national certificates (vocational) subject … certificates nqf level 4/nc(vocational... ·...

NATIONAL CERTIFICATES (VOCATIONAL)

SUBJ ECT GUIDELINES

PULP- AND P APERMAKING TECHNOLOGY

NQF LEVEL 4

IMPLEMENTATION: J ANUARY 2013

Pulp- and Papermaking Technology Level 4 (January 2013) National Certificates (Vocational)

Department of Higher Education and Training 1

INTRODUCTION

A. What is Pulp- and Papermaking technology?

Pulp- and papermaking technology (PPT) will allow learners to prepare themselves for employment in a range of occupations in the Pulp- and papermaking industry. This qualification suite will equip a learner to immediately, on completion, be considered for an operating position within the Pulp and papermaking industry.

B. Why is Pulp- and Papermaking technology important in the learning programme?

Pulp- and Papermaking technology introduces students to:

• Stock preparation.

• Wet end processes.

• Dry end processes.

• Chemical recovery.

• Production of pulping chemicals.

C. The link between Pulp- and Papermaking technology and the Critical and Developmental Outcomes

• Pulp- and Papermaking technology will develop students’ problem-solving skills by requiring them to continually collect analyse and evaluate data.

• The subject will instil and enhance team spirit by affirming the importance of teamwork.

• Through communication using visual, mathematical, scientific and technological means, students will learn effective reporting methods in this subject.

• Pulp- and Papermaking technology will also create a sense of respect and responsibility towards the environment as well as the health and safety of fellow human beings.

D. Factors that contribute to achieving Learning Outcomes in Pulp- and Papermaking technology

• An effective simulated workplace or a real engineering workplace where students can display their competencies

• Qualified and competent lecturers and assessors who not only aid and facilitate teaching, training and learning but who are readily available to provide moral support

• Patience, self-discipline and teamwork skills

• Critical thinking and problem-solving skills to readily evaluate data systems and processes



PULP- AND PAPERMAKING TECHNOLOGY - LEVEL 4

CONTENTS

1 DURATION AND TUITION TIME

2 SUBJECT LEVEL FOCUS

3 ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Internal assessment

3.2 External assessment

4 WEIGHTED VALUES OF TOPICS

5 CALCULATION OF FINAL MARK

6 PASS REQUIREMENTS

7 SUBJECT AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

7.1 Stock preparation.

7.2 Wet end processes.

7.3 Dry end processes.

7.4 Chemical recovery.

7.5 Production of pulping chemicals.

8 RESOURCE NEEDS FOR TEACHING OF PULP- AND PAPERMAKING TECHNOLOGY LEVEL 4

8.1 Physical resources

8.2 Human resources

8.3 Other resources



1 DURATION AND TUITION TIME

This is a one-year instructional programme comprising 200 teaching and learning hours. The subject may be offered on a part-time basis provided the student meets all the assessment requirements.

Students with special education needs (LSEN) must be catered for in a way that eliminates barriers to learning.

2 SUBJECT LEVEL FOCUS

The student should be able to describe stock preparation, wet end processes, dry end processes, chemical recovery and the production of pulping chemicals.

Exit level Outcome 1: Describe different stock preparation processes. Associated Assessment Criteria: The purpose, working principles, equipment, quality requirements, testing and corrective measures of different types of stock preparation processes are described. > Range: Re-pulping, pulp deflaking, pulp refining, pulp cleaning, pulp screening, pulp blending and pulp thickening processes. Exit level Outcome 2: Describe the wet end and dry end of papers processing. Associated Assessment Criteria: The purpose, working principles, equipment, quality requirements, testing and corrective measures of the forming, pressing, drying, winding and rewinding sections are explained. Exit level Outcome 3: Describe different types of chemical recovery processes. Associated Assessment Criteria: The purpose, working principles, equipment, quality requirements, testing and corrective measures of different chemical recovery processes are explained. Range: Kraft, NSSC, magnesium bisulphate, soda and waste liquor concentration chemical recovery processes. Exit level Outcome 4: Describe the production of pulping chemicals. Associated Assessment Criteria: The different types of production of pulping chemicals processes are explained. > Range: unslaked lime, sodium sulphite and calcium bisulphite.

3 ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Internal assessment (50 percent)

3.1.1 Theoretical component

The theoretical component forms 40 percent of the internal assessment mark.

Internal assessment of the theoretical component in Pulp- and Papermaking technology Level 4 takes the form of observation, class questions, group work, individual discussions with students, class, topic and semester tests and internal examinations. Lecturers can observe students when marking exercises from the previous day and when responses are given.

Assignments, case studies and tests can be completed at the end of a topic. Tests and internal examinations must form part of the internal assessment.



3.1.2

A. Presentations (lectures, demonstrations, group discussions and activities, practical work, observation, role play, independent activity, synthesis and evaluation)

Practical component

The practical component forms 60 percent of the internal assessment mark.

Practical components include applications and exercises. All practical components must be indicated in a Portfolio of Evidence (PoE).

Internal assessment of the practical component in Pulp- and Papermaking technology Level 4 takes the form of assignments, practical exercises, case studies and practical examinations in a simulated engineering environment.

Students may complete practical exercises daily. Assignments and case studies can be completed at the end of a topic. Practical examinations can form part of internal practical assessment.

Some examples of practical assessments include, but are not limited to:

B. Exhibition by students

C. Visits undertaken by students based on a structured assignment task

D. Research

E. Task performance in a simulated/ structure environment.

Definition of the term “Structured Environment”

For the purposes of assessment, “Structured Environment” refers to a simulated workplace or workshop environment. Activities in the simulated workplace or environment must be documented in a logbook with a clear listing of the competencies to be assessed. The following information must be contained in the logbook:

• Nature of department or environment in which practical component was achieved

• Learning Outcomes

• Activities in the environment with which to achieve the Learning Outcomes

• Time spent on activities

• Signature of facilitator or supervisor and student

For the logbook to be regarded as valid evidence, it must be signed by an officially assigned supervisor.

Evidence in practical assessments

All evidence pertaining to evaluation of practical work must be reflected in the students’ Portfolio of Evidence (PoE). The tools and instruments constructed and used to conduct these assessments must be clear from the evidence contained in the Portfolio of Evidence (PoE).

3.1.3 Processing of internal assessment mark for the year

A year mark out of 100 is calculated by adding the marks of the theoretical component (40 percent) and the practical component (60 percent) of the internal continuous assessment (ICASS).

3.1.3 Moderation of internal assessment mark

Internal assessment is subjected to internal and external moderation procedures as set out in the National Examinations Policy for FET College Programmes.

3.2 External assessment (50 percent)

A National Examination is conducted annually in October or November by means of a paper(s) set and moderated externally. A practical component will also be assessed.

External assessment details and procedures are set out in the Assessment Guidelines: Pulp- and Papermaking technology Level 4.



4. WEIGHTED VALUES OF TOPICS

TOPICS WEIGHTED VALUE 1. Stock preparation. 15% 2. Wet end processes. 15% 3. Dry end processes. 20% 4. Chemical recovery. 30% 5. Production of pulping chemicals. 20%

TOTAL 100

5 CALCULATION OF FINAL MARK

Internal assessment mark: Student’s mark/100 x 50 = a mark out of 50 (a)

Examination mark: Student’s mark/100 x 50 = a mark out of 50 (b)

Final mark: (a) + (b) = a mark out of 100

All marks are systematically processed and accurately recorded to be available as hard copy evidence for, amongst others, reporting, moderation and verification purposes.

6 PASS REQUIREMENTS

A student must obtain at least fifty percent (50%) in ICASS and fifty percent (50%) in the examination.

7 SUBJECT AND LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completion of Pulp- and Papermaking technology Level 4, the student should have covered the following topics:

7.1 Topic 1: Stock preparation

7.2 Topic 2: Wet end processes

7.3 Topic 3: Dry end processes

7.4 Topic 4: Chemical recovery

7.5 Topic 5: Production of pulping chemicals

7.1 Topic 1: Stock preparation

Subject Outcome 1: Describe the re-pulping process

Learning Outcomes:

The student must be able to:

• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of re-pulping.

• Identify re-pulping equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of re-pulped pulp.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on re-pulped pulp.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor re-pulping performance.

Subject Outcome 2: Describe the pulp deflaking process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of deflaking.



• Identify deflaking equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of deflaked pulp.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on deflaked pulp.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor deflaker performance.

Subject Outcome 3: Describe the pulp refining process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of refining.

• Identify refining equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of refined pulp.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on refined pulp.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor refiner performance.

Subject Outcome 4: Describe the pulp cleaning process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of pulp cleaning.

• Identify pulp cleaning equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of cleaned pulp.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on cleaned pulp.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor pulp cleaning performance.

Subject Outcome 5: Describe the pulp screening process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of pulp screening.

• Identify pulp screening equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of screened pulp.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on screened pulp.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor pulp screening performance.

Subject Outcome 6: Describe the pulp blending process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of pulp blending.

• Identify pulp blending equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of blended pulp.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on blended pulp.



• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor pulp blending performance.

Subject Outcome 7: Describe the pulp thickening process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of pulp thickening.

• Identify pulp thickening equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of thickened pulp.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on thickened pulp.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor pulp thickening performance.

7.2 Topic 2: Wet end processes

Subject Outcome 1: Describe the forming section

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the forming section.

• Identify forming equipment and their main components.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on formed paper, board and tissue.

• Describe the quality requirements of formed paper, board and tissue.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor forming performance.

Subject Outcome 2: Describe the pressing section

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the pressing section.

• Identify pressing equipment and their main components.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on pressed paper, board and tissue.

• Describe the quality requirements of pressed paper, board and tissue.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor pressing performance.

7.3 Topic 3: Dry end processes

Subject Outcome 1: Describe the drying of paper

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of drying paper.

• Identify drying equipment and their main components.



• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on dried paper, board and tissue.

• Describe the quality requirements of dried paper, board and tissue.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor drying performance.

Subject Outcome 2: Describe the winding and rewinding process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the winding and rewinding processes.

• Identify winding and rewinding equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of wound paper.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor winding and rewinding performance.

7.4 Topic 4: Chemical recovery

Subject Outcome 1: Describe the waste liquor concentration process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the waste liquor concentration process.

• Identify waste liquor concentration equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of concentrated waste liquor.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on waste liquor concentration.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor waste liquor concentrator performance.

Subject Outcome 2: Describe the Kraft chemical recovery process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the Kraft chemical recovery process.

• Identify Kraft chemical recovery equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of recovered Kraft chemicals.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on recovered Kraft chemicals.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor Kraft chemical recovery performance.

Subject Outcome 3: Describe the NSSC chemical recovery process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the NSSC chemical recovery process.

• Identify NSSC chemical recovery equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of recovered NSSC chemicals.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on recovered NSSC chemicals.



• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor NSSC chemical recovery performance.

Subject Outcome 4: Describe the magnesium bisulphite recovery process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the magnesium bisulphite recovery process.

• Identify magnesium bisulphite recovery equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of recovered magnesium bisulphite.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on magnesium bisulphite.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor magnesium bisulphite recovery performance.

Subject Outcome 5: Describe the soda chemical recovery process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the soda chemical recovery process.

• Identify soda chemical recovery equipment and their main components.

• Describe the quality requirements of recovered soda chemicals.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on recovered soda chemicals.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor soda chemical recovery performance.

7.5 Topic 5: Production of pulping chemicals

Subject Outcome 1: Describe the unslaked lime production process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the unslaked lime production process.

• Identify unslaked lime production equipment and their main components.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on unslaked lime.

• Describe the quality requirements of unslaked lime production.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor unslaked lime production performance.

Subject Outcome 2: Describe the calcium bisulphite production process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the calcium bisulphite production process.

• Identify calcium bisulphite production equipment and their main components.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on calcium bisulphite.

• Describe the quality requirements of calcium bisulphite production.



• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor calcium bisulphite production performance.

Subject Outcome 3: Describe the sodium sulphite production process

Learning Outcomes:


• Describe the purpose and basic working principles of the sodium sulphite production process.

• Identify sodium sulphite production equipment and their main components.

• Describe the physical and chemical tests performed on sodium sulphite.

• Describe the quality requirements of sodium sulphite production.

• Describe the reasons, indicators and remedies for poor sodium sulphite production performance.

8 RESOURCE NEEDS FOR TEACHING OF PULP- AND PAPERMAKING TECHNOLOGY LEVEL 4

8.1 Physical resources

Building infrastructure, fixtures, networks, plant and machinery, for example:

• Storeroom

• Tool room

• Lecture room(s)

• Training area or work area

• Simulated environment

• Ablution facilities

8.2 Human resources

The lecturer for Pulp- and Papermaking technology Level 4 must be:

An expert process operations lecturer with experience in the required elective field offered at the specific College. This lecturer should at least be in possession of an NQF 5 qualification in chemical engineering or pulp and paper technology. Since our assumption is that this course will only be offered at Colleges close to processing industries, these qualifications are generally found in abundance in these areas. Typical qualifications are N4, N5 and N6 (Plant Operations), Diploma in Chemical Engineering / Pulp and Paper Technology, BTech (Chemical Engineering / Pulp and Paper Technology) and BEng (Chem).

However, these candidates rarely have any background in education – these skills would need to be provided through short courses or other suitable mechanisms.

Lecturers must attend seminars and upgrading workshops to keep up-to-date with the latest developments in technology.

8.3 Other resources

Consumables, individual tool and equipment requirements and learning materials and resources, for example:

• Literature and learning material which address tasks

• Learning materials on projection equipment



• Educational tours to relevant learning venues

• Educational and motivational talks from industry

• Visual and audio-visual material

• Workshop manuals and documentation for theoretical knowledge

• Models and demonstrations

Funds from the learning provider or funding bodies for the procurement of consumables, tools and equipment must be readily available to ensure the effective operation of a Simulated Environment where students are individually equipped with the necessary tools.

national certificates (vocational) subject … certificates nqf level 4/nc(vocational... ·...

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