, both fixed and mobile, is growing faster than wireline broadband in Nepal. More so given the geographic and demographic make up of the country where roll-out of wireline broadband poses a number of challenges. Even though Fiber optic based networks offer a level of stability, scalability, speed and reliability that bring about remarkable flexibility in facilitating fast evolving use of internet characterized by ever increasing demand on bandwidth, innovation in the areas like 4G/LTE will continue to drive wireless mobile growth. It is important therefore to ensure that Nepal continues place high level of policy emphasis on the growth of wireless broadband given Nepal's topography and affordability barriers associated with appropriation of wireline broadband. The continued growth of wireless depends on the availability of new spectrum, both licensed and unlicensed, and the adoption of better, more efficient models for spectrum regulation. 3.0 Key challenges 3.1 Power disruptions With current electricity generation capacity hovering around only little over 700 MW in the face of 7-9% growth annually in consumer demand, Nepal's overall energy and power situation remains extremely challenging. Load shedding in dry months can go upto 12 hours, having adverse effects on Nepal's overall development and economic growth prospects, not least on broadband development. Among others, telecommunication and ICT sector significantly bear the brunt of power woes in Nepal as they remain heavily dependent on the national grid for their power needs. Frequent power disruptions resulting from marked asymmetry in levels of power generation and demand have offered formidable challenges for the expansion of telecommunication infrastructure in the country. This has required telecommunication operators to make additional investment in alternative energy sources with sizable cost implications. Cost incurred in alternative sources of energy is eventually passed down to the consumers with impact on

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price points for retail telecommunication services, more particularly, broadband. This has also served to discourage investment in the sector and thwart demand especially for value added services of ICTs and disincentivize innovation.

3.2 Affordability Against the backdrop of Nepal's GNI per capita of around US$ 700 per annum, current tariff structure of telecommunication and ICT services, more particularly that of broadband internet as well as computers and access devices is a crucial issue impinging on wide scale uptake of ICTs and related services thereof. Even though Internet penetration in Nepal is on the rise thanks to the roll-out of 3G services by major telecommunication operators as well as ISPs expanding their footprints in many parts of the country, the quality of service availed to the consumers in terms of meaningful internet experience and bandwidth remains questionable. Comparatively high cost associated with quality broadband access is still barring a sizable section of population from effectively appropriating broadband services. 1Mbps wired Broadband connection available in urban areas would cost consumers around 15,000 Rs/ year which is around 21.42% of Nepal'a GNI per capita, this is way above Broadband Commission's target of bringing the cost of broadband services below 5% of GNI per capita. Going forward, it will be important to address issues relating to affordability in order to stimulate demand and drive up investment. 3.3 Policy and regulatory barriers

Despite some significant amount of work done in the policy and regulatory space over the years, a number of policy and regulatory bottlenecks still exist which impact broadband penetration irrespective of technology configurations. Therefore the Government should adopt the policy which will facilitate the broadband penetration in the country namely;

a simple licensing regime which will encourage companies from entering the domestic market and enhancing competition and expanding consumer choice;

transparent spectrum allocation regime;

simple tax regime that will promote purchasing new technology / equipment and impacts overall demand for ICT services

clear road map or regulatory mandate on promoting open access and infrastructure sharing regimes

4.0 Broadband technology considerations for Nepal 4.1 Introduction Nepal embraces a technology-neutral approach in its policy orientation with respect to telecommunication and broadband. The end goal of this approach is to enable the promotion of efficient and harmonized technology and not to create barriers to innovative technology options. Harmonised technology ensures interoperability and cheaper telecommunications equipment. This section will address the issues relating to technology harmonisation and canvas the major mobile technologies available for Nepal. (see also, Wireless broadband Masterplan for the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, ITU 2010)

The Broadband Policy focuses on the expansion of broadband services without specifying whether it has any preferred spectrum bands. As for effective radio spectrum governance and allocation strategies, it must be noted that the great benefit of lower spectrum ranges is increased propagation, which means broadband services are capable of reaching a larger geographic area and a higher number of people. This is particularly important for Nepal given its geography, where greater range achieved by lower frequencies can be leveraged to ensure maximum coverage.

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Along those lines, it will be crucial to exploit the technological benefits of the lowest frequency bands as much as possible (e.g. including the 700 MHz and 1800 MHz bands) for the deployment of LTE technology. This will also pave the way for effectively taking advantage of 4G broadband services and the growth that is expected to take place in this area.

Case studies have shown that the cost of 3G coverage with UMTS900 can save operators between 50 to 70 per cent of mobile network costs (including Capex and Opex) versus UMTS21003. In addition, UMTS900 can also provide 3G and mobile broadband services in rural and regional areas. There is also an added benefit of improved indoor coverage. All districts in Nepal have been covered through CDMA-based EVDO services. In addition, GSM-based 3G service has been launched in more than 66 districts and ADSL services are available in all districts of the country. The existing GSM infrastructure in the country can be very effectively leveraged to achieve a rapid transition to widespread wireless broadband in Nepal.

4.2 GSM and W-CDMA

4.2.1 GSM

Spectrum allocations in this area in Nepal are consistent with the majority of countries worldwide. In the transition from 2G to 3G a number of standards have been developed, which are categorized as 2.5G. These are add-ons to the 2G standards and mainly focus on deployment of efficient IP connectivity within the mobile networks. Data access is provided by General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and offers throughput rates of up to 40 kbit/s. 4.2.2 W-CDMA/HSPA W-CDMA is the access scheme which serves as the main technical platform for UMTS or Third Generation Mobile services. W-CDMA services are to operate within the following frequency bands: 1920 MHz – 1980 MHz and 2110 MHz – 2170 MHz. W-CDMA was selected by ITU as one of the global telecommunication systems for the new IMT-2000 3G mobile communications standard. In W-CDMA interface different users can simultaneously transmit at different data rates and data rates can even vary in time. W-CDMA is capable of delivering up to 384 kbit/s in outdoor environments and up to 2 Mbit/s in fixed indoor environment. High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a set of technologies that allow W-CDMA operators to run their networks at broadband speeds. Peak downlink and uplink throughput is at 14.4 and 5.7 Mbit/s, respectively. HSPA+, which harnesses MIMO (multiple in, multiple out) enables peak data rates of up to 42 Mbit/s.

3 Wireless Broadband Masterplan for the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, ITU 2010

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4.3 LTE

LTE is the latest standard in the mobile network technology evolution that follows from the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies. It is a project of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). The current LTE specification Release 9 provides downlink peak rates of at least 100 Mbit/s, an uplink of at least 50 Mbit/s. LTE supports scalable carrier bandwidths, from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz and supports both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD). The next step for LTE evolution is LTE Advanced.

4.4 WiMAX WiMAX is the popular name of IEEE802.16 standard which can serve as both a fixed and wireless access technology. The technology can offer a coverage of 50 km and capacity of around 70 Mbit/s. It is, however, important to note that the capacity offered over long distances is only a fraction of the maximum capacity, and WiMAX as access technology is offered in distances of 5 to 10 km. WiMAX is thought of by some as a good complementary/competitive infrastructure to traditional broadband.

Network

infrastructureDownload speed Upload Speed Coverage /Range

Fibre to the home

(FTTH) Gigabit

Passive Optical

Network (GPON)

(ITU-T G.984)

Up to 2.4 Gbit/s Up to 2.4 Gbit/sLess than 60 km

ADSL (G.DMT) Up to 8 Mbit/s Up to 1 Mbit/s Up to 3 km

3G (IMT-2000)

Minimum 2 Mbit/s

for stationary or

walking users, and

348 kbit/s for a

moving vehicle

Minimum 300 kbit/

sUp to 8 km

4G (IMT-

Advanced)

Peak data rates of 1

Gbit/s for

stationary or

walking users, and

100 Mbit/s for a

moving vehicle

Peak data rate of

500 Mbit/s

Optimized for up

to

Up to 8 km

Exhibit 3: Access network infrastructure data throughput and

coverage comparisons

Source: http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.984.1-200803-I/en, http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ip/chapter_seven .html,

http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/imt-2000/technology.html, http://www.itu.int/net/newsroom/wrc/2012/reports/

imt_advanced.aspx

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Another important aspect is that 70 Mbit/s will only be achieved if frequency bandwidth of 20 MHz is allocated and assigned by the local authorities. Many regulators will probably assign smaller frequency bands to the potential WiMAX operators. A competing technology to the mobile version of WiMAX (IEEE.802.16e) is LTE.

4.5 Wireless offloading As wireless data and broadband services grow in Nepal, measures should be taken to ensure to safeguard the quality of wireless services by encouraging operators that adopt network offloading techniques. These include Wi-Fi offloading, Femtocell deployment, smart repeaters and distributed antenna systems. Network offloading should be facilitated as it alleviates capacity constraints, and is a sensible allocation of spectrum resources. Specifically, the ability to utilize open access spectrum (such as 2.4 and 5 GHz) to support those small number of cell sites/locations which face congestion has considerable merit. An analysis of the potential use of off-loading techniques should form part of the needs and valuation models for additional spectrum. 4.6 The use of satellite communication

Satellites are valuable part of the broadband infrastructure strategy. They are able to provide ubiquitous connectivity and are very well suited for areas which are either underserved or unserved by terrestrial networks. They are able to augment and combine with terrestrial network and once launched can accelerate the availability of high-speed Internet services in such areas. Moreover, satellite communication does not have any last mile issues and can provide a high degree of reliability in the event of disasters etc. The new generation of satellite broadband systems known as HTS (High Throughput Satellite) has a number of new features: • spot beam technology, where switchable beams illuminate much smaller areas (100s of km instead of 1000 km); Beam coverage forms a honeycomb/cellular pattern with frequency reuse; (this concept of frequency reuse drastically increases overall capacity; spot beam technology, where switchable beams illuminate much smaller areas ; • use of Ka band leads to smaller antenna dishes; satellite broadband services with frequency reuse, faster speeds and smaller dish antennas in Ka band drive down the costs to a much lower level.

4.7 Fixed Broadband In terms of technology architecture underpinning broadband deployment strategies, Nepal needs to adopt and promote a range of technology choices; namely Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) technologies, FTTx, and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) technologies, (e.g. fixed WiMAX or fixed LTE and beyond), in addition to mobile Broadband Technologies, like 3G or 4G (HSPA, HSPA+ and LTE). The need for increased policy emphasis on fixed broadband, more particularly based on FO based networks becomes all the more urgent given ever increasing demand for bandwidth and fast evolving usage pattern.

Fixed broadband encompasses high-speed data transmission to homes and businesses using technologies such as T1, cable, DSL and FO/FTTx. Especially in urban areas, specific measures need to be taken to promote private sector investment on implementations like FTTx. The fibre connectivity having unlimited bandwidth and state of the art technology provides fixed access platform to deliver the high

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speed broadband from 256 Kbps to 100 Mbps, IPTV having different type of contents like HDTV and range of voice telephony services. It provides a comprehensive solution for the IP leased line, internet, MPLS-VPN, VoIP, video conferencing and video calls. One of the key features of network based on this technology is that bandwidth on demand can be delivered by this connectivity without changing the access fibre and home device.

5.0 Approaches to broadband development in Nepal Nepal's broadband strategies factor in the need to address several high-speed transmission technologies based on both wireless and wireline infrastructure such as Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Cable Modem, Fiber, Wireless technologies, Satellite, etc.

As is true with most countries, Nepal's approaches to broadband development include strategies that have

led to the formulation of policies and regulations aimed creating a conducive investment climate for a

vibrant broadband development ecosystem. The policy and regulatory instruments that Nepal has

developed are primarily geared towards building the supply of, as well as stimulating demand for,

broadband network and services. The following constitute some of the key approaches to broadband

development in Nepal:

> Using competition to promote market growth

Nepal has adopted the policy of promoting competition to drive market growth in broadband space.

Along those lines, the government realizes the importance of strengthening competition throughout the

broadband supply chain (International Connectivity – National Backbone – Last Mile Access – Access Devices) in

order to stimulate market growth, expand access, boosting affordability and fostering value added

services. Going forward, it will be important for Nepal to use collaborative approaches between the

public and private sectors to promote and universalize broadband services. Competition can take varied

forms including facility-based competition, and service-based competition. As a broadband friendly

strategic orientation, it will important that Nepal promotes inter-modal competition, notably between

digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, and emerging wireless technologies. It is also important to

ensure that level playing fields are created and competitive markets fostered to ensure fast private sector–

led growth of broadband services. > Stimulating demand As a key strategic orientation, it will be equally important to focus on stimulating demand for broadband services as supply side considerations alone will not create a favourable ecosystem for broadband growth. It is within these contexts that demand facilitation is taken into account in the development of national broadband policy and the masterplan. Demand facilitation strategies are generally targeted during early stages of market development to raise broadband awareness among users, making services more affordable and expanding networks and services to the widest population in the shortest time possible. Going forward, it will be important to ensure that public funds like RTDF are mobilized to support research, content development, user awareness, information and communication technology (ICT) skill development and digital literacy programs. To encourage take-up of broadband among residents, nations around the world have adopted policies aimed at stimulating demand for such services, including promoting broadband in education; subsidizing computer adoption, establishing digital literacy programs; and migrating government services and content to the Internet (e-government). Overall, nations with more effective and well-funded policies appear to have been able to boost their broadband performance more in comparison with nations with less

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effective or less wellfunded policies.

> Ensuring Equitable Access for All Nepal's broadband plan and strategies are also premised around the need to ensure equitable access to broadband for all. Given the transformative role that broadband can play in achieving targets of development and growth, initiatives must taken to ensure that universal access to broadband services are provided. > Formulating National Broadband Development Program (NBDP) A comprehensive broadband development initiative in the form of a nationally executed Programme will be designed and launched in Nepal with a view to helping achieve broadband policy objectives and intended policy outcomes. This Programme will serve as the main vehicle for the execution of this masterplan. Along those lines, National Broadband Development Programme (NBDP) will be formulated and will be funded through RTDF and external resources with a view to connecting unserved and underserved areas throughout the country as well as rolling out interventions aimed at stimulating demand for broadband services. As key component of the Programme, a national optic fiber network project will be designed and executed to extend high capacity broadband network to rural and underserved areas of Nepal. A Connect Nepal Fund (CNF) as a key component of NBDP will be created utilizing RTDF and external resources to fund national optic fiber network. The Programme and the projects therein will provide internet access, help expand e-services and citizen centric e-applications nationally using both a) new and existing optical fiber backbones and extending it to outlying areas, creating national optical fiber network and b) deploying wireless connectivity infrastructure where appropriate. The National Optical Fiber Network Project will be executed using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technologies for fiber optic based networks. All the Service Providers like Telecommunication operators, ISPs, Cable TV operators, fixed broadband suppliers etc. will be given non-discriminatory access to the National Optical Fiber Network to launch various services in rural and underserved areas. Both wireline and wireless broadband infrastructure to be developed by NBDP through RDTF and external funding arrangements will provide non-discriminatory access to such infrastructure in order to bridge digital divide across unserved and underserved areas of Nepal.

> Technology neutrality Nepal's policy and regulatory provisions basically adopt a technology-neutral approach in order to ensure that operators are not constrained into continuing offering a particular service when cost effective and more efficient substitutes are available. Technology harmonization will be promoted to ensure interoperability and that cheaper telecommunications equipment are available. The National Broadband Policy focuses on the expansion of broadband services without bias towards any spectrum bands.

> Significantly enhanced International connectivity, national backbone and access networks

Nepal's broadband strategies factor in the development and optimum utilization of all three critical network components namely, international (and regional) connectivity, national backbone, and access networks as the key elements of developing a vibrant broadband ecosystem. Taking into account sustained growth prospects of mobile broadband in Nepal, the key requirement in servicing the growing demand is to supply sufficient national fiber capacity for the backbone, including backhaul connectivity to base stations, which are currently mostly using microwave radio links on

18

networks designed for second generation of mobile telecommunications technology (2G). Accelerating the roll-out of backbone infrastructure and promoting affordable broadband access for all is a significant investment challenge requiring a holistic approach combining (a) active infrastructure sharing, (b) passive infrastructure sharing, and/or (c) deployment of own infrastructure. Both (a) and (b) must also aim to promote/leverage excess capacity on fiber-optic networks of other utility companies like OPGW supplied by NEA.

In addition of robust backbone/backhaul network, Nepal must strive to improve international connectivity along capacity, redundancy and resilience dimensions. Along those lines, a through review of Nepal's status on international connectivity, IP transit and network management issues need to be undertaken going forward. Among other things, Nepal should take immediate steps to diversify terrestrial connectivity which currently imposes almost exclusive reliance with India, by extending and operationalizing fiber optic backbone links with China.

6.0 National Broadband master plan: key framework for action

6.1 Enabling Broadband end-to-end ecosystem This masterplan seeks to lay out a comprehensive framework for action aimed at creating a conducive ecosystem that supports broadband development throughout the country based on National Broadband Policy and strategy.

The key elements of this master plan are intended to facilitate the creation of end-to-end ecosystem that promotes investment in connectivity infrastructure, content and services to consumers. While the focus is necessarily on the customer access networks, this masterplan examines five key factors which are critical in facilitating the broadband penetration in Nepal: (a) policy and regulatory dimension (b) technology aspects ; (c) spectrum management aspects ; (d) international connectivity ; (e) facilitating content and application.

In order to strengthen broadband development initiative in the country, a more concerted effort needs to be made to analyze the gap between normal, market driven growth rates and set broadband targets in order to help policy and decision makers and concerned government agencies identify possible interventions to reduce it. One way to go about it would be to develop a technology market model capable of estimating the needed investment using different technology combinations (for example, Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) technologies, FTTx, and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) technologies, for e.g. fixed WiMAX or fixed LTE as well as Mobile Broadband Technologies, like 3G, or 4G mobile technologies -HSPA, HSPA+ and LTE). This quantitative analysis helps in identifying the right combination of policy tools and strategic directives to create a robust broadband ecosystem in the country. National Broadband Development Program which is envisaged to be a mechanism for implementing broadband masterplan, could take on this responsibility going forward. 6.2 Policy and regulatory dimension

International

ConnectivityNational Backbone Last Mile Access

Access Devices and

Retail services

Fig 4: Broadband Infrastructure Supply Chain

19

A close scrutiny of Nepal's prevailing policy and regulatory frameworks applicable to wireless and wireline broadband services reveal a number of elements which could be improved upon in order to create a globally comparable regulatory environment. In order to facilitate intensified roll-out of broadband infrastructure and services, it is important to ensure that regulatory instruments are well targeted towards promoting pro-competitive practices, levels of service, service plan transparency, and service plan honesty, among others.

It is worth mentioning here that achieving of broadband objectives and goals is also at times the function of demographic, geographic and other factors that policy cannot easily influence. However the fact remains that conducive policy orientation especially in relation to unbundling, effective spectrum governance regime and promotion of competitive market have been seen to be instrumental in driving broadband deployment and adoption in many countries around the world. While a number of elements are assessed Exhibit 2, three issues relating to licensing and spectrum management and regulation require explanation. 6.2.1 Licensing structure Licensing remains one of the key elements of a regulatory framework and one of the most important instruments which governments and regulators can employ to set the direction of market dynamics shaping the telecommunications sector. Licensing regime is integrally tied to the structure of the telecommunications markets and as such, remains a key predictor of the degree of competitive intensity of the market, the revenues earned by the government through the auction of spectrum and ultimately, the efficiency with which telecommunications services are supplied to the public. It is therefore important to ensure that a licensing framework that drives investment, promotes competition and innovation is in place in order to secure overarching goals and objectives of National broadband Masterplan. The current operating licenses for telecommunication services issued pursuant to the Telecommunications Act 1997 need to be revised to secure alignment with emerging market fundamentals and paradigm shifts especially with regards to convergence and evolution of wireless and mobile broadband. Along those lines, one of the activities that can be undertaken as a key action item of the masterplan is to carry out a thorough review of licenses granted in the past so as to ensure that inconsistencies in provisions are avoided going forward and more generally, as a guide to future licensing structure and processes. Along those lines, a unified licensing regime holds the prospects of simplifying the licensing procedure, allowing service providers to use any technology, ensure flexibility and efficient use of resources. In addition, unified licensing framework removes arbitrary and artificial distinctions which are not technically supported, promotes sector competition and sector convergence. It needs mentioning here that the Telecommunications Act 1997 has been broadly drafted and facilitates the implementation of a unified licensing regime. Further, delinking of spectrum assignment in the license is necessary to efficiently use the spectrum.

Fig 5: Key considerations for

broadband masterplanFacilitation of competition

Unif

ied

Lic

ensi

ng

Spectrum M

anagement and

Regulation

Prom

ote In

frastr

ucture sh

arin

g/

open acce

ss

Sp

ectr um

Man

agem

ent an

d

Regu

lation

Policy and regulatory

aspects

20

6.2.2 Facilitation of competitive entry of a new entrant

Nepal's telecommunications market, though seemingly robust along some key indicators, still leaves a lot of room for improvement and reform. For one, the current state of duopoly in national licensing, as more than 95% of the total market share is held by the two operators, is not likely to produce the optimal outcomes for consumers and could stifle the growth of the sector by creating conditions not favorable to healthy competition. It is generally accepted that more competition leads to lower prices, higher speeds, broader deployment, more innovation, and better customer service. This despite the fact that at times the correlation might not be that evident. Going forward, it is important to ensure that due consideration is given to facilitate the competitive entry of at least one new entrant to secure a more competitive telecommunications sector and accelerate expansion of broadband network and services in Nepal. If the new entrants are willing to risk their capital to invest in infrastructure, this should be encouraged. A possible new entrant would also increase competition tension if new cellular spectrum (e.g. 700 or 2600 MHz) was to be auctioned going forward. A suggested competition and spectrum allocation strategy for Nepal to adopt to underpin voice and wireless broadband deployment (and to maximise government revenues) is detailed in Appendix I. 6.2.3 Spectrum management and regulation Going forward, Nepal must carry out further reforms on spectrum management and licensing regime. The prospect of developing one or more new models of spectrum regulation that are neither as restrictive as current approaches to licensing nor as permissive as unlicensed uses must seriously be looked into. An ideal spectrum regime for Nepal should be characterized by allocation of frequencies for best use as determined by their inherent qualities and the unmet needs of users and their applications.

In terms of regulatory provisions, there are two main acts that regulate radio frequency spectrum in Nepal. These are the Telecommunications Act, 1997 and the Radio Act, 1957. In addition, The Radio Communication (License) Regulation 1992 also addresses various aspects of radio regulation in Nepal. • The Radio Act provides for control and regulation of activities of holding, making and using “radio machines” in Nepal. “Radio machines” are generally defined as 'capture equipment' used for receiving or sending words, pictures or signals continuously through radio waves without wire connection. A list of “machines” is set out in the definition segment of the Act. Article 3 of the Act constitutes one of the key components given its stipulations where a person licensed to operate telecommunications service under the Telecommunications Act or “a customer using the telecommunication service through such a person shall not be required to obtain a license under this Act to hold, make or use the radio machine relating to the telecommunications service”. It is worth noting here that this act regulates radio machines, and not radio frequency allocation per se. • The Radio Communication (License) Regulation 1992 requires a person to obtain license to hold, use, manufacture, sell or distribute all kinds of radio machines. Similar to the Radio Act, there is no provision on radio frequency allocation or licensing of frequency spectrum. The Telecommunications Act provides for regulation of telecommunications sector. Section 22 of the Act provides for a person desiring to operate “Telecommunications Service” to apply for a license. Importantly, there is no provision for the licensing of radio frequency spectrum in this Act. Section 49 of the Act on “Provision of Determination of Radio Frequency Policy” merely provides for radio frequency policy determination committee to inter alia determine radio frequency policy, allocate radio frequency, determine pricing of radio frequency and determine policy for coordination of radio frequency.

21

Based on the above, it appears that there are complexities surrounding radio frequency spectrum allocation and licensing and as to how they are addressed in terms of legal and regulatory provisions. Going forward, these issues could be addressed by legislative amendments. It is recommended that the Radio Act be amended to address radio frequency allocations and licensing (via auction or otherwise) and issues relating to spectrum fees.

It is imperative that Nepal continues to make more spectrum available for next generation wireless data if broadband environment is to be significantly improved. Measures must be taken to ensure that ample spectrum is made available especially in relation to expanding access to rural areas. One way to do this is to formulate a policy for the use of spectrum in the white spaces between TV bands.

The aim of the government should be to exploit the technological benefits of the lowest frequency bands as much as possible (e.g. including the 700 MHz and 1800 MHz bands) for the deployment of LTE technology. This will ensure that the country has the capacity to take advantage of 4G broadband services and the growth that is expected to take place in this area.

6.2.4 Refarming of 900 MHz Existing allocations scheme of 900 MHz spectrum leaves a lot of room for optimization of this crucial resource. Refarming of 900 MHz band has become necessary in order to use this spectrum for UMTS service. If this spectrum was available for UMTS it would have an immediate impact on both affordability (for example, costs would reduce) and the quality of service. 6.2.5 Other key policy and regulatory issues Exhibit 2 details a number of key policy and regulatory issues which need attention in order to accelerate broadband services in Nepal.

22

(Adapted from Wireless Broadband Masterplan for Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, 2010, ITU) 6.2.6 Promote infrastructure sharing and open access

Nepal should seriously work towards further promoting public broadband investments. Such investments must be designed for minimizing the barriers to take-up by service providers and end users so as to ensure that services are available and people actually start appropriating them. Along those lines, it is

1

Utilis ation of

key s pec trum

below 1 GHz

Given the dominant position of mobile services in Nepal (which will grow

even more so) and wireless broadband in the future, the need for Nepal to

utilise key spectrum below 1 GHz spectrum resource (especially the 700

MHz band) is profound. In this respect, Nepal should lock in to regional

Asia Pacific proposal of 2 x 45 MHz digital dividend spectrum. In this

respect an auction of certain 700 MHz spectrum should be announced in

2016

2

Flexible rights of use should be instituted for key wireless spectrum

allocations with technology use given that artificial technology limitations

may deny operators being able to use efficient and spectrally efficient

technology. For example, 3G W-CDMA at 900 MHz is more cost

effective than rollout of 3G W-CDMA at 2100 MHz. In addition, while

the current focus in Nepal is on 2.3 GHz and 2.6 GHz bands which is

mainly used for Kathmandu, the lower frequencies are better (for xample ,

LTE at 1800 MHz) and cheaper than 2.6 GHz Capex.

Flexible rights

of us e for key

wireles s

s pec trum

alloc ations

3

An infrastructure sharing policy, preferably mandated, will be a significant

positive for the country. Likewise there is a need for clarity on

interconnection and access. Improved regulatory clarity will also make a

third telecommunications licence more appealing. It should be noted that

while mobile number portability (MNP) may be desirable it is not

necessary and for Nepal would add considerably to costs and network

complexity when quality of service is already an issue.

Ac c elerate

infras truc ture

s haring

framework

4

Using satellites in rural , remote and uneconomic areas of Nepal as part of

a national broadband solution is both good public policy and makes

commercial sense given this can provide cost effective solutions which are

robust. In addition, they could be utilised to provide cellular network

connectivity in areas without fibre or microwave facilities or direct

connectivity when mini BTS are not economic.

Us ing s atellites

in rural, remote

and

unec onomic

areas

5

The role of the NTA as a facilitator is crucial in order to create an

enabling environment, regulatory certainty and a gradual reliance on

market mechanisms to promote broadband services, both wireline and

wireless. This includes:

• developing predictable and transparent regulatory framework;

• promoting competition;

• encouraging investment in infrastructure;

• engaging in consultation with industry; and

• quarterly collection of statistics from operators to ensure latest ICT

figures.

Role of NTA as

fac ilitator

Exhibit 2: Some Policy and Regulatory issues

23

important to ensure that service providers have access to active or passive infrastructure at a reasonable price and under conditions that are open, fair, transparent and non-discriminatory. Going forward, it will be imperative on part of NTA to develop open access policies and approaches in various contexts, including fixed and mobile access networks, backhaul and backbone networks and Internet exchange points (IXPs), among others. In general, open access arrangements for Nepal should be characterized by wholesale access to network infrastructure or services that is provided effectively on fair and reasonable terms, with some degree of transparency and non-discrimination. Elsewhere, for fixed networks, open access policies in the form of mandated regulated access, such as local loop unbundling or other wholesale access products, have played a leading role in the development of competition. Given Nepal's policy emphasis on universalizing broadband access, it is believed that Open access arrangements can play a major role in shaping the level of competition in next generation access (NGA) networks. As one of the action areas for broadband master plan, a set of comprehensive guidelines should be developed to promote open access arrangements in Nepal. Such guidelines should be based on provision of effective access on a) fair and reasonable terms and b) on transparent and non-discriminatory terms or, at a minimum, a clear policy should be established as to the conditions that apply to the arrangement. Infrastructure sharing is another area that needs to be promoted through appropriate policy and regulatory instruments going forward as a means of to promote infrastructure deployment, in particular IP backbones and broadband access networks. Along those lines, NTA should develop a set of comprehensive guidelines outlining, inter alia:

the need to promote an enabling environment (featuring appropriate regulatory framework and competition and investment incentives) and

the development of innovative regulatory strategies and policies to promote infrastructure sharing 6.2.7 International connectivity and traffic management International connectivity is one area that needs high degree of policy and regulatory attention going forward. It has been observed that the most efficient way to lower costs and keep pace with demand is through liberalization and promotion of competition among facilities that provide international connectivity, in particular, international gateways. Nepal should take necessary measures to ensure that there are redundant international cables and other facilities linking the country to competitive global communication networks. In addition, Nepal must undertake endeavours to enhance the Internet traffic exchange (IXP) and management systems and harmonize related policies in a more efficient and effective manner, domestically as well as at the subregional and regional levels, which will lead to better quality of service and the reduction of currently severe tromboning, high rates of latency and costly transit prices. Along those lines, Nepal needs to effectively play its role in implementing strategies aimed at promoting Asian Information Superhighway initiative led by UN-ESCAP. Terrestrial connectivity that this initiative aims to promote would generate great deal of benefits for Nepal and facilitate competitive access to robust international connectivity.

6.2.8 Reform RDTF

In part because of market failures with regard to the provision of broadband especially to rural and unserved areas, as witnessed also in other countries, relying on market drivers alone will not meet Nepal's future broadband needs. Targeted subsidies can bridge the gap between broadband coverage that can and will be provided by the market and the extent of coverage expressed as government commitment in National Broadband Policy. Going forward, it is highly imperative that Nepal carry out necessary reform

24

of RTDF and promote the use of community anchor institutions as a pathway for introducing broadband into unserved and underserved communities. This masterplan recommends that a Connect Nepal Fund (CNF) be created as vehicle for accelerating broadband access and adoption in rural, unserved, under-served and high cost areas. Connect Nepal Fund would be a key component of Nepal Broadband Development Programme (NBDP) that this masterplan envisages.

7.0 Stimulating demand – facilitating the development of content, applications and promoting innovative usage of broadband

Adoption of broadband and hence demand for related services is intrisically tied to the availability of digital content and applications that the consumers see value in. Contents and applications also play a crucial role generating outcomes that investments in broadband seek to achieve. Innovative use and application of broadband also needs to be promoted in order to achieve wide ranging policy outcomes. For example, health service outcomes that ICTs can potentially generate would require hospitals and health service centers to develop strategies aimed at leveraging broadband. Similarly, schools and educational institutions should be encouraged to use broadband and ICTs to strengthen education service delivery along key quality, reach and learning outcome dimensions.

This masterplan argues for a focused sectoral orientation in deploying broadband across government service delivery domains. It will also be important to incentivize innovation in ICT application and promote development of digital contents aligned with local contexts.

8.0 Formulation of National Broadband Development Programme (NBDP) It is recommended that a National Broadband Development Programme (NBDP) as a vehicle for implementing broadband policy and masterplan must be formulated. One of the key goals to NBDP will be to connect unserved and underserved areas throughout the country and to facilitate the expansion of quality broadband network and services generally. NBDP will mobilize both RTDF and external resources to execute projects formulated in support of broadband objectives and goals. The projects to be designed and executed under NBDP will provide internet access, help expand e-services and citizen centric e-applications nationally using both a) new and existing optical fiber backbones and extending it to outlying areas and b) deploying wireless connectivity infrastructure where appropriate and desirable. Realizing that Optic fiber based network provide scalability to meet ever growing bandwidth and performance needs and also facilitate expansion of e-services, the primary focus of NBDP will be on the development of Optic Fiber Network under a pan-Nepal coverage scheme using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technologies. The guiding principle of NBDP will be to provide non-discriminatory access to National Optic Fiber Network to all the service providers like Telecom operators, ISPs, Cable TV operators, fixed broadband suppliers etc. to expand access to broadband network and services to rural, unserved and underserved areas. NBDP will also be geared towards promoting cross-sectoral synergies for fiber optic deployment (synergies among public utilities and transport companies for example, for laying fiber infrastructure). Adjoining exhibit highlights the proposed governance structure of NBDP.

NBDP

Executive

Leadership

Chair of NBDP Steering Committee

Minister, Ministry of Information and Communication

Deputy Chair, Member, National Planning

Commission

Steering Committee members

(Line agencies, NTA, Private sector and domain experts)

NBDP

Program

Management

NBDP

Program

Management Office

NBDP Governance

NBDP Project

working groups

Policy and

Regulation

Infrastructu

re

Content and

services

Monitoring and evaluation

Secretary, MoIC

Member-Secretary

Private Sector

Coordination

Fig 6: National Broadband Development Program

(Governace model )

RTDF and External resources

including PPP

25

Annex I

5/16 8/16 11/16 2/17 5/17 8/17 11/17 2/18 5/18 8/18 11/18

5/17

Release Bidding docs

9/16

Conduct Spectrum pricing

benchmark study

3/17

Commence refarming 900

MHz band

6/16

Auction 1st tranche of

700MHz band

1/17

Announce auction for

new telecomlicense

12/16

Commence Pre-qual phase 10/17

Auction 1st tranche of

700MHz band

7/17

Auction new license with

900 & 1800 MHz spectrum

10/18

Consider auctioning

Additional spectrum

6/18

Consider allocating

additional trances of 700MHz band

1/18

Third operator commences

Retail services

Time-line for releasing additional spectrum aimed at promoting wireless

broadband through enhanced competitive intensity

Mar, 2016 Mar, 2019

26

ANNEX I

A C T I O N P L A N

(SECTION 1 : Foundational Activities)

27

Strategy 1: Create institutional and programmatic arrangement for broadband development Goal: To create an institutional mechanism for formulating and executing projects aimed at achieving broadband targets

Activities Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Output Key Outcomes supported

Implementation Horizon

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1.1 Formulate National Broadband Development Programme as the key mechanism for the implementation of broadband master plan

MoIC NTA A national broadband development programme is formulated as a key vehicle for implementation of broadband policy and the masterplan under the supervision of NBDP steering committee

A mechanism for coordinated implementation of the Masterplan as well as broadband policy and strategy is created

Strategy 2: Determine total infrastructure investment needs Goal: To develop informed policy position on size of investment required to promote broadband in underserved and under-served areas

2.1 Establish the framework of Connect Nepal Fund (CNF) as mechanism for mobilizing RTDF for expanding broadband backbone infrastructure as a component of National Broadband

NTA MoIC A dedicated fund is created as a vehicle for mobilizing RTDF resources for expanding broadband infrastructure, more particularly backbone and backhaul infrastructure to unserved and under-served areas

Expanded broadband access to high-cost areas

28

Development Program

2.1 Determine total

investment needs based on coverage gaps and broadband targets

NTA Telecom operators/ISPs and other stakeholders

A comprehensive assessment outlining total infrastructure investment needs based on a) status of existing infrastructure b)coverage gap c) identification of technology mix to address coverage gap and d) investment cost by technology

A framework for informed policy decisions is created leading to optimized mobilization of public and private resources

Strategy 3: Create enabling regulatory and policy environment Goal: To ensure appropriate legal and regulatory provisions are made to create ecosystem conducive to the development of broadband

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

Implementation Horizon

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

3.1 Hold stakeholder consultation to promote unified licensing regime

NTA/MoIC na Identification of key issues impinging upon effective uptake of Unified licensing framework

Enhanced Sector competition based on technology neutrality and convergence oriented policy position

3.2 Identify key areas of reform of

NTA na A firm policy and regulatory position

Clear and predictable

29

licensing framework and decision making processes to ensure increased availability and optimized utilisation of key spectrum

below 1 GHz

on spectrum governance and allocation, including digital dividend spectrum identified

policy and regulatory position on utilization of key spectrum below 1 GHz

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

3.3 Carry out necessary licensing reforms and develop firm policy provisions to promote flexible rights of use for key

wireless

spectrum

allocations to

facilitate

deployment of

cutting edge

wireless

technologies (like

LTE)

NTA Telecom operators

Officially binding position on flexible rights of use for key wireless spectrum allocations

Artificial technology limitations are removed to drive investment on cutting edge broadband wireless technologies

30

3.4 a)Create appropriate institutional mechanism, including a monitoring framework to secure full implementation of infrastructure sharing guidelines developed by NTA b) Initiate licensing processes paving way for independent service providers to begin infrastructure development works

NTA/ MoIC

na a)Appropriate mechanism is created to effectively implement infrastructure sharing guidelines b) Independent infrastructure service provider begins operation

Lowered barriers to investment fostering facilities based competition and innovation

31

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

3.5 Develop appropriate and actionable policy/ regulatory position on facilitating use of satellite communication in rural, remote and underserved areas

NTA VSAT service providers/ISP/Telcom operators

A concrete, actionable policy and regulatory position formed for facilitating the use of satellite based communication to expand connectivity and broadband in underserved areas

Bridging of digital divide by deploying satellites based connectivity in areas where other forms of technology option are not viable

3.6 Amend Regulatory provisions to mandate disclosure requirements along predefined parameters for all broadband service providers

NTA Telecom operators/ISPs/

Amended regulatory framework with disclosure requirements featuring well defined QoS parameters for broad band service providers

Meaningful competition based on availability of pricing and performance information to consumers of broad band services

32

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

3.7

Conduct a comprehensive review of the state of wholesale competition regime to help ensure adequate competition on fixed and mobile broad band services

NTA

Telecom operators/ISPs

A comprehensive study featuring review of wholesale competition rules with recommendations

A telecom/broadband sector with enhanced competitive intensity

3.8 Develop regulatory provisions, procedures and guidelines to allow data roaming

NTA Telecom operators

A consultative position paper featuring procedure for allowing data roaming

A telecom and broadband services sector conducive to wide, seamless and competitive data coverage

33

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

3.9 Develop a comprehensive Human Resource Development plan for enhancing the capacity of the regulator

NTA MOIC A comprehensive HRD plan for NTA in view of fast evolving regulatory challenges (ie convergence, etc)

A sufficiently well capacitated NTA with in-house domain expertise to effectively address a range of regulatory challenges brought about technology driven paradigm shifts in telecom and broadband

34

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

3.10 Develop best practices guidelines for rights-of-way policies for broadband infrastructure deployment

NTA/telecom operators

Department of Roads, Department of Electricity, Municipalities and local government entities

A consultative paper on best practice guidelines for ROW policies with actionable strategies (ex. Common service ducts) with recommendations for a binding implementation framework

Achievement of high level of infrastructural synergies that would lower investment barriers, promote open access and strengthen infrastructure sharing regime

35

.11 Amend regulatory framework to mandate provisions for local loop unbundling and secure implementation of local loop unbundling provisions

NTA/MoIC

Telecom operators

A revised regulatory framework incorporating provisions for local loop unbundling

Enhanced competitive environment fostering innovation, lowering cost barriers to entry and expanding choices to the consumers

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

3.12 Develop and implement mechanisms to collect more accurate information on broadband access along a number of key parameters

NTA ISPAN, telecom operators

A framework for collecting timely and accurate information on broadband on all aspects of broadband performance through an revised and improved reporting requirement

Improved policy and decision making as well as evaluation and monitoring in matters relating to broadband usage an d deployment

36

Strategy 4: Promote a) investments in Backbone/backhaul and access network infrastructure and b) strengthen resilience of information and communication infrastructure

Overall objective:

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

4.1 Identify specific measures to drive investments in all key elements of broadband supply chain (International capacity, National Backbone and Last Mile Access)

GON/ NTA

Business sector, Telecommunications operators, Nepal Investment Board, Financial institutions

A thoroughly actionable strategy framework prepared through a consultative process involving key stakeholders aimed at promoting investment throughout broadband supply chain

Creation of a resilient and future proof backbone/backhaul infrastructure enabling significantly enhanced and meaningful broadband services across the country

4.2 Develop PPP framework with actionable strategies to foster investment in universal broadband network

NTA Private sector, telecom operators

An actionable strategy framework factoring in international best practices and prepared through consultative process with key stakeholders

Enhanced prospect of improving broadband access to unserved and underserved locations

37

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

4.3 Conduct a thorough review of existing policy and regulatory provisions to isolate areas needing improvement in order to effectively implement open access and proper, effective interconnection arrangement for backbones, international capacity and international gateways

NTA na A report on policy and regulatory gap analysis with actionable recommendations to implement and regulate open access and secure proper interconnection arrangements

A conducive investment climate promoting competition, providing regulatory certainty and correcting market distortions

38

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

4.4 Reform licensing framework, regulatory provisions and incentive structure to drive private sector investment on FTTx based network rollout

NTA Financial institutions / ISP/ Infrastructure service providers

A consultative paper on promoting investment on FTTx based network rollout that enables triple play services

More intensified rollout of FTTx based implementations as a means of expanding meaningful broadband access to consumers

39

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

4.5 Develop a position paper on harmonizing and reforming taxation related provisions, especially with respect to expansion of broadband network and procurement of international communication capacity and end user devices

NTA Ministry of Finance Key stakeholders

A position paper justifying the business case for taxation reform and harmonization especially in relation to lowered cost barriers to end consumers

Enhanced affordability of broadband services on account of lowered price points and creation policy incentive for investment in broadband infrastructure and services

40

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

4.6 Develop guidelines to mitigate environmental impact of broadband infrastructure roll-out and formulate policies to incentivize use of renewable sources of energy

NTA Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, AEPC

a) A set of guidelines targeted at broadband infrastructure developers b) A set of recommendations on adopting appropriate measures to incentivize the use of renewal sources of energy in the rollout of broadband infrastructure

4.7

Develop guidelines and directives to mandate mapping and submission of information on broadband and telecommunication infrastructure assets on GIS based spatial data representation and analysis

NTA

Telecommunication operators, ISPs, infrastructure providers

A detailed guideline backed by an enforceable directive detailing reporting requirements using GIS based platforms

Creation of enhanced policy and planning support environment through the creation of spatially represented telecommunication asset information database

41

format

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

4.8 Develop a comprehensive guideline for all related stakeholders aimed at enhancing the resilience of telecommunication and broadband infrastructure in line with recommendations outlined in PDNA

NTA Telecommunication operators, ISPs

A comprehensive guideline for ensuring enhanced resilience of telecom infrastructure prepared and implemented

Creation of resilient telecommunication infrastructure

42

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

4.9 Conduct a feasibility study and prepare a roadmap with actionable strategies on Digital Dividend and TVWS utilization

NTA/MoIC

na A feasibility study with actionable strategies prepared for utilizing digital dividend (DD) spectrum capacity gain as well as TVWS

Enhanced prospect of expanding broadband services to underserved and remote areas

Strategy 5: Promote investment in people, content, application, innovation and digital inclusion

Overall Objective: Stimulating demand for broadband services

5.1 Prepare country strategy framework on Broadband demand stimulation

NTA Telecom operators, Broadband service providers

A Strategy document prepared through consultative process on stimulating demand for broadband services

Stimulated demand for broadband infrastructure and services

5.2 Formulate and implement National Digital Literacy Initiative Project

NTA/ Ministry of Education

NGOs/ Civil Society/non-profits

National Digital Literacy Project formulated and launched

Enhanced level of broadband uptake

43

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

5.3 Carry out a detailed, comparative study to analyze cost barriers to internet and broadband adoption

NTA Telecommunication operators, Civil society, Non-profits

A detailed study featuring analysis of cost barriers to internet and broadband adoption, within a comparative framework

Thorough understanding of cost structures as well as price points crucial for driving meaningful internet and broadband adoption among communities

5.4 Develop a special program to be implemented through NBDP aimed at better enabling Nepalese with disabilities to experience the benefits of broadband

NTA Disability organizations

Strategy framework/recommendations developed to make hardware, software, services and digital content more accessible and assistive technologies more affordable

Nepalese with disabilities have meaningful access to broadband services

44

Strategy 6: Expand access to rural, unserved and underserved areas Overall objectives: To expand broadband access across the country, with particular focus on areas and communities that are likely to remain outside the scope of market interest

Activities: Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

6.1 Amend RTDF operational modality, related regulatory and policy provisions and guidelines to expand the scope of the fund to include broadband in universal service/access definition.

NTA/MoIC

Ministry of Finance

Amended RTDF operational modality, related regulatory and policy provisions incorporating access to Broadband as part of universal service/access obligation

Expanded ambit of RTDF to include broadband as part of Universal Service Obligation

45

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

6.2 Conduct a survey to identify areas that are likely to remain unserved by commercial service providers for the next 3 years

NTA na A survey report with spatially represented information about areas that are likely to remain unserved for the next 3 years

Better and informed targeting of universal services strategies and resources

6.3 Amend regulatory framework to incorporate mandatory disclosure of area coverage of broadband service and infrastructure providers

NTA/MoIC

na Amended regulatory framework incorporating mandatory disclosure provisions on areas served

Better identification of policy gap and market failure in relation to universal service obligation and invest climate on broadband

46

Strategy 7: Enhance competitive intensity in wireless broadband and telecommunication sector/ release spectrum to intensify broadband roll-out Objective

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

7.1 Undertake spectrum pricing benchmark study

7.2 Announce auction for a new national cellular mobile telecommunication license based on 900/1800 MHz allocations

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

7.3 Develop refarming strategy for 900 MHz band maximizing efficient use of the band

47

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

7.4

Announce first tranche of 700 MHz spectrum

7.5 Prepare plan for auctioning 2300 MHz and 2.6GHz bands

7.6 Formulate plans for pilot tests of broadband connectivity using TVWS in selected remote and unserved areas of Nepal

NBDP/NTA

NGOs/Non-profits/Civil Society/ INGO's

A detailed plan containing specific pilot sites/application scenarios of connectivity roll-out based on TVWS

48

ANNEX I

A C T I O N P L A N

(SECTION 2: Infrastructure roll-out and broadband deployment)

49

Strategy 8: Promote roll-out of access, backbone, backhaul infrastructure

Indicative implementation horizon

Overall Objective:

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

8.1 Expand F/O connectivity to all districts headquarters of Nepal

NTA NBDP/ telecommunication operators/ infrastructure service providers

All 75 districts of Nepal are connected through F/O network

A crucial infrastructure to support wireline and wireless broadband rollout is created

8.2 Expand mobile data coverage (3G) to all districts headquarters and at least 85% of all VDCs of Nepal along predefined quality and performance parameters

Telecommunication operators

NTA/NBDP Communities in all 75 district headquarters of Nepal have access to mobile data coverage

Mobile data network access is made available on all 75 districts headquarters and 85% all VDCs

50

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

8.3 Expand mobile data coverage (4G and beyond) to 30% districts headquarters and at least 40% of all VDCs of Nepal along predefined quality and performance parameters

Telecommunication operators

NTA/NBDP Communities in all 22 district headquarters of Nepal as well as 40% of all VDCs have access to 4G mobile data coverage

Social and development gains on account of more expanded access to meaningful wireless mobile broadband

8.4 Expand F/O connectivity beyond district headquarters with a goal of connecting at least 20% of VDCs with F/O backbone/backhaul/access all over Nepal

NTA NBDP/telecommunication operators/PPP arrangements

At least 20% of the VDCs of Nepal have F/O connected with district headquarters level F/O backhaul

At least 20% of VDCs have access to meaningful broadband applications in the area of e-health, e-education, e-governance etc

51

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

8.5 Provide broadband connectivity to Government schools with a target to connect 25% all community and government schools within the next 3 years

Ministry of Education

NBDP/Telecom operators/ISPs/INGOs/Multilateral development agencies

Government schools are connected to broadband network

Creation of enabling environment for leveraging broadband to expand outreach of educational services and bridge quality gaps in education

8.6 Roll-out Satellite based communication access points in VDCs/communities/ service centers where other forms of connectivity are not feasible.

MoIC NTA/ VSAT operators/ Telecommunication operators and related agencies

Communities outside the coverage of traditional commercial network providers are served with satellite connectivity

Digital divide is significantly narrowed through the availability of satellite connectivity

52

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

8.7 Implement harmonized and reformed taxation related provisions, especially with respect to expansion of broadband network and procurement of international communicaton capacity and end user devices

NTA Ministry of Finance Key stakeholders

A position paper justifying the business case for taxation reform and harmonization especially in relation to lowered cost barriers to end consumers

Enhanced affordability of broadband services on account of lowered price points and creation policy incentive for investment in broadband infrastructure and services

53

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

8.8 Implement guidelines to mitigate environmental impact of broadband infrastructure and formulate policies to incentivize use of renewable sources of energy

NTA Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, AEPC

a) A set of guidelines targeted at broadband infrastructure developers b) A set of recommendations on adopting appropriate measures to incentivize the use of renewal sources of energy in the rollout of broadband infrastructure

8.8

Develop guidelines and directives to mandate mapping and submission of information on infrastructure assets on GIS based spatial data representation and analysis format

NTA

Telecommunication operators, ISPs, infrastructure providers

A detailed guideline backed by an enforceable directive detailing reporting requirements using GIS based platforms

Creation of enhanced policy and planning support environment through the creation of spatially represented telecommunication asset information database

54

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

8.9 Roll-out pilot tests of broadband connectivity using TVWS in 15 selected remote and unserved areas of Nepal

NBDP/NTA

NGOs/Non-profits/Civil Society/ INGO's

TVWS based broadband connectivity is rolled-out in selected areas/locations

Broadband services become available to populations living in remote and unserved areas

Strategy 9: Promote investment in people, content, application and innovation Objetive:

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

9.1 Prepare sectoral broadband strategies of all government ministries

OPMCM MoIC/MOST/NTA

Broadband application strategy Ministries are prepared

Streamlined and efficient service delivery geared towards securing development outcomes across sectors

9.2 Develop cloud based e-commerce and business support solutions to drive uptake of broadband by small and medium enterprises

NTA/MoST

Private sector agencies (FNCCI, CNI), Product and service associations, Private sector

Measures and action framework on driving uptake ICT and broadband by SMEs

More and more SMEs integrate ICTs into their business to support their businesses

55

9.3 Develop and deploy mobile based health service applications to expand outreach of health services

Ministry of Health

NGOs/INGOs/Civil Society/Private sector

Mobile based health services application becomes available for use of people living in rural and remote areas of Nepal

The ubiquity of mobile phones is leveraged both to stimulate demand for mobile data and support health outcomes

56

Activities:

Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Key outputs

Key Outcomes supported

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

9.3 Provide broadband connectivity to Government schools with a target to connect 25% all community and government schools within the next 3 years

Ministry of Education

NBDP/Telecom operators/ISPs/INGOs/Multilateral development agencies

Government schools are connected to broadband network

Creation of enabling environment for leveraging broadband to expand outreach of educational services and bridge quality gaps in education

9.4 Develop and deploy mobile based agriculture extension support services to farmers

Ministry of Agriculture

NBDP/Telecom operators/ISPs/INGOs/Multilateral development agencies

Cloud based mobile services aimed at supporting farmers are designed and deployed

Farmers get access to information and support services through mobile

57

Strategy 10: Enhance competitive intensity in wireless broadband and telecommunication sector/ release spectrum to intensify broadband roll-out

Implementation horizon

Overlall Objective: 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Activities Lead Agency

Supporting Agency

Output Key Outcomes supported

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

10.1 Release bidding document for new cellular mobile telecommunication license

NTA MoIC Bidding document for new cellular mobile operator

More choices to consumers resulting in enhanced competitive intensity, quality offering

58

Strategy 10: Enhance competitive intensity in wireless broadband and telecommunication sector/ release spectrum to intensify broadband roll-out

Implementation horizon

10.2 Announce first tranche of 700 MHz spectrum

NTA MoIC First trache of 700 MHz Spectrum released

Wireless broadband roll-out regime strengthens on account of availability highly effective spectrum resource

10.3 Prepare plan for auctioning additional tranches of 700 MHz band

NTA MoIC

10.4 Prepare plan for auctioning 2300 MHz and 2.6GHz bands

NTA MoIC

10.5 Secure implementation of data roaming facility

NTA Telecommunication operators/ISPs

Data roaming is implemented

Enhanced uptake of broadband on account of availability of more choices to consumers